Chapter 11 Chapter Ten "The Suiyuan Way"

Due to the peaceful settlement of the Beiping issue, when Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai met Generals Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan in Xibaipo, they clearly stated that the Suiyuan issue should be resolved in the "Suiyuan way", and the two armies should maintain the status quo and let Dong Qiwu do a good job in internal work until the conditions are ripe. stage an uprising.In addition, trade, transportation, post and telecommunications, and finance will be developed, and the North China People's Government will send people to assist Dong Qiwu in his work.Then, in the report of the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong further elaborated on the "Suiyuan Way".

On January 8, 1949, during the second peace negotiation in Beiping, Fu Fang's representative proposed that Ping, Tianjin, Tang and Sui should be settled together.The Central Military Commission replied that Ping, Tianjin, Tang, and Sui should all be resolved. The Ping, Tianjin issues should be resolved first, and the Sui and Tang issues should be resolved later. On the 16th, during the third negotiation, Nie Rongzhen conveyed the opinion of the Central Military Commission to Deng Baoshan: the Suiyuan issue was prepared to adopt a more moderate approach, which will be resolved in the next step, and he was asked to pass it on to Fu Zuoyi. On the 22nd, the day after Fu Zuoyi announced the agreement on peacefully resolving the Peking issue, Dong Qiwu, director of the North China "Suppression General" Guisui command post, chairman of Suiyuan Province and Suiyuan security commander, flew to Peiping and expressed to Fu Zuoyi that he would follow him. road of peace.

On the night of January 21, 1949, Dong Qiwu heard from the radio in Guisui that Fu Zuoyi had reached a peace agreement with the CCP, announcing the peaceful settlement of the Peking issue.Although Dong Qiwu had expected that such a day would come sooner or later, he still felt a little sudden, which made him both surprised and happy, and a feeling of excitement and uneasiness came to his heart at the same time.After the liberation of Xinbaoan and Zhangjiakou, Dong Qiwu called Beiping twice, but it was not Fu Zuoyi who answered.One was picked up by Wang Kejun, and the other by Yan Youwen. They just told Dong Qiwu: General Fu is very busy and not in a good mood, let him wait for the arrangement, keep the troops in check, and don't mess up. They didn't say anything else.During this period, Dong Qiwu appeared calm on the surface, but he was a little panicked inside.Therefore, as soon as he heard the news of the peaceful liberation of Peking, he wanted to know the details of the peaceful settlement of the Peking issue, and immediately called the Peking headquarters, asking for a plane to pick him up to Peking to have a look.

On January 22, Dong Qiwu got off the plane and went directly to Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai to meet Fu Zuoyi. As soon as Fu saw Dong's face, he said, "What are you doing at such a busy time?" Dong said: "It is at this moment that I want to see you." Fu went on to say: "You came at a good time. Let me tell you about the peaceful liberation of Peking." Fu pondered for a while, and then continued slowly.He started from the end of the Liaoshen Campaign. He talked about his participation in the military conference in Nanjing and what he saw and heard in Nanjing, which made him firm in his determination to break away from Chiang Kai-shek.After returning to Pingping, he got in touch with the CCP through Dongju and sent the first telegram to Mao Zedong, hoping to send representatives to Pingping for negotiations.Then he said that Nanjing sent Xu Yongchang, Jiang Weiguo, and Zheng Jiemin to Pingping, and coerced and coerced him to lead his troops to the south, but he rejected them all.Then, he talked about how he risked three deaths to do the Peking thing.Speaking of this, he emphasized: "The change of the current situation is the trend of the times, the aspiration of the people, the necessity of historical development, the demand of the people, and cannot be reversed by any force. We must keep up with the trend of history, Resolutely follow the path of the people."

After a pause, Fu said again: "After you return to Suiyuan, tell our cadres that during the Anti-Japanese War, it is okay for me to send your family members to Lanzhou and Ningxia. Now, don't look at the liberated places. Small, there are still large places without liberation. The situation is developing, and the whole country will be liberated soon. It is not a good way to send your family members to any place. Unless you have money, send your family members abroad, otherwise, there will be no place for you. " Dong Qiwu has heard Fu Zuoyi say the phrase "follow the people's road" more than once, but this time it has a deeper impression and a wider meaning than any other time. It seems that this time the revelation to him is clearer and the understanding is deeper.At this time, Dong Qiwu asked eagerly: "In that case, why didn't Suiyuan be mentioned in the provisions of the peaceful liberation of Peking?" "The issue of Suiyuan will be decided after I meet Chairman Mao. Commander Nie Rongzhen once said to Mr. Deng (Baoshan): Chairman Mao said that as long as the Beiping issue is resolved peacefully, the Suiyuan issue will be resolved in a more peaceful manner. As for how to ease, I will discuss it after I see Chairman Mao.”

After hearing this, Dong Qiwu stared at Fu anxiously and said, "I have been doing things with you for many years, and I have always obeyed your advice. I will go as you please. However, the situation in Suiyuan is quite complicated. There should be no delay. Arrangements should be made as soon as possible." , so as not to have long nights and dreams." Fu Zuoyi nodded, expressing his agreement with Dong Qiwu's words, and then Fu said: "Such an important matter cannot be done with just a few words. We must make serious preparations, explain the truth to everyone, and recognize the stakes." , for the happiness of the people, for the future of all officers and men, and for the future of each of us, we must follow the people's road."

It was late at night, and Fu Zuoyi and Dong Qiwu hadn't rested yet.Their conversation clarified the whereabouts of Suiyuan. Dong Qiwu asked Mr. Fu to send people to Suiyuan as soon as possible to assist him in changing the thinking of military and political cadres. Fu did not approve or deny Dong's request.After walking around for a long time, he said in a consulting tone: "What do you think of Wei Jinglin?" "Did he return to Beiping after the Battle of Zhangjiakou? It would be great if he was in Beiping. After he arrived in Suiyuan, he could help me with many things and play a big role." Dong Qiwu said confidently.

"He's back to Peiping, and he's at home now, with nothing to do." Fu paused for a moment, and then continued, "Well, I'll ask Wang Zanchen (Director of Personnel Department of Fu Department) to call first and let him know, and then you Give him a call." At about 12 o'clock in the night, Dong Qiwu called Wei Jinglin's home phone and said, "I talked with Mr. Fu for a whole day today, and I made it clear that Suiyuan will also follow the road of Beiping. I will return to Suiyuan tomorrow. Can you please?" Come with me to Suiyuan and help me with some work."

