Chapter 29 Zhang Bojun proposed "Political Design Institute"

After a four-day adjournment, on the afternoon of May 21, the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee convened a symposium for leaders of various democratic parties, which entered its eighth meeting. Zhang Bojun spoke. Zhang Bojun held the leadership positions of two democratic parties: the chairman of the Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, and the first vice chairman of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League. Zhang Bojun's political experience can be described as changeable: Zhang Bojun was born in Tongcheng, Anhui in 1895.He graduated from Wuchang National Normal School in 1920, and later served as the principal of Anhui Xuancheng Normal School.Because he hired Yun Daiying, Peng Pai and other left-wing figures to teach, he was dismissed from the post of principal.

In September 1922, Zhang Bojun left Shanghai to study in Germany on the French ship "Algeria".On the ship, he met General Zhu De, and the conversation was extremely speculative.After arriving in Germany, Zhang Bojun served as Zhu De's secretary.At the end of the year, Zhu De joined the CCP, and Zhang Bojun also joined the CCP.Therefore, Zhang Bojun was one of the few early party members of the CCP. Afterwards, he joined the Chinese Kuomintang and crossed the two parties. In the spring of 1926, Zhang Bojun returned to China.He served as the Chairman of the Military and Agricultural Joint Committee of the Central Peasant Department of the Chinese Kuomintang.In 1927, he married Li Jiansheng. ①

Soon, he participated in the Nanchang Uprising of the Communist Party of China and marched south with the army.After the failure, he went to Hong Kong. Since then, he has separated from the CCP. In 1928, Zhang Bojun, Deng Yanda, Tan Pingshan and others initiated and organized the Chinese Revolutionary Party, also known as the "Third Party"—that is, the third party outside the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Kuomintang.Zhang Bojun has joined both the Communist Party and the Kuomintang, and now he has set up the banner of the "third party". In May 1930, the Chinese Revolutionary Party was renamed the "Provisional Action Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang".

In 1933, he participated in the anti-Chiang incident initiated by the Kuomintang leftists Jiang Guangnai, Cai Tingkai, Li Jishen and Chen Mingshu in Fuzhou. After the failure, he and his wife Li Jiansheng went into exile in Japan. In 1935, the "Chinese Kuomintang Provisional Action Committee" was reorganized into the "Chinese National Liberation Action Committee".In February 1947, it was renamed "Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party".Zhang Bojun is one of the founders of the China Peasants and Workers Democratic Party and has been the chairman of the party.

After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Bojun came to Nanjing and served as a member of the National Political Council.He advocated active resistance to war and cooperated with the CCP, and was expelled from the Kuomintang. He participated in the establishment of the China Democratic Political Group Alliance and served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee and Minister of the Organization Department.In October 1944, the China Democratic Political Group League was changed to the China Democratic League, and he still served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee and chairman of the Central Organization Committee.Therefore, he is one of the main leaders of the China Democratic League.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Bojun advocated the establishment of a democratic country and opposed the civil war.Between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Zhang Bojun increasingly opposed the Kuomintang and supported the Communist Party.In January 1948, Zhang Bojun sent a telegram in Hong Kong to respond to the CCP’s proposal to convene a new CPPCC and establish a democratic coalition government.In September of this year, he came to the Northeast Liberated Area and completely sided with the CCP. In 1949, Zhang Bojun came to Beiping to attend the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Soon, Zhang Bojun became the Minister of Communications of the People's Republic of China. In 1954, Zhang Bojun served as the Vice Chairman of the Second National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Looking at Zhang Bojun’s political path: this political activist who joined the CCP in his early years, later joined the Kuomintang, and then hoped to establish a third party outside the CCP and the Kuomintang, finally became a close friend of the CCP. As Zhang Bojun is the vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the chairman of the Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, the first vice chairman of the China Democratic League and the president of "Guangming Daily", he is very important among democrats, so his speech is very eye-catching.

