Chapter 19 1. Guangzhou-Shenzhen industrial relocation

Regarding the topic of "fleeing from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen", among the 500 questionnaires sent by "Southern Metropolis Daily" in April 2010, more than 52% of the white-collar workers clearly stated that they would flee, but they could not find the opportunity for the time being, and only 6% said that It is ready and will be in action within half a year.Although it is only 6%, it also shows that the "fleeing" that public opinion pays high attention to is not entirely just talking, but someone has already done so or is preparing to do so.This trend has also been recognized by sociologists. "You can live a more comfortable life in second-tier cities. Escaping is a rational return and a choice to regain the dignity of life." Xia Xueluan, professor of sociology at Peking University and doctoral supervisor. Say.

In this tide of "fleeing from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen", companies are obviously more sober and more active than individuals. On May 18, 2010, the Foxconn Chongqing factory manufactured the first notebook computer; in August 2010, the recruitment site of Foxconn Zhengzhou factory was extremely hot; in 2010, the total number of employees of Foxconn Shenzhen factory began to shrink, and it will be reduced from the current 450,000 within 5 years To 300,000 to 350,000 people, and Shenzhen Foxconn will also gradually transform from an OEM base to a research and development, trial production, domestic sales, and logistics center.

In 2010, Foxconn's "eventful summer" almost became an accelerator for Shenzhen's industrial transformation and upgrading.Wei Dazhi, director of the Industrial Economics Research Center of Shenzhen University, believes that "Shenzhen is becoming less and less welcome to the Foxconn model. Shenzhen is no longer the primary model that was very excited about attracting investment. Shenzhen now relies most on the service industry, financial industry and logistics industry for tax revenue. Foxconn, with a population of 400,000 employees, has made very little contribution to Shenzhen’s local finances. On the other hand, due to the high population density, Foxconn has held back a lot of energy and money from the government, and has taken up a lot of public resources. Employees’ income is low, and consumption in the city The pulling ability of Shenzhen is limited, but there are many problems caused by employee management. Shenzhen has the highest population density in the country, the city is already overwhelmed, and the industrial structure needs to be adjusted urgently. Therefore, Shenzhen can only phase out low value-added processing and manufacturing industries. Obviously, the Foxconn model It is no longer suitable for Shenzhen, only suitable for areas with lower labor costs."

As we all know, Shenzhen's development from a small fishing village on the South China Sea to today's international city is related to its continuous reform and industrial transformation: from the initial city of construction to a city dominated by industry, to the rapid development of high-tech industries in the 1990s , to the four pillar industries, and the "accelerated development of the three strategic emerging industries" that was repeatedly mentioned at the "two sessions" in Shenzhen. Every time the industrial structure is adjusted, the most direct change is the relocation of enterprises, or even the reshuffle of the entire industry.

As early as June 2006, a survey on relocation of enterprises led by the Shenzhen Bureau of Trade and Industry showed that a total of 119 industrial enterprises in Shenzhen had relocated or planned to relocate, involving a total industrial output value of 9 billion yuan.Among them, a total of 18 industrial sectors experienced relocation of enterprises, and the four industries of machinery, toys, instruments and meters, and plastics had a large number of relocation enterprises, accounting for 58% of the total number of relocation enterprises.The relocation places are concentrated in Dongguan, Huizhou, Zhongshan, Heyuan and other places in the province, while most of them migrate to Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and other places outside the province. According to the survey in June 2007, in the four districts of Luohu, Nanshan, Bao'an and Longgang alone, as many as 522 enterprises have already moved or plan to move out, of which 499 have already moved out.

In 2010, the Shenzhen Science, Technology, Industry, Trade and Information Technology Committee, Dongguan Economic and Information Technology Bureau, and Huizhou Economic and Information Technology Bureau signed the "Shenzhen Dongguan Huizhou Economic and Trade Cooperation Agreement" in Shenzhen.According to the relevant content in the cooperation agreement, the three cities will further accelerate the construction of Dongguan (Huizhou) Industrial Transfer Park, explore the establishment of Shenzhen-Huizhou Industrial Transfer Cooperation Base, and support associations, chambers of commerce and enterprises to build various industrial transfer parks.Relying on the industrial transfer park (base), guide the reasonable and orderly transfer and integration of enterprises with transfer needs in the three cities, promote coordinated regional development, and effectively promote industrial transformation and upgrading.