Wei Jinglin said: "I received a call from Wang Zixiang (Wang Zanchen's character), saying that Mr. Fu wanted me to consider whether to go back to Suiyuan with Chairman Dong to help with some uprising work. In my opinion, since Suiyuan is also planning to go to Peiping It’s of little use whether I go or not.” Dong said: "It is the road of uprising, so there are more things. People are needed. The problem is not that simple, and there will be complicated struggles. Besides, after you arrive in Suiyuan, uprising with Suiyuan is also meritorious service. Opportunity." Wei thought for a moment and said, "Well, when will I leave tomorrow? I still have some housework to do. My wife just gave birth, it's only been three days, and she's still in the hospital. I have to go to the hospital and talk to her. "

"Of course, of course. Then I will pick you up by car tomorrow morning, then go to the hospital, come out from the hospital, and go directly to Dongdan to board the plane." In this way, Wei Jinglin followed Dong Qiwu to Suiyuan. On the afternoon of January 28, 1949, in the small meeting room of Dong Qiwu Mansion in the East Hospital of Suiyuan Provincial Government, the military and political leaders of Suiyuan Province were having a meeting. The meeting started at 1:00 pm.Headed by Pan Xiuren, member of the Suiyuan Provincial Party Committee of the Kuomintang and director of the Provincial Construction Department, and Zhang Xiamin, director of the Provincial Department of Finance, Tao Buqi's Suiyuan garrison of the Kuomintang and the Eighth Column of the Northwest Field Army of the People's Liberation Army had an armed conflict as soon as they came up. On the grounds that the East 60 Li area has been completely liberated, Dong Qiwu was asked to act immediately and retreat westward to the Hetao area.They also said: After the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin, the Suidong People's Liberation Army was in high spirits for war, and they all demanded to march westward.Therefore, the whole city of Guisui was already terrified, and the soldiers and civilians were in a mess like ants on a hot pot.According to reports from subordinates, some agencies and units have already begun to burn files and files; some officials and wealthy businessmen, those who have cars, packed up their belongings, brought their families and fled beforehand; At the railway station, they scrambled to take the last train going west and retreated in the direction of Baotou.Everyone knows that there is a lot of food in the rear and it is easy to resupply. Don't those of us who have leadership responsibilities don't even understand this common sense that women and children know?If we don't take advantage of this favorable opportunity to quickly organize the westward retreat of the party, government and army, the consequences will be disastrous, and we will have no face to face the leaders and the party-state! (Wei Jinglin: "The Light of Suiyuan", the eighth series of "Inner Mongolia Literature and History Materials", Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 1982 edition)

The speeches of this group were impassioned, and many of them disrespected Chairman Dong. They deliberately exaggerated the situation and created a tense atmosphere in an attempt to threaten Dong Qiwu's decision to withdraw westward immediately. The other faction, the so-called pro-Fu faction or Fu Zuoyi's direct lineage faction, includes: Meng Zhaodi, deputy director of the command post of the troops stationed in Sui, Wang Xing, chief of staff, Zhang Shizhen, commander of the 7th Independent Division, Zhao Xiaofeng of the 258th Division, Sanyi ○ Teacher Zhang Fuyuan, Wei Jinglin who came to Suiyuan with Dong Youping, Suiyuan Provincial Senate Chairman Zhang Qin, Deputy Speaker Yan Su, High Court President Yu Cunhao, Tumote Banner Chief Rong Xiang and some other local people.They believed that the defeat of the Kuomintang was doomed, and that this was a historical trend that no one could save. Now that the People's Liberation Army was approaching the city, Suiyuan could only follow the way of Beiping and take the road of peaceful liberation, otherwise there would be no way out.One word from you, one word from me, stating the reasons why we cannot retreat westward.Finally, Wang Xing, chief of staff of the command post, summarized everyone's speeches. He said: 1. Judging from the current situation, the Taubqi battle is a partial battle, because other parties have not found signs of the PLA's attack.2. Most of the soldiers in the Suiyuan army were recruited from the local area. They have a very serious sense of the local people. They can be stable for a while without retreating. Once they retreat westward, they will inevitably cause a large number of people to flee, causing the situation to be chaotic and out of control. These people will all become polished commanders.3. There is no danger to defend the area west of Baotou. If you still plan to continue to retreat westward and take refuge in Erma (Ma Hongkui and Ma Bufang), it is even more impossible.The reason why the two horses communicated with us and got in touch with us is because we still have a certain strength and can be their windshield.If we abandon Suiyuan and go to join them, then they will look down on us, even if you kneel to them, you will not take us in.4. If you plan to use the Houtao area as your base, abandon the inherent areas in the Guisui area, and go up the mountain to fight guerrillas, then it will be even more "killing yourself with an axe in front of the door". (Meng Zhaodi, Zhao Xiaofeng: "Fragmented Memories of the September 19th Uprising", Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 1982 edition) Wang Xing's analysis was well-founded, and most of the people present nodded their heads in agreement, and those who had