Chapter 2 Chapter 2 On the eve of crossing the river, British warships broke into the Yangtze River

(3) A major diplomatic event occurred on the eve of crossing the river: the British warship "Amethyst" that caused trouble on the Yangtze River was injured in a fierce artillery battle with the troops crossing the river. Mao Zedong paid close attention to the incident of the British ship and issued an instruction to "bomb it". The whole world is concerned about the Yangtze River. British Prime Minister Attlee even said that British ships have the right to sail in China's inland rivers. Former Prime Minister Churchill clamored to use aircraft carriers to retaliate Kang Maozhao said that the Yangtze River and I have fate, let me meet the British warship "Amethyst"

Kang Maozhao, the young political commissar of the Third Artillery Regiment, never imagined that this artillery battle with the British warship that broke into the Yangtze River changed his life path, making him enter the diplomatic circle after the founding of the People's Republic of China and become a diplomat of the new China .Later, looking back on the past, he said with a smile, I grew up on the banks of the Yangtze River, participated in the revolution at the age of 19, caught up with the Battle of Crossing the River, and encountered the British warship "Amethyst" on the Yangtze River.

After participating in the Battle of Huaihai, the Artillery Third Regiment of the Sanye Eighth Corps, where he belonged, was ordered to rush to the north of the Yangtze River in April, and was deployed in the Sanjiang Camp, 20 kilometers southeast of Yangzhou, to cover the infantry crossing the river.There are many harbors in this area. The Grand Canal crosses the Yangtze River between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. On April 18, the regiment headquarters led the first company (with 3 Japanese-style 105 howitzers) and the seventh company (with 3 Japanese-style field guns) to station in the Sanjiang camp to make final preparations before crossing the river.

Because he had worked as a front-line reporter for many years, he also served as the editor-in-chief of "Shandong Pictorial" in the Shandong base area during the Anti-Japanese War, and fell in love with photography.In order to shoot the historical shots of the battle across the river, he specially bought film from the photo studio in Yangzhou City, and checked the camera with him.This camera has left several particularly precious photos of the "Amethyst" incident in the diplomatic history of New China, and has become a witness to the end of the century-old history of humiliation caused by the "gunboat diplomacy" of the British Empire to China by the Chinese people.

At that time, under the unified command of the General Front Committee with Deng Xiaoping as the secretary, the second and third field armies were actively preparing to cross the river along the north bank of the thousands of miles of Yangtze River from Poyang Lake in the west to Jiangyin Fortress in the east.After half a month of negotiations between the delegation of the Nanjing Nationalist Government and the delegation of the Communist Party of China, a domestic peace agreement was drawn up in Beiping, and it was delivered to the Nanjing government on April 15, awaiting its reply before April 20.

On April 20th, Kang Mao called and regiment leader Li Anbang went to Yangzhou to participate in the combat meeting convened by the headquarters of the Eighth Corps.At 9 o'clock in the morning, Chen Shiju, the commander of the Corps, was speaking when suddenly there was a burst of rapid artillery fire from the direction of the Sanjiang Camp.Soon, I received a call from the Third Artillery Regiment: a British warship with the Mi Zi flag broke into our defense area from west to east and was heading towards our position. Our army fired a warning to it and ordered it to stop advancing; Ignoring the warning, the ship forcibly sailed back up the river. My left wing battery fired at me, and the six guns on the British ship fired back at me. The two sides launched a fierce artillery battle.The British ship was shot more than 30 rounds, hoisted the white flag and sailed to the south bank, stopping about 7000 meters southwest of our position.This British warship is the "Amethyst".

"We thought that American warships might obstruct our army's crossing of the river, but we didn't expect the British to appear first?!" Commander Chen asked Kang Maozhao suspiciously before ordering to report to the General Front Committee, "Your observers Can it accurately identify the British and American flags?" Kang Maozhao replied affirmatively: "Yes. In order to deal with foreign warships, we have organized commanders and observers to study and train carefully to identify the nationality of warships." Commander Chen said: "We must also pay attention to whether this foreign warship is fraudulent. Is it possible that the Kuomintang warship is disguised by flying a foreign flag? Soldiers are not tired of fraud!"

It turned out that when the People's Liberation Army launched the Huaihai Campaign in November last year, more than 500,000 elite troops of the Kuomintang in Jiangbei were divided and surrounded by the Second and Third Field troops of the People's Liberation Army, and the entire army was on the verge of being wiped out.The civil and military officials of the Nanjing government are like frightened birds.At this time, the governments of the United States, Britain, France, and Canada successively dispatched warships to berth in Nanjing, in the name of "protecting overseas Chinese", in a gesture of support for the Nanjing government that was facing collapse. In early and mid-January 1949, the Huaihai Campaign ended successfully, eliminating the main forces and elite divisions of the Kuomintang on the battlefields of East China and the Central Plains, making Nanjing, the center of Kuomintang rule, Shanghai and Wuhan, the economic center, and other important cities under the direct threat of the People's Liberation Army. .After the Second Field and Sanye Crossing Corps arrived on the north bank of the Yangtze River, facing the complex situation in central cities such as Nanjing and Shanghai, the General Front Committee specially deployed commanders, artillery observers and other relevant personnel to study the instructions of the central government on foreign-related work. And conducted learning and training to identify the nationality of warships.

During the artillery battle, the Kuomintang artillerymen huddled on the south bank of the Yangtze River also came to join in the fun, firing shells at the PLA positions and providing fire support to the British warships. After the "Amethyst" raised the white flag, the PLA artillery stopped its shelling. Seeing that the People's Liberation Army stopped firing artillery, the "Amethyst" quickly turned its bow and fled in a hurry towards the Kuomintang army's position on the south bank of the Yangtze River. The course lost control and ran aground.During the artillery battle, the captain, Major Skinner, was seriously injured and died.

The British, who always care about face, felt that the appearance of fleeing in embarrassment while flying the white flag just now really disgraced the face of the Royal Navy; so, soon after, it lowered the white flag and raised the Union Jack.The Third Artillery Regiment, which was closely monitoring the ship, started shelling again, and rows of shells exploded around the warship. The "Amethyst" couldn't stand the bombardment, so it had to raise the white flag again.At this time, the warship was seven or eight kilometers away from the PLA position, and the river was filled with smoke. The British continued to fire for fear that the PLA would not be able to observe it, and simply raised three white flags in succession.

