Chapter 8 Chapter 7 Liberation of Changchun

On October 15, our army captured Jinzhou in the Northeast, which greatly shocked the Kuomintang defenders in Changchun. On October 17, Zeng Zesheng, deputy commander of the Changchun 1st Corps and commander of the 60th Army, led an uprising; on October 19, Li Hong, commander of the New Seventh Army in Changchun, surrendered. On the 21st, Zheng Dongguo led his troops to lay down their weapons.Changchun was declared peacefully liberated. Changchun is located in the hinterland of Northeast China, in the southeast of the Songliao Plain, with Shibei Ridge in the south and Yitong River in the east. During the War of Liberation, the urban area was about 700 square kilometers, with about 400,000 residents.Zhongchang Road runs through the city from north to south, and Changtu Road and Changbai Road run across the city from east to west. It is an important transportation hub in Northeast China. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Japan invaded the Northeast and renamed Changchun "Xinjing". As the "capital" of the puppet Manchukuo, it became the political and cultural center of the entire Northeast.During the War of Liberation, Changchun was a strategic hub for the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to compete for.

I deployed intensive defenses to Changchun, the dead city of the enemy on the Middle and Long Road, and implemented a long-term siege, putting the enemy in a desperate situation.This is June 1948. Our troops besieging Changchun crossed the Liao River and approached Changchun. In March 1948, after the winter offensive of the Northeast Field Army was over, it was decided to form 5 independent divisions with the 34th and 35th divisions in the 12th vertical, the 18th division in the 6th vertical, and the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th divisions. And 1 artillery regiment as the siege force, formed a siege command post with Xiao Jinguang as the commander and Xiao Hua as the political commissar.The leaders of the Northeast Bureau and the Northeast Military Region immediately issued an order: "In order to complete the strategic task of attacking Changchun, it was decided to encircle the enemy in Changchun militarily, politically, and economically. The general task is to cut off the enemy's food and firewood, prohibit pedestrians from entering and leaving Airfields, prevent the enemy from being transported by air, disrupt the airdrop of enemy planes, and actively annihilate and disturb the enemy, find the enemy's weak points, gradually compress the enemy, and complete all preparations for the siege battlefield." ("Xiao Jinguang's Memoirs", p. 384) as the command Timely and convenient, with the Yitong River in the northeast of Changchun and the Mengjiatun Railway Station in the southwest of Changchun as the dividing line, the siege troops were divided into two regional teams, the east and the west. The head of the second column directly commands. On June 25, our siege troops began the process of "long-term siege and long siege" against the defending enemy in Changchun.

History often has some kind of coincidence, which adds to the legendary color of history.The Changchun Siege Command Post led by Xiao Jinguang was renamed the First Corps of the Northeast Field Army in September. In this way, Xiao Jinguang's position was the deputy commander of the Northeast Military Region and the commander of the First Corps of the Northeast Field Army.Zheng Dongguo, the commander-in-chief of Changchun defending the enemy led by Xiao Jinguang, who was surrounded by troops, was the deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast "Suppression General" and the commander of the First Corps of the Kuomintang.This formed a dramatic scene: facing each other under the city of Changchun, they were the deputy commanders of the Northeast battlefield of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party; the troops under their respective command were called the First Corps;

Xiao Jinguang during the War of Liberation Xiao Jinguang (1903-1989), born in Changsha, Hunan, is a general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Joined the Communist Party of China in 1922; served as the party representative of the Sixth Division of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army in the winter of 1925, and participated in the Northern Expedition; went to the Soviet Union again after the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927, and studied at the Leningrad Military and Political Academy; returned to China in 1930 and served as the Central Military Academy Principal, Political Commissar of the Fifth Corps of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. In 1933, he was squeezed out and attacked by the "Left" Party Central Committee headed by Wang Ming, and was wrongly dealt with. After the Zunyi Conference, the wrong deal with him was corrected.After arriving in northern Shaanxi, he served as military minister of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia provinces, commander of the 29th Red Army, and chief of staff of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as the director of the Eighth Route Army's rear left-behind division, commander of the left-behind corps, and deputy commander of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shanxi-Sui joint defense army. In 1945, he was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he went to the Northeast and served as the deputy commander-in-chief and chief of staff of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army, the commander of the South Manchuria Military Region, the deputy commander of the Northeast Military Region, the commander of the First Corps of the Northeast Field Army, the deputy commander of the Fourth Field Army and the commander of the Twelfth Corps member, political commissar.After the liberation of the Northeast, he led his troops into the pass to participate in the Battle of Pingjin, and then went south to participate in the Battle of Crossing the River.After the liberation of Wuhan and Changsha, he concurrently served as the commander of the Hunan Provincial Military Region.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was ordered to form the leadership of the People's Liberation Army Navy. He served as the commander of the navy and the principal of the First Naval Academy, the deputy minister of the Ministry of National Defense, and a member of the Central Military Commission. In 1955, he was awarded the rank of general. In 1987, he was awarded the first-class red star Medal of Honor.

Zheng Dongguo (1903-1991), a native of Shimen, Hunan, was a lieutenant general of the Kuomintang Army. In 1924, he entered Whampoa Military Academy to study; in 1925, he was the party representative of the Second Regiment and Third Battalion of the Guangdong Revolutionary Government's Party Army; in 1926, he served as the battalion commander of the First Battalion of the Eighth Regiment of the Third Division of the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and participated in the Northern Expedition. In 1933, he participated in the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War; after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, he served as the commander of the Second Division of the 52nd Army of the Kuomintang, and participated in the famous Taierzhuang Battle; Later, he was promoted to the commander of the Eighth Army; since 1943, he served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Chinese Army in India, the commander of the New First Army, and later the deputy commander-in-chief of the Third Front Army. In 1946, he was transferred to be the deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast Security Command, and participated in the civil war launched by Chiang Kai-shek; in 1947, he was appointed as the deputy director of the Northeast Operation of the Kuomintang; Surrendered to the People's Liberation Army in the Battle of Changchun in October 1948.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as counselor of the Ministry of Water Resources, member of the National Defense Commission, member of the third and fourth CPPCC National Committee, member of the Standing Committee of the fifth, sixth and seventh CPPCC National Committee, and vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Revolutionary Committee.

Judging from the resumes of Xiao Jinguang and Zheng Dongguo, both are from Hunan, and they were born in the same year and the same month. Xiao Jinguang is only 10 days older.Both of them participated in the National Revolutionary Army and the Northern Expedition, and they parted ways after Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution. Twenty-one years later, each commanded 100,000 troops under the city of Changchun, and it was a battle. However, Xiao Jinguang and Zheng Dongguo are in different strategic positions at this time.Zheng Dongguo is trying to survive, trying to hold on or break through; while Xiao Jinguang is "catching a turtle in the urn", constantly tightening the encirclement, putting Zheng Dongguo to death and then hurrying!The two sides launched a desperate struggle centering on military, economic and political issues.