At the first symposium for leaders of democratic parties held by the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhang Bojun said a few innocuous words.It was not until the eighth symposium that he said some weighty words. Zhang Bojun's speech this time put forward the idea of ​​"Political Design Institute". Zhang Bojun first said: "Today, I'm talking about my personal opinion. In the past twenty days, all parts of the country have been talking about conflicts among the people, helping the Communist Party to rectify, and putting forward many opinions. It seems normal. The leadership of the Communist Party, the policies of the Communist Party, and the criticism of the Communist Party And the spirit of self-criticism and the spirit of democracy have achieved great results....Speaking and letting go do not affect the leadership of the Communist Party, but increase the prestige of the Communist Party more and more.”

Then, Zhang Bojun talked about the "Political Design Institute". The following is the original text of Zhang Bojun's speech published in the "People's Daily" on May 22, 1957. The title is "Now there are design institutes in industry, but there are no design institutes in politics".Zhang Bojun said: "Now there are many design institutes in industry, but there is no design institute for many political facilities. I think the CPPCC, the People's Congress, the democratic parties, and the people's organizations should be the four design institutes in politics. We should give more play to these design institutes The role. Some basic political constructions must be handed over to them for discussion in advance, three cobblers will form one Zhuge Liang."

This is the origin of the famous "Political Design Institute". This passage, no matter whether it is from the beginning to the end, or from the end to the beginning, I can't see anything "out of the box". Zhang Bojun's "Political Design Institute" refers to the CPPCC, the National People's Congress, democratic parties, and people's organizations, not anything else.The meaning of his "political design" is nothing more than "political basic construction", which is first discussed with the four "political design institutes" of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the National People's Congress, the democratic parties, and the people's organizations, because "three cobblers form one Zhuge Liang".

Zhang Bojun criticized the State Council in his speech.He said: "The State Council often produces finished products in meetings, and such formalistic meetings can be held less." What Zhang Bojun said is that he hopes to use the State Council as a "political design institute".As transportation secretary, he often attends State Department meetings.In his view, the meeting of the State Council should be a "political design" meeting, that is, let ministers participate in the design, rather than "come out with finished products." Such a plain statement by Zhang Bojun was later listed as a "famous rightist viewpoint" and suffered historical injustice. In fact, the "Political Design Institute" was not invented by Zhang Bojun, but by Mao Zedong in the first place!Zhang Bojun just borrowed Mao Zedong's words and played them. Probably because of this, although Mao Zedong criticized the "Political Design Institute" proposed by Zhang Bojun many times later, he did not deny the "Political Design Institute" itself. On October 13, 1957, Mao Zedong said in his speech entitled "Firmly Believe in the Majority of the Masses" delivered at the Thirteenth Session of the Supreme State Council: “The draft outline for agricultural development was put forward by the Communist Party of China and designed by the Political Design Institute of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, not by Zhang Bojun’s ‘Political Design Institute’.”① This passage clearly shows that Mao Zedong did not oppose the "Political Design Institute" itself, but believed that politics should be "designed by the Political Design Institute of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China" and must not be designed by other "Political Design Institutes". In fact, Zhang Bojun advocated that the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the National People's Congress, democratic parties, and people's organizations should also serve as "political design institutes." What's wrong? Zhang Bojun also said: "Don't wait for the CPPCC and the National People's Congress to expire. This year, you can discuss major issues to be done next year. You can't rely entirely on the inspection system. You need to discuss things that the country is going to do." "In the past one or two years, the government has made arrangements for the elderly intellectuals, which have achieved great results. However, there are still some intellectuals with lesser reputations who have undergone great changes in their thinking and have difficulties in life. The government should There are policies in place to solve their problems step by step." "The party and the government should make up their minds to check the problems left over from the suppression of counter-revolutionaries, the three anti-revolutionaries, and the eradication of counter-revolutionaries. The inspection must be prepared and done well."