Chapter 9 Chapter 9 China has a Congress, what will happen to the Congress?

The Republic of China is a country ruled by the people.Now that the people are the masters, what should officials do? The Chinese have never been clear about this issue. The Congress is an organization that represents public opinion, but please note: if the Congress is run by the Palace, public opinion cannot be expressed.Believe it or not! one Yuan Shikai was very tired. Yuan Shikai had too many things to do, so he arranged a row by himself, doing one thing a day, and it would take a year to do it without adding new projects.It's not easy being the president of a country! The case of Song Jiaoren can finally breathe a sigh of relief, no one dares to pursue the bottom line and chatter endlessly.However, the situation caused by Song Jiaoren did not disappear due to the death of the people. The absolute advantage of the Kuomintang in the Congress has not changed in the slightest, and the Congress cannot but be established, cannot but discuss matters, and cannot but restrain Yuan Shikai on all major issues. .

Yuan Shikai was flustered at the thought of the Congress. This is a group that cannot be eliminated with a gun.Not only can it not be eliminated, but it must be worshiped and given a smiling face.The day before yesterday, after arranging the people and things brought out by the Song Jiaoren case, he suddenly became more relaxed. He called Liang Shiyi and Duan Qirui to Ju Ren Tang, set out the food and drinks, and had a comfortable drink. .At the wine shop, Liang Shihua wanted to talk about the issue of borrowing. The New Deal was adopted for the first time. The treasury had no money, and taxes could not be collected. The Yuan government had to borrow heavily from Western banks.The large loan was not only opposed by the Kuomintang, but also scolded by the people of the whole country.Some people thought it was Yuan Shikai who betrayed the country, and some people thought that Yuan Shikai borrowed money to build up his influence. As soon as the topic came up, Yuan Shikai shook his head and said, "Today is a family feast, a heart-to-heart conversation. Don't talk about state affairs, don't talk about state affairs." Duan Qirui He is the Acting Prime Minister. Although he has no policy to deal with politics, he can manage his own affairs in his position. He wants to talk about the selection of members of Congress in various places and the public grievances aroused by the selection of members. Seeing public dissatisfaction caused the decree to be unable to be implemented--.Yuan Shikai still shook his head and said: "Today is a family banquet, a personal heart-to-heart talk, don't talk about state affairs, don't talk about state affairs." In front of these people who are presidents, prime ministers, and secretary-generals of the president, China seems to be In the peaceful and prosperous age when the guns and knives were stored in the warehouse, and the horses were released in Nanshan, these kings and landlords could only talk to each other with wine.That day, Yuan Shikai was drunk.dead drunk.When he was lying in Fifth Aunt Yang's tent, he was still muttering: "Don't talk about state affairs, don't talk about state affairs." But when he fell asleep alone, when he snored like thunder, He has already entered the "state affairs" circle--

He dreamed that the Congress was formally established, and Song Jiaoren was elected as the speaker.After taking the oath of office, Song Jiaoren approached Yuan Shikai and said to him: "Yuan Shikai, you tried so many tricks to kill me, but you didn't kill me. Now, I am the Speaker of the National Assembly, and my members unanimously voted to drive you out of office." Get out, whether you go back to Xiangcheng or Ao Zhangde, in short, there is no place for you to stand in Beijing. Get out, get out!" As he spoke, K came to a group of councilors to push Yuan Shikai away. down the abyss.He yelled: "Don't let me be the president, let me be a human being! You have to give me a way out!"

he woke up.His heart was beating and sweat was beading on his brow. "Song Jiaoren, ghosts never die!" After half a year of preparation, the first National Congress of the Republic of China will officially hold its opening ceremony on April 8, 1913.Yuan Shikai was worried again: as the interim president, he had to attend the opening of the first Congress, and he had to give a decent eulogy.Ordinarily, these are all matters of fame and votes, and Biao Shikai should actively treat them.However, he felt restless as if he was facing a formidable enemy. Yes, he understands: after all, the number of congressmen who give him a smile is much less than those who give him an angry look. Maybe a few radicals will attack him on the spot: pursue the Song case, investigate the loan, and... ..Who can tell clearly what problems will embarrass him? Members of Congress can represent the common people and are the masters of the country.Democracy and republic are to give the people such power, and they dare not resist it.

