Chapter 28 Zhang Xiruo criticizes "great success"

The "temperature" is rising day by day. On the afternoon of May 13, 1957, at the fifth symposium of leaders of the democratic parties held by the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhang Xiruo spoke. Zhang Xiruo, who has no party and affiliation, is known as a "person without party affiliation".As mentioned above, people without party affiliation are also regarded as a "faction", and Zhang Xiruo is a well-known person without party affiliation, so he also attended the symposium of the leaders of the various democratic parties.

Zhang Xiruo studied in the United States in his early years and lived as a professor after returning to China.He successively served as a professor of political science at Beijing University of Political Science and Law, China University, Central University, Tsinghua University, Peking University, and Southwest Associated University. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Xiruo supported the CCP's idea of ​​a coalition government, supported the students' democratic movement, refused to attend the National Political Council, and became a friend of the CCP. In September 1949, Zhang Xiruo, as a representative of people without party affiliation, attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held in Beiping.

Since then, he has served as a member of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, a member of the Standing Committee of the Tsinghua University Council, and a professor. Zhang Xiruo dared to speak, and he was quite insightful.For example, the name of the country "People's Republic of China" was originally proposed by Mr. Zhang Xiruo. That was on June 21, 1949, the first meeting of the Preparatory Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held.The fourth preparatory group for the conference is responsible for drafting the Organic Law of the Central People's Government.The team was headed by Dong Biwu and Zhang Xiruo as the acting deputy leader.During the drafting process, the issue of country names was involved.Someone proposed to use "People's Republic of China", but Zhang Xiruo listened and suggested changing to "People's Republic of China".Zhang Xiruo's proposal was accepted by the first plenary meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and written into the "Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference"...

Zhang Xiruo is a professor after all, a professor of political science after all, he likes to summarize his speech into a few points.He said that the roots of the three major doctrines of bureaucracy, subjectivism, and sectarianism are three sentences, namely, "taking credit for oneself, low level of knowledge, and lack of experience." The next day, he made a speech again, criticizing the "four major deviations" in the work of the CCP and the government: "Like great success, eager for quick success, despise the past, and superstitious about the future." As soon as he said a word, all four people were shocked.

Zhang Xiruo came slowly and explained the "four major deviations" in detail. The first is "great success". Zhang Xiruo said: "Some people like to make great achievements in their work, and they like to be 'big' in everything. One is to have a large form, and the other is to have a large organization. Among them, the large form is the most prominent and most popular." Zhang Xiruo gave an example: "The auditorium of the newly-built Beijing Hotel is too big. It doesn't matter whether it is suitable or not. Last year, the report meeting was held in that auditorium. The effect was: the sound was too loud for the front row. The people sitting in the back couldn’t hear clearly, so it had to be held in Tianqiao Theater instead. In Wangfujing’s department store, only three floors of the sixth floor are used for business. It is said that there are auditoriums and offices on it, but there are no warehouses, only the auditorium. Offices, rather than warehouses, are a wonderful thing."

Zhang Xiruo went on to analyze: "The reason for being so overjoyed, to put it mildly, is because of 'childishness'. For example, children always want big apples, no matter whether they are delicious or not. If they are too big, the result will be rough." The second is "quick for quick success". Zhang Xiruo said: "Everything must be done quickly and quickly. What are you talking about marching into science? After a few years of university graduation, you can take the exam for a doctorate degree, etc. It is not that simple to do learning. Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao overturned the "law of conservation of parity" ', caused a sensation all over the world. Yang Zhenning has a good foundation in mathematics and has graduated from university for more than ten years, and not everyone who has graduated for more than ten years can do this. I said that research requires investment. It is possible that only a few of these people can really make a contribution, and some people will become nerds, but it doesn’t matter, what’s so great about having a few nerds out of a population of 600 million! I think there are some things that should not be rushed Let’s do it, try our best to do it in the third five-year plan.”

The third is "contempt for the past". Zhang Xiruo said: "History is inherited step by step. Every society must inherit the things from the previous stage. Of course, the deviation of 'contempt for the past' has changed a lot in recent years, but it is still very serious. It seems to be something Counting after liberation, everything before was feudalism and was included in the list of overthrows. It seems that before Marx was born, human beings had no culture. Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy, Zhao Ziang’s paintings, Li Bai’s, Du Fu’s poems, etc., were all feudalism. .But the Soviet cultural circle commemorated Sima Qian, but we didn't pay attention to it."

The fourth is "scientific belief in the future." Zhang Xiruo said: "We all know that fifty years from now will be better than it is now... In the future, some will develop, some will stagnate, some will retreat, and some will disappear. And the development will also be uneven....The future will be good, but not bad. Indiscriminate, indiscriminate, fine. You can't have a mechanical view of the future." Although Professor Zhang Xiruo's speech sounds shocking, judging from his entire speech, it is completely well-intentioned. "People's Daily" prominently published Zhang Xiruo's speech under the title of "I am very happy for success, eager for quick success, despise the past, and superstitious about the future".

Mao Zedong looked at it, and said: "It's great to rejoice, what's wrong? We just want to appreciate the greatness of socialism and rejoice in the merits of socialism!" Probably Zhang Xiruo's four sentences left a deep impression on Mao Zedong, so he talked about Zhang Xiruo's words again when he spoke at the Supreme State Council on September 5, 1958, more than a year later. Four sentences: At that time, I said a few unpleasant words and criticized "I am very happy for success, eager for quick success, despise the past, and superstitious about the future."You say it's bad, I say it's good, isn't that a counterplay?Some people feel really comfortable after reading those four comments. "The Communist Party loves great success, is eager for quick success, despises the past, and superstitiously believes in the future. How can it be justified!" I said, it happened to be justified.Why do some people support that criticism?It is because they either do not have a deep understanding of the three sciences of dialectical and historical materialism, Marxist political economy, proletarian struggle and dictatorship of the proletariat, or simply do not pay much attention to them, so they lack analysis.What analysis?There are bourgeois philosophies, and there are proletarian philosophies. There are two kinds of philosophies.There is the quick success of the bourgeoisie, and the quick success of the proletariat. "Those who grow for profit are also followers of Zhi", this is probably a category of today's bourgeoisie.Those who work hard for profit are also capitalists.What about us?We are another kind of quick success.As for despising the past and superstitiously believing in the future, there are also differences in classes.The bourgeoisie is superstitious about the past and despises the future.The antiques of the past are treasures. As for the future, communism and socialism are bullshit.Isn't this superstitious about the past and despising the future? ①