Chapter 15 Five, blood suspicion

There are fake medicines sold in the hospital, and we would never have imagined that there is fake blood and poisonous blood flowing out of the blood bank! We are faced with the threat of substandard blood. According to the report of "Fangyuan" magazine: Among the blood stored in 10 blood banks in the Beijing area, 5% had a transaminase index higher than 130 units (normal value), of which the highest was 606 units, and the positive rate of HBsAg was 13%.Ten samples of blood were randomly checked by a certain blood research institute, one of which was high in transaminase, and four were positive for HBsAg, with a pass rate of only 50%.

According to a report in Legal Monthly, individual blood sellers have become a high-risk group for spreading blood-borne diseases.Carriers of HBsAg in individual blood donor populations are as high as 30-40%, and in some blood donors, HBsAg carriers are as high as 60-70%.A media outlet in Shanxi Province revealed that one AIDS patient and 134 HIV carriers were found in the province, and 132 of them were confirmed to have contracted the disease through blood.People have reasons to doubt the reliability and safety of clinical blood. According to the information provided by virus experts from the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, about 20% of the people susceptible to hepatitis in the country are infected with hepatitis virus through blood transfusion.

These figures cannot be brought to court, and they can only weigh heavily on the hearts of every Chinese who cares about their own destiny.When such blood is rampant like a disease wearing a hypocritical mask, flowing into every dying life, should it be treated or killed? This is poisonous blood, and fake blood is equally terrifying—— A 14-year-old girl in a mountain village in Heilongjiang Province unfortunately encountered a car accident on the way to visit relatives. Enthusiastic passers-by took her bleeding profusely and unconscious to a nearby hospital, where medical staff rushed to rescue her.The blood bank sent the blood in time, and the vice president of business went to the operating table in person.

However, a few hours later, her young life was still ruined under the claws of "hemorrhagic shock". The doctor flipped through the rescue records and was puzzled: 1200 ml of blood was transfused to the wounded during the rescue. Every 400 ml should increase the hemoglobin of the wounded by at least 1 gram, and 1200 ml should increase at least 3 grams. 5 grams, 5.7 grams of hemoglobin after blood transfusion, the increase is less than 1 gram. Is it blood or water? The girl's parents leaned over their daughter's dead body and wept bitterly. They resented the unfair fate and cursed the driver who caused the accident. In fact, they didn't know that there was a seemingly kind but more vicious murderer—fake blood, which had extremely high levels of normal ingredients. Low, extremely poor quality blood that is used to save lives!

It is difficult for people to tell, how many kind and innocent people were "killed" by such blood? What flows out of the water pipe is water, and what flows out of the blood vessels should be blood! Even blood is contaminated by fakes, what else can we trust? Since the Austrian scientist Carl Landsteiner first infused blood into the patient's body as a treatment method in 1900, blood has made an indelible contribution to saving the lives of patients and ensuring people's health in the past century, and has played an important role in medical and scientific research. Its important position cannot be ignored, and its miraculous function and unique effect cannot be replaced by any other substance at present.In the past and for a long period of time in the future, the intake of this special substance can only come from the body of healthy people.

Blood transfusion is an effective means to treat diseases and rescue critically ill patients. However, blood transfusion may also have various side effects, especially the spread of diseases, which is ignored by many people. In March 1997, there was a sensational incident of HIV infection due to transfusion of blood products in Japan, with more than 200 victims. In March 1999, a blood transfusion caused 800 people to be infected with hepatitis C virus in Germany. The reason was that the hospital transfused blood with hepatitis C virus into the patient. Blood was originally expected to cure diseases and save lives, but it brought new diseases and more pain. People began to cast doubtful eyes on the bright red blood.

At around 9:00 pm on May 13, 1994, Fang Dongming, Uncle Yu Ping, and Wang Shitang, employees of the Huangfeng Cement General Factory in Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province, were feeding materials in front of the furnace when suddenly the shaft kiln caught fire and the three were seriously burned.The factory immediately sent the three people to the Quzhou Burn Treatment Center located in the Juhua Group Workers Hospital. At that time, the burn area of ​​the three people was more than 50%. In order to save their lives, the three people were injected with blood from Jiande City. station provided blood.One month later, the burns were cured, but all three experienced symptoms such as anorexia, abdominal discomfort, yellow skin, and high fever.A blood test revealed hepatitis C, and Uncle Yu Ping had developed liver cirrhosis.