From June 25, 1948, the People's Liberation Army formally imposed a long-term siege on Changchun, adopting a combination of military encirclement, political offensive and economic blockade. The 100,000 troops formed a blockade on the ground with a radius of 25 kilometers outside Changchun City. Inspired by the powerful political offensive and preferential treatment policies of the PLA, the Changchun defenders went out of the city in whole squads, platoons, and companies, from miscellaneous troops to regular troops, from non-lineage troops to direct lineage troops, from soldiers to officers, and from unarmed to carrying weapons. .According to incomplete statistics, from June 25 to the end of September, the siege troops received a total of more than 13,500 defected officers and soldiers, accounting for about one-seventh of the total number of Changchun defenders.Among them, there are more than 3,700 people in the New Seventh Army, more than 3,800 people in the Sixtieth Army, and more than 6,200 people in the Miscellaneous Army.

After Chiang Kai-shek scolded Que Hanqian and other generals in Huludao, he hurriedly flew over Changchun via Shenyang on October 15, preparing to notify Zheng Dongguo, who was trapped in this isolated city, to lead his troops to break out of the encirclement. The plane hovered slowly over Changchun. Chiang Kai-shek looked down through the window and saw the siege fortifications built by the People's Liberation Army circle after circle, criss-crossing, completely enclosing Changchun City;Chiang Kai-shek heaved a long sigh, and ordered someone to send a telegram to Zheng Dongguo, the deputy commander in chief of the Northeast "Suppression General" and commander of the First Corps in Changchun City, saying:

Changchun Deputy Commander-in-Chief Zheng Dongguo, and transferred Zeng Army Commander Zesheng and Li Army Commander Hong: You Hui (October 10th) to order that all the bandit columns were attracted by me to the west of Liaoning.The ministry should take immediate action in compliance with the order.There is a lack of opportunity and oil, and even if the defenders are starved, there will be no chance to turn in.If there is any further delay, the opportunity will be missed, and the overall situation of the battle will be at a disadvantage. The deputy commander-in-chief, army commander, etc. will be charged with disobeying orders and should be punished by the most severe military law.Chung Cheng Chan (15th) has come to Shenyang to conduct, I hope to inform you.Zhongzheng's hand-opening will be at Sitime on October 15.

Along with the telegram, Chiang Kai-shek sent a personal letter to Zheng Dongguo, the content of which was roughly the same as that of the telegram, but the tone was a little more relaxed.Chiang Kai-shek told Zheng Dongguo in the letter that he had ordered the reorganized 207th Division to go to Qingyuan to meet the troops who broke out from Changchun. He himself would stay in Shenyang for 3 days, waiting for Zheng Dongguo to lead his troops to break out of the siege. After reading the telegram and letter, Zheng Dongguo looked up to the sky and sighed, and said, "If I had known the present, why bother!"

At the beginning, after the Northeast Field Army captured Siping, Wei Lihuang ordered the 60th Army stationed in Yongji to retreat to Changchun in order to prevent the troops in Yongji and other places from being eaten up by the People's Liberation Army.Zheng Dongguo once raised objections to this. He believed that Changchun was too far away from the main forces of Shenyang and Jinzhou, and the possibility of being eaten was extremely high.Rather than being annihilated by the People's Liberation Army in the future, it is better to voluntarily abandon Changchun and concentrate Changchun's troops between Shenyang and Jinzhou, so that they can still fight, defend, and retreat, and preserve some of their vitality. Wei Lihuang also agreed with Zheng Dongguo's opinion, but he didn't dare to give up Changchun on his own, so he asked Chiang Kai-shek for instructions.On the one hand, Chiang Kai-shek feared that giving up Changchun would have a great impact internationally, but on the other hand, he believed that by sticking to Changchun, he could also attract some troops from the People's Liberation Army to reduce the pressure on Shenyang and Jinzhou.Moreover, in the long run, it is easy to give up today, but it will be difficult to occupy it in the future, so he firmly opposes giving up Changchun. Because Chiang Kai-shek refused to listen to the opinions of Zheng Dongguo and others, the 100,000 Kuomintang troops in Changchun lost their last chance to retreat safely.Moreover, by mistake, Zheng Dongguo was appointed as the supreme commander of Changchun. This was indeed beyond Zheng Dongguo's expectation, and he was also unwilling.Jung Dong-kook later described his feelings at the time: Before I came to Changchun, many friends advised me not to accept this dangerous task.Others suggested that Liang Huasheng should continue to be in charge, or switch with Fan Hanjie from Jinzhou.I have also discussed these opinions with Wei Lihuang.Wei believed that Liang Huasheng and Zeng Zesheng, the commander of the 60th Army, were at odds and were not suitable for commanding operations. Fan Hanjie was not familiar with the situation, so I was the only one who was more suitable.Later I thought: Changchun is dangerous, but Shenyang and Jinzhou are equally dangerous.In fact the entire Kuomintang regime is in danger.As a soldier, can you still be afraid of danger?I am a senior general of the Kuomintang. In times of difficulty, who am I not responsible