Two days ago, he asked the old copywriter Ruan Zhongshu to draft a eulogy to Congress for him. This sharp hand who is used to reading "Feng Tian Cheng Yun" compiled a large and magnificent poem in the tone of "sacred decree", "Order" How, what about "dang", and "instruct" anything, except that there is no such thing as "Qin this".Yuan Shikai only read half of it, then put it aside. "Dougong, you need to change your mind." "President, no matter what occasion you speak, you have to..." Ruan Zhongshu only knew the magnificence of the emperor, and Yuan Shikai was the emperor.

Yuan Shikai's face was frosty, and his voice was so gloomy. "Confused, confused! To this day, you don't even understand the word "Republic of China". It has to be turned upside down, the people are saints!" "So, what are the powers of the president?" Ruan Zhongshu did not forget totalitarianism. "President, president..." Yuan Shikai is of course not willing to listen to the "people". Why should he be president if he listens to the people? Follow the trend. Only by following the trend can we survive. In such a conference, I have to praise the trend, the people, and show my loyalty to them. Well, you do what I said, and write it down.” Ruan Zhongshu seemed to understand, he He took out a pen and paper, put on the glasses, and wrote down Yuan Shikai's words word by word.After the words and sentences were selected, the eulogy was finalized.Ruan Zhongshu wiped the sweat from his forehead and withdrew.While retreating, I was thinking: "What should I do with this copywriting in the future?"

After sending Ruan Zhongshu away, Yuan Shikai breathed a sigh of relief.He sat on the master chair, took the cigar, and smoked it himself.He hadn't smoked his cigars so easily for several days, sometimes forgetting to smoke them, sometimes not smoking them when they were lit, and talking to people was always in a hurry, too excited to care about the cigars.Now, he is not happy because of a eulogy, but he is happy that he finally came up with a way to deal with Congress—— He will honor it, hold Congress up to heaven; He wants to make a stand and use Congress as a shield; He will gradually purify Congress and make it his instrument;

He only intends to run Congress as a cover. However, the Congress that has been formed is, after all, the elite of the contemporary country. It includes celebrities from various political circles, leading figures from various academic circles, and overlords from various places.If it is not done well, any party will make trouble, especially the Kuomintang. Yuan Shikai had a premonition that the Congress would attack him as soon as it was established, and he had done many unpopular things that had already caused a stir in the country.There is a parliament, so is there no one to question? "What if someone makes trouble or instigates in the meeting place?" Yuan Shikai has always been headstrong, even with his subordinates, let alone the common people.But in an occasion like Congress, he knows that he can't let his temper go, he has to be submissive.He put down the lit cigar again, and he frowned again.

Secretary-General Liang Shiyi is here. Yuan Shikai bowed and asked him to sit down. "Ji Fu, I've got something to talk to you about." "The new building of the House of Representatives has been completed," Liang Shiyi said without waiting for Yuan Shikai to go on, "today we are going to settle down, please let us go..." "It's a formality again." Yuan Shikai said, "Go out and entertain yourself. There are so many big things..." "It's not easy to socialize, so I have to go to congratulate seriously." The two houses of the Congress, the original house of the Senate, is still working in the old place; the House of Representatives is a new stall, and the house is naturally newly built.It was completed, and the scale was considerable, so I wanted to make a statement.Therefore, the presidential palace and the cabinet were invited to add to the fun.Yuan Shikai knew about this, and he also agreed to attend the resettlement ceremony.He remembered his promise, and said: "Then you go, say I'm busy. You can't get away."

Liang Shiyi didn't say anything, just thinking about how to socialize. Yuan Shikai added: "The National Congress is about to hold an inaugural meeting. Should I attend this meeting? Haven't made up my mind yet. What's your opinion?" "Of course you want to participate." Liang Shiyi blurted out.He wanted Yuan Shikai to get in touch with the congressmen more and gain a good impression so that he could win more votes in the future. "This is a great opportunity. Besides, there's the meeting agenda and the President's eulogy, so what can you do if you don't go."