The signing of this agreement means that the second round of industrial transfer from Shenzhen to Dongguan has begun. At the beginning of 2010, the first phase of the production base of Yulong Coolpad Songshan Lake, a 3G mobile phone manufacturer in Shenzhen, was officially put into production.The base covers an area of ​​500 acres, with an investment of more than 500 million yuan. It mainly carries the production and manufacturing of 3G mobile phones. The production capacity of the first phase of the project is 15 million units.In the next three years, the production capacity of the base will reach 40 million units, making it the largest 3G mobile phone production base in China.

Similarly, in the Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industrial Park, Huawei also "gnawed" 500,000 square meters of land in one breath, divided into first and second phases of construction, and invested 2 billion yuan in each phase. After the city is built, it will be scattered in Nanshan, Bantian, etc. Some production lines in the local area were relocated, mainly used to produce switches and so on.Huawei's total investment in the Songshan Lake project has reached 4 billion yuan, including 4 factories, 1 office building, 1 canteen, and 1 computer room. The first phase will be completed in July and August next year and will be put into use. The first phase of personnel includes production and management. Including personnel, it can reach more than 4,000 people.

Large companies in Shenzhen have already expanded their territory in Dongguan, and small companies are even more flocking to it.For example, Shenzhen Edifier Technology Co., Ltd. also began the overall relocation of the Shenzhen factory in July 2010. At present, it mainly moves out of the production process. In the future, Edifier will consider moving its R&D force to Dongguan and retain sales in Shenzhen. The relocation of Shenzhen enterprises is not only due to Shenzhen's future industrial planning and policy guidance, but also directly related to the living environment of enterprises and industries.

According to a survey report released in October 2006, among the 32 relocated enterprises with a total industrial output value of over 100 million yuan, the reason for relocation ranked first was "unsatisfactory land use in Shenzhen"; the second was " Real estate prices/factory rents in Shenzhen are too expensive.” These objective factors have caused the production costs of Shenzhen industrial enterprises to rise, and the relocation is actually "forced to do so".Just like Liu Ping, the general manager of Dima Digital Machinery (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. said frankly, "In fact, I don't want to leave, but I want to stay." The general manager who has worked hard in Shenzhen for 12 years bid farewell to Shenzhen in two years, and The company moved to the new factory in Huidong together.What made her finally decide to "leave" was the "factory problem": "Xili has a company with a factory area of ​​30,000 square meters. Due to the rapid expansion of business volume, the company intends to expand the scale of the enterprise to 100,000 square meters. Now even from All the imported machines ordered from abroad have been bought back, but the company has not been able to find a suitable factory in Shenzhen. As a result, there is no place to store the imported machines, and the company has to rent a place to store these new machines.” Like Dima is not alone in facing the crisis of plant expansion. Fan Hong, director of the Machine Tool Professional Committee of Shenzhen Machinery Industry Association, said, "95% of the enterprises in the industry have encountered such difficulties."

