Chapter 16 2. Please go back to the "three high" enterprises

The "China Talent Development Report 2010" shows that "the structure of China's talent resources is unreasonable, and the outstanding performance is: (1) China's talent resources are mainly distributed in education, culture, health, economy, accounting, traditional industries, etc.; agriculture, information, finance, insurance, etc. There are fewer talents in industries such as new technology, new energy, biotechnology, modern medicine, environmental protection and other engineering and technical talents are far from meeting the needs, especially the lack of high-tech and compound innovative talents. (2) State-owned sector There are many talents, but there are few talents in non-state-owned departments. According to the "China Labor Statistical Yearbook (2008)", at the end of 2007, there were 33.139 million professional and technical personnel in China, of which 23.878 million were state-owned units, accounting for 72%. More than 52% of the senior expert team was distributed In colleges and universities, more than 41% are distributed in independent scientific research institutes, and only 7% are distributed in enterprises. In contrast, the distribution of human resources in developed countries is just the opposite. Most of them are in enterprises, and more than half of scientists and engineers are in the corporate sector. In the United States, 80% Scientists and engineers are in the corporate sector. (3) The geographical distribution of talents is not reasonable enough. 86% of China's senior talents are concentrated in the central and eastern regions, and the vast western region is extremely short of talents. (4) There is a serious disconnect between industry, education and research, and the theory cannot be applied to practice. At present The research and development situation of Chinese enterprises is: large enterprises have a small number of research and development talents, and small enterprises have almost no research and development talents. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Personnel in 2004, Chinese enterprises have less than 3 research and development talents per 10,000 people, while Japan is 49, 48 in the US, 35 in Germany, 25 in both Canada and the UK."

When we focus our attention from the whole country to Beijing, we will find that the above-mentioned irrational talent structure is inseparable from the "survival of the fittest" in big cities.Moreover, what is worse is that Beijing's judgments on talents are often very selfish, even with serious "discrimination". "It should be completely closed at the end of the month. There is no other way. The government has to close it down." When he said this, Xu Guanghe, the person in charge of Beijing Sanli Cement Co., Ltd., looked a little gloomy. On August 20, 2009, nearly two months after the shutdown on June 25, there were still some bags of cement piled up in the warehouse of Sanli Cement Plant, which was scattered with coal ash, and there were still some small trucks entering the plant to pick up goods.However, "the furnace has been stopped for a long time. Recently, the remaining clinker is ground into cement and sold out." Xu Guanghe said.

All this shows that Xu Guanghe has no choice. On July 6, 2009, the Beijing Industrial Promotion Bureau jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on the Orderly Exit of "High Pollution, High Energy Consumption, and High Water Consumption" Small Cement Enterprises in Beijing"; according to the plan, from 2009 to Within two years of 2010, Beijing will shut down 13 cement enterprises, reducing cement production capacity by 2.52 million tons per year. According to the "21st Century Business Herald" report: "In 2008, due to the hosting of the Olympic Games, Beijing has not approved the launch of a new cement production line. This time, the elimination of the 'three high' (high pollution, high energy consumption, high water consumption) cement enterprises, Relevant departments in Beijing clearly stated that by the end of 2010, the number of cement enterprises in Beijing will be reduced from 25 at the end of 2008 to 10-12.

The Beijing Economic and Information Commission also announced with some relief on December 16, 2009 that 79 "three high" enterprises had withdrawn from Beijing, saving a total of 199,100 tons of standard coal in energy, equivalent to 300,000 permanent residents of Beijing in 2007. annual energy consumption.In addition, the withdrawal of these 79 enterprises has also enabled Beijing to save 5.35 million cubic meters of fresh water, which is equivalent to the water storage capacity of 2-3 Kunming Lakes. Water has always been a big problem in Beijing. "Xiaoxiang Morning Post" reported on June 24, 2010: "In June, Tuancheng Lake in the Summer Palace in Beijing will open its belly, and within half a year, it will 'swallow' water from Huangbizhuang, Gangnan, and Wangkuai in Hebei. The emergency water supply of 200 million cubic meters of the reservoir. The water transfer from hundreds of kilometers away will pass through the main channel of the emergency water supply project of the Beijing-Shijiazhuang section (Shijiazhuang to Beijing) of the South-to-North Water Diversion Central Line. This is also the second time since the completion of the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Section of the Central Line supply water to Beijing."