Yuan Shikai did not speak. He picked up the cigar that had been extinguished in front of him again, lit it, and then paced slowly around the table. Liang Shiyi knew Yuan Shikai's character well, and no one could force him to do what he didn't want to do.If you persuade him, he will pace silently.Seeing this situation, the Secretary-General suddenly woke up. "It's difficult for the president! There are good and bad things for him in this meeting, and the good and bad may be more serious than the good. He won't be a real corporal." Liang Shiyi didn't want to force others into difficulties. His position required him to only help him solve problems.So, he said: "If the president feels that he cannot appear at this venue, I think that's fine. Then he must arrange for someone who can represent him to attend." "Of course only Your Excellency." Yuan Shikai blurted out.After a short pause, he said again: "It's just that you don't need to tell them now. When it comes to the meeting, let me say that I have no time to get away." After speaking, he handed over the draft of the eulogy that he and Ruan Zhongshu had just drafted to Liang. "This is a boldly drafted speech. You can read it. I think it's okay." Liang Shiyi took the speech of the eulogy, and thought while reading it, this is the price of many risks and dangers!" After reading the speech, he put it down gently and said, "President, I am your representative, and it is my duty to do so.only......" "Say." "In case someone consults state affairs on the spot, how should I answer them?" "Everything that belongs to individuals depends on the situation; "Yuan Shikai said: "Everything that belongs to the government should be answered by the Premier of the State Council and the State Councilor. If not, we will not answer for now." "Is this pushing Zhiquan (Duan Qirui) to the front?" "I'll make arrangements for Zhiquan." Liang Shiyi took the speech and left Jurentang. two In Beijing in April, Yejing is completely dressed in spring clothes, the branches are spraying green, the flower gardens are bright, and pairs of swallows are also shuttling among the pink willows! The ancient city is thriving again. However, members of Congress from all over the world were not elated because of the recovery of the capital; nor were they elated because it was the turn of the Chinese people to enjoy the privileges of the masters of the country for the first time; People, this is a battlefield, a battlefield full of blood and terror! Beijingers seem to feel that this group of people without guns is still going to fight here, a desperate struggle. Siheyuan hidden in the alley, let the sunrise and sunset go 1 On April 8, 1913, for the first time in Chinese history, the so-called Congress representing public opinion held its inaugural meeting in Beijing. On this day, the city of Beijing was bright and sunny, and the streets and alleys were filled with mild sunshine.The venue of the congress was solemnly and warmly decorated, the national flag of five colors was hung high, military bands lined up in front of the gate, drums blared to the sky, and salutes roared.Although the members of Congress elected by the Senate and the House of Representatives were not all present, they finally reached a quorum of more than half, and the inaugural meeting of the Congress could be held.From the prime minister down, all state officials and special commissioners were present, and the venue was packed. Since the speaker of the National Assembly has not yet been elected, Mr. Yang Qiong, the oldest among the members, has to be elected as the temporary chairman, and he will preside over the opening ceremony.At the beginning of the meeting, the military music was played, the salute was fired, and the participants bowed three times to the national emblem under the national flag.Then, the interim chairman read out the meeting speech, which was nothing more than clarifying the main idea of ​​the Congress and the role of the members. Finally, he said: "May I be one country, control the power in it, and hope that my five races will correct its party bias. Da Rang When it rains, the agriculture comes first. Scholars enjoy their careers, Jiaan their homes, no politics, no government, no secrets, no announcements." and so on. After the meeting speech is over, it is time for the president to deliver a eulogy speech.Everyone looked around, but there was no sign of Yuan Shikai.Some people commented: "Why, the president didn't give a speech? Is it because the president doesn't support Congress?" Members of Parliament can meet without giving a eulogy." Just when the congressmen were discussing a lot, I saw a person holding a speech script and hurried onto the podium.Someone who knew him said, "This is Liang Jifu, the secretary-general of the government. When did he become president?" Liang Shiyi stepped onto the podium, regardless of the mood of the meeting, and said: "The President has important business and has no time to attend the meeting, so he sent me as a representative to deliver a eulogy." After speaking, he unfolded the script drafted by Ruan Zhongshu and began to recite: On April 8, the second year of the Republic of China, the first National Congress of the Republic of China was formally established. This is the greatest glory in the history of more than 4,000 years, and