Hepatitis C makes them lose their original jobs and the ability to work. This is a pity for farmers who only rely on manual labor to make ends meet.Among the three, Fang Dongming is only 33 years old, Wang Shitang is 36 years old, and Uncle Yu Ping is 37 years old.Relatives and friends learned that they had hepatitis and avoided them like the plague.Among the three, the wives of two filed for divorce.According to the doctor, if the condition is not controlled, it is very likely to develop into liver cirrhosis or even liver cancer. On November 15, 1998, the Zhejiang Quzhou Intermediate People's Court found that the blood station in Jiande City did not have a blood collection certificate, and it was illegal blood collection and blood supply. test.The court ruled that the Juhua Group Workers Hospital should pay the three victims 103,000 yuan, and the Jiande blood station should pay 155,000 yuan.

However, if you lose money, you cannot lose your health!The fire did not kill the three farmers in their prime of life, but the terrible hepatitis may torture them all their lives. Hepatitis or malaria from blood transfusion is enough to scare people, but AIDS from blood transfusion makes us even more frightened. A 16-year-old boy lives in this horrible reality. According to the report in the second issue of "Kangyuan" in 1999, on February 6, 1998, the tenth day of the Lunar New Year.Chakou Village, Yaomiao Township, Linfen City, Shanxi Province is immersed in the joy of the Spring Festival.Although it was almost midnight, the villagers were still sitting around at home, enjoying the TV program with great interest.

Song Xishan's family did not fall asleep either.Lao Song is a retired employee of Linfen Textile Factory. After getting married, his wife is a farmer, so he settled his family in the countryside.Their only son, Song Pengfei, is 16 years old. After graduating from junior high school, he went to the district computer school.A family of three enjoyed themselves happily.No one could have imagined that an unexpected tragedy was quietly approaching them. Lao Song recalled the scene at that time, it was still like a nightmare. "At around 12 o'clock that night, after I finished my pedicure, I casually threw the scissors into the arm of the sofa, only to hear an 'ah', and Pengfei, who was just standing by the sofa watching TV, sat down on the scissors. Because the room was very dark, my son and I were facing each other, and all this happened so suddenly, so we still can't tell how it happened by such a coincidence."