According to experts, in recent years, the average annual water shortage in Beijing has been around 400 million cubic meters.As the availability of surface water is becoming more and more expensive, in addition to transferring water from other places, most of Beijing's water supply comes from groundwater, which is close to 2/3 of the total water supply. Wang Jian, an expert on water issues in Beijing, said that Beijing has been overexploiting groundwater for many years, which has caused a large area of ​​land subsidence. The water has formed a subsidence area of ​​2,650 square kilometers, while the area of ​​Beijing’s built-up area is only 1,040 square kilometers.”

Groundwater has been formed over millions of years, and its replenishment is a very slow process. It is regarded as "children's water" and "life-saving water".But in fact, in order to maintain the daily operation of this super metropolis with a population of 17.55 million, "no family in Beijing will feel a lack of water. Beijing has withdrawn the precious "children's water" in advance. It is in such a "critical" situation that it is imperative to evacuate "three high" enterprises from Beijing.Water is the source of life, no one wants to "fight with their lives" with the capital, right?Obviously, the "anxiety" of Beijing's water resources has a long history.

In order to quench Beijing's thirst, the Jingshi section of the middle line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project supplied water to Beijing for the second time on June 4, 2010.But Wang Jian, a researcher who has been concerned about water resources for a long time, is worried that although water transfer has once again solved Beijing’s water worries, it is also located in the North China Plain. Beijing is short of water, and Hebei and Tianjin are no exception. Water transfer is not a long-term solution. count.Wang Jian, who once worked in the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau, has long studied Beijing's water resources and water environment issues and is a well-known water expert in Beijing.In his view, Beijing's water resource problem is a manifestation of "accumulating ecological disasters". The reason for this predicament is the reduction of natural precipitation conditions and unreasonable human development.

Wang Jian used a set of figures to support his point of view: Taking the inflow of surface water as an example, the Guanting Reservoir, one of the major reservoirs in Beijing, had an average annual inflow of 2.03 billion cubic meters from 1955 to 1960, and by 2009 In 2009, this figure dropped sharply to 0.09 billion cubic meters.At present, Beijing's annual per capita water resources are only 210 cubic meters, which is 1/10 of China's annual per capita water resources and 1/40 of the world's annual per capita water resources.In the early days of liberation, Beijing had a population of about 4 million, but now the population has increased by 4 times, "but the natural water has not increased by 4 times", Wang Jian said. Beijing has become one of the most water-scarce megacities in the world.

However, as the most important city in China, the domestic water supply of the capital Beijing is absolutely unstoppable.Therefore, even though Hebei and other provinces and cities did not have much "surplus food", they still reluctantly provided blood transfusions for the capital. However, experts remind us that we must face another problem, that is, the "heart" of China, which is severely short of water, is still getting bigger and bigger every day-Beijing, whose built-up area was only 109km2 in 1949, will be built in 2020 The area of ​​the district will be expanded to 1650km2, and the scale of the city will become larger and larger, and the water resources carrying it will inevitably become more and more embarrassing.

This city seems to be becoming more and more greedy. In order to become a "world city", it has been expanding year after year. More and more breathless. In fact, as early as 2007, the "Beijing Opinions on Accelerating the Exit of High-Pollution, High-Energy-Consumption, and High-Water-Consumption Industrial Enterprises" had already been issued.Small cement, small paper, small chemical industry, small foundry, small printing and dyeing, electroplating and flat glass seven industries are listed as key disadvantaged industries for exit.Beijing has also formulated exit standards for these seven industries, and companies that fail to meet the standards will be gradually guided out.