Only then did the People's Liberation Army stop the bombardment, and many sailors abandoned their ships and landed on the south bank, climbed on a passing train and fled to Nanjing.Even the Kuomintang soldiers who witnessed it said that they have never seen the officers and soldiers of the mighty British Empire fleeing in such a panic on Chinese soil for many years. Mao Zedong ordered: All warships that enter the theater without authorization and prevent us from crossing the river can be bombarded The gunfire didn't stop for a long time. At 1:30 in the afternoon, another British warship "HMS Companion" rushed down from the upper reaches after hearing the news, and came to reinforce the "Amethyst". The "Companion" approached the "Amethyst" three times and was blasted away by PLA artillery fire. The "Amethyst" used the radio to persuade the "Companion" to leave as soon as possible, so as not to suffer a big loss. After the "Companion" was shot 5 times in a row, it drove away from the fire net at full speed, and then drove up the north bank, using the blind spot of our field artillery position, to destroy two long-barreled field artillery of the seventh company of our artillery regiment.As it continued to drive up, it was hit head-on by the howitzers of the third artillery regiment, was shot heavily, and was forced to turn around and flee downstream. In the evening of that day, the Nanjing National Government announced its rejection of the Peking Peace Agreement, and Mao Zedong and the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China decided to forcefully cross the Yangtze River on the 21st the next day.Kang Maozhao and Li Anbang, the head of the regiment, returned to the Sanjiang camp from Yangzhou, and went to the observation post to observe the stranded British ships with high-power binoculars, carefully checking whether they were real British ships or fake British ships.Through observation, its podium, tail gun mount and other holes where the bullets were shot are clearly visible.There is a British flag on the side of the ship, and the serial number is F116, but the name of the ship is not clear.It is estimated that the ship lost control of its course after being shot on the command platform and berthed near the south bank. After dark, the surface of the river is dark and calm.The injured "Amethyst" extinguished all the lights.After 9:00 p.m., the "Mate" took advantage of the cover of night to approach the Sanjiangying River again, approached the "Amethyst", dragged the severely damaged warship out of the grounded area, and moored at the mouth of Xiajiang, west of Sanjiangying. . At this time, the battle of crossing the river was about to begin, and the position where the British ships were berthed was very unfavorable for our infantry to cross the river and land.In order to ensure the smooth progress of the battle of crossing the river, the superior ordered the Third Artillery Regiment to drive the British ship away from the current berthing position. When the Third Artillery Regiment was about to fire, there was only the sound of motors in the sky, and a British navy seaplane flew over the river.After circling for a while, the plane landed on the water surface on the other side of the "Amethyst".It was later learned that this plane had delivered supplies and a new captain to the "Amethyst".At a critical time, a warship cannot be without a captain, and the British side temporarily seized the post and appointed Major Krens, the deputy naval attache of the British Embassy in China, to take up the post.That night, Major Krens was invited to attend the banquet hosted by Gui Yongqing, Commander-in-Chief of the Kuomintang Navy in Nanjing. It is said that after he took the seat, he just took off his white gloves and before he had time to pick up his wine glass, he was called to leave the table and boarded the plane hastily to take up his post. . As soon as the British seaplane landed on the water, the cannons of our third artillery regiment began to bombard.The seaplane didn't dare to stay for long, unloaded its people and cargo hastily, and flew away in a hurry in the water column blown up by the shells. During the violent bombardment, another 8 shells hit the "Amethyst", splashing flames into the sky.If the People's Liberation Army had armor-piercing bombs at that time, the ship would have been sunk and reimbursed. Lieutenant Colonel Robertson, the captain of the "Companion", was also wounded by shrapnel.Many years later, Kang Maozhao became the ambassador of New China. He learned from British publications that a shell was shot into the ammunition bay of the "Amethyst" from below the water line, but it did not explode.The 75 field artillery warhead was later displayed in a British museum. After a period of bombardment by the People's Liberation Army, the "Amethyst" took the opportunity to flee in a hurry when the river was at high tide, and its whereabouts were not known for a while. After the British Far East Fleet headquartered in Hong Kong received reports of damage to the two ships, Vice Admiral Maiden, the deputy commander of the fleet, took the flagship "London" overnight and led the destroyer "Black Swan" to rescue at full speed. The "Amethyst" has a displacement of 1,500 tons and has 6 4-inch cannons and 8 small cannons; the "Companion" has a displacement of 1,700 tons and has 6 4.5-inch cannons and 10 small cannons.The "London" is already a cruiser with a displacement of 7,000 tons, and there are as many as nine 6-inch cannons on board. Before dawn that day, Mao Zedong, who was at the Shuangqing Villa in Xiangshan, personally drafted a telegram from the Central Military Commission to sue Su Yu and Zhang Zhen and report to the General Front Committee of the front line crossing the river—— The foreign ships you mentioned may be disguised by the Kuomintang, or they may be real. Regardless of whether they are true or not, any warship that enters the theater without authorization and hinders our army from crossing the river can be bombarded and should be dealt with as a Kuomintang warship. In the early morning of April 21, the British fleet sailed past the Jiangyin fortress, which was still occupied by the Kuomintang army, and peeked into the river controlled by the People's Liberation Army.The giant cannons on the ship pointed at the north bank of the river in a menacing manner.The Sanye Special Longitudinal Artillery Regiment, which had already been on standby, immediately fired a warning to the British fleet.The British ship relied on its armor and heavy artillery, not only ignored the warning, but opened fire on the PLA position.As a result, the artillerymen of the troops crossing the river fired multiple artillery guns along the river. In an instant, the sound of the artillery was deafening, and the British ships were shot one after another, billowing thick smoke.A U.S.