Lao Song and his wife rushed to their son, only to see that the tip of the scissors had pierced two small holes on the inner side of his left thigh, and the bright red blood soaked a small piece of his trousers.The couple hurriedly took their son to see a doctor. They found a doctor's home. The doctor sewed four stitches on Pengfei's wound, wrapped it in gauze, and comforted Lao Song, saying: "The wound is not deep, just use penicillin to reduce the inflammation after returning home." It's gone." Lao Song asked a girl who graduated from the health school in the neighbor's house to infuse penicillin for Pengfei for a few days, but it didn't work. On February 17, Lao Song took his son to the Second People's Hospital of Linfen City to see a doctor after being introduced by his neighbor Bai Xiaoguan.An old doctor surnamed Zhao in the outpatient department opened the bandage for Pengfei and saw that the wound was still not healed and there was blood oozing out.Dr. Zhao immediately asked Wang Zhaohu, the deputy director of the Shanghai Branch, and Han Zhangjie, the doctor, for a consultation. They agreed that an exploratory operation was needed, so they admitted Pengfei to the ward. On the morning of February 18, Wang Zhaohu informed Lao Song to perform surgery on Pengfei in the afternoon. He believed that Pengfei's hemoglobin was low and he needed to transfuse 300ml of blood first.Wang Zhaohu said to Bai Xiaoguan who was standing beside him: "Go to your brother-in-law and ask him to go to Lao Li. Lao Li is a blood donor of our hospital for more than ten years and lives next to the hospital." Bai Xiaoguan took Lao Song to find The brother-in-law Yang who works in the hospital ran into the "bloodhead" Li Changsheng as soon as the group walked out of the hospital gate.Yang asked to quickly find someone with the same blood type as Pengfei, and Li Changsheng said that he could find him in a few minutes.Three or four minutes later, Li Changsheng really brought a young man. Li Changsheng brought the young man to the surgery office. Wang Zhaohu asked Han Zhangjie to create a cross-match blood list. The surgical nurse on duty, Zhao, took Song Pengfei's blood samples and handed them to Li Changsheng to go to the laboratory for blood matching. After receiving a report of no agglutination and no hemolysis, Wang, the head nurse of the surgery, took 300 ml of blood from the young man.After a while, the nurse came to give Pengfei a blood transfusion, and 300ml of type A blood from the blood seller slowly flowed into Pengfei's vein.At 4 pm, Pengfei was sent to the operating room.The chief surgeon is Wang Zhaohu, and the assistant is Han Zhangjie.Song Xishan and his wife prayed anxiously outside the operating room. Time passed by every minute and every second, and Lao Song raised his tightly gripped heart to his throat.The door of the operating room opened, and Wang Zhaohu was covered in blood all over his face. He walked up to Lao Song tremblingly, "I'm afraid the child will die." Lao Song hurriedly asked, "What's going on?" "I've never experienced In such a situation, the child’s arteries ruptured, and 2,000 milliliters of blood was sprayed, and several people couldn’t stop the bleeding, what should I do?” Lao Song, who was as strong as a mountain, said only one sentence to Wang Zhaohu, whose legs were trembling: “You Put your courage on the line, hold your breath, and save the child no matter what!" In order to save Pengfei, Zhang, a nurse in the operating room, took 1050 ml of blood from the young man who sold blood twice and gave it to Pengfei according to the oral instructions of anesthetists Guo, Wang Zhaohu, and Han Zhangjie.So far, Pengfei has transfused a total of 1,350 milliliters of blood from this blood seller. On February 21, during Wang Zhaohu's ward rounds, he found that the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery in Pengfei's affected limb was not obvious. He was worried that there would be a thrombus in the artery of the affected limb, which would leave sequelae, so he asked Lao Song to take the child to the hospital for treatment.Lao Song and his wife thought together that the child's illness could no longer be delayed, so they might as well go to Beijing! On February 22, the family left Beijing Railway Station and went straight to the 304 Hospital.After a careful examination for Pengfei, the doctor in charge believed that there was an old rupture of the arteries in Pengfei's injured leg, which was probably caused during the operation. The operation can only be performed after the wound is anastomosed, and an angiography must be done before the operation.One day, two days, three days passed, and until Thursday, no one informed Pengfei to have an imaging scan.On Friday, Dr. Wu informed Lao Song: "Through the blood test conducted during the hospitalization, your child has an infectious disease and must be transferred to the hospital for treatment. Go to Ditan Hospital for another blood test." Lao Song brought the child to Ditan Hospital. After Dr. Xu Keyi examined Pengfei, he asked him to go to the epidemic prevention station for a blood test.When they returned to No. 304 Hospital, the ward where Pengfei lived had been disinfected and closed to prevent them from living there.There was no other way, Lao Song had no choice but to let the child lie on the peace car parked in the corridor, and he and his wife spent the night in the basement. The next day, the medical chief asked Dr. Chang to talk to Lao Song.Dr. Chang's usual self-confidence and smile were gone, and he seriously revealed to Lao Song a diagnosis that even he couldn't believe: Pengfei was infected with HIV! "The transmission of AIDS is mainly through sex, blood and mother-to-child transmission. The child's disease is likely to be caused by blood transfusion infection." The three members of Lao Song's family were stunned—blood transfusion, how did they get AIDS? Beijing Heping Law Firm, which was entrusted by Lao Song, immediately realized that this was a rare vicious case of blood-borne HIV infection caused by illegal blood collection.The Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Health attached great importance to it and issued instructions to relevant departments in Shanxi Province and Linfen area respectively.The Public Security Department of Linfen District, which received the emergency