been perplexed by the argument of the main withdrawal faction also came to their senses. In his heart, Chairman Dong Qiwu agreed with Wang Xing's analysis, but on the surface, he did not comment on the speeches of the two factions.He thought to himself, it's good to debate and debate like this, the more the debate, the clearer the matter!Secondly, there was another reason for his reluctance, that is: Anyway, if I don't give orders, no one can pull away the troops and agencies.In the end, he seized the opportunity of the short-term calm and no one to speak, and made a conclusion for the meeting.He said: "Maintain the status quo, do not fight or flee, and watch for changes. Dismiss the meeting!" In early February 1949, shortly after the liberation of Peking, generals such as Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen, and He Long hosted a banquet for General Fu Zuoyi at the Peking Hotel.During the meeting, Lin Biao said to Fu Zuoyi: "During the negotiations in Tong County, it was decided that the Suiyuan issue would be discussed after the liberation of Beiping. Now the central government has decided that the Suiyuan issue should be discussed by He Long and General Fu, and General Fu is asked to designate negotiators." Commander He Long went on to say: "On the part of the People's Liberation Army, Comrades Li Jingquan (then secretary of the Party Committee of the Shanxi-Suibian Border Region and Political Commissar of the Military Region) and Pan Jiwen (then Minister of Urban Engineering of the Party Committee of the Suimeng District) represented the two comrades. The Suiyuan side asked General Fu to designate personnel. Peking to negotiate!" General Fu Zuoyi had already made up his mind, and said without any thought: "Let Wang Kejun, Zhou Beifeng, and Yan Youwen be the representatives." Eight series, Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 1982 edition) Afterwards, representatives of the two sides set up a liaison office in the Peking Hotel and began secret negotiations on the Suiyuan Peace Agreement. In the early stage of secret consultations, the representatives of both sides jointly studied Mao Zedong's several talks on the "Suiyuan Way". The opening of the entire Suiyuan Railway, the circulation and use of RMB throughout Suiyuan, and the mutual dispatch of liaison officers." According to the above-mentioned clauses, the representatives first discussed the issue of an on-the-spot ceasefire between the troops of Commander Yao Zhe of the Suimeng Military Region of the People's Liberation Army and Dong Qiwu's troops. Li Jingquan was the team leader of the negotiations. When representative Fu Fang proposed Dong Qiwu's request for a ceasefire line, Li Jingquan, after contacting the North China Bureau and the Suimeng People's Government, marked a ceasefire line on the 1/50,000th map.This line is planned to be from the back Datan of Yingbei Mountain under Zhuozi Mountain to Lamawan Village on the north bank of the Yellow River in Qingshuihe County.The ceasefire line negotiated with Dong Fang several times, and the opinions were basically the same.The only difference is the ownership of Lamawan Village.Lamawan Village was already a liberated area at that time. Because it was close to the Yellow River, the water was convenient, and the land was fertile, it was very suitable for growing opium. out.For the first time, peace talks have diverged. At this time, He Long and Li Jingquan were about to leave Pingping to go to the front line. The Central Committee decided that the negotiations on the peaceful liberation of Suiyuan should be carried out by Commander Nie Rongzhen and Political Commissar Bo Yibo of the North China Bureau.Due to Li Jingquan's departure, the North China Bureau added Zhang Youyu as a negotiator.From then on, negotiations continued under the leadership of Nie and Bo. At 3 a.m. on March 29, representatives of the two sides continued their talks.At the beginning, Wang Kejun took out a telegram from Dong Qiwu to Fu Zuoyi. The main points of the content were: the comprehensive peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party will start soon. If successful, the Suiyuan issue will be resolved accordingly. Also irrelevant.Now if the two sides send representatives to each other to deal with the problem, there may be accidents and the supply of Suiyuan may be cut off.With regard to various issues concerning transportation and trade, the people can resolve them through mutual consultation on a level basis, and conduct transactions in the identity of the people. After circulating the telegram, the representatives of the Chinese Communist Party became suspicious of the telegram, thinking that it was probably forged by Fu Fang as an excuse to delay the negotiation or bargain. Representative Pan Jiwen immediately expressed dissatisfaction, saying: "We are negotiating with General Fu Zuoyi, and have no direct relationship with General Dong Qiwu. If General Fu thinks he cannot represent General Dong and does not want to continue the negotiation, he can stop the negotiation. If he thinks he can On behalf of General Dong, we are willing to continue the negotiation. We will not refuse to negotiate just because of General Dong’s call, and it is up to General Fu Zuoyi to decide whether to continue the negotiation.” Representative Fu Fang thought over and over again, and finally expressed his willingness to continue the talks, and decided that General Fu would send someone to do Dong's persuasion work. Negotiations continued until April 1, when both sides came up with a draft agreement that had been prepared in advance and negotiated specific items one by one. There were many and intense debates, but consensus was reached on many issues and great progress was made.But there are still five differences: 1. On demarcation, we asked Fu Fang to give up Lama Bay, and Fu Fang stated that Dong Qiwu's consent was required.Fu Fang requested that the 20-mile boundary line drawn north of Wulanhua should extend northward to the national border. We think it is appropriate not to delineate the Mongol area. 2. In terms of transportation, Fu Fang still advocated segmental management of railways, such as unified management, in addition to giving special consideration to Suiyuan, Dong had the right to transport railway vehicles.Our side insists on unified management, but for the latter, we can consider giving Dong the convenience of transportation and the consideration of freight costs. The specific measures will be drawn up by the Ministry of Railways. 