Chapter 12 end

Not long after the Battle of Pingjin, the Suiyuan issue was resolved peacefully; on April 24, Taiyuan, which Yan Xishan had firmly guarded, was also liberated.Since then, Northeast China, North China, Central Plains, and East China have been connected together and become a vast rear area, creating decisive conditions for the PLA to cross the south of the Yangtze River and sweeping away the remnants of Jiang's army, and also laid a solid foundation for winning a complete nationwide victory. Foundation. On December 15, the 115th Division (belonging to the Thirteenth Army) of the Miyun Fortified Battle

On December 7, Shalingzi chased and wiped out the 271st Division (belonging to the 101st Army) From December 10th to 11th, Kangzhuang Huailai chased and wiped out the 22nd Division and delayed the 109th Division (belonging to the 16th Army); the 250th Division and the 269th Division of the 104th Army On December 22, the 101st Division and the 267th Division of the 35th Army fought against Xinbao On December 24, the 11th Corps of the Zhangjiakou Encirclement and Annihilation Battle 105th Army: 210th Division, 251st Division, 259th Division, 310th Division, 258th Division (belonging to 104th Army), 5th Cavalry Brigade, 2nd Cavalry Division Eleventh Brigade

On January 15th, the Tianjin Garrison Headquarters: Sixty-second Army: 67th Division, 151st Division, 317th Division (newly built) Eighty-sixth Army: 26th Division, 284th Division, 293rd Division The 43rd Division (belonging to the 94th Army), the 184th Division (formerly belonging to the 60th Army) 305th Division (newly built), 326th Division (newly built), 333rd Division (newly built) December 22-January 31 Peking Peace Reorganization: The Fourth Corps and the Ninth Corps Thirteenth Army: Fourth Division, Eighty-ninth Division, 297th Division, 299th Division Ninety-second Army: 21st Division, 56th Division, 142nd Division

Thirty-first Army: 205th Division Sixteenth Army: 22nd Division (Reconstruction), 94th Division, 109th Division (Reconstruction) Thirty-fifth Army: (Reconstruction) 101st Division, (Reconstruction) 262nd Division, 267th Division (Reconstruction) Ninety-fourth Army: Fifth Division, 121st Division 101st Army: 272nd Division, 273rd Division, 271st Division (Reconstruction) 104th Army (Reconstruction): 250th Division (Reconstruction) 269th Division (Reconstruction) 309th Division (Reconstruction) 311th Division (Rebuild) Fourth Cavalry Division The 157th Division: (belonging to the 62nd Army)

Total: Annihilation of 1 corps headquarters, 1 garrison headquarters, 5 military headquarters, and 26 divisions; peaceful reorganization of 1 "bandit suppression" headquarters, 2 corps headquarters, 8 military headquarters, and 25 divisions. Note: [1] Two regiments of the 333rd Division were wiped out in Yangcun, and one regiment was wiped out in Tianjin, both of which were included in the Tianjin battle. [2] The special forces and irregular troops directly under the "General Suppression" were not included in the statistics. Annihilated and peacefully reorganized 521,000 Kuomintang troops.Among them: 232,510 were captured, 29,790 were killed and wounded, 8,700 surrendered, and 250,000 were reorganized peacefully in Peking.

The People's Liberation Army lost a total of 39,444 people.Among them: 7,030 were killed, 31,478 were injured, and 936 were missing. Kuomintang Army People's Liberation Army Personnel loss 521,000 39,444 Contrast 13.2:1 Name, age, place of origin, time of joining the army, time of joining the party, departmental position, time of sacrifice, place of sacrifice Li Hui 39 Yichun City, Jiangxi Province 1930 1930 Political Commissar of the 124th Division of the 40th Army of the Four Fields 1948.12 Zunhua, Hebei Hu Yin 37 Shouguang City, Shandong Province 1937.6 1932 Director of the Political Department of the 124th Division of the 42nd Army of the Four Fields 1948.12 Zunhua, Hebei

Zhang Tongxin 28. Spring of 1938, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 1938.12, Political Commissar of the 124th Division, 370th Regiment, 124th Division, 42nd Army of the Four Fields, 1948.12, Fengtai, Beiping Long March 32 Si County, Anhui Province 1938.4 1938.7 Director of the 133rd Division 398th Regiment of the 45th Army of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin Chen Zhongkai 33 Yingshan County, Hubei Province 1930 1931 Deputy Head of the 415th Regiment of the 139th Division of the 49th Army of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin Lanqin 31 Yilong County, Sichuan Province 1933 1936 Deputy Head of the 417th Regiment of the 139th Division of the 49th Army of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin

Wang Gu 32 Quyang County, Hebei Province 1937.7 1937 Chief of the Operations Section of the 160th Division of the 47th Army of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin Wu Zhiyu 38 Lu'an County, Anhui Province 1929 1935 Head of the 478th Regiment of the 160th Division of the 47th Army of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin Ji Yunti 27 Cang County, Hebei Province 1938 1939 Chief of the Communication Section of the Siye Command 1949.1 Tianjin Fan Lu 29 Yongnian County, Hebei Province 1936.2 1937.4 Chief of the Reconnaissance Section of the 38th Army Headquarters of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin Li Yuede 29 Yishui County, Shandong Province 1938.2 1939.1 Chief of Staff of the 340th Regiment of the 114th Division of the 38th Army of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin

Wang Fulian 33 Ruijin City, Jiangxi Province 1932.5 1932.2 Chief of the Communication Section of the 39th Army Headquarters of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin Chen Zhongyi 36 Huangjiu County, Henan Province 1931.11 1935.4 Director of the Supply Department of the 115th Division of the 39th Army of the Four Fields 1949.1 (died) Tianjin Li Huimin 29 Neihuang County, Henan Province 1938.8 1938.12 Chief of Staff of the 350th Regiment of the 117th Division of the 39th Army of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin Du Cundian 26 Pingshan County, Hebei Province 1938 1940 Head of the 351st Regiment of the 117th Division of the 39th Army of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin

Ma Kezheng 29 Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province 1937 1936 Deputy head of the 454th Regiment of the 152nd Division of the 39th Army of the Four Fields 1949.1 Tianjin Some experts and scholars have summed up the reasons for the great victory of the Pingjin Campaign from various aspects. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The decision-making is correct, the command is superb, and the "bird of fright" becomes a "bird in a cage" The strategic decisive battle is the key to determining the outcome of the two armies.Under normal circumstances, the disadvantaged party tries to avoid a decisive battle.Chiang Kai-shek and Fu Zuoyi did plan to give up Pingjin and retreat to the south and west, but they miscalculated the time when the Northeast Field Army entered the pass, thinking that the North China Field Corps was unable to launch a major offensive, and put on a temporary position to stick to Pingjin.Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, etc. seized the opportunity when the enemy wanted to defend and escape, but did not escape, and launched a battle in advance, forcing the enemy to fight in an extremely unfavorable situation.When the Northeast Field Army unexpectedly appeared in the Pingjin area, it disrupted Jiang Fu's deployment and made him fall into a predicament where he had no way to escape and could not defend.Practice has proved that the decision to launch the Pingjin Campaign in advance is the primary factor in realizing the complete annihilation of the Fu Zuoyi Group on the spot.