notification, acted quickly and quickly found the "bloodhead" Li Changsheng.According to Li's confession, the person who gave Pengfei the blood transfusion was Wen X, and the central blood station in Linfen District took Wen X's blood for testing, and soon confirmed that Wen X was an HIV carrier!The source of this major blood-infected AIDS case has finally been found! Wen Mou was 18 years old this year, and ran away from home after a quarrel with his mother in September 1996.Because he only had a fifth-grade education in elementary school, he could only work as a small worker and could not earn much money, so he lived in Linfen Railway Station, met a Henan "bloodhead", and became one of his many "managers".According to his father, Wen does not take drugs, play with women, or engage in homosexuality. It is not known how he suffered from AIDS, but he once went to Linfen Wuyi Road Blood Station (which has been closed down) to sell blood. The blood drawer took three people The blood of the blood is dissolved together, and after the active ingredients are extracted, it is transfused back into the body of the blood seller. Therefore, although the cause of the infection is still uncertain, the possibility of blood cross-infection is very high. In April 1998, the Linfen Municipal Health Bureau made an accident report through investigation and found that "the Second People's Hospital of Linfen City violated the relevant regulations on blood transfusion management No. result in the spread of the virus", and dealt with those responsible. Currently, Song Pengfei is still being treated at Beijing Ditan Hospital.Dr. Xu Keyi, the director of the Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases who has traveled abroad many times and has a lot of research on AIDS, presided over the treatment of Pengfei. He adopted the "cocktail therapy" invented by Chinese-American scholar He Dayi for Pengfei.But these medicines are all imported from the United States. A pair of medicines costs as much as 1,200 US dollars, and 130,000 yuan is needed every year. If Song Pengfei survives to 50 years old, the cost of medicine alone will cost more than 4 million yuan. After Pengfei took the medicine for two months, the curative effect was remarkable, but Lao Song's family couldn't afford such an expensive expense.Pengfei could only cry out in pain on the hospital bed: "I don't know how long I can live, but I don't want to die, I want to live!" On July 21, legal workers from Laosong Heping Law Firm went to Shanxi again to negotiate claims.Based on many factors such as uninterrupted medical expenses and adjuvant treatment expenses, they proposed a compensation claim of 9 million yuan, hoping to resolve it through out-of-suit mediation. No substantive progress has been made in the first round of negotiations. It seems that arduous efforts are still needed to get closer to the intentions of the two parties. Why does blood become "poisonous blood" and "fake blood"?This has a considerable relationship with paid blood donation in the past.According to reports, there are more than 6 million blood donors in my country every year, and the vast majority of these blood donors come from rural areas. According to another data, 95% of the blood donors come from poor rural areas, and 80% of the 600 million milliliters of medical blood used in my country each year provided by them.An ordinary villager in a certain place embarked on the road of blood selling ten years ago with the guidance of a distant relative. In less than four years, he quickly organized a blood selling team of more than 600 people. The county's blood selling network... Today, with the reform and opening up and the rapid development of the commodity economy, there has emerged a group of blood sellers who wantonly sell their own blood as a special commodity.After they become professional blood sellers, in order to tap the potential of their own blood and increase its "production rate", they even do whatever it takes.Some people continue to sell blood, which reduces the quality of the blood and also damages the donor's body; some blood people drink a lot of plain water or light salt water to dilute the blood before drawing blood, so as to increase the "bleeding volume"; there are rumors that drinking sugar water It can optimize the quality of blood, increase and thicken the plasma; what's more, it is said that drinking alcohol before blood drawing can make "vigorous blood" and accelerate the operation rate of the human spleen.How can this kind of "wine blood" not make our hair stand on end when it is used on patients?There are also some blood sellers who know that they are suffering from diseases, even some infectious diseases, and still continue to sell blood by impostors, altering test sheets, etc., their behavior is extremely heinous.The management system of individual blood collection units is not perfect, and the laboratory facilities cannot keep up. Objectively, some unqualified blood has also been given the green light. In our country, although the government and relevant departments have repeatedly emphasized the need to ensure the quality of blood and blood products, and have also formulated various safety testing measures, but because some testing items use virus antibody detection technology, from virus infection to antibody production There is a process in time (that is, the window period), and blood donors infected with the virus during this period may miss the test.In addition, limited by the sensitivity of the detection reagent, there is also the possibility of missed detection. Among the many accidents of virus infection caused by blood transfusion, the poor management of the blood supply market is also one of the important reasons for the accidents.The investigation of hepatitis C infection accidents in Huanghai Road, Guangxi proved that on May 10, 1995, when blood donor Lan Jinhong donated blood at the county blood station, his transaminase levels had reached 90 units, and he was stopped from donating blood. , The doctor transfused 350ml of blood into Huang Haidao's body without carrying out five indicators including hepatitis C virus detection as required, which caused Huang Haidao to be infected with hepatitis C virus unfortunately.Chen, a cadre of the Science and Technology Commission of Huaihua City, contracted hepatitis C because of transfusion