3. On the financial issue, Fu Fang proposed that Baiyang should be exchanged with the People's Bank of China Office in Suizhou to Pingjin and other places, and we should take care of it in terms of price comparison. We said that we can do it at our discretion. 4. On the issue of trade, Fu agrees with the results of the previous discussions, but adds that the public trading organizations of both parties must register with the other party's public trading organizations to buy and sell goods from private individuals. 5. Fu Fang asked the North China People's Government to help solve the summer clothing of the Suiyuan troops or to return the cloth received in Beiping from the "suppression of the general" to the Ministry of Dong. We said that this matter is not within the scope of discussion and can only go back to the main Responsibility to reflect. At the end of this negotiation, Fu Fang proposed: If the people's government in Suiyuan is responsible for the government's military and political expenses, the railway can be managed in a unified way; Regarding the problems existing in the negotiations, Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai instructed our negotiators in a timely manner: We should calmly consider their conditions and understand their patriotic aspirations. Their desire to peacefully resolve the Suiyuan issue is dominant, but they also have illusions, Concerns also have their own difficulties, and there are many difficulties and ideas that we don't understand and can't imagine.Therefore, they are allowed to have repeated thoughts and temporarily wait and see and procrastinate, but we must insist on the "Suiyuan way" unchanged. From 5:00 am to 7:00 am on April 9, the representatives of the two sides conducted another negotiation.In this negotiation, the opinions of the two sides tended to be basically the same.Regarding the traffic issue, it was decided to maintain the unified management and take care of the Suiyuan side based on our draft, with minor text changes.However, it is stated in the note: Fu Zuoyi immediately sent people to Sui, and after discussing with Dong, he made the final decision.With regard to the demarcation issue, according to the draft of the two sides, a compromise line will be drawn.Regarding the clothing of the Suiyuan troops, it was decided that Fu Fang would negotiate with Nie and Bo directly. So far, the work of negotiating the agreement has come to an end. On April 27, General Fu Zuoyi sent Zhou Beifeng and Wang Kejun to the North China Bureau to meet Bo Yibo and made three requests: 1. Request that the cloth (it is said to be about 20,000 feet) from the former North China "Suppression General" that we received in Beiping be allocated to Suiyuan troops to make summer clothes; 2. Ask Political Commissar Bo to arrange a time to talk with General Fu; 3. Give Fu two copies of reference information. Political commissar Bo immediately agreed to the second and third of the three questions raised by Zhou and Wang.Only for the first cloth issue, the Central Committee must be consulted to make a decision later. On the morning of the 28th, political commissar Bo Yibo reported the negotiation situation to the central government in detail. After Chairman Mao and Vice Chairman Zhou learned the details, they ordered our representatives to agree to the terms proposed by Fu Fang, and the draft agreement was quickly concluded. In order to speed up the process of Suiyuan, General Fu sent An Chunshan, the former commander of the 104th Army, and Liu Yongsheng, the staff officer of Fu's entourage, to Suiyuan on the second day after the agreement was reached. His general checked the agreement and conveyed General Fu's speech. Fu Zuoyi said: "Chairman Mao instructed: With the peaceful liberation of Beiping, Suiyuan will not need troops. Tell Chairman Dong Qiwu to do a good job of internal work first, and hold an uprising when he thinks it is appropriate. You must understand that Chairman Mao left Suiyuan for the uprising The policy of leniency, unite as one, carry out a complete uprising, do not split the army and cause the people to suffer losses." After listening to Liu Yongsheng and An Chunshan, Dong Qiwu deeply felt that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong's policies on the Suiyuan Uprising were really great and wise. Feel the warmth deep inside.He said: "In the past few months, especially since the secret negotiations on the peaceful liberation of Suiyuan, I have had a lot of worries: if Chiang Kai-shek hears about the peace talks, he will immediately stop the supply of money and supplies to Suiyuan's military and political affairs, causing Suiyuan Suiyuan troops and government staff have difficulties in life and turmoil in the army, and it is not easy to maintain the situation of being far away; second, the Central Department of the Suiyuan troops (formerly the 111th Army and the 12th Cavalry Reorganized Brigade) and miscellaneous troops will provoke troubles to the PLA , causing disadvantages to the implementation of the "Suiyuan Way"; thirdly, I am afraid that the Kuomintang secret agents will provoke