for?A kind of thinking of "accepting orders in the face of danger, incumbents, and knowing that they can't be done" dominates me.On the other hand, I also have plans. I think there are two armies (the new Seventh Army and the Sixtieth Army) as the main force, plus local troops. keep for a period of time.From the point of view of the People's Liberation Army, it is not worthwhile to attack Changchun with a lot of force. It is better to concentrate on taking down Shenyang and Jinzhou first, and Changchun will become a turtle in the urn.So I judge that Shenyang and Jinzhou may be liberated in Changchun first.At that time, Changchun will become the only lonely spot in the Northeast, and I may still leave by plane and hand over the aftermath to my subordinates.In this way, I can not only explain to Chiang Kai-shek, but also have a better perception of domestic and foreign countries. This is the best future. ...I am not satisfied with the corruption and incompetence of the Kuomintang, but I think this way: Since I have worked with the Kuomintang for decades, I can only do my best and struggle until it collapses, so that I can have a clear conscience. Loyalty to the Kuomintang regime made this Kuomintang lieutenant general known for his "simplicity and honesty" have no choice but to come to Changchun, which was destined to become a "dead city". In fact, this is the third time that Zheng Dongguo has received a letter from Chiang Kai-shek to break out of the siege. The first time was on October 10, when Chiang Kai-shek sent a plane to airdrop a paper order to Zheng Dongguo, telling him that it was no longer possible to continue airdropping food to Changchun, and ordered the Changchun defenders to break through to the east, and then transfer to the camp east of Fushun to manage the exit. to Shenyang.After Zheng Dongguo received the order, he immediately consulted with the main generals of the New Seventh Army and the Sixtieth Army.The generals of the two armies agreed that Changchun had been trapped for several months. Due to long-term hunger and malnutrition, many officers and soldiers had swollen legs and feet that made it difficult to walk. How can I walk a hundred miles away?Breaking out is clearly a dead end.Finally, Zheng Dongguo replied to Chiang Kai-shek, stated the opinions of the generals, and advocated not to break out for the time being. Two days later, Chiang Kai-shek sent another telegram, urging Zheng Dongguo to lead his troops to break out of the siege.After discussing with everyone, Zheng Dongguo called Chiang Kai-shek and emphasized that under the current situation, if he forced a breakout, Changchun's 100,000 troops would be wiped out halfway, but he still did not agree to break out. October 15th was the third telegram Zheng Dongguo received from Chiang Kai-shek ordering him to break out of the encirclement.Zheng Dongguo held the telegram and personal letter from Chiang Kai-shek in his hand, like holding a red-hot iron, with a painful and restless expression. Of Chiang Kai-shek's telegrams, one was more severe in tone than the other, and the third simply used "military sanctions" to force him to carry out the order to break out of the encirclement.Zheng Dongguo tossed and turned all night, finally decided to obey Chiang Kai-shek's order and led his troops to break through. By early October 1948, 14,000 of the 100,000 troops belonging to Zheng Dongguo, who was besieged in Changchun City, had surrendered to the PLA.Jung Dong-kook later recalled: What troubled me the most during the siege was the food problem.Because of the blockade of the People's Liberation Army, the food sources of the four townships were cut off.Only relying on airdrops by planes is not only a small number, but also because the Air Force had conflicts with the new Seventh Army when it was stationed in Changchun. Now they are asked to drop food by air, and they take an irresponsible attitude. Throwing was not in accordance with the prescribed method, and a lot of food was mistakenly thrown on the positions of the People's Liberation Army outside the city.The officers and soldiers were very annoyed when they saw it. On October 19, Zheng Dongguo, deputy commander-in-chief of the enemy's Northeast "Suppression General" and commander of the First Corps, led an army to surrender to me, and we liberated Changchun without bloodshed.This is the situation when Zheng Dongguo (middle) arrived in Harbin. The stock of grain in the market is dwindling, coupled with market speculation, the price of grain is rising day by day, the market is chaotic, and people's hearts are uneasy.Even the officers of the new Seventh Army joined in the speculation.They have been stationed in Changchun for a relatively long time, and they have been engaged in private and fraudulent activities on weekdays, and they have grain.As for the Sixtieth Army newly transferred from Yongji, food is even more difficult. ... At first, sorghum rice was only a few yuan per catty, but later it rose to 100 million yuan per catty.Bills of 10,000 yuan delivered by plane (airdrop) are useless.The Changchun Branch of the Central Bank had to issue promissory notes. The face value was initially hundreds of thousands of yuan per piece, and later increased to several billion yuan, or even tens of billions of yuan per piece.The tax revenue in the city is not enough to cover the food expenses of the tax staff, which disturbs the people in vain and does not help the finances. I simply cancel all taxes temporarily today.At one point I tried to evacuate the population of the city, but instead of succeeding, it caused much confusion and death.More