of the blood of Zeng Lingju, a hepatitis C patient.The blood donor Zeng Lingju donated blood six times, all of which were collected, and the blood with hepatitis C virus was transfused into Chen and five other people.What is even more unbelievable is that Dong, who was the first to be transfused with Zeng's blood, filed a complaint with the court after finding out that he was infected with hepatitis due to blood transfusion. , As a result, on September 24 of the same year, the blood of the liver disease was transfused into the body of another patient named Chen again. To ensure the safety of blood transfusion, voluntary blood donation is a fundamental way.As early as 1973, the program of the 22nd International Red Cross Conference in Tehran stated: "For humanitarian reasons and principles, voluntary blood donation is the safest and most effective way to meet the needs of blood sources. Blood donation is not only Embody the lofty spirit of humanitarianism—donate a small amount of blood to save the lives of others, and can fundamentally eliminate the sale of commodities and the resulting prevalence of fake and inferior blood and blood products in the field of blood transfusion and medical treatment, so as to provide a safe and timely Guaranteed to save lives.” Many countries in the world have experimented with the voluntary blood donation system since the 1950s, and blood sales have been basically eliminated by now.Like my country's eastern neighbor Japan, 6% of citizens donate blood without compensation every year, which has become a common practice.In the United States, blood donation is completely voluntary and free of charge. The only "remuneration" after blood donation is a few small snacks and a few glasses of juice.They believe that the glory after donating blood is the greatest reward.On the streets of the United States, it is common to see some people's T-shirts with words such as "Save Life" and "Blood Donation" printed on them, and some people hang a sign saying "I Donate Blood" on the back of their cars to show their pride .In Australia, people donate blood as a symbol of honor.Every engagement, wedding, birthday, find a good job or promotion salary, position, etc., it is necessary to donate blood.Moreover, the education about blood donation knowledge and responsibilities starts from an early age and is basically known to every household. The world blood donation champion is Joseph Melemale of France. During the 47 years from 1931 to 1979, he donated blood 640 times with a total volume of 200,000 milliliters.The person who donates the most blood in Japan is Mr. Mitsuo Okamoto who lives in Hokkaido. As of July 1990, he has donated blood 530 times. In order to unify the obligation to donate blood and the right to use blood, many countries have also established blood banks. People usually draw part of the blood and deposit it in the bank, and record the amount on a special savings card. Once they are injured or sick, they need to use it When there is blood, you can use the blood with the card. On November 24, 1978, the State Council issued a document announcing the implementation of the "citizen voluntary blood donation system" nationwide, stipulating that male citizens aged 20 to 50 and female citizens aged 20 to 45, all healthy people have the obligation to donate blood.However, due to the influence of traditional thinking, voluntary blood donation develops slowly in China, and a large amount of clinical blood is still solved by paid blood donation. On December 29, 1997, the 29th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress passed the "People's Republic of China Blood Donation Law", which was officially implemented on October 1, 1998.The law stipulates that the state implements a blood donation system, and the state encourages healthy citizens aged 18 to 55 to donate blood voluntarily.Blood stations must conduct necessary health examinations for blood donors free of charge; if their physical condition does not meet the conditions for blood donation, the blood station shall explain the situation to them and shall not collect blood; the health conditions of blood donors shall be stipulated by the health administrative department of the State Council, Blood must be tested, and untested or unqualified blood must not be provided to medical institutions; medical institutions must check blood for clinical use, and must not use blood that does not meet the national standards for clinical use.At the same time, it is stipulated that those who illegally collect blood, those who sell blood donated without compensation by blood stations and medical institutions, and those who illegally organize others to sell blood shall have their illegal income confiscated and may be fined less than 100,000 yuan; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law; If the medical staff of a medical institution violates the provisions of this Law by using blood that does not meet the standards prescribed by the state for patients, the health department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, and if it causes damage to the health of the patient, compensation shall be made in accordance with the law, and those who are directly responsible Persons in charge and other directly responsible persons shall be given administrative sanctions according to law, and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. The implementation of this law, to a certain extent, blocked the loopholes of some virus-infected "professional blood donors" who made profits by selling blood.However, it is obvious that there are still various difficulties in making voluntary blood donation in place in a short period of time.It is known that paid blood sources still account for a considerable proportion of all blood used in my country. In Changsha City, Hunan Province in 1998, paid blood sources accounted for about 60%. For the Blood Donation Law, it is undoubtedly a challenge. The safety of blood transfusion is the safety of life.For our life and health, we must start from ourselves, from now on, and voluntarily join the ranks of voluntary blood donation - this is not only helping others' lives, but also being responsible for our own lives.Instead of complaining about others after being killed by "poisonous blood" and "fake blood" in the future, it is better to offer our healthy and clean blood first!