dissension, openly sabotage, prolong the uprising time, or affect the complete uprising. Therefore, in the past few months, I have been in the vortex of various contradictions A little carelessness can lead to chaos and internal divisions.” Dong Qiwu said: "As for the people of all ethnic groups in Suiyuan and the soldiers of the army, they welcome peace. Most of the lower-level cadres oppose civil war and prefer peace. Liberation’s distortions and rumors, many people don’t understand the Communist Party, and they have a series of concerns about whether they trust themselves, whether to use it, whether to count it as an old account in history, and whether their personal safety is guaranteed. Among the middle and upper-level cadres, There are a few people who have antagonism, fear and emotion. If the peaceful liberation of Suiyuan is suddenly proposed, unexpected events will occur, which will affect the smooth progress of the uprising. Therefore, we must make the best use of the situation, from top to bottom, from the shallower to the deeper, relying on the Communist Party and the The support of progressives must also maintain the balance of forces among the various factions; it is necessary to limit the sabotage activities of spies to ensure the safety of progressives and the stability of social order, and dare not publicly arrest and suppress spies such as Zhang Qingen. Therefore, my The work and the situation are very difficult and complicated. However, Chairman Mao Zedong and Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai cared about the Suiyuan issue so much, and trusted me Dong Qiwu so much, which gave me the courage and strength to overcome difficulties. I decided to call the military, political and local leaders quickly. Let’s jointly study the draft peace agreement and convey General Fu Zuoyi’s speech instructions, what do you two think about this arrangement?” Liu Yongsheng and An Chunshan didn't know much about the situation in Suiyuan, so naturally they couldn't raise any disagreement.Therefore, among Suiyuan's military, political and local representatives, Dong Qiwu first conveyed Fu Zuoyi's speech, and then studied and discussed the draft agreement article by article, sentence by sentence, and word by word. In an instant, the faces of all kinds of personnel were fully exposed.In summary, it can be divided into the following five categories: 1. Most people believe that the Chinese Communist Party is tolerant and tolerant. After the "Peking Way", it has proposed a more moderate "Suiyuan Way", waiting for us to gradually wake up. When we think the conditions are ripe , and then carry out a complete uprising.We should understand the CCP's kind care for the cadres in Suiyuan and the good intentions to save the people of all ethnic groups in Suiyuan from the suffering of war, respond positively, do our own work well, and realize the peaceful liberation of Suiyuan as soon as possible! 2. A small number of people believe that the conditions are not yet ripe, and it is too early to talk about demarcation, commerce, connection of railways, etc.Therefore, we cannot express our position on this so-called agreement. 3. There are also a small number of people who, like picking bones in an egg, have to put forward one or another revision opinion for each article and sentence.Obviously, the basic point of these people's thinking is to deny the agreement. 4. What's more, they abused the agreement as a letter of surrender, saying that "Fu Zuoyi betrayed Peiping, and now he is betraying Suiyuan". 5. Very few people were very angry and even threatened to use force.What do you say, "I have soldiers in my hand, so I can't be a corpse bag, and I can't fight if I talk about it." Dong Qiwu believes that it is normal to have different opinions, but it will never shake Suiyuan's intention and determination to follow the people's road and accept the peace agreement.Therefore, after conveying the draft agreement and Fu Zuoyi's speech, Dong Qiwu, on the one hand, did in-depth and meticulous ideological work on individuals; Revise opinions and perform signature procedures. Leaders of both parties attending the signing ceremony of the Suiyuan Peaceful Liberation Agreement: Fu Zuoyi (third from right), Tang Yanjie (second from right), Cai Shufan (first from right), Lan Gongwu (second from left), etc. After Kang Baoan arrived in Peiping, he explained to Fu Zuoyi in detail the process of revising the draft agreement, which clauses were revised and the basis for the revision. After Fu Zuoyi fully agreed, it was submitted to a meeting for negotiation between the two parties, and both parties agreed to Dong Qiwu's revision opinion.So far, the Suiyuan peace agreement has been reached. May 28, 1949 was a very significant day for Fu Zuoyi, Dong Qiwu, the people of Suiyuan, the officers and soldiers of the Kuomintang army stationed in Suiyuan, and the staff of Suiyuan government agencies.On this day, in the old capital of Beiping, the signing ceremony of the "Suiyuan Peace Agreement" was solemnly held at the location of the North China Bureau (formerly the Bank Club) in Xijiaomin Lane in front of Tiananmen Square. At about 10 o'clock, when Dong Biwu, chairman of the North China People's Government, Liu Xiufeng and Lan Gongwu, vice-chairmen, Bo Yibo, secretary of the North China Bureau and political commissar of the North China Military Region, Zhang Youyu, negotiator of the Communist Party of China, and General Fu Zuoyi, Wang Kejun, Zhou Beifeng, negotiator of Fu Fang , Suiyuan Dong Qiwu's representative Kang Baoan and others walked slowly towards the signing hall, their joyful mood was concentrated in mutual greetings and congratulations.Dong Biwu signed the agreement first on behalf of the North China People's Government, and then Kang Baoan stamped Dong Qiwu's personal seal