Dima Company, which was developed by a dozen people in 1997, reached a scale of nearly 200 people in 2007.With the increase in business volume and equipment upgrades, the company's plant had to be expanded.At that time, the Mayan Baimang Industrial Zone where Dima Company was located could not find a suitable building for a factory building.In desperation, the company had to rent another separate building about 1 kilometer away from the Baimang factory building to barely use it for the production factory building.The original factory building was kept as a warehouse.Such a complete production chain is considered to be cut into two parts, which has brought a lot of trouble to Dima.Liu Ping, general manager of Dima Company, said that according to the requirements of the company's equipment, the floor height of the factory building needs to be 6 meters, but after a long selection, the floor height of the rented factory building is only 5.5 meters. Constraints, can only adopt semi-manual and semi-mechanized operation" and "the company can't hold a conference even if it wants to, and the administrative and sales departments are separated from the workshop and warehouse.When the weather is bad, the workshop can’t deliver things in a hurry” and so on. With the expansion of Shenzhen's urban scale, the available industrial land in the city will become less and less.For enterprises with large scale, the contradiction between supply and demand of factory buildings is also becoming more and more serious. The problem of "the cage is too small" is not only difficult in Shenzhen, but also a pain in Guangdong as a whole. However, it is precisely because of such migration and transformation that today's world-renowned "world factory" Dongguan has been created.The adjustment of the industry will inevitably mean the transfer of talents. Some experts predict that Dongguan will become China's new "white-collar depression". Lin Jiang, director of the Finance Department of Lingnan College of Sun Yat-sen University and a special researcher of the Dongguan government, was very excited about this "white-collar depression". "In fact, I had such a similar idea two years ago." Between Shenzhen and Shenzhen, with the implementation of the Pearl River Delta Integration Outline and the opening of the Pearl River Delta urban rail, in fact Dongguan will definitely form such a trend. If Guangzhou and Shenzhen are compared to New York, Lin Jiang said, then Dongguan is the "New Jersey" of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Controlling the city's development scale and maintaining its own industrial characteristics, she can become both a paradise for entrepreneurship and a place for life. paradise. Sandwich Guangzhou-Shenzhen is only an hour's drive away from Guangzhou-Shenzhen. Housing prices are only half of Guangzhou and one-third or even one-fourth of Shenzhen. "A friend recently introduced me to an Internet company in Houjie, Dongguan. The salary is six thousand or seven thousand a month. Find time to check it out." Li Rui, who has been tired by life, is currently a partner of an Internet company. Guangzhou has worked hard for five years, but it feels like it has nothing.He said that Guangzhou is not a paradise for young people. "I think the living environment in Guangzhou is bad enough, and the accommodation conditions in urban villages are especially bad. I have moved to several places and they are all the same. Competing for lanes, squeezing the subway, and even a small elevator has to compete with others to catch up and not be late." After staying in Guangzhou for five years, I have competed with others for five years.Such an endless life made him feel hopeless.Then, he found out, "Dongguan's housing prices are low, and it is possible to buy a house in Dongguan and realize the first leap in life, what a dream of luxury." Li Rui felt that he could get more sunshine, which was enough reason for him to "escape" Guangzhou and go to Dongguan. On May 26, 2008, the Guangdong Provincial Government issued the "Decision on Promoting Industrial Transfer and Labor Transfer" and eight supporting documents—namely, the policy of "vacating cages and changing birds" to address the most urgent issue of industrial transfer in the Pearl River Delta. respond. The document issued a "customer-expelling order" to manufacturers of 73 types of products in nine traditional labor-intensive and resource-dependent industries, "encouraging" their production links to be transferred from the Pearl River Delta to the industrial transfer industrial parks in the eastern and western wings of Guangdong and the mountainous areas of northern Guangdong.At the same time, it is required to import 6 million rural laborers into the advanced manufacturing and service industries in the Pearl River Delta after free training. The manufacturing industries that are required to be transferred include: Traditional labor-intensive industries such as clothing, hardware, toys, shoemaking, and packaging; Ceramics, cement and other building materials industries, furniture industry, recycled metal smelting products and other energy-intensive resource-based industries; Processing and manufacturing links in capital-intensive industries such as IT product manufacturing and home appliance manufacturing; Industries such as agricultural product processing and other industries with weak driving functions or insufficient driving stamina; Plastic products, coatings, paints and other downstream product industries of the petrochemical industry, as well as industries with relatively mature industrial clusters or production bases in industrial transfer parks such as the east and west wings and the mountainous areas of northern Guangdong, such as craft toys, audio-visual product production, food production and other industries. On the other side of the policy, a list of industries that are prohibited from being undertaken by the eastern and western wings of Guangdong and the mountainous areas of northern Guangdong is drawn up, mainly involving industries with high pollution, high energy consumption and extremely weak driving functions. Although the main document of the "Decision on Promoting Industrial Transfer and Labor Transfer" used the words "encourage the transfer out" of the above-mentioned industries, in the eight supporting documents, Guangdong Province listed the implementation of industrial transfer and the transfer of the local governments. Into the scope of rigid performance appraisal. The nine major documents paint a wonderful picture for Guangdong five years later: that is, in accordance with the policy of "government guidance, market operation, complementary advantages, mutual benefit and win-win", focus on optimizing the regional industrial layout, and strive to achieve the functional level of the Pearl River Delta region by 2012. Significant improvement and obvious optimization of industrial structure; a group of industrial transfer clusters with reasonable layout, distinctive industrial characteristics and obvious agglomeration effect have been formed in the east and west wings and the mountainous area of ​​northern Guangdong; An official of the Guangdong provincial government interviewed by Caijing magazine once said that if Guangdong province wants to complete its economic transformation and further meet the challenges in the world economic structure, “these high-energy-consuming, low-yield enterprises must be removed. First, free up the cage, then there will be space to attract the phoenix.”