-made 105 grenade hit the conning tower of the "London", and Captain Kazal was injured. Lieutenant General Maiden's white uniform was also torn by shrapnel.Seeing that Lieutenant General Maiden could not take advantage of it, he had to turn the bow of the ship and headed for Shanghai with many bullet holes. On the evening of April 21st, the Battle of Crossing the River began. Tens of thousands of boats and artillery were launched on the Yangtze River. Millions of troops broke through the natural moat of the Yangtze River and went straight to Nanjing, the ruling center of the Kuomintang government.It was not until April 26, after the army crossed the Yangtze River and occupied Nanjing, that the Third Artillery Regiment searched along the south bank of the Yangtze River according to the instructions of the central government, and only found the scarred British ship "Amethyst" on the river two miles west of Jianbi. . The incident caused by the heavy damage to the British ship "Amethyst" became a meaningful diplomatic episode before and after the majestic battle of the People's Army across the river. The sound of artillery on the Yangtze River shocked the world and shocked the British Isles The British fleet attacked the Yangtze River and was injured. The sound of the guns caused a sensation in the world! The British Royal Navy fleet, which has always been majestic on the world's oceans, was defeated by artillery fire from the CCP's troops crossing the river, and it immediately became a focus of international news reports and political comments at the time.Reuters’ comprehensive report from New York on April 21 stated that the communist army shelled four British warships in the Yangtze River, which caused a sensation in the United States.American authorities were appalled by the loss of British naval casualties, and all the New York newspapers published the news in extra-large type. At that time, foreign media were generally surprised by the extremely accurate hit rate of the PLA artillery.When Gao Le, a reporter from the United Press, interviewed the damaged "Mate" in Shanghai, he quoted a comment from an onlooker US Marine: "It's like a demonstration!" According to the English "Zi Lin Xi Bao" published in Shanghai on April 22, quoting from the casualties of the British naval authorities released by the British Navy, 17 people died on the "Amethyst" and 20 people were seriously injured. Arrived in Shanghai by train; 10 people were killed and 12 were injured on the "Companion"; 15 people were killed and 13 were injured on the "London"; 7 people were injured on the "Black Swan".Later, the British naval authorities also said that another 103 officers and soldiers were "missing". The sound of the guns shocked the British Isles even more, and aroused strong criticism of the government from the British public.British newspapers accused the British ship of "intervening in the communist army's crossing of the river" and asked: "What right does the British navy have to sail in China's inland waters?" Some newspapers lamented: "In the ancient land of the East, the myth that the Royal Navy of the British Empire is invincible Has been swept away by the waves of the times..." The British official response to the "Amethyst" incident was very complicated and contradictory.At first, the official announcement was only vague and general, and the "Amethyst" was damaged by "hostile" artillery fire, without even specifying which bank of the Yangtze River the shells came from. On April 21, the British ambassador to China, Stephen, denied to reporters that he had lodged a protest with the Chinese Communist authorities in Beiping, saying only that the Chinese Communist Party “has not received the expected order to stop shelling these British ships.” On April 23, Youde, the third secretary of the British embassy in China, went to Pukou to contact the People's Liberation Army but failed. On April 23, British Prime Minister Attlee issued a statement stating that "British warships have the legal right to enter the Yangtze River to carry out peaceful missions because they have the permission of the Kuomintang government."He also spread rumors that the People's Liberation Army "is preparing to let the British ship 'Amethyst' sail to Nanjing, but there is one condition, that is, the ship will assist the People's Liberation Army to cross the river."Former Prime Minister Churchill even asked the government to "send one or two aircraft carriers to the Far East...to retaliate by force".The British Minister of Defense Alexander falsely claimed that the Royal Warships staying in Nanjing and Shanghai are conducive to supply, radio communication, and protection of overseas Chinese. (4) After Mao Zedong found out that the other party was indeed a British ship, he gave instructions to the General Front Committee to "facilitate the rescue", drafted and issued a statement of the People's Liberation Army Headquarters in the name of General Li Tao, and publicly conveyed to the world for the first time the new China's foreign policy "to start anew After the "General Li