on the agreement on behalf of Dong Qiwu.The signing ceremony ended with warm applause. On the same day, Chairman Mao Zedong approved the "Suiyuan Peace Agreement" and received Fu Zuoyi in Zhongnanhai Fengze Garden.During the interview, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Nie Rongzhen, Bo Yibo, Tao Zhu and others were present.Also interviewed were Deng Baoshan, Zhou Beifeng, and Yan Youwen.Chairman Mao said: "I have read the terms of your negotiation, so let's implement it according to that. However, don't publish it in the newspaper, because you didn't state that Suiyuan was peacefully liberated only after the peaceful liberation of Beiping. Otherwise, you will have to" Suiyuan Far way', we will not be able to handle it." On June 8, 1949, the "Suiyuan Peace Agreement" came into effect.The original text of the agreement is as follows: (Pei Zhouyu: "The Victory of the Suiyuan Way", Chapter Two, Economic Daily Publishing House, 1997 edition) According to the meeting at the Beiping Hotel on March 23 to temporarily maintain the status quo, in order to improve the basic spirit of thinking and prepare for further reform work in the future, specific issues such as Suiyuan demarcation, transportation, finance, trade, and dispatch of liaison agencies in Suiyuan have been agreed upon by both parties. as follows: A. On the demarcation issue: 1. The two sides agreed to take the Guli Banwusu between Taobuqi and Baita as the midpoint, draw a boundary line to the north and south, stop all conflicts, withdraw the troops stationed along the line as much as possible, and live in peace.The boundary line is: since ancient times, Liban Wusu goes north through Zhuangyushang, Baoerheshao and the northeast of Kuisu, passing Xiaoxiaoquan, Sandaogou, Shuibazi, Tianqiaozi, Juchengtan, Saramutu, Wuji (East) Houhabqi, Beikesha, Liuyaniu, Yangpozi, Dongxijuzi (west), Beilu (west) to the north of Dongying; westward through Jideng, Guanfu, Baiqi in the south, to Harishan Between the rabbit and the lambshatu; from Gulibanwusu to the south, through Nandi, east of Xinying Village, through Wusehu Cave, Shuilingou, and Shebiya (west), and westward through Erdaoying, Qian Shuiquan (North), Maqungou (North), to Doucheng Kiln, Huangjia, Yiyifang, to Wubulang, westward to Lenggou, Milianggou (North), Zitu (South), Yangxiliang ( North), south through Xiaowulaxigai (east), Huangjiashuiquan (west), north through Xiaoshi (north) to the bank of the Yellow River. 2. For the villages that the boundary line passes through, those south of Gulibanwusu (including Gulibanwusu) are under the jurisdiction of the North China People's Government, and those to the north are under the jurisdiction of General Dong Qiwu. 3. In order to prevent bandits from using the demarcated line to harass the people, when bandits are found in the future, the two sides will cooperate to eradicate them. 4. Areas to the west of the demarcated line where social reforms have been carried out shall protect all vested interests of the masses and strictly prohibit all acts of retaliation. B. Regarding traffic issues: 1. Both parties agree that the Baotou-Baita section of the Pingsui Railway should be under the unified management of the Ministry of Railways of the Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Commission. 2. In principle, the old employees will not be changed temporarily. 3. The calculation standard for ticket purchase is RMB (the silver dollar and silver dollar coupons for the section from Baotou to Baita can be discounted according to the listed price, and the silver dollars and silver dollar coupons collected by the Railway Bureau can be used according to the listed price in the area under the jurisdiction of General Dong Qiwu). 4. Special preferential treatment and convenience will be given to the public transportation of the military and government of General Dong Qiwu during the transitional period of ideological transformation. The detailed measures will be negotiated separately by the Ministry of Railways of the Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Commission and General Dong Qiwu in accordance with this principle. 5. Under the unified management of the Ministry of Railways of the Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Commission, a management office for the western section of the Ping-Sui Railway shall be established, and its organizational method shall be stipulated by the Ministry of Railways of the Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Commission. C. Regarding trade issues: 1. The two sides agree to trade with each other in accordance with the principle of free trade, without hindrance and difficulty, and without imposing import and export taxes on the border. However, all public and private businessmen of the two parties are not allowed to carry contraband and must not engage in illegal activities. 2. Public management of trade: The North China People's Government in Guisui and Dong Qiwu in Beiping each set up a trade organization (the trade organizations set up by both parties may send personnel to Baotou and Tianjin to conduct trade according to law), and operate trade business in the following two ways: A. The trade organizations of the two parties conclude contracts and handle trade. B. Both parties may conduct direct trade with private businessmen.However, it is preferred that the local competent trade authority handle registration. D. Regarding financial issues: 1. Silver dollars, silver dollar certificates, and renminbi can circulate freely within the area under the jurisdiction of General Dong Qiwu. 2. The People's Bank of China has set up an office in Guisui to handle the following businesses: A. Commercial summary between Guisui and North China. B. Handle cashier procedures on behalf of trade agencies. Read out the terms of the Suiyuan Peaceful Liberation Agreement C. According to the natural market price, negotiate with the Suiyuan Provincial Bank of Suiyuan to determine the price comparison between RMB, silver dollars and silver dollar certificates, and make a public announcement. 