and more people starved to death in the city, and some fell down while walking on the road.In some streets, dead bodies lie everywhere, and no one is buried.There was even a tragic incident of selling human flesh, but at that time it was impossible to trace who did it.In addition, there are even more people who get sick from eating bean cakes, bark, grass roots, etc.The tragic scene is unbearable, and Changchun City has become an eerie world. Long Yao, who once served as the major general and division commander of the 21st Division of the 60th Army, described the besieged Changchun City in this way: Changchun under siege lacked electricity, factories shut down, trams stopped running, there was no lighting, coal could not be brought in, and heating could not be heated. Even the fuel for cooking had to be maintained by digging asphalt roads and demolishing high-rise buildings.Especially the food problem is more serious. The food of the 100,000 defenders relies on weak airdrop supplies, which is far from meeting the needs, and the airdrops often stop.The troops killed and ate all the horses and horses, and the soldiers were dizzy and dizzy with hunger. Countless people died of starvation and disease, and their combat power was greatly weakened.The Airlift Command, headed by Yang Youmei, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Corps Command, adopted a method of favoring each other and favoring each other in the distribution of airdropped food.The new Seventh Army of Chiang Kai-shek's direct line was allocated a lot, while a little was randomly allocated to the Sixtieth Army of the local miscellaneous troops.In order to save their lives, the various troops robbed and hid the grains that fell in the defense area, and sent teams to search for grains to forcibly search for rare grains among the people.Hundreds of thousands of Changchun citizens are struggling with starvation and death.The bark and grass roots were all eaten up, and corpses piled up in various parks in the urban area, the stench was suffocating, and there was even a tragedy of selling human flesh. It was under such circumstances that Zeng Zesheng led the 60th Army to revolt the day after the People's Liberation Army captured Jinzhou. Zeng Zesheng, then commander of the 60th Army of the Kuomintang Army, later wrote an article detailing the whole process of leading the uprising. The following is an excerpt: In September 1948, the city of Changchun was in chaos.The army survived on only a meager amount of airdropped food. The soldiers were pale and hungry, and their morale was low.The common people ate up all the grass roots and bark, the old people starved to death by the roadside, and the children foraged in the garbage dumps in groups, tearing each other desperately for a rotten vegetable leaf.Changchun has become a hell on earth. At that time, there were three paths before the 60th Army: one was to stick to Changchun, and the result was that the city would be destroyed and wiped out; , to participate in the revolution, to atone for the people, the only way to survive.Which way to go?This was a major event that hovered in my mind all day long, and it was also a major event that hovered in the hearts of all officers and soldiers in the army. On the evening of the 22nd, I paced back and forth anxiously in the office of the Changchun Middle Council Building (then the 60th Army Headquarters), thinking about the future and the way out of the army.For the sake of the future of 30,000 officers and soldiers and more than 100,000 ordinary people, I must take the road of opposing Chiang's uprising and atonement to the people!Thinking of this, I checked my watch that it was 9 o'clock, picked up the phone, and said to Bai Zhaoxue, the commander of the 182nd Division: "Mr. Bai? Come to me right away, and you must be there at 10 o'clock!" After that, I went to look for Mr. Long Yao, the temporary 21st division. At 10 o'clock, the two teachers, Bai and Long, came to me by car. Both of them are very strange: it's so late, what are you asking them for?Long Yao asked me as soon as he entered the room: "Commander, is there an emergency?" I shook my head and pointed to the sofa to invite them to sit down. Seeing that I was frowning and unhappy, Teacher Bai asked me again with concern: "Is there another conflict with the New Seventh Army?" ?For a while, the two of them were confused, and each made a fire and smoked a cigarette and remained silent, waiting for me to speak. Seeing the way they looked, I didn't know how to speak. After a while, Bai Zhaoxue couldn't help but asked: "Mr. Commander, we have been in trouble together for many years, and we have been confiding in each other on weekdays. Is there anything not to say today?" I don’t know where to start.” Long Yao interjected and asked, “What’s the matter?” I said, “It’s about the future of the army, the way out. We’ve talked a lot in the past, and I invite you here tonight to discuss and decide what we should do. What should I do?" Before I finished speaking, Long Yao said: "What are you discussing! Let the commander decide what to do!" His attitude was very sincere and his tone was very firm. Master Bai bowed his head in silence, not knowing what he was thinking.Originally, I wanted to make my own decision right away, but seeing Bai Zhaoxue's appearance, I changed my tone and said, "This is a major issue that affects the future of the entire army, and it's better for everyone to discuss and decide." I asked again: "Zhaoxue, what's your opinion?" He nodded in agreement, and said, "Yes, more research is needed to be sure." But Long Yao always showed