These enterprises have left, and correspondingly, employees working in these "disadvantaged industries" will immediately face the major problem of being laid off and finding new jobs.As for their fate, the relevant departments obviously don't have the energy to pay attention. However, while inviting the "three high" companies away, Beijing also lamented the bitterness. Since the beginning of 2010, major media have frequently reported news about Beijing's "shortage of talents"—— "Beijing Daily" reported: "In 2015, the total mileage of Beijing's rail transit will reach 561 kilometers. Calculated based on the need for 60 management and maintenance operators per kilometer, the city will need 34,000 professionals by then, and the current talent gap is more than 20,000. People"; "Beijing Examination News" news: "In the adjustment of Beijing's industrial structure, some emerging industries in the modern service industry and cultural and creative industries have emerged. Like cars, they have entered thousands of households, but the practitioners in car sales and after-sales services There is a huge gap”; People’s Daily Online: “In the process of integrating urban and rural construction in Beijing, the most important problem facing medical and health care is the talent problem. It should attract high-level medical school graduates to take the initiative to serve at the grassroots level”; 2010 On February 17, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security announced the early launch of employment monitoring and services for migrant workers. It dispatched staff to major train stations in Beijing and other places to actively inquire about the employment and intentions of migrant workers in Beijing.According to statistics, in the fourth quarter of last year, simple manual workers and security guards were the most "scarce" in Beijing's labor market... Please note that the talents in short supply above all have a basic commonality, for example: maintenance staff, sales staff, after-sales service staff, grass-roots service staff, and simple manual workers. They belong to different types of work, but none of them belong to the so-called "high-end", Elite" talent.Beijing lacks a large number of grassroots talents, and she planted this "bitter fruit" herself.At the same time, Beijing is telling you a fact: I welcome you, but not him.In fact, there is a standard among them, which is the "high or low" judgment given by the city to talents. In fact, the so-called "10 occupations with the largest demand in the labor market and the largest gap" are often in relative shortage. Due to factors such as the working environment, salary and benefits, and career prospects, the local unemployed in big cities and college students with foreign hukou are unwilling to "succumb to ".And these types of jobs are also indispensable for urban operation, economic development, and social order.It is precisely because of this that Beijing, a big city, shows its rejection and discrimination against such "simple manual workers" who are regarded as "unstable factors" in the city. Professor Zhang Weiying from the School of International Relations at Renmin University of China believes that the current market adjustment mechanism in Beijing and even the whole country is not perfect, and it does not have enough ability to solve the contradiction between overpopulation and scarcity of resources. The scale is very necessary." And the two common prescriptions that were issued, one is that the government uses price means to increase the price of basic products such as water and electricity, and force them to be the most scarce "simple manual laborers" in Beijing; Raise the threshold for foreigners to settle, live, and work. There is no doubt that people who work as security guards, waiters, cleaners, etc. are naturally outside this threshold. This is the "trick" that Beijing is best at.She has always complained that the quality of the migrant population in her city is too low, not as good as that in Shanghai, but she has never realized her "snobbery".In 2008, the floating population of Shanghai reached 6.4227 million, accounting for 1/3 of the permanent population.Although the "xenophobia" of Shanghainese has been criticized by people all over the country, the Shanghai Municipal Government has never seen a policy similar to restricting low-quality people from entering Shanghai.But Beijing has repeatedly tried to use administrative means to solve the population and talent problems in the city. "Beijing News" reported on August 2, 2010: "In view of the continuous and rapid population growth in Beijing, the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, through a special survey, suggested that small businesses and small stores that absorb a large number of floating population implement a compulsory exit mechanism." Because the research team found that since 2008, Shunyi has invested 150 million yuan to upgrade and transform 65 farmers' markets in the region, put an end to road markets, and cleaned up a number of small stores and small businesses.This experience of "reasonably controlling the population size by adjusting the industrial structure, reasonably controlling the demand for floating population in employment positions, and giving full play to the role of the real estate industry in population size regulation" is worthy of promotion in the whole city. A simple translation of the above paragraph roughly means that Shunyi District swept out small shops and small businesses, causing a large number of "low-quality" migrant workers to be laid off and unemployed. Packed up their bags and left one after another, and the outsider who originally planned to enter the city to show off his talents walked to the door and saw the aggressive posture of the people in the city, so he could only turn around and leave. Therefore, the research team immediately applauded.Li Xiaojuan, director of the Internal Affairs and Judiciary Office of the Standing Committee of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress, said: "What Shunyi can do, Beijing can do too. We have reached a consensus: economic development does not mean that population cannot be controlled. As the capital, Beijing must control population." In order to control the population of Beijing, the research group of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress gave this dose of medicine, is it good medicine or poison? "Don't take advantage of vulnerable groups." Wang Jun, the author of "City Tale", believes that Beijing's approach to slow down population growth will hardly have a big effect.Similarly, Tang Jun, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also believes that the existence of small businesses and hawkers proves that society needs such people. The government’s approach of raising the threshold will inevitably increase the operating costs of these service industries. Follow up. Both Tang Jun and Wang Jun believe that the root cause of Beijing’s over-concentration of population is the unbalanced development of Beijing and surrounding areas, so the key to solving Beijing’s population concentration is not to drive out the floating population, but to promote the balanced development of the surrounding regional economy. . To cure Beijing's "urban disease", we must first cure her "central" mentality - the problem of selfishness.If Beijing is a beautiful woman, then she must be an arrogant young lady who thinks that high-end talents from all over the country and even the world should cling to her and surround her, while the "low-quality" people who want to please her should stay away from her. Avoiding her, any ignorant person who insists on getting closer will be kicked out by her sooner or later. Look at Beijing's treatment of migrants. Don't these things all these years illustrate this fact? Build fences, install street gates, close infrequently used intersections, and permit people and vehicles to enter and exit... After Daxing District of Beijing took the lead in piloting community-based closed management of villages in April 2010, Changping District will also divide 100 villages into three batches Promote the work of "closed village management". On August 1, the first batch of 44 villages started work. (The Beijing News, July 29) Beijing has implemented a "village closure" management model in several urban villages with concentrated migrant populations, which has caused a lot of public opinion recently.But the local villagers are no strangers to closed management. During the SARS period in 2003, closed management was implemented for the first time in the village, and people from other villages were prohibited from entering; in 2008, when Beijing welcomed the Olympic Games, the village also implemented temporary closed management. "At first it was a rope, it was a stick during the Olympics, and now it's a security pavilion," said village cadre Liu Xuezhu half-jokingly. Beijingers can joke with a relaxed tone, but outsiders can't.Next to a row of rented houses in the north of the village, Xiao Liu, who is teaching his son to walk, said: "There are walls built on all sides, and there are people patrolling. It feels like a prison." In response to this matter, Jiangnan Times published a comment on July 30, 2010: "Although the entanglement of the reality of constant editing and chaos, and the supplementary explanation of 'equal treatment, no discrimination', can calm down the 'doing bad things to the immigrant population. Presumption, presumption of guilt'. However, in today's civilization and opening up has become a general trend, 'closing the village' is against common sense, and it is difficult to erase some original sins." As follows: "First, using administrative means to artificially set up barriers and draw ground as a prison is a continuation of the planned economy thinking." "Secondly, standardized management is not the same as walled-off. Sealing a letter is still a control-type management routine, which will hinder the region's external exchanges and castrate the daily consumption and convenience of the people." "Thirdly, the closure of villages is the embodiment of the idea of ​​emphasizing management over governance in urban management," and it also obliterates the sense of belonging of outsiders to the city. "Fourth, the closure of villages is a double bondage of the rights of locals and foreigners. When dignity and rights are deprived, the rationality of the policy should also be questioned." "Fifth, the closure of the village cannot escape the suspicion of power laziness and arrogance. The problems it has caused, such as interpersonal barriers, marginalization of outsiders, and uneven treatment, all need to be addressed squarely." Who live in villages like the suburbs of Beijing that need to be managed by "closed villages"?Most of them are migrant workers coming to Beijing from Anhui, Henan, Zhejiang and other provinces.Beijing is not willing to let returnees or scientific research talents favored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences live in the rented houses of villagers in the outskirts of the city, and it is even more impossible to implement the management of "drawing the land as a prison" for them.Comparing the two, it is easy to see the huge difference in Beijing's treatment of these two types of people. Beijing has proposed the goal of building a "world city". An important feature of a "world city" is openness. For example, in Hong Kong, New York, and major European cities, walls are often very rare.If you say that on the edge of the "world city", there are villages with iron gates and cold barriers everywhere, that is really an extremely absurd scene. ("Beijing News" current commentary) Peter Karl Kresl, a professor of economics at Bucknell University in the United States, believes that if Beijing wants to build a world city and an innovative city, it must learn from the successful practices of other international cities. "The city should not be your only commanding height, we should focus on Larger, look at urban areas and urban agglomerations. For