3. In order to help General Dong Qiwu overcome financial and financial difficulties, according to the actual situation, a number of gold dollar certificates (the amount of comparison will be determined separately) are exchanged at discretion, and the goods can be ordered in RMB. E. Questions about dispatching liaison agencies in Guisui: The North China People's Government has set up a liaison office in Guisui to negotiate with General Dong Qiwu and the personnel designated by him to solve all temporary and specific problems, and is responsible for leading the Guisui Office of the People's Bank of China and the General Trade Corporation, and may cooperate with the local military administration People connect with emotions. According to the above items, the personnel sent by the North China People's Government and the Ministry of Railways of the Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Commission to the area under the jurisdiction of General Dong Qiwu, and the personnel sent by General Dong Qiwu to the Beiping trade organization, are mutually responsible for ensuring their safety. F. Others: 1. Books and newspapers in the Liberated Areas can circulate freely within the city under the jurisdiction of General Dong Qiwu. At present, General Dong Qiwu buys them in large quantities for military and political cadres to study and carry out ideological reform. He has also appointed a book and newspaper agency in Guisui so that the people can order freely. 2. General Dong Qiwu should immediately reorganize the army on his own, and stop all measures to expand the army, so that the labor force can be transferred to production as much as possible. 3. Regarding the spies, Dong Qiwu should immediately disband their organizations, stop their activities, and order them to leave Sui. ...other issues not involved in this agreement shall be resolved through negotiation. On the morning of September 16, 1949, Li Zhongfu, Director of the General Office of Suiyuan Province, drafted the telegram for the uprising according to Dong Qiwu's instructions.Dong divided the telegram into two halves, and asked Yan Youwen and Li Zhongfu to quickly transcribe it, so that it could be sent to the radio station and sent to Peking for review by Chairman Mao. After reading the telegram, Chairman Mao said: "Write down the full names of Jiang, Li, and Yan. This is a historical document, so that future generations will not know who 'Jiang, Li, and Yan' are." This instruction from the Chairman. Following Chairman Mao's instructions, Dong Qiwu wrote the full names of Chiang Kai-shek, Li Zongren, and Yan Xishan on the telegram, and then specially used tiger skin rice paper to complete the telegram for signing. On the morning of September 19, it was an extremely solemn moment for the troops and people of Suiyuan. The signing ceremony was held in the auditorium of Baotou Branch of the Bank. Dong Qiwu first picked up a brush and signed the Uprising power-on.According to the order of the list, the second is Sun Lanfeng. Although Sun agreed to the uprising after the third conversation with General Fu, he is still in the hospital and has not come to the signing site. Dong Shun picked up a small tea bowl and put it under his own name. The back of it is left for Sun to make up his signature.More than 30 other people signed in turn.Not long after, Sun Lanfeng came and signed his name on the place where the small tea bowl was buttoned. After 39 people signed, a dinner was held at noon to celebrate the Glorious Rebellion.At 1 p.m., General Fu spoke to military and political cadres in the bank courtyard.He said: "I once led you to the wrong path in the past, and I am responsible for it. Now, I have led you to the bright road. I hope that everyone will be under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party. Study hard and be yourself. Reform and serve the people wholeheartedly. In the future, if anyone goes the wrong way, he must be responsible for himself.” In the afternoon of the same day, Dong Qiwu and others solemnly sent an uprising telegram to Chairman Mao Zedong, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, Commander Nie Rongzhen of the North China Military Region, and political commissar Bo Yibo in Baotou, an important town on the northern frontier of the motherland. The telegram was: Chairman Mao, Commander-in-Chief Zhu, Commander Nie, Political Commissar Bo: All our officers, soldiers and administrative personnel at all levels launched a glorious uprising in Suiyuan today, and solemnly announced to the people: We have formally separated from the remaining reactionary groups such as Chiang Kai-shek, Li Zongren, and Yan Xishan who relied on US imperialism, and resolutely walked to the side of the people Come.Suiyuan was liberated peacefully, we have to celebrate the new life.All soldiers and civilians would like to pay tribute to the people's leaders Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu with infinite loyalty!北平和平的成功，启示了我们：和平是全国人民迫切的要求与愿望；教育了我们：过去戡乱的政策是错误的；提醒了我们：唯有在中共领导下，团结各民主阶级各民族，建立人民民主统一战线，为人民服务，才是对的。因此北平和平之后，我们迫切的愿望，就是期待由北平和平促成全国人民一致要求的和平，在中共领导之下，迅速开始新民主主义的建设。但是事实一天一天证明，反动派没有丝毫的觉悟和悔改，而是变本加厉地投靠帝国主义，乞怜于帝国主义。反动派和人民的愿望是完全相反的，人民要和平。反动派正是处心积虑的破坏和平。阎锡山断送了山西人民的生命，从太原飞到广州当了反动的行政院院长，狂吠所谓“日本复兴中国论”。积极从事与日本军国主义反动派勾结，阴谋引导日本强盗再来侵略中国国土，再来屠杀中国人民。 我们参加过辛亥革命，我们参加过大革命战争，我们尤其自始至终坚持对日抗战，热血洒遍长城各口。民国22年长城抗战中，当无耻的何梅协定正在签字的时候，也正是我们在怀柔附近对日本侵略者西义一师团坚强奋战并予以严重打击的时候。继此之后，我们在绥东抗战，向百灵庙日本侵略内蒙的根据地袭击。“七七”全面抗战展开后，我们参加了平绥线的南口战役，山西的平型关会战，太原守城，文水交城离石各战役，绥南战役，反攻包头，克复五原。我们虽然缺乏武器，缺乏弹药，但我们打到底，我们虽然吃过马料、吃过沙土，但我们为了民族复兴国家独立，坚持到底。我们绥远人民在抗日战争里食不果腹，衣不蔽体，一切的节约贡献了抗战。