impatience, and said: "Mr. Zuo, what is your result of your consideration, what's your opinion?" I thought, both of them are my old colleagues. We often exchange opinions, even if I propose an anti-Chiang uprising, and they disagree, it’s okay, so they just said bluntly: "I think we should lead our troops to anti-Chiang uprising!" Long Yao heard , got excited, and said, "I've thought you would make such a decision for a long time! Our Sixty Army has been too angry with the KMT's direct line all these years. Squeeze out, discriminate, divide, monitor, have bad equipment, and low treatment. Sending death to lead the battle , Retreat as a cover, they receive the reward, and we carry it. I have had enough of this kind of uselessness. I support the uprising!" However, Bai Zhaoxue agreed to oppose Chiang, but he suggested that after the troops were pulled out, they should lay down their weapons and return to the fields.He said sadly: "I joined the army when I was young, and I wanted to serve the country and the people and defend Anbang. But for decades, what I have seen is killing each other... We repeatedly talked about the crimes of the Chiang Kai-shek clique that harmed the country and the people, the current difficult situation of the army, and the pain in each person's heart, until 3 o'clock in the middle of the night.Long and Bai insisted on their own views and argued endlessly.I was afraid that the two of them would be hurt if they continued to argue like this, so I stopped and said, "Think about it again, everyone. If you can't make a decision today, let's study it tomorrow!" When they left, it was almost 5 o'clock, and I was lying on the bed, too excited to fall asleep.In the morning, I took the bus to the 182nd Division very early, and saw Master Bai reclining on the sofa tiredly, with bloodshot eyes, as if suffering from a serious illness.He wanted to stand up when he saw me, but I hurriedly pressed him to lie down. He said hoarsely: "I came back from you and kept my eyes open, thinking about the dawn." I smiled and asked him: "How do you think?" He looked distressed, and I couldn't help pity him for a while. I said: "Zhaoxue, our Yunnan army has a glorious history of protecting the law, begging Yuan, and supporting the republic. The predecessors of the 182nd Division participated in those glorious uprisings, do you know?" The glorious history of the army, It touched his pain today even more, and he said sadly: "Why don't you know, why are you still mentioning those now!" I said: "Look, how is Chiang Kai-shek today compared to Yuan Shikai back then!" He replied angrily, "It's worse!" I took advantage of the situation and asked him further: "Then why didn't you agree to the uprising?" He looked at me silently for a long time, then suddenly got up and grabbed my hand and said, "Sir, I agree with you!" I was so excited that I quickly wiped away the tears of excitement with my hands, squeezed his hand tightly and said: "Okay, let's make a decision like this!" Before leaving, I told him: "From now on, you, Long Yao and I will always Keep in touch, and draw up specific action steps for the uprising. The location of the meeting needs to be changed more often, and I will inform you shortly. Things must be kept absolutely secret.” At that time, together with the Sixtieth Army defending Changchun, there was also the newly formed Seventh Army of Chiang Kai-shek's direct line troops.The two armies took Zhongshan Road (now Stalin Avenue) as the boundary, the Sixtieth Army guarded the eastern half, and the New Seventh Army guarded the western half.The uprising of the 60th Army must first deal with the obstruction and sabotage of Zheng Dongguo and the New Seventh Army. On October 3 and 4, the New Seventh Army attacked in the green garden area west of Changchun, fighting trapped beasts, causing heavy casualties and no progress. On the afternoon of the 14th, Zheng Dongguo called me to find the Corps Headquarters, and proposed that the 60th Army send a regiment to cooperate with the New Seventh Army to attack.I wanted to test Zheng's attitude, so I said: "At present, the morale of the army is low, and the Communist army is surrounded tightly outside the city, and it is impossible to break out. Attacking will only increase casualties." Zheng listened very disapprovingly, and asked angrily: "Are we just sitting there waiting to die?" I still said pessimistically: "Anyway, our 60th Army has no hope!" What I was talking about was the actual situation, and Zheng Dongguo felt that he could not refute it, so he said a few words indifferently: "It is up to people to plan things, and it is up to heaven to make things happen." He still insisted that we send a regiment to cooperate with the New Seventh Army to attack . I saw that his determination to attack was very firm, so I didn't say any more.At this time, I thought to myself: He would not approve of the uprising, and he must not be allowed to know now. The next day, I sent the 545th Regiment of the 182nd Division to perfunctory and attack in the Balipu area to cooperate with the New Seventh Army. During the attack, Zheng Dongguo and Li Hongchang, commander of the New Seventh Army, came to my command post (Kangde Flour Mill) to inquire about the situation. On the 7th, Zheng Dongguo came to my command post, and I resolutely pointed out to him: "The officers and soldiers have no food to eat, and they can't rush forward when they are hungry. Moreover, the casualties in the three-day attack are too large. The troops can no longer fight, and must withdraw tonight!" "Zheng Dongguo asked Li Hong, and Li Hong also said that he would