Tao's Statement" was issued, fierce debates erupted among officials in Westminster Mr. Zhu sent Mao Zedong a letter written by the former British Consul General On the night of April 21, an army of one million launched a general offensive.On the first sleepless night of crossing the Yangtze River, in Xiangshan, the western suburb of Beiping, where the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is located, the most tense and busiest place was Jingyi Garden. The first bureau of the Central Military Commission's Operations Department (that is, the Operations Bureau) is located in those small buildings and bungalows in Jingyi Garden.The room was almost continuously ringing with the frequent tapping of telegraph keys, breaking the silence in the garden.The roof has multiple antennae sticking out into the sky.Several radio transceivers continuously received the battle situation on the front line across the river thousands of miles from the sky, and the cipherman translated it and sent it to a large room.A large military map was hung on the wall, and the staff staff gathered around a large table. They reported the progress of the battle of the troops crossing the river from the second and third fields (where the enemy's south bank position has been occupied, where the troops broke through and landed and penetrated deep, and where Start to board the ship...Continuously draw a display map at the fastest speed, or print it out with ink and glossy paper on a wax board, and distribute it to the five secretaries of the Central Committee and the heads of the Military Commission. Then, they will send the latest instructions of Mao Zedong and the Central Military Commission Immediately sent to the field army headquarters on the front line across the river. After the evening of the 21st, the first bureau of the Operation Department received the news that the first batch of troops had broken through the natural danger of the Yangtze River, and an atmosphere of excitement and joy appeared in Jingyi Garden.Good news came from the front line of the Yangtze River: the Tan Zhenlin Group, composed of the Seventh and Ninth Corps, crossed from the middle area for the first time. Thousands of wooden boats broke through the interception of enemy ships on the 100-kilometer river, and rushed south, breaking through the enemy's south bank from Lugang to The beachhead of the Tongling section successfully landed and continued to develop in depth.The heads of the Military Commission were all very happy.That night, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De came here, and Zhou Enlai, Vice Chairman of the Military Commission and Chief of Staff, also called twice from Zhongnanhai Qinzheng Hall. That night, for some reason, even the smiling face of Minister Li Tao of the War Department was stained with a small piece of ink.The next day, Zhou Enlai saw the report on the battle situation of breaking through the natural danger of the Yangtze River with the fragrance of ink, and said happily to Li Tao: "The new CPPCC meeting will be held soon, and the Central People's Government will be established. The scope of submission of this battle statistics report has expanded. You Think about it, make a plan, and print it with pictures and text." On this day, a telegram from the General Front Committee of the Frontline Crossing the River stated that at noon on the 20th, two foreign warships invaded the Third Field Army defense area at the Sanjiangying Port in the southeast of Yangzhou, and one was sunk and the other was injured.At this time, the War Department of the Military Commission was still unable to confirm that the two enemy ships in the Sanjiang Battalion that were severely damaged by our artillery were foreign warships, thinking that they were Kuomintang warships flying the British flag. Therefore, Mao Zedong drafted a telegram instruction for the Central Military Commission to return to the General Front Committee: "Regardless of whether it is true or not, any warship that enters the theater without authorization and hinders our army from crossing the river can be bombarded and should be dealt with as a Kuomintang warship." Late that night, the central office at the Beijing Hotel received a letter addressed to Commander-in-Chief Zhu De from the former British Consul General in Peiping, Bowston; Only one foreign national can accept this letter from him.The content of the letter was, "Please immediately issue the most urgent order for Huiyu to your troops along the Yangtze River to ensure the safety of the three warships" and requested "every kind of convenience for the rescue of the damaged ships." The letter was sent overnight from the city to Mr. Zhu's residence in Laiqingxuan, north of Xiangshan Hotel at that time. After reading the letter, Zhu De realized that the two warships damaged at Sanjiangying Port on the Yangtze River were indeed foreign warships, British warships.Zhu De immediately sent this letter to Mao Zedong at Shuangqing Villa.It was already 2 o'clock at night, that is, 2 o'clock in the morning on the 22nd. Mao Zedong, who had been paying close attention to the situation on the frontline of crossing the river, was very excited for Tan Zhenlin's first successful landing. He just sent a report to the General Front Committee in the name of the Military Commission, congratulating Tan Zhenlin's victory on crossing the river and agreeing to the combat deployment after crossing the river.He received a letter from the British Consul General sent by Mr. Zhu, and after learning that all the intruders in our Sanye defense area were British warships, he drafted an instruction telegram for the Central Military Commission to the General Front Committee at 3 o'clock in the morning—— General Front Committee, Su Yu, Zhang Zhen, Liu Bocheng, Zhang Jichun, Li Da: (1) I hereby forward to you a letter from the British Consul General in Peiping, Bowston; (2) The British asked our army to facilitate the rescue of the crew of