我们绥远人民拿出了生命热血，用一切的力量支持了抗战。我们的抗战目的是为了打倒帝国主义，争取中国独立、民主、自由和平、富强。今天反动派却又勾结日本强盗来屠杀中国的人民，我们愤慨，我们抗议，我们坚决的反对，国民党反动派可曾想过革命的三民主义的目的是什么？全民族八年苦战牺牲了无数生命财产又是为什么？这样倒行逆施，将何以对孙中山先生，将何以对死难先烈。 这一切事实教育了我们：使我们看明白反动派已经走到了死亡的末路，在过去反动派与帝国主义勾结还要用些花言巧语来欺骗人民，到了反动派临近死亡的时候，他们就再也顾不得什么羞耻，只有原形毕现地匍匐在帝国主义的脚前摇尾乞怜，妄图作垂死的挣扎。 这一切事实教育了我们：使我们从蒙蔽中清醒过来，看明白反动派和人民的利害是相反的，和革命的利害是相反的，反动派和帝国主义的利害，和官僚、买办资本家的利害，和封建地主的利害原来是完全一致的。 这一切事实教育了我们：使我们看明白，这些封建残余、官僚买办资本家、帝国主义奴仆三位一体的中国反动派，是孙中山先生革命的三民主义的叛徒，是无耻地出卖民族的败类。 我们既从蒙蔽中明白过来，从苦闷矛盾中解脱出来，我们就再也没有理由替这些自私自利、无羞无耻的反动派作战，我们就再也没有理由违背革命的初衷、自毁抗战的光荣而为反动派效力，我们就再也没有理由跟着反动派殉葬，而必须坚决地脱离反动派残余集团，来向人民靠拢，来为人民服务。我们于北平和平之后，经过半年的自我反省，自我教育，确切认定，中国人民民主革命必须是以无产阶级为领导，工农联盟为基础，团结各民主阶级及中国境内各民族，建立人民民主统一战线，共同努力，才能彻底完成。这个方向是完全正确的。我们深深感到只有在这个总的方向之下努力奋斗，才能达成人民的愿望，才能符合我们革命抗战的光荣历史。我们现在就是依照这个正确的方向发动起义，实现绥远和平，脱离蒋介石、李宗仁、阎锡山等反动派残余集团，坚决走到人民方面来。在中国共产党领导下努力学习，自我改进，和全国人民一齐起来粉碎帝国主义侵略中国的任何阴谋，消灭反动派一切残余势力，实现新民主主义即革命的三民主义，和平建设新绥远，和平建设新中国。我们热切期望人民领袖毛主席、朱总司令及各界民主人士指导我们，教育我们，使我们能在新社会中忠实地为人民服务，我们高呼： 毛主席、朱总司令万岁！ 前西北军政副长官兼绥远省政府主席董其武 前第九兵团司令官孙兰峰 前第九兵团副司令官兼第一一一军军长刘万春 前晋陕绥边区副总司令俞方皋 前陆军第二十二军副军长兼八十六师师长胡景通 前陆军第三一○师师长张副元 前陆军独立第七师师长张士珍 前陆军第二五八师师长赵晓峰 前陆军第二二八师师长杨仲璜 前陆军第三二○师师长马逢宸 前陆军第三二六师师长王崇仁 前陆军第三一九师师长张璞 前骑兵整编第十二旅旅长鄂友三 前骑兵整编第十三旅旅长高理亭 前独立第三旅旅长乔汉魁 前骑兵第五旅旅长安恩达 前骑兵第十一旅旅长陈秉义 前绥远全省保安副司令孟昭弟 前归绥警备司令张潜 前包头警备司令陈玉甲 前绥西警备司令于霖瑞 前保安第二旅旅长张振基 前保安骑兵第四旅旅长张汉琏 前保安骑兵第六旅旅长钨邬青云 前第三十二兵站分监王度 前绥远省参议会议长张钦 前绥远省参议会副议长阎肃 前土默特旗总管兼绥远省政府委员荣祥 前绥远高等法院院长于存灏 前绥远境蒙政会委员兼绥远省政府委员胡凤山 前国民政府立法委员辛崇业 前国民政府监察委员杨令德 前国民政府监察委员陈志仁 前国民政府监察委员梁子才 前国民政府监察委员奇世勋（蒙旗） 前国民政府监察委员任秉钧（蒙旗） 前绥远全省回教协会理事长吴桐 前绥远全省回教协会副理事长吴耀庭 前绥远全省回教协会常务委员王质武 September 19 毛主席、朱总司令与华北军区聂司令员、薄政委于9月20日向绥远起义将领董其武等发了贺电！ 毛主席、朱总司令复电全文： 董其武将军及在贵将军领导下的绥远军队全体官兵政府工作人员和各界同胞们： 看了你们9月19日的声明，你们的立场是正确的，自从傅作义将军领导北平和平解放后，人民表示欢迎，反动派表示反对，反动派还企图破坏绥远军民和平解放的努力，但是终归失败，你们已经率部起义，脱离反动派，站在人民方面了。希望你们团结一致，力求进步，改革旧制度，实行新政策，为建设人民的新绥远而奋斗。 毛泽东朱德 1949年9月20日 聂司令员及薄政委也电贺绥远和平解放： 董其武将军暨绥远起义全体将士各级行政人员： 接读9月19日通电，宣布脱离依靠美国帝国主义的蒋介石、李宗仁、阎锡山等反动派残余集团，参加人民革命阵营，使绥远获得和平解放，我们于欣慰之余，特致热烈的祝贺！从此华北全境之内国民党反动派所妄图作为最后挣扎的据点宣告扫除，这对全华北今后建设的事业和华北军民支援全国解放战争最后胜利的事业，均极为有利，国民党反动派残余集团完全消灭之期在迩，开创中国50年历史新时期的崭新的人民共和国业已诞生，尚望团结部属与华北及全国解放区军民亲密合作，安定地方秩序，肃清反动派一切残余势力，并以为人民服务的精神教育部队，改造思想，改变作风，力求进步，把绥远建设成真正的人民解放区，把军队改编成为真正的人民解放军，为建设新绥远新华北及彻底解放全中国而奋斗。 聂荣臻薄一波 September 20 解放区的原绥蒙（后改绥远省）区党委机关报《绥蒙日报》，代表绥东解放区7个县与80万人（全绥远省当日当时200万人）及各族人民与党政军领导机关也发了贺电（裴周玉：《绥远方式的胜利》，经济日报出版社，1997年版）。 董其武，当时系国民党绥远省政府主席、省保安中将司令和华北“剿总”归绥指挥所主任。他在建国后曾撰文回忆了绥远起义的过程，现摘录如下： 起义的前因 1949年1月21日，北平正式和平解放。之后，我于9月19日在绥远率部举行了光荣的起义。起义的胜利，主要是中国共产党的英明领导和傅作义先生不断引导我走人民道路的结果。 董其武在庆祝绥远起义一周年大会上讲话留影 我在绥远经常收听新华社的广播，从中知道国民党军队处处溃败，解放军节节胜利的情况。尤其是1948年11月初，听到整个东北解放的消息，预感到解放军势必源源入关，华北局势已到了危急存亡的关头。12月中旬，傅部第三十五军在新保安被包围。第三十五军是傅先生亲自培养、训练的一支主力部队。如果这支军队被歼灭，不但对傅的精神上是个极大的打击，而且直接影响整个华北局势。结果，这支部队于12月下旬被解放军歼灭了。接着解放军又解放了张家口，傅部第十一兵团和第一○五军也全部被歼。同时，由东北入关的解放军大兵团和华北解放军大兵团分别分割包围了平、津、塘。 北平被围以后，为傅先生设想，我有几种考虑。一是打。how to spell?北平城不适宜防御，很难守住。依城野战呢？而傅先生的基本力量已经损失很大，部队人数虽然不少，得力的部队不多。更其要考虑的，北平是祖国文化古都，一打势必造成很大破坏，要落千古骂名，傅先生绝不干。二是走。How to go?有两种可能：一是部队分路突围南下，一是部队西撤。到必要时刻，傅先生本人行动再作定夺。不过我想，这时候傅先生对蒋介石已失去信心，是没有理由替蒋介石殉葬的。三是和。投向共产党。我想傅先生走这条道路的可能性很大。因为，在以往我们的几次谈话中，已可看出傅先生的心思。不过，究竟傅先生走哪条路，我无时不在密切注视着。因为就我和傅先生说，就绥远部队说，北平的结局直接关系到绥远的前途和命运，所以，不管形势如何变，有一件事是肯定的，就是：傅先生走什么路，我就走什么路。 初期酝酿 走人民的道路的决心已定，奋斗目标已明。我谒见傅作义回到绥远，暗中就开始为起义做准备工作，我首先考虑到，由于北平的和平解放，南京政府一定会对绥远部队不放心，要进行干预，并会指使特务进行捣乱破坏。绥远内部的情况也不一。绥远各族人民和部队士兵是欢迎和平的，下级干部虽绝大多数都是反对内战，倾向和平的，但由于多年来国民党的反共宣传和严厉查禁、封锁进步书刊，有许多干部对共产党不了解，有怀疑。在中上层有对立和恐惧心理，特别是国民党顽固分子，会对和平进行阻挠和破坏。如果准备工作做不好，时机不成熟，就贸然提出和平问题，反会受到挫折，因而坏事。针对以上考虑，我的做法主要是安定部队情绪，然后进行思想说服工作，使思想认识趋于一致，一步步地引导到和平道路上来。 首先，我与旅长以上干部谈了话，传达了与傅先生晤谈的情况。着重说明了辽沈、淮海、平津三大战役后全国形势的发展。说明了国民党大势已去，无可挽回。北平和平是大势所趋，人心所向。希望大家要放开眼界，观察全国形势的发展，安定部队，团结一致，不要听信谣言。并提出绥远应向何处去的问题，征询了他们的意见。我又与省政府厅、局长以上干部，省议会议长张钦、高等法院院长于存灏、土默特旗总管荣祥、东四旗代表胡凤山、回族代表吴桐等分别谈了话。 为了更好地了解当时一般中下级军政干部的思想情况，我针对当时的形势，提出了一个时势讨论提纲，发给各部队、机关讨论。提纲内容包括：（一）当前国内外形势如何？共产党军队能否渡过长江？（二）三次世界大战能否发生？（三）对北平起义的看法如何？（四）在当前形势下，绥远应该怎么办？目的是，通过讨论研究，以统一思想，稳定情绪。从讨论结果看，大多数认为：国民党大势已去，共产党的部队可能很快渡过长江；第三次世界大战是谣言，是幻想，不可能爆发；北平和平是大势所趋，傅先生做对了，绥远也应随着北平的榜样，走和平道路。这样，显然大多数人都能开始认清形势，赞成和平。但不少人有顾虑、存幻想。也有少数人坚持顽固立场，反对走和平道路。 春节过后，我到部队和地方巡视，讲了话，还和一些军政干部和士兵作了个别谈话，开了一些小型会议。具体了解到一般的思想是倾向和平，部队的情绪基本稳定，但在中上层干部中确实顾虑不少。主要是：怕不信，怕不用，怕算旧账，怕身家安全没有保障等等。还有极少数人对北平起义不谅解，有抵触，甚至存在幻想，别有企图。根据掌握和了解到如上的思想情况，我认为走向和平还有不少的阻力，需大力认真地对存在顾虑的人进行说服教育工作，并尽力遏制那些捣乱分子的破坏和平的活动。我意识到这是一场特殊的战斗。 走向和平的过程 《协议》签订前后，有一部分人存在错误思想，个别人坚持反动立场，在时机不成熟的情况下，我不能轻易地公开表态。致使一些比较倾向和平的人，也对当时政治情势感到莫明究竟，有的对我竟产生误会。如有的人说：“董主席的葫芦里头到底装的什么药，倒出来让大家看看就对了嘛！”甚至还有人说：“董主席是脚踏两只船。” 4月1日，傅作义先生在北平发出通电，声明政治立场。这对绥远军民、干部和各界人士的思想认识产生了重大的影响。不久，《绥远和平协议》正式签订，曙光在望了。我为了《协议》的顺利执行，以达到完整的起义，使所有部属都走上光明的道路，不致于掉队落伍。于是，我便借傅先生和平通电的东风，借干部和绥远各界对傅先生的信仰，有计划有步骤地开展各项革新活动。以提高认识，统一思想，迎接绥远起义的早日到来。其具体措施如下： 一、组织革新运动委员会。我在省府邀请了各方面有代表性的人物举行座谈会。会上我先作了形势分析，要大家认清形势，明确方向。检讨国民党的失败，主要是没有实行新三民主义，特别是民生主义。因而在政治经济上贪污腐败，脱离人民，错误地执行戡乱政策。我们要接受教训，开展革新运动，革除旧弊，振刷新机，实行经济民主，政治平等，以适应形势，走向新生。我讲罢后，大家热烈发言，争论激烈，除少数人坚持不同意见外，绝大多数人认识到开展革新运动是走向新生的必要途径。经过几天的座谈讨论后，成立了绥远省革新运动委员会。推举张钦、于存灏、刘万春、张国林、常佩三、张国宝、张立范、佟树蕃、赵国鼎、赵励师、张登鳌、卢健飞、康保安、李忠孚、梁子材等20多人为委员，推举我为主任委员。委员会下设：时代认识、政治经济、文化教育、土地房产4个组。其主要任务是从思想上重新认识时代，政治上重新确定方针任务，制定革新工作计划草案。 二、改组省级机构。为统一事权，节省经费，解除了建设厅厅长潘秀仁，财政厅厅长张遐民、社会局局长杜品三等的职务。他们都是国民党反动派在绥远省的当权者。他们分别任过国民党绥远省党部主任委员，副主任委员。杜还是CC特务，他们旧年除夕前分别逃亡后方，并指使其在绥远的党羽破坏和平解放。同时，我还把省政府厅、局、处二十几个单位裁并为四厅二处，编余人员经甄别后，充实了县、乡基层工作。 三、改革人事制度。任用私人，党同伐异，互相拉拢，发展个人势力，为政治腐化贪污的主要根源。为革除这种腐败制度，决定成立人事委员会。将全省干部统一任用，统一考核，统一训练，以堵塞任用私人、贪污腐化之路。 四、成立革新学院。为了统一思想认识和行动，培训干部，我把原绥远省干部训练团改组为革新学院，我任院长，并选任愿接受和平起义的人员为各级教育骨干，分期分批训练省、县科长级以上干部。革新学院的课程主要是新三民主义、《论联合政府》、当前国内外形势和革新运动委员会的革新草案等。用上大课、讲小课、大组讨论、小组讨论等方式来进行学习，达到转变思想，统一认识的目的。学习的结果表明，参加学习的绝大多数人思想认识上都有很大的转变，为和平起义创造了有利条件。但仍有少数顽固分子反对学习。有人说：“这样训练，就把人们都训练成共产党了。” 五、教育、使用东归干部（指张家口、新保安、北平解放后回到绥远的傅部干部）。北平和平解收后，一部分起义干部回到绥远，这些东归干部绝大多数都是跟傅先生多年的可信赖的人。他们到绥后，我先后都同他们谈了话。为了发挥这些人应有的积极作用，我分别把这部分人安置到部队中去，以代替那些对和平抱怀疑态度和思想不稳定的人。替换下来的人调往革新学院学习。这样以利于巩固部队，安定部队，以利于和平。 六、设立督训处。在东归干部中选择了职务较高的30余人成立了督训处。由原骑兵第五旅旅长卫景林任处长。利用这些干部与部队中各级干部的同学、同事关系，帮助督训部队，整顿部队，加强纪律。同时，他们之间可以说说知心话，帮助一些干部认清走和平道路对干部有好处，对官兵有好处，对地方、人民和个人都有极大好处的道理。劝他们不要受特务分子的引诱和煽动，坚定跟着傅先生和我走和平道路的决心。 另外，我还指示卫景林去找一个