withdraw.Zheng Dongguo had no choice but to agree and said: "Let's withdraw!" After finishing speaking, he sat on the sofa and sighed. The facts were very clear: defending is waiting for death; breaking through is hopeless; there is only one way-revolt. Since Bai Zhaoxue also expressed his support for the uprising on the morning of September 23, Long and Bai and I have been secretly planning and preparing for the uprising. At 10 o'clock in the morning on the 16th, I was eating, and the adjutant reported: "Commander Zheng called, please go to the army immediately." phone, turned to me and said, "Commander Zheng invites the commander to speak." I picked up the receiver, and Zheng Dongguo said in a hasty tone: "Commander Zeng, there is something urgent, come here right away!" At this moment, I thought to myself: Why is it so urgent? Zheng Dongguo never announced the meeting in the morning, did he leak the news?I deliberately procrastinated and said, "I'm eating." But Zheng still insisted: "The situation is very urgent, you will come right away!" The more urgent he was, the more confused I became.But there was still a perfunctory thing to do, so I had to go, so I had no choice but to reply, "Well, I'll leave after I finish this bowl of rice, is that okay?" He agreed. After Zheng Dongguo put down the phone, I immediately asked Mr. Bai and Master Long if Zheng Dongguo had contacted them. They were both taken aback, and hurriedly asked if something happened to the person I contacted. I told them: "Nothing happened, it's just that Zheng Dongguo called me just now and asked me to go, and he was rushed. This has never happened before, so we have to guard against it." They said that Zheng Dongguo didn't ask them to go, so I was relieved a little, and told them: "I'll go to the Corps Headquarters. Before I come back, the sky will fall, and neither of you is allowed to leave the army. If Zheng Dongguo detains me , you still act according to the original plan.” As soon as I got out of the car at the Corps Headquarters, Zheng Dongguo's adjutant told me: "The commander is waiting for you in his office." I walked in with an uneasy mood, preparing for the worst, but still pretending to be calm on the surface calm. After I finished reading "On behalf of electricity", Zheng Dongguo took out Chiang Kai-shek's autographed letter for me to read, and said solemnly: "Jinzhou has been cut off today, and the situation is unknown." After speaking, he sighed again, feeling uneasy in the office walking around. It turns out that all the worries I had before coming here have been completely eliminated at this time.I put the "daidian" and Chiang Kai-shek's letter aside, and asked, "What is the commander planning to do?" He said: "I can only act according to the order. I plan to start operations tonight, attack from all directions tomorrow, and break out the day after tomorrow (18th). What's your opinion?" I said: "Okay. But the morale of the troops is low, break out, There is no hope for the Sixtieth Army." After hearing this, Zheng remained silent. I asked him again: "Which way do you plan to take?" He said: "Take the line from Yitong and Shuangyang... If you can't get out, you will take Changbai Mountain." I couldn't help laughing at his naive idea, and I said, "You still want to fight guerrillas under the Communist Party!" Zheng Dongguo just sighed and didn't say anything. The 60th Army of the Kuomintang in Changchun, which was trapped in a tight siege and had no hope of escape, declared an uprising on October 17 under the deterrence and political struggle of our army's rapid capture of Jinzhou.This is Xiao Jinguang (middle), the commander of the First Corps, and Xiao Hua (left), the political commissar, meeting with General Zeng Zesheng (right) I had no intention of staying here because I had an uprising in my heart. I sat silently for a while, then got up and said goodbye: "There will be a meeting in the afternoon to discuss how to act. I will send Chief of Staff Xu to participate. He can decide everything on my behalf. I have understood everything. Follow the commander's decision." Seeing him nodding, I left immediately. After leaving Zheng Dongguo's place, I took a car to Li Hong, the commander of the New Seventh Army, and tried to persuade him to revolt.Li Hongzheng suffered from typhoid fever and developed a high fever.I came out of his bedroom, went to the reception room, and walked into his bedroom from the reception room. I entered and exited several times, hesitating, should I tell him about our uprising?After another thought: no!They are Chiang Kai-shek's direct troops, and our uprising has not been properly contacted, so we can't tell him lightly and ask for trouble.As soon as I cleared my mind, I got in the car and went back to the military headquarters. It was already afternoon when I came back from Li Hong's place, but Zhang Bingchang and Li Zhengxian still hadn't returned to the city, so I was fidgeting in the office.The uprising was originally scheduled to start that night, but it was already past two o'clock in the afternoon, and the contact person still did not come back.And Zheng Dongguo arranged to implement his breakout deployment that night, what should we do?The more I think about it, the more anxious I become. After finally staying up until dusk, Zhang Bingchang and Li Zhengxian finally opened the door and entered.I rushed forward to hold their hands, and asked urgently, "Have you got in touch?" Seeing their happy faces, I immediately said happily, "We must be in touch!" Zhang Bingchang smiled and nodded. , told me: "The People's Liberation Army welcomes our