the damaged British ship (Amethyst) by the two British ships. We believe that the rescue can be done under the condition that the British ships do not hinder our army from crossing the river. convenient; (3) If the British cannot agree to the request that the second British warship must sail to Nanjing to protect the overseas Chinese after the rescue work is completed, the second British warship should be ordered to sail downstream.However, if the two British warships do not listen to the advice and still sail to Nanjing, as long as they do not fire at our army and do not hinder our army from crossing the river, you should not attack them. When the above instruction telegram was just sent out, at about 5 o'clock in the morning, Su (Yu) and Zhang (Zhen) on the front line of crossing the river sent a telegram saying: All the three armies of the Eastern Group, the 29th, 28th, and 23rd, One part of the 31st Army and two divisions of the 20th Army have crossed the river near Jiangyin.The command post of the Tenth Corps has also crossed the river. Almost at the same time, the US embassy in Nanjing sent a telegram to Washington stating: "The communist army's crossing of the river began in the middle of the night. Due to the mutiny of the defenders at key points, the disagreement of the Supreme Command and the failure of the air force to provide effective support, The Communist Party crossed the Yangtze River in a ludicrous stroke." "General Li Tao's Statement" for the first time publicly conveyed the important message of new China's foreign policy of "starting from scratch" The battle of crossing the river began at midnight on the 20th when the troops of the Central Group embarked on the first crossing between Anqing and Wuhu. To the three days and nights on the 21st and 22nd, Mao Zedong hardly slept in the Shuangqing villa in Xiangshan. Even though it was late April, the temperature in Xiangshan was still very low at night, and the heating conditions in the house were poor. In addition, he worked at the desk for a long time, and his legs and hands were cold.In the middle of the night, Li Jiaji, the guard, added some clothes to him. Seeing that his eyes were bloodshot, he felt very sad. He advised him to rest and sleep for a while before working. He smiled and said: "No, the soldiers in front are crossing the Yangtze River in wooden boats. If we don't do what we should do today, I will do it tomorrow. If the telegram is sent a minute late, we don't know how many soldiers there are in the front line." It takes sacrifice; one minute later, the people in our white areas will suffer so much." On the night of the 22nd, in addition to drafting a number of telegrams for the Central Military Commission to the front line, he also personally wrote two important articles for Xinhua News Agency, "Xinhua News Agency's Yangtze River Front Line at 20:00 on the 22nd" and "22nd at 22:00 Telegram". The press releases "My 300,000 Troops Successfully Crossed the Yangtze River in the South" and "The People's Liberation Army Troops Crossed the Yangtze River with a Million Troops" reported thousands of words about the successful crossing of the Yangtze River by the People's Liberation Army to the world.The power of generalization is strong and the impact is great. Immediately afterwards, he wrote a news commentary, "The People's Liberation Army Defeated the Joint Attack of the British Imperialist Kuomintang Warships" in the name of "Xinhua News Agency's Yangtze River Front Line at 24:00 on the 22nd" on British warships invading the PLA defense area. The article begins by saying: In the battle across the river in the Jiangyin section of Zhenjiang, the People's Liberation Army defeated the joint attack of the British imperialists and the Kuomintang warships on the 20th and 21st.This matter deserves the great attention of the people of the whole country. After Mao Zedong described what happened in the article, he commented: Because of the victory in the battle against the enemy ship this time, the plan of the enemy ship to prevent us from crossing the river was broken just now, and we were able to cross the river in a large scale on the afternoon of the 21st.When our army was fighting the above five enemy ships, there were several enemy ships not far from the above five ships in the middle of the river, and they also participated in the battle, but they were afraid of our artillery fire and were not very active.Until the night of the 21st, our army thought that the above-mentioned ships were all Kuomintang warships.On the 22nd, after collecting information from various sources, it was discovered that four of the above-mentioned ships were British warships.Of the four British ships, three fled east of Jiangyin after the defeat, probably to Shanghai.Another British warship is now stranded in the river not far from Zhenjiang, and the details of the situation can only be found out after our army occupies Zhenjiang.During the battle with the above-mentioned ships, the People's Liberation Army suffered 252 casualties, and part of its positions and weapons were destroyed.The navy of the British imperialists dared to act so recklessly and colluded with the Kuomintang reactionaries to provoke the Chinese people and the People's Liberation Army, broke into the People's Liberation Army's defense area and fired artillery attacks, and directly participated in the Chinese civil war, causing the People's Liberation Army to suffer huge losses. Full responsibility must be taken. During the day on the 23rd, after seeing the reports of major Western newspapers and news agencies on the incident of the British ship on the Yangtze River from the internal reference sent by Xinhua News Agency, Mao Zedong drafted a telegram to the General Front Committee on the disposal of the British ship that night. —— General Front Committee, Su Yu, Zhang Zhen, Liu Bocheng, Zhang Jichun, Li Da: The British warship incident has shocked the world.British and American newspapers