In the stage of strategic decisive battle, the struggle is the most intense, the situation is complicated and changeable, and it is also the most difficult time in command.In the command of the Pingjin campaign, the most difficult thing was to turn the "bird of fright" into a "bird in a cage".Taking advantage of the contradiction between Jiang and Fu, Mao Zedong cut off the Pingzhang Road from the "Western Front", seized Fu's family, and dragged down Jiang's family; The method of warfare is to divide and encircle the enemy army in several isolated towns, and then concentrate superior forces to annihilate them one by one.Its command art is so superb that it has reached the point of being handy. With his extraordinary courage and skillful command art, Mao Zedong controlled the development of the battle from beginning to end.He thought hard and devoted a lot of energy. Among the more than 180 telegrams issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission, as many as 130 telegrams were newly drafted by him.He is resourceful and decisive, not only commanding his own army, but also mobilizing the enemy, so that the People's Liberation Army can take the initiative everywhere and lead to victory.In addition to his genius conditions and rich practical experience, what is more important is his scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and being good at proceeding from reality.When Mao Zedong made major decisions, he always consulted repeatedly with Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi and other leaders.He pays attention to reporting the situation in a timely manner and seeks the opinions of the subordinates, and the front-line commanders can also actively put forward suggestions to make the determined principles more realistic.Mao Zedong's superb command art is the crystallization of collective wisdom.Mao Zedong's strategic decisive battle thought is a valuable wealth created by the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries. 2. Combining military strikes and political struggles to liberate Beiping without fighting The peaceful liberation of Beiping was a great victory achieved through negotiations by the People's Liberation Army using the principle of combining military strikes with political struggles.This is just as "Sun Tzu's Art of War" said, "The one who defeats the enemy without fighting is the one who is good." The Battle of Pingjin was mainly based on military strikes, supplemented by political struggles.Because at the beginning, although Fu Zuoyi had the intention of peaceful negotiations, he always wanted to preserve his strength. Without military strikes, he could not make him truly accept the conditions of the Chinese Communist Party.After the People's Liberation Army fought bravely and wiped out the enemies of Xinbaoan, Zhangjiakou, and Tianjin, the Beiping defenders were in a desperate situation. Under the promotion of the CCP's underground organizations and democrats, Fu Zuoyi decided to take the road of peaceful settlement.The close combination of military strikes and active political struggles can finally achieve the goal of winning without fighting. During the peace negotiations in Peking, the Chinese Communist Party adopted correct policies and strategies for Fu Zuoyi.First of all, I saw that although Fu Zuoyi implemented the anti-communist policy of "fighting chaos", there were profound contradictions between Jiang and Fu. When the Kuomintang reactionary regime was about to collapse, Fu Zuoyi was unwilling to be buried for it.At the same time, I also saw that he had patriotic thoughts, was a famous anti-Japanese general, and had contacts with the Chinese Communist Party.Therefore, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China patiently fought for Fu Zuoyi.As long as the ancient cultural capital can be protected and peaceful reorganization is accepted, the past will be ignored and magnanimous, making Fu Zuoyi willing to accept the peaceful conditions proposed by the Chinese Communist Party, creating a precedent for the commander-in-chief of a theater to accept reorganization. Striving for the liberation of a region in a peaceful way and for a group of enemy troops to stand on the side of the people is an important part of Mao Zedong's strategic decisive battle thought, and it is also a major development of the Chinese Communist Party's political policy of winning over the enemy's troops. 3. Powerful political work inspired the majority of commanders and fighters to fight bravely for the liberation of North China Political work is the lifeline of our army and the fundamental guarantee for the people's army to defeat the enemy.During the Battle of Pingjin, each unit carried forward the fine traditions of political work, and carried out in-depth ideological and political work according to the characteristics of the campaign and the actual situation of the unit.After the victory of the Liaoshen Campaign, the Northeast Field Army carried out education to fight for the liberation of the whole of North China and the whole of China.The entry of the Northeast Field Army played a key role in the victory of the Battle of Pingjin.The Northeast Field Army and the North China Field Army also carried out in-depth education on decisive battles with the enemy, fighting big battles, fighting vicious battles, not being afraid of fatigue, and continuous combat, so that the troops could not be dragged down under difficult conditions, and they could withstand strong enemies and rush forward. You can win, you can win; in continuous combat, you will fight one after another without fear of sacrifice, and you will hit wherever you point. Many units of the People's Liberation Army are fighting in an area, and unity and coordination are very important.The Northeast Field Army and the North China Military Region have issued instructions to educate the troops to be united and coordinated, to achieve a high degree of centralization and strict organizational discipline, to understand the general situation, to take the overall situation into account, and to be proactive; when several different organizational units appear in an area, resolutely Act in accordance with the command relationship specified by the superior, and whoever is given the command will be responsible and responsible, and the burden of the command will be provoked, and the commanded will obey the order, obey the command, and prohibit the order.In combat operations, all units and arms are united and friendly, actively coordinate and support each other, like a machine that operates precisely, cooperate closely, and complete various combat tasks in unison. The food transport team marching on the front line of Pingjin in the snow The troops have also conducted in-depth urban policy discipline education.During the liberation of Tianjin and the takeover of Beiping, new problems were encountered, such as how to protect industry and commerce, protect cultural facilities and cultural relics, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreigners.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made clear regulations in time, and the Pingjin Front Command promulgated the "Eight Chapters of the Covenant" for the liberation of the cities of Peiping and Tianjin.All troops strictly enforced these policies, disciplines and regulations, and followed the three major disciplines and eight points of attention in an exemplary manner, which was highly praised by the masses of the people. 4. The full support of the people in the liberated areas is the fundamental guarantee for victory In such a large-scale battle as the Battle of Pingjin, the support of the people was an important reason for the victory.The hundreds of thousands of troops of the Fu Zuoyi Group had long been surrounded by the army and civilians in the vast liberated areas, and were finally isolated in one or two big cities. Without support from the rear, they were bound to lose.The People's Liberation Army is backed by the vast liberated areas and supported by abundant manpower, material and financial resources, so it will undoubtedly win.The people of Northeast China and North China, in the context of large-scale battles, time constraints, and heavy support tasks, in order to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek and liberate the whole of China, they are united as one, do their best to support the front line, make huge sacrifices and make great sacrifices for the victory of the war. contribute.The victory in the Battle of Pingjin was won with the support of 90 million people in Northeast and North China. In the Battle of Pingjin, more than 7,000 outstanding officers and soldiers of the People's Liberation Army lost their precious lives, and more than 32,000 people were honorably wounded. Many militiamen, migrant workers, workers, farmers, students, and peaceful democrats also made contributions.Their blood dyed the five-star red flag of New China red, and their heroic struggle ushered in the dawn of victory for New China.Let us miss them forever, inherit their revolutionary spirit, and work hard for the cause of socialist modernization!