uprising!" The People's Liberation Army accepted our uprising, and I called immediately to tell Master Bai and Long the news.Commander Long excitedly shouted at me on the phone: "Army seat, let's do it now!" I also told him excitedly: "I will go to your place right away and speak to the officers above the battalion." Before going to the temporary formation of the 21st Division, I sent Li Zuo, the deputy commander of the 182nd Division, and Ren Xiaozong, the deputy division commander of the temporary 21st Division, as our official representatives, to go out of the city to further communicate with the PLA. Discuss matters related to the uprising. When I arrived at the Provisional 21st Division, all officers above the battalion commander had arrived, filling a small conference room.From the shallower to the deeper, in an inductive way, from the political situation in front of me, I talked about the contradiction between the Sixty Army and Chiang Kai-shek's direct line, and then explained the situation of the Sixty Army.Finally I said: "Brothers, everyone is very sorry for the situation in Changchun. You are called here today to discuss a solution. What should we do?" My speech surprised many people (mainly officers at the battalion level).After a while, no one got up to speak, and everyone was very restrained.I smiled and asked, "What should you do when you express your opinions?" There was still silence. After a while, someone said loudly: "We will do what the commander ordered!" Everyone echoed: "Yes! The commander gave the order, and we will do it!" I said, "No, this is not the order. This is a major matter related to the future of the officers and soldiers of the entire army, and everyone should consider it, so as not to have any ambiguity in the future!" Everyone insisted that I make a decision, and I insisted that everyone discuss and decide.Pushing back and forth, delayed a lot of time. Finally someone had the courage to speak up.He advocated "immediately break out to Shenyang." I immediately rejected this opinion and said: "No, we will be wiped out long ago if we don't reach Shenyang." Someone gave the head shot, and the speeches gradually became active.Some people advocated: "Serve the country with loyalty, and fight to the last man." Some people advocated: "Defend Changchun to the death and wait for reinforcements."... But no one proposed an "uprising." I looked around the room full of people, all of them were from Yunnan Paozhe, who were forced by Chiang Kai-shek to fight the civil war in the Northeast. , there is no way to go in front of them, and everyone has their own concerns.I know them, they don't mention "revolt", it's not that they don't want to revolt. So, I was even more inspired and said: "Standing and waiting for help is tantamount to waiting for death; Chiang Kai-shek has harmed the country and the people, bullied and slaughtered our 60th Army, and has nothing but grudges against us. Why should we give him 'loyalty to serve the country'" What should we do? Everyone should think more about it: "Everyone was silent for a while. Suddenly, a person stood up and said: "I stand for an uprising, oppose Chiang Kai-shek, and go with the Communist Party!" At this time, everyone focused their eyes on him, and then turned to look at my reaction. I immediately said with certainty: "This is a way to go, and I agree with this opinion!" The mood in the venue suddenly became active.I asked: "Do you agree to the uprising?" They all replied in unison: "Yes!" Commanders Long and Yao stood up at this moment, faced me and said loudly: "Report to the military seat, we temporarily organize the 21st Division The teacher agrees with the uprising, please issue an order." People stood up in a clamor, and I solemnly said to everyone: "Now, I declare: the 60th Army is in an uprising! Commander Long Yao immediately commanded the provisional 21st Division to deploy defenses against the New Seventh Army." After leaving the provisional 21st Division, I went directly to the headquarters of the 182nd Division.I said to the two division commanders Bai and Long: "The 21st Temporary Division has decided to revolt. I agree with them. What should you do?" They also unanimously expressed their support for the uprising.Immediately the division also deployed its defenses to the New Seventh Army. I ordered the two division commanders Bai and Long: "If the New Seventh Army wants to destroy us, we must fight them resolutely! We have the People's Liberation Army as our backing, so we are not afraid of them!" I came back from the 182nd Division and called Li Song, the commander of the temporary 52nd Division: "Mr. Li? I have something to inform you. At 11 o'clock tonight, you will bring three regiment leaders to my place." Come to the military meeting." I also emphatically told him: "Be sure to arrive on time!" I waited until I heard him tell the switchboard of the division headquarters: "We want the third regiment headquarters!" before I put down the phone. It was already 9 o'clock in the evening.我把副官长张维鹏找来，对他说：“起义行动，一切都准备就绪了，就是暂编第五十二师还没有安排。” 这个师是杜聿明派来监视我们的。李嵩平日就拒绝我过问他们师的事。他不会同意起义，更不会听从我的命令。但是暂编第五十二师又正驻在我们两个师中间，是我们起义的障碍。 现在，要让你去解决这件事情。张维鹏问：“怎样解决？” 我说：“我已经通知李嵩带着他的3个团长，11点钟到这里来开会，到时你就将他们扣留。告诉他们：六十军起义了，要他们命令他们的副师长、副团长听从指挥，随我行动。不然，他们的生命掌握在我们手里！”张维鹏站起来说：“懂了，我一定办好！” 夜10时，我正在向军部和直属部队营以上军官动员起义，副官向我报告说：“李师长和3个团长来了”我说：“你请副官长陪他们一会儿。”我又继续动员。11点多钟，张维鹏高兴地跑来报告：“军座，一切都办妥帖了。”他笑着对我讲了经过。按计划顺利地扣押了第五十二师的师长、团长，他们的副师长、副团长也都规规矩矩地表示服从命令，随全军起义。 听完张维鹏的报告后，我立即抓起电话对第五十二师副师长欧阳午说：“做好行动准备，接到命令就开始行动！”他连声回答：“是！”而且把他对张维鹏表示的“服从指挥，拥护起义”的态度，又向我重复了一番。 随后，我又打电话问陇耀和白肇学，监视暂编第五十二师的兵力布置好了没有？他们说早已布置就绪。此时，对暂编第五十二师的控制有了一个眉目，我心里又多了一分轻松。 