published headlines.Ask Su and Zhang to strengthen the artillery blockade on the Jiangyin side. On the one hand, the Kuomintang warships cannot escape eastward; on the other hand, the British ships that may come again cannot invade the west. Various reflections on the "Amethyst" incident in the British Isles spread to Peiping. Mao Zedong read the reference materials translated and translated these reflections, and once said to Zhu De and Zhou En: "Churchill is really a warmonger with his teeth and claws. We can't Silence, it is necessary to make a statement." Mao Zedong thought of Churchill's speech on the "Iron Curtain" of the Cold War in Missouri, the hometown of US President Truman in March three years ago (1946), and the heavy cruiser "Chongqing" presented to the Kuomintang government by the British government in May last year It became the largest cruiser in the Kuomintang Navy. In late February this year, the officers and soldiers of the ship revolted at Wusongkou in Shanghai, announcing their separation from the Kuomintang government and joining the Chinese People's Navy. On March 19, when Mao Zedong was preparing to leave Xibaipo for Peking, the United States and the Kuomintang government dispatched many heavy bombers to sink the ship near Huludao in Liaodong Bay. He was very indignant when he learned about it. On March 24, when he arrived in Baoding on his way to Peking, he and Mr. Zhu replied to the "Chongqing" captain Deng Zhaoxiang and all the officers and soldiers to express their appreciation for their heroic uprising... On April 30, when Mao Zedong wrote this statement, considering that the Central People's Government had not yet been established at that time, he personally drafted this statement by the spokesperson of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Headquarters in the name of General Li Tao.He denounced Churchill's crazy clamor about "retaliation by force", and refuted Prime Minister Attlee's fallacy that Britain "has the right to sail warships into the Yangtze River" and his shameless claim that "the People's Liberation Army wants the British ship 'Amethyst' to help cross the river" The rumor, then, solemnly declares: The People's Liberation Army requires the British, American, and French armed forces such as warships, military aircraft, and marines on the Yangtze River, Huangpu River, and other places in China to quickly withdraw from China's territorial waters, territorial waters, territories, and airspace, and not to help the enemies of the Chinese people. Fight a civil war.The Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Committee and the People's Government have not established diplomatic relations with any foreign government until now.The Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Commission and the People's Government are willing to protect foreign nationals in China engaged in normal business.The Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Committee and the People's Government are willing to consider establishing diplomatic relations with foreign countries. Such relations must be established on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, and mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity. First, they cannot help the Kuomintang reactionaries.The Chinese People's Revolutionary Military Committee and the People's Government are unwilling to accept any threatening action from any foreign government.If a foreign government wishes to consider establishing diplomatic relations with us, it must sever relations with the remnants of the Kuomintang and withdraw its armed forces from China.Attlee complained that the Chinese Communist Party was unwilling to have relations with old diplomats (consuls recognized by the Kuomintang) of foreign governments because they had not established relations with foreign countries. This complaint was groundless.In the past few years, the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and other countries have helped the Kuomintang to oppose us. Has Mr. Attlee also forgotten?The "Chongqing" heavy cruiser that was sunk not long ago was donated to the Kuomintang by some country. Doesn't Mr. Attlee know? General Li Tao, head of the Central Military Commission's Operations Department, issued the statement in his capacity as spokesman for the Chinese People's Liberation Army headquarters on behalf of Mao Zedong. On April 30, as soon as the statement was issued by Xinhua News Agency, major news agencies and major newspapers in the world reported and reprinted it one after another, arousing extensive attention and research from all over the world.It expressed to the world that the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China are not afraid of any external threats and resolutely oppose imperialist aggression.In addition, for the first time, it publicly conveyed to the world the important message of "starting from scratch" in terms of new China's foreign policy. After the "General Li Tao's Statement" was issued, heated debates erupted in the Palace of Westminster There was still fog in London at that time.Originally, most of the foggy days occurred in winter, but at the beginning of May 1949, it was already the beginning of summer, and for a day or two the city of London was shrouded in a thick layer of fog, which was a bit unusual for the weather. On April 30, General Li Tao, the spokesperson of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Headquarters, made a statement about the British ship's intrusion into the Yangtze River, which caused quite a stir in foggy London. Fierce riots erupted in the Palace of Westminster on the west bank of the Thames. debate.The largest Gothic building in the world, it was the king's palace in ancient times, and now it is the seat of the British Parliament, and it is the center of British political life.Although this palace-like building occupies a large area and has more than a thousand rooms, the important meeting hall is really not that