example, in New York in the United States, we not only put the traffic range of 60 kilometers around the city, but we can put it into hundreds of kilometers. In this way, not only the urban area of ​​Beijing, but also the surrounding areas of Beijing It will be more convenient to accommodate it and consider it as a city.” Beijing is a very important city. There is no doubt about it. At the same time, it is also a very ideal city. She constantly sets new goals for herself in order to make herself more and more important.But in fact, Beijing has been doing some things that go against its original intention intentionally or unintentionally on the way towards its grand goal.To build a world city in 2050, the high-end talents that Beijing wants to attract also include "cultural and creative talents".However, some cultural talents have been lost for the sake of immediate interests, or when there is no time to take care of them at all. Wearing a set of Chinese clothes, holding a yin and yang umbrella, standing in a gossip that reads "CHINA · Cha Na", since the "Warm Winter" project launched on December 29, 2009, Huang Rui will use the 798 artist's Identity, appearing in every protest, in solidarity with the artists in Beijing's Chaoyang District. Although on December 19, 2007, 798 Factory was included in the "Beijing Excellent Modern Architecture Protection List (First Batch)" jointly announced by the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, so far the 798 Art District has been freed from the past for many years. There were rumors of demolition.However, under the sweeping of all kinds of disputes over business, fame and fortune, art is still drifting away from 798. 798 has become the most beloved cultural outpost of international and local capital, and it is destined to suffer from it.Seeing the huge profits generated by 798, a large number of galleries poured into it one after another. 2005 was the peak period for galleries to enter 798.Housing prices have risen from the initial 0.6, 0.8 yuan/square meter/day to 1.8 yuan/square meter/day to 3.5/square meter/day. direct confrontation. Since November 2007, Qixing Middle Street in the 798 Art District has been excavated many times, causing dissatisfaction among artists such as Hao Guang. In October 2008, in the open letter "Calling the Beijing Municipal Leaders to Pay Attention to Various Problems of 798", the artist Hao Guang listed the property's "inflated housing prices", "artificial names, illegal fees", "barbaric construction", "no cars allowed to enter", etc. The question also prompted many people in the art circles to issue papers in response.However, Hao Guang still failed.In the end, he had no choice but to leave 798, "I'm not going to defend my rights with them anymore. I've already decided to go to Tibetan areas to do charity work and paint huge paintings." And the financial turmoil in 2009 directly "forced" many galleries out.Even if the crisis is over, the problem of rising land prices and rents still exists.This chronic disease that plagues 798 may forever plague the artists and galleries in the 798 Park.Running away became the only way out in front of her. "Batch after batch of artists have left. Compared with the previous period, only one-fifth of the artists are left," said Li Xiangqun, an early tenant of 798. This is the current situation in Beijing: there is a large shortage of grassroots talents, a shortage of simple manual laborers, batches of cultural and creative talents are being lost, and Beijing is still sparing no effort to "close villages" and raise the threshold for foreigners to enter Beijing.Instead of starting from the root cause, we only blindly build houses on the outskirts of the city to make money, but we cannot really use satellite cities to share part of the functions of the central city, let alone achieve balanced economic development in the surrounding areas of Beijing, so that the market can regulate the flow of population.The mentality of the "central government" in Beijing is too serious. No matter what happens, the first thing that comes to mind is to use administrative means to solve it. Orders, policies, and decrees are issued, and other people in other cities have to obey orders obediently. Could it be that "world cities" are built with an official seal and a piece of paper? What's more frightening is not that these policies don't work, but that they really have a lot to do.Just imagine, there are only a group of high-end talents who make rockets and missiles left in a city, because they have houses, cars and tickets in the city, and no one does the work of cleaners, waiters and security, because the city has tried every means These people were driven away.So, what kind of city will this be? Stiglitz, an American economist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, pointed out: "The two most profound things that affect the process of human society in the 21st century are the first is the new technological revolution led by the United States, and the second is China's Urbanization." The most direct impact of urbanization on China is the widening gap between urban and rural areas, which has led to more and more aspiring young people moving closer to the center and to higher places.Despite being the political, economic and cultural center of the country, Beijing has been trying to show the outside world that she is "tolerance is great."But the reality is often not as expected. Whether it is the withering of the 798 Art District, the scarcity of simple labor, or the severe shortage of grassroots workers, including rail transit professionals, there are very few fig leafs left for the city of Beijing to be inclusive.Even if you are a talent that meets the development needs of this city, you may not be able to stay safely.Because in front of the open gate of Beijing, there are rows and rows of obstacles, such as housing prices, such as household registration, you have to struggle to cross them, and you will get bruised and bruised if you are not careful.