处理过暂编第五十二师的事，已经是后半夜的1点钟了。为能顺利地指挥全军起义行动，我把自己的指挥所移到了裕昌源面粉厂——第五四五团团部，这个团的团长朱光云，思想倾向进步，起义的态度很坚决。 在蜡烛光下我给郑洞国和李鸿各写了一信，总想劝他们与第六十军一致行动。给郑洞国的信原文是： 桂庭司令钧鉴： 长春被围，环境日趋艰苦，士兵饥寒交迫，人民死亡载道，内战之惨酷，目击伤心。今日时局，政府腐败无能，官僚之贪污横暴，史无前例，豪门资本凭借权势垄断经济，极尽压榨之能事，国民经济崩溃，民不聊生。此皆蒋介石政府祸国殃民之罪恶，有志之士莫不痛心疾首。察军队为人民之武力，非为满足个人私欲之工具，理应救民倒悬。今本军官兵一致同意，以军事行动，反对内战，打倒蒋氏政权，以图挽救国家于危亡，向人民赎罪，拔自身于泥淖。 公乃长春军政首长，身系全城安危。为使长市军民不作无谓牺牲，长市地方不因战火而糜烂，望即反躬自省，断然起义，同襄义举，则国家幸甚，地方幸甚。谒诚奉达，敬候赐复，并祝 戎绥！ 曾泽生敬启。 给李鸿的信，内容基本一样。 17日晨，天尚未明，即派政工处长姜弼武把信先送郑洞国，后送李鸿。姜弼武回来后报告说：“见到郑洞国本人了，他们正在开会，乱糟糟的。郑洞国看完信回答说：“曾军长要起义，请他自己考虑，要我和他一路，我不能干！ '" 国民党第六十军军长曾泽生起义抵达哈尔滨车站时，受到群众的欢迎 上午，郑洞国派他的副参谋长杨友梅、长春市长尚传道、省府秘书长崔垂言来见我。为了不让他们知道我的指挥位置，就叫他们到第五四六团团部，我在那里接见他们。 杨友梅见到我就赔笑说：“郑司令官因职务累身，不便前来，派我们多多拜致副司令官，希望副司令官再从长计议。”我说：“我们什么都计议好了，就是反蒋起义！”尚传道忙接过去说：“郑司令官讲，过去哪些事情办得不好，请副司令官多提出来。今后的事情，请副司令官多做主张。总希望副司令官从长计议，顾全大局。” 我说：“六十军此举完全是为了拯救自身，拯救长春十几万老百姓，非与郑司令官有隙。假如郑司令官有这样看法，还请诸位回去多作解释。” 杨友梅又说：“副司令官，军人这样做，是不够恰当吧！”我立刻很生气地驳斥他说：“你们说我背叛，对吗？我们背叛无义，走向正义，难道不应该吗？”崔垂言见我变了脸，慌忙解围说：“杨参谋长的意思，是劝副司令官从长计议。”尚传道也在一旁帮腔：“对，对，就是这个意思。” 几个人把我纠缠得很不耐烦。正在这时，有人报告我：解放军代表己经来了。 我急于回指挥所，于是很干脆地对杨友梅他们说：“我们已经决心起义。请你们转告郑先生，假如他们愿和六十军一起行动，我完全负责代为联络；假如他要想先把六十军剿灭再突围，也只有听便！” 说完，我手向外一指说：“你们走吧！”临走时，杨友梅还讨好地说：“这些问题，我负责在下午答复副司令官。” 从第五四六团团部回到裕昌源，解放军代表刘浩正在等我。我们热情地紧握着手，刘浩说：“解放区军民，正忙着准备热烈欢迎你们呢！” 刘浩也是云南人，很直爽，很热情，谈了一阵我们就熟了。他笑着对我说：“曾军长，去年夏天六十军在吉林的时候，我就到过吉林，还和陇师长会面交谈过，那时我就劝你们起义。”我说：“这是大势所趋，人心所向，不能不如是耳！”相对笑了一阵，他又告诉我：“杨滨，就是给你当过副官长的杨重，现在长春外围，他让我问候你。” 杨重，是我过去的副官长兼特务营营长，1947年秋天才离开第六十军的。到这时，我才确实知道。原来他是一个共产党员。从刘浩谈话里还知道：在六十军内，从1938年就建立了中共地下党组织，党员不少，做了许多工作，连我设临时指挥所这个团的副团长赵国璋，也是共产党员，无怪乎团长朱光云拥护起义积极。原来，这次起义的发动十分顺利，得地下党的暗中帮助不少。 10月17日下午，刘浩陪我出城到了解放军围城兵团政治部，唐天际将军对我表示热情的欢迎。我们抓紧时间，当面展开军用地图，把部队交防及撤向解放区后方的具体安排确定后，于黄昏时又赶回我的指挥所，立即布置当夜行动。入夜后，第六十军部队认真地将防地交给解放军入城接防部队，我和刘浩乘车到各团巡视后，即随部队撤出长春，沿公路开往九台地区集结休整。 天亮后，我们部队正走在路上，蒋介石就派飞机轰炸我们。这是我们预料之中的事。由于有所防备，部队既未惊慌混乱，也没有遭到什么损失，只是一些无辜的老百姓遭了殃。蒋介石的狠毒手段，更增添了官兵们的愤慨。我们进入解放区后，老百姓和解放军同志，早烧好了开水，做好了早饭，热情地迎接我们。 东北人民解放军首长及肖劲光、肖华等一兵团的首长，对我们这支起义部队给予了无微不至的关怀照顾，官兵们都感到是来到了一个新的天地，无不十分激动。 1949年元旦刚过，中国人民解放军总部发布命令，把我带的这支起义部队完整地改编为中国人民解放军第五十军，我仍任军长。 曾泽生率第六十军起义，大大出乎郑洞国的意料。10月16日晚，睡梦中的郑洞国被一阵急促的电话铃声惊醒，兵团司令部值班军官向他报告：六十军有异动。 郑洞国听到这一消息后，大吃一惊，急忙穿衣起床，打电话把这一情况通报给第一兵团副参谋长杨友梅，令他设法弄清六十军的动向。 午夜时分，新七军副军长史说、参谋长龙国钧、新三十八师师长陈鸣等慌慌张张来到郑洞国的办公室报告说，六十军可能发生了突变，所有的电话联系都中断了。 郑洞国为证实这一情况，亲自给六十军打电话，电话铃声响了很久，就是没有人接。郑洞国预感六十军肯定是投向解放军去了，垂头丧气地对史说等人说：“算了吧，他们要怎么干，就由他们去吧！” 史说有些紧张地问：“那突围的事怎么办？我的部队已按计划开始调动了。” 郑洞国苦笑了一下说：“现在还谈什么突围？你赶快命令部队立刻撤回原防地，并迅速向六十军防区派出警戒。” 在史说等走后，多少还有些不死心的郑洞国，一次又一次地往六十军军部挂电话，希望能得到确切的消息。电话最后总算是挂通了，接电话的是六十军政工处长姜弼武。姜弼武对郑洞国说：“司令官，曾军长命我转告您，六十军已决定光荣起义。如果司令官赞成我们的主张，欢迎您和我们一同起义；如果您不赞成，我们也不勉强，就各行其是好了。” 郑洞国还想找曾泽生讲话，但被姜弼武给拒绝了。第二天，第六十军起义的消息传遍了整个长春市。杨友梅、史说、龙国钧、长春市长尚传道等都跑到郑洞国这里来打探消息。这时，姜弼武按照曾泽生的命令，给郑洞国送来了他的亲笔信。 郑洞国看完信后，心情复杂，明知大势已去，但仍一心想为蒋介石尽忠。他把信放到桌子上，冷冷地对姜弼武说：“信我留下了，恕不作复。请你回去转告曾军长，他要起义，请他考虑，要我和他走一路，我不干！” 随后，郑洞国把这封信的内容电告了沈阳的卫立煌，并请示新七军该如何行动。10月17日下午，卫立煌按照蒋介石的命令，电令郑洞国于次日上午率部队从六十军防地向城外突围，届时将派飞机轰炸掩护。 郑洞国接到电令后，把新七军的主要将领和兵团司令部的高级军官召集到一起，研究突围计划。郑洞国后来讲述当时开会的情景说： ……到会的人哭丧着脸，默默无言。我再三要他们发表意见，只有我的一个老部下，新编第七军暂编第六十一师师长邓士富站起来说：“目前情况，突围已不可能，我建议暂时维持现状，以后再徐图别策吧。”我只好采纳他的意见。这一天，我感到很彷徨，非常苦闷。对当前局面如何维持，毫无办法，真是度日如年。 10月17日拂晓，我占领长春警备司令部督察处后，市民主动向我军报告敌情 第六十军的起义，对新七军的官兵产生了强烈的震撼。10月18日晨，当新七军的官兵睁开眼睛后，惊讶地发现，长春市东半部市区已经被解放军占领，他们已处于解放军枪口和大炮的直接威胁之下。新七军官兵的士气更加低落，思想上已被解除武装。暂六十一师第二团团长姚风翔神情沮丧地对自己的亲信说：“反正大势已去，整个防御体系已一劈两半了，枪口朝着自己的屁股，既不能再守，也无法再逃，除了起义、投降，就是死路。” 新七军军长李鸿（1903-1988），湖南湘阴人，1927年7月毕业于黄埔军校。1928年任陆军教导师工兵连连长；1937年，淞沪会战中升任营长；1940年任税警总团干部教练所教育长兼学兵团团长；1941年税警总团改编成新三十八师，李鸿任该师一一四团团长；1944年任新三十八师师长。李鸿的辉煌时期是在缅甸战场上，曾被誉为“东方蒙哥马利”、“常胜将军”。抗日战争胜利后，李鸿率新三十八师进入广州。1946年2月，李鸿奉命率新三十八师开赴东北，参加内战。1947年4月，李鸿任新一军副军长；同年8月，出任新七军军长，固守长春。1948年3月，六十军放弃吉林，移驻长春，形成新七军与六十军共同防守长春的局面。 在东北我军对长春实行长围久困的过程中，特别是9月中旬辽沈战役的炮声打响后，六十军军长曾泽生已开始考虑起义的问题，并且迅速下定起义的决心后，便精心部署起义的问题。而新七军军长李鸿却病卧在床，不理军务，将军务交由副军长史说代理。 由于李鸿不理军务，所以当六十军起义后，新七军军部没有形成一致意见时，其所属部队便各行其是了。 在解放军的包围进逼和强大的政治攻势下，新七军前沿阵地的官兵纷纷自动向解放军缴械投降。面对部队的混乱状况，新七军副军长史说束手无策。正当他彷徨不定、一筹莫展之际，前来探望他的天津《民国日报》驻长春特派记者杨治兴趁机进言说：“目前突围和困守都没有前途，您是否有意声明率部退出内战，与解放军商议停战呢？” 史说和新七军的其他将领知道军心早已涣散，这个仗是没办法再打下去了，但他们又碍于郑洞国的面子，不敢自做主张放下武器。听杨治兴这么一说，史说不禁问道：“不知桂公意下如何？” 杨治兴因急于促进长春和平解放，根据郑洞国平日私下里对他说过的对国民党腐败不满的一些言论，以自己的判断佯称：“桂公也有此意，不过依他的身份怎么好出面讲这种话呢？” 史说误以为杨治兴是郑洞国派来传递信息的，当即高兴地说：“既然桂公同意了，那一切都好办了！” 在新七军中层以下官兵主动与东北我军联系时，新七军上层将领并不是无动于衷。“史说将一切情况告诉了正在卧病的李鸿，李鸿也很惊慌，要史说召集全军营级以上的部队长开会讨论，征求大家意见，再作决定。”李鸿在此并没有表明或起义，或投诚的态度，而是将这个权力交给了营长以上的军官讨论会，由军官们自己决定自己的命运。 驻长春的国民党新七军的官兵纷纷向我投诚 据新七军参谋长龙国钧回忆，会议于上午10时召开，由史说主持，进行了两个钟头，主张继续突围的人和反对突围的人各执己见，彼此争论，得不出一致的意见。最后考虑到突围后可能的后果，便放弃了突围打算，同意放下武器。 据时任新七军暂编第六十一师二团团长姚凤翔回忆，当晚新七军派代表与东北解放军进行了放下武器的商谈，所确定的内容大致是：新七军放下武器后，东北我军保证新七军官兵生命财产的安全；新七军官兵不参加群众斗争大会，东北我军保障新七军官兵不在群众大会上受斗争；保留新一军接收安插老弱和伤残官兵的农场，并允许自由耕种；新七军官兵愿意参加革命工作的，东北我军应给予工作，对不愿参加革命工作的，应遣送还乡；放下武器的部队，于19日上午在原地集结，听候接收；新七军各部队放下武器后，营以上军官在新七军军部大楼集合，连以下军官在新七军教导总队大楼集合，听候处理。 新七军代表彭克立、宁伟等人将商谈结果带回驻地后，已是19日清晨。 新七军立即向所属部队下达了放下武器的命令。“其实各单位已经早就做好了放下武器的准备，甚至连眷属的行李也都捆好了，还有希望共军早点派代表到他们的单位去提前接收（姚凤翔：《新编第七军放下武器前后》，见《辽沈战役亲历记》，第391页）。 新七军与解放军接洽投诚的事，郑洞国事前毫无所知，完全被蒙在鼓里。被困在银行大楼里的郑洞国，此时已是上天无路，入地无门。 他把长春的情况向东北“剿总”作了报告，不久，奉蒋介石之命来东北收拾残局的杜聿明给自己的老友打来电报，告诉郑洞国，他准备请蒋介石派直升飞机把他接出来，问他有无合适的降落地点。 郑洞国复电：“现在已经来不及了，亦不忍抛离部署而去，只有以死报命。” 但郑洞国的部下却不愿跟随他“以死报命”。 在曾泽生率六十军起义后，东北我军是希望郑洞国率部起义或投诚的。特别是中央军委还考虑到：“郑洞国是东北'剿总'副司令，是黄埔一期生，所率是蒋军嫡系部队，又占据有坚固防御工事的大城市，争取其起义，对全国各大战场的蒋军官兵都是一个极大的震动，有很大的意义”（《肖劲光回忆录》，第402页）。 毛泽东在17日致林彪等的电报中还提到：“郑洞国如能率部起义，可给以宽大待遇。如能公开宣布反美反国民党反动统治，站在我方，则可照六十军办法对待，以影响卫立煌全军。”（《毛泽东军事年谱》，第679页）周恩来于10月18日亲自拟电报给郑洞国，力劝郑洞国起义，其原文如下： 洞国兄鉴： 欣闻曾泽生军长已率部起义，兄亦在考虑中。目前，全国胜负之局已定。远者不论，近1个月，济南、锦州相继解放，20万大军全部覆没，王耀武、范汉杰先后被俘，吴化文、曾泽生相继起义，即足以证明人民解放军必将取得全国胜利已无疑义。兄今孤处危城，人心士气久已背离，蒋介石纵数令兄部突围，但已遭解放军重重包围，何能逃脱。曾军长此次举义，已为兄开一为人民立功自赎之门。届此祸福荣辱决于俄顷之际，兄宜回念当年黄埔之革命初衷，毅然重举反帝反封建大旗，率领长春全部守军，宣布反美反蒋、反对国民党反动统治，赞成土地改革，加入中国人民解放军行列，则我敢保证中国人民及其解放军必将依照中国共产党的宽大政策，不咎既往，欢迎兄部起义，并照曾军长及其所部同等待遇。时机急迫，顾念旧谊，特电促速下决心。望与我前线肖劲光、肖华两将军进行接洽，不使吴化文、曾泽生两将军专美于前也。 Zhou Enlai 10月18日。 周恩来拟了给郑洞国的电