big. Whenever there are major debates or important voting days, this rectangular meeting hall is overcrowded. On the afternoon of May 5, the meeting hall was overcrowded again.There was a heated debate in the House of Commons around this incident.The debate went on until the middle of the night.At that time, members of parliament referred to the "Amethyst" incident as the "Yangtze River Incident". Congressman, Vice Admiral Taylor said in the debate: "You cannot go up to people who have shaken off the yoke of decay and imperialism and are marching forward and say: '...we will send an emissary to connect with you.' He will Will let you know what we want you to do." Many influential MPs refuted Prime Minister Attlee's statement on April 26 that "British warships have the legal right to enter the Yangtze River to carry out peaceful missions"; . . . to retaliate by force" and the Minister of Defense Alexander's sophistry about the British ships staying in Nanking started a debate. The leader of the opposition party, Macmillan (later British Prime Minister), pointed out that the right of British warships to navigate inland waters in China had been abolished by the Sino-British New Treaty signed in Chongqing in 1943; as for the consent of the Kuomintang government, the fact is that the government warned He told us: "It will be difficult to implement that promise in the future." The public opinion circle also expressed doubts: "How could the promise of the Kuomintang be accepted by the CCP?" Lawmakers criticized the government for leaving warships on the Yangtze River.Congressman Roberts criticized that the government gave some warships to the Kuomintang a few months ago, saying that "these warships are undoubtedly used in the civil war."He traced back to the historical background and said: "For more than a hundred years, British warships have often been involved in Chinese incidents, fighting against the Chinese in China's territorial waters, arousing the anger of the Chinese everywhere." A few hours before the huge military operation began, the government approved two more warships to sail up and down the Yangtze River, which obviously easily aroused the anger of the Communist army on standby to cross the river." Some lawmakers dismissed the aircraft carrier as nonsense."Aerial cover is also absurd," Viette said, an approach that doesn't work today. "In the past, due to China's lack of unity and our superiority in weapons, a gunboat could scare the Chinese over a large area, but this can no longer be done." McMillan concluded that, now it seems that the "gunboat" concept seems too outdated. Mr. Gallagher expressed his dissatisfaction with the public opinion in the British newspapers and radio stations that the Yangtze River incident was attributed to the Communist gunners. He questioned the Congress: "If a warship from a country that was pro-Hitler was on the day we planned to attack (referring to the Allied forces in Normandy that year) Landing) into the English Channel, shouldn't we smash it to pieces?" The debate in the British House of Commons also extensively involved issues of British policy toward China, such as the recognition of the new China in the future, the Hong Kong issue, the long-term interests of the UK in China, UK-China trade, and UK assets in China, as well as the situation in China. Development estimates and countermeasures, etc.Due to the different partisan backgrounds of lawmakers, differences of opinion are inevitable.However, on the issue of the British ship breaking into the Yangtze River waterway at the risk of intervening in the Chinese civil war, most members of parliament disagreed or took a critical attitude, believing that the government lacked foresight. (5) Mao Zedong instructed the two sides to resolve the conflict on the spot, and said: Yuan Yazi presided over the negotiations, of course, that is good, Mao Zedong made "five instructions" on how to deal with foreign warships outside the Huangpu River, and the negotiations were conducted by the Zhenjiang Front Command and the "Purple The British ship "Quartz" was directly carried out. The British side tried their best to shirk the negotiation. Instead, they asked: Was General Yuan authorized by Mao Zedong? Kang Maozhao made the first contact with the representative of the British ship "Amethyst" After successfully crossing the Yangtze River, the main force developed in depth on the south bank as originally planned.The sound of gunfire has gradually faded away.It was only on April 26 that the Third Pao Regiment was ordered to cross the Yangtze River to participate in the research on the problem of the British ship "Amethyst". On the afternoon after crossing the river, Kang Maozhao led a search team to search along the south bank of the Yangtze River.The ship was lost during the second bombardment on the night of April 20. On the night of April 20, the former British embassy in Nanjing was in a panic. This was something that the Royal Navy, which has been rampant on China's inland rivers for nearly a hundred years, had never encountered.The former British ambassador to China, Steven Stevens, ordered the Consul General in Peiping, Bowston, to negotiate with the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Army. On April 21, the former British Consul General in Peiping, Bowston, had no choice but to write a letter to Commander-in-Chief Zhu De of the People's Liberation Army as an ordinary expatriate, requesting rescue. On April 23, the day when Nanjing was liberated, the gunfire had not completely subsided. Steven sent the third secretary of the former embassy in China, You De, to cross the river overnight and rush to Pukou, hoping to get in touch with the PLA command organization so that Negotiate as soon as possible about the truce and the rescue of the injured sailors of the "Amethyst".At that time, Pukou was not the main direction of the People's Liberation Army's attack. Youde only saw the combat troops crossing the river and did not find the department or personnel authorized to accept the matter, so he had to return to Nanjing empty-handed.Yoder was interviewed by a Reuters reporter.Shanghai "Zi Lin Xi Bao" quoted a Reuters report as saying: Mr. Youde voluntarily went to the Communist Army headquarters on the north bank of the Yangtze River early this morning in order to obtain a cease-fire and shoot so that the injured crew could be rescued.尤德先生仓促出行，只穿着一件海军衫，只带了一把牙刷和50块中国银元。他计划北行先朝向国民党军战线，然后再于第二天黎明时间跨人共军区域。 4月24日，渡江前线总前委根据毛泽东与中央军委指示，给炮三团下达命令：要迅速查明“紫石英号”的位置和现状，详报与英舰作战的情况，并指示“要医治其伤员，不侮辱其船员”，“亦不必俘虏该船”。 康矛召一行，在长江南岸溯江而上，往南京方向而去。经过一番寻找，终于在谏壁以西二里处发现了停泊在江水中的“紫石英号”。 康矛召立即让懂英语的参谋晓尧向江中的军舰喊话：叫对方派人过来联系。 在喊话时，康矛召拿出照相机对军舰拍照。从留下至今的照片看，该舰已经伤痕累累，舰体已经明显地歪倒而向一旁倾斜。舰船高高的桅杆上悬挂着白旗。在标着“F116”的船头上，一根小旗杆上挂着一面米字英国旗。 在拍照时，他发现“紫石英号”甲板上有人影晃动，随即放下一只破损的小舢板，一名上尉带着几名水手向岸边划来。 战士把这几个英国官兵带到康矛召的身前。他们的神色都有些惶恐不安，不知道共产党要对他们如何处置。那个上尉向康矛召行了礼，自我介绍为海军上尉傅立门。 康矛召向对方询问了一些情况后，向傅立门表示：一、英舰擅自侵入中国人民解放军防区，炮击我军阵地，造成我军伤亡252人，大量村舍被毁，英方应对此暴行负完全责任；二、英舰应向我军道歉，并保证以后不再发生与中国人民敌对的行为；三、我军保留向英国要求赔偿损失、严惩凶手的一切权利；四、“紫石英号”停在目前位置，不得移动，否则将被认为是继续挑衅而予击沉。 傅立门表示：已经身亡的舰长斯金勒少校应对此事件负主要责任；该舰现不移动，请求勿再炮击；赔偿问题须经由英国政府及其代表谈判解决。 康矛召回到团部，即将这次接触与所了解到的“紫石英号”英舰的情况向兵团及总前委作了报告。 军委指示，由前线司令部与“紫石英号”英舰直接谈判 新中国成立不久，袁仲贤将军就以新中国驻印度首任特命全权大使身份出使新德里。不久，他曾在印度首都见到了“二战”中东南亚盟军最高指挥官蒙巴顿勋爵的夫人埃德温娜。这位夫人在英国与印度都很有身份，她对袁仲贤意味深长地说，战后英国在国际上处境也有困难，因为英国要应付“一个幼稚、莽撞、不成熟的美国”。她的话隐含有英国对美国支持蒋介石打内战的委婉批评，并为英国支持美国的侵朝战争开脱。但她承认，在中国内战期间，英国“紫石英号”军舰进入长江的做法是不对的。据当时在袁仲贤大使身边工作的裴默农说：“因为当年袁仲贤将军是我方参加'紫石英号'谈判的当事人之一，蒙巴顿夫人的这番话算是通过与这一事件的直接有关者所作的非正式道歉吧。” 袁仲贤将军的经历是很不平常的。 他是湖南长沙人，1924年入党，毛泽东是他的入党介绍人。黄埔军校一期学员，在军校担任中共学员支部书记。与周恩来一起参加了“八一”南昌起义。曾到莫斯科中山大学学习。在土地革命、抗日战争、解放战争中都作出过重大贡献。在渡江战役前后，他任三野第八兵团政委、南京警备司令兼政委、第三野战军参谋长暨华东军区参谋长。 在“紫石英号”英舰事件发生后，他是经中央军委批准、在南京警备司令兼政委的任上被指定为中方谈判代表的。当总前委上报由袁仲贤做谈判代表时，毛泽东看了函电后就说：由袁伢子主持谈判，那当然好，我知道他。 4月30日，由毛泽东起草的中国人民解放军总部发言人李涛将军的声明发布后，英国政府研究了数天后，于5月5日这天，同时采取了两项行动—— 英国原驻南京大使馆一等秘书潘以安奉命来到南京市军管会外事处，递交了一份备忘录。备忘录中既不就“紫石英号”事件道歉，也不承认其错误侵入解放军防区的事实，只是称： 英国海军当局拟将现时停泊镇江、正接近扬子江南岸之“紫石英号”迅速驶离至中国境外之港口，以便做必要之修理，而使此舰能恢复适宜航行。此舰吃水线之上下部均损坏甚剧，如不能使其早日驶进船坞，恐将不能航行。因之，希望人民解放军谅解能准许保护此舰平安通过，使其驶离中国领水为荷。 同日，英国政府国防大臣亚历山大煞有介事地在下议院宣布，英国派往香港的第一批援军——皇家陆军一个营和皇家炮兵的一个野战团、皇家工兵的一个野战中队将于近日从英国本土出发。名义上说是援助香港，实际上是欲借此对人民解放军实施威胁，以达到让解放军让步的目的。 潘以安走后，南京市军管会立即就与英国人谈判事宜向中央军委请示。 中央军委很快就回电指示： 关于“紫石英号”军舰的交涉事宜，我们应以前线司令部的名义与该舰负责人进行直接谈判，如南京大使馆有人从中参与，我们只承认其以个人资格商谈救护该舰伤亡人员。如涉及该舰的责任与行动，我们应坚持与“紫石英号”直接谈判。 按照中央指示精神，总前委与中共南京市委决定以南京警备司令部的名义，委派第三野战军第八兵团政委袁仲贤将军以镇江前线司令员的身份为谈判代表，以英国皇家海军远东舰队为谈判对手。初步拟定的谈判目标是，要求英国人承认它首先开炮，并就此道歉；如果英国人做到了，便可由解放军押解“紫石英号”舰出境，然后再继续谈判惩办凶手和赔偿问题。 5月18日，袁仲贤司令员为正式授权康矛召上校代表他执行谈判，致函英国远东舰队司令员布朗特海军上将： 中国人民解放军镇江前线司令员袁仲贤将军兹正式授权中国人民解放军康矛召上校代表本人与英国皇家海军远东舰队司令正式授权之代表举行谈判，解决英国海军军舰1949年4月20日侵入中国内河长江一案，并授权康矛召上校对于前述谈判获进一步之协议文件，代表本人签字。 同时，康矛召以炮三团政治委员的身份通知“紫石英号”舰长克仁斯上校三点事项： 一、中国人民解放军镇江前线司令部对于英国海军军舰于4月20日侵犯中国人民解放军阵地之暴行及其所应负的责任，决定经由谈判解决。 二、余已受中国人民解放军镇江前线指挥部指派为上项谈判之代表。因此余要求4月20日肇事之英国军舰所属舰队长官指派该当事军舰舰长或该舰队之适当军官，担任英国舰队方面之代表举行此项谈判。 三、并请贵方所指派之代表与本人联络，以便交换贵我两方代表证件，规定时间与地点及开始此项谈判。 英国海军曾经在大英帝国兴盛时代称霸世界海洋，并自诩皇家海军在这个世界上“无处不在”。虽然经过两次世界大战，英国这个“日不落帝国”的力量和影响已经有所衰弱，但是要英国皇家海军参加一次涉及其错误和责任的谈判，它总还是不心甘情愿的。 英方竭力推脱谈判，只想让军舰溜走了事 5月23日，就在第三野战军对被包围的上海市发起总攻的时候，“紫石英号”舰长克仁斯少校从军舰乘舢板登岸，要求向镇江前线司令袁仲贤将军亲交英国远东舰队总司令布朗特海军上将的一份电函。 袁仲贤接到报告后，同意接见克仁斯少校。 当时，上海解放在即，上海黄浦江外停泊着好几个国家的军舰，因前面已产生“紫石英号”英舰事件，三野负责人粟裕、张震曾经向中央发电请示对黄浦江外的外国军舰如何处置。 5月20日，毛泽东为中共中央军委起草了“复粟、张并告总前委、刘伯承、张际春、李达电”。袁仲贤也接到了总前委特别转来的这份重要电报，作为他处理“紫石英号”英舰的重要文件依据。他反复看了几遍，觉得中央军委的电报来得很及时，使他更便于掌握与英国方面谈判的分寸。 毛泽东起草的这份电报内容如下—— （一）黄浦江是中国内河，任何外国军舰不许进入，有敢进入并自由行动者，均得攻击之；有向我发炮者，必须还击直至击沉击伤或驱逐出境为止。 （二）但如有外国军舰在上海停泊未动，并未向我军开炮者，则不要射击。 （三）中国及外国轮船为敌军装载军队及物资出入黄浦江者，亦应攻击之。 （四）中国及外国轮船在上海停泊未动者，或得我方同意开行者，准其停泊或开行，并予以保护。 （五）为了对付外国军舰的干涉，你们应有充分的精神准备与实力准备，将外国干涉者的武装力量歼灭或驱逐之，如感兵力或炮火不足应速从他处抽调补足。 5月24日，炮三团股长戴国良陪同克仁斯少校来到镇江前线司令部，拜见袁仲贤将军和康矛召政委。克仁斯当面向袁仲贤将军递交了布朗特将军的信。 袁仲贤接过信后，问道：“你还有什么需要说明的吗？” 克仁斯说：“将军阁下，所有的意思都在信里写明白了。” 布朗特在信中称—— 一、“紫石英偶然事件”的讨论已由英国大使在南京开始，此属高级外交范围之事，我无权决定在“紫石英号”舰长与中国人民解放军之间作关于4月20日不幸事件的责任问题的任何讨论。 二、不予“紫石英号”安全航行的惟一理由可能是它的移动影响到军事行动或者可能使舰艇陷入危险。出于任何其他理由的扣留当然会产生最严重的国际后果。最好是将“紫石英号”向下游航行之事在有关海陆军司令官之间来解决。 三、我请求准许“紫石英号”安全通过所有为中国人民解放军所控制的地方而下驶。 四、我授权克仁斯少校解释此函中任何需要解释之点并安排该舰之安全航行。 袁将军听翻译将信译完后，用严肃的目光打量着这位英军少校，像是探究自诩有“绅士风度”的英国人为什么竟然当面撒谎呢？所谓南京方面正在进行“高级外交谈判”，真是子虚乌有。一个英国海军上将，怎么也会认为如此欺骗的谎言再加上武力威胁，就可以让久经考验的人民解放军妥协，放走肇事的“紫石英号”？ 袁仲贤朝这个英国少校轻蔑地一笑，当即指出：“英国军舰侵犯中国内河及闯入中国人民解放军阵地的行为，显然是一种侵略行为，是中国人民所不能原谅的。” 克仁斯却想避开此问题，反而说：“请允许我陈述，我无权讨论该事件之责任问题，此项讨论此刻已在南京进行中。我可否与袁将军讨论使'紫石英号'安全撤离长江的问题？” 袁仲贤明确地说：“所谓在南京已开始的外交谈判完全不确，因为中国人民政府此时与英国政府尚无外交关系。谈判只有在我们这儿进行的惟一的一个。在英舰未履行其应负责任之前，我不准备讨论其安全驶离的问题。” 克仁斯仍旧支支吾吾地在说着布朗特来函的内容。 袁仲贤此时站起身了，临走前他再次告诉克仁斯：“关于英舰所应履行的责任问题，你可以在此与我的代表康矛召上校商谈，其他问题不必与我谈。” 克仁斯见袁仲贤准备离开，忙站起来追问道：“袁将军何时允许'紫石英号'驶离长江？如蒙允许，我们随时可以撤离。” 袁仲贤说：“在英舰履行其应负的责任以前，我批准我的代表康上校与英舰方面讨论其安全撤离之措施。” 袁仲贤说罢，朝门口走去。 克仁斯忙致谢，显得甚为尴尬。 接下来，克仁斯与康矛召继续谈判。两人激烈交锋，各不相让。康矛召向克仁斯递交了一份备忘录。该备忘录列举了“紫石英号”及其他肇事英舰曾武装侵犯中国内河及中国人民解放军阵地，造成解放军伤亡252人、解放区人民之巨大损失的事实，要求英国舰队之代表履行下述责任： 一、承认英国军舰的上述行为是错误的，并向中国人民解放军道歉； 二、赔偿中国人民解放军及肇事地点人民所受之损失； 三、我方准备在贵方履行上述之责任后，即与贵方讨论肇事英舰及其人员移出长江之办法； 四、本备忘录所列各项请即转报英国远东舰队总司令。 最后，关于两名参加侵犯行为的受伤的英国水兵，中方为了中英两国人民的友谊，已给予治疗和较优的营养与衣服，并允许他俩返回“紫石英号”，康矛召让克仁斯立即办理正式的交接手续。克仁斯表示感谢。 5月27日和31日，克仁斯又接连转来布朗特上将给袁仲贤的电函，诡称“紫石英号”系执行“和平使命”而被炮火击伤，其他英舰系前往救援，因而“英国诸舰对此事件是没有责任的”。 克仁斯问：袁将军是否是由毛泽东、朱德授权的？ 5月31日，康矛召在江边的东窑头村约见克仁斯。双方进行了交锋。 康矛召首先说：“英方将责任问题的谈判与'紫石英号'的撤离分为两件事，试图逃避责任，这将是徒劳与无效的。我必须再次申明，必须在'紫石英号'履行责任后，中方才可以考虑它的离去问题。” 克仁斯又扯起皮来：“在布朗特上将的信函中已经说明，我无权讨论责任问题。” 康矛召问克仁斯：“我愿知道布朗特上将两次函电中所谓此事可能'产生最严重的国际后果'和'最不幸的结果'等用语，作何解释？我是否可以解释为对中国人民解放军的一种威胁？” 克仁斯马上说：“不。这绝无威胁的含意。” 康矛召问：“你说不含威胁的意思，这段话又怎么解释？” 克仁斯说：“布朗特海军上将把这段话解释为：此举将引起国际上相当的非议，并危及英中人民间存在的友谊，全不涉及威胁问题。” 康矛召立即正告对方，说：“是的，像英国兵舰侵入中国内河并炮击中国人民解放军这样严重的事件，一定会引起世界舆论的关注。全世界凡是有正义感的和平人民，包括英国人民在内，一定非常重视此事。在此，我要声明我们的立场，并请阁下注意的，就是中国人民解放军是不可被威胁的。中国人民经历了八年的与强大的日本帝国主义的战争，和三年来与强大帝国主义支持下的国民党反动政府的作战，并赢得胜利，中国人民是有力量而不为任何威胁所屈服的。” 克仁斯再次否认他们有威胁之意，并表示说：“布朗特上将对此事件深感遗憾。” 康矛召当即表示说：“布朗特没有提到英舰的侵犯行为和应负的责任，仅仅表示遗憾是很不够的。” 克仁斯又说：“现在首先要说的，就是不管这件事最后结果如何，必须在一个高级的范围去讨论。这就是为什么布朗特上将在信中说我无权来讨论全部的责任问题的原因，也就是为什么此事要由我们的大使或总司令向南京或上海或北平来处理的原因。” 克仁斯为什么谈及上海？因为在三天前。即5月27日，上海已为人民解放军解放。 康矛召反驳说：“在正常时期，这样的事件是可以交外交范围来处理的。中国人民现在还没有和贵国建立外交关系，因此这一事件只可由当事的双方各秉其上级的指示解决。” 克仁斯此时又提出另一个问题：“袁仲贤将军是否由毛泽东、朱德或人民解放军总参谋部直接授权的？要点是，袁仲贤将军所说的每