the happiness of 400 million people and billions of years.Shikai is also a member of the Republic of China, and he should be as grateful as all gentlemen.Think that the Republic of China was created by the psychology of 400 million people, and the official Congress is also based on the combination of the psychology of 400 million people.So national sovereignty naturally belongs to all citizens.However, since the founding of the Republic of China, so far, the so-called organs directly appointed by the citizens have not yet been completed.Today, members of the National Assembly are directly elected by the people, that is, they are directly appointed by the people. From then on, the entity of the republic is expressed and the exercise of the ruling power is fully carried out.All gentlemen know the heroes of the time, and they will be able to express their opinions and make loyal plans for the country. From then on, the foundation of the Republic of China will be strengthened, and the happiness of the five major nationalities will increase day by day.Working together to form the most powerful Republic of China, so that the five-color national flag will always shine on the mainland of China, this is what Gu Shikai and the gentlemen are praying for.I sincerely wish to celebrate the day; "Long live the Republic of China! Long live the Congress of the Republic of China!" After reciting, he hurried down. Despite the constant chatter among lawmakers, the grand ceremony of creating Congress has finally been accomplished.As a result, the prime minister, state ministers, and government commissioners withdrew one after another, and the parliamentarians also left the venue. The Congress was established, and the former Senate was naturally dissolved.Members of the original Senate still returned to the old house and held another simple dismissal ceremony. After the establishment of the National Congress, the two houses elected their own speakers, and there was endless trouble.Yuan Shikai didn't care about them anymore. He called Liang Shiyi to him, asked about the opening of the Congress, and then said: "Let them live and die as they please, and do our business." Yes, Yuan Shikai has many things, such as Congress was much bigger and there were many things, and he couldn't just think about it.Liang Shiyi knew the president's mind, and he didn't want to talk about Congress.He just said along the way: "Let them go to give a speech. If a scholar rebels, it will take three years. If a group of celebrities can also win the world, the world will be too easy." "You're right, I'm still the old man with a smirk! Let's talk about the loan." The loan Yuan Shikai mentioned should be said to be the biggest and most difficult problem facing his interim government: the treasury they received from the Qing Dynasty was a palace that had long been empty, not to mention the fact that it was burdened with foreign debts and It's all under contract.With the rise of the New Deal, all kinds of wastes were prospered, and none of them cost money; in 912, Yuan Shikai had the idea of ​​using force to destroy the Kuomintang, and he wanted to use troops to get money.In order to solve the war funds, the only way for the Yuan Shikai government is to borrow money from the imperialist countries. Borrowing is easier said than done! In addition to paying high interest on the money of imperialist countries, it is a bet on national sovereignty.As early as when Tang Shaoyi was the first cabinet, there was already a lot of trouble because of the loan, so that the Tang cabinet had to apologize to the ministers of the four countries. After the apology, the loan issue was shelved due to the internal contradictions of the imperialists. In mid-May 1912, representatives of the six banks of Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Japan, and Russia held a meeting in London, and discussed the issue of loans to China. After a month of quarreling, they finally reached an agreement, agreeing to lend to China the total amount 60,000,000 taels, a loan paid off in 5 years.However, the use of this loan should be supervised by the six countries, and the salt tax should be collected by the governments of the six countries instead of China.Interfering in China's internal affairs with borrowing. Due to the untimely death of the Tang cabinet, there was no one in charge of the loans of the six countries for a while. The finance chief Xiong Xiling asked the governments of the six countries to set up a small loan before the big borrowing, so as to take care of their eyebrows. The six national banks rejected the request.However, a British capitalist named Bai Qilu was willing to provide a loan to China through his own Cripps Company.At this time, Zhou Xuexi, the Minister of Finance, signed a contract with him to borrow 10 million pounds, specifying the salt tax as a guarantee.After all, this single country's loan has affected the interests of other countries' consortiums. They objected to the signing of the contract between the Chinese government and the Cripps Company by saying that "China's salt tax has been designated as collateral for the Boxer Indemnity and cannot be transferred as collateral for other items". Even the British government joined the ranks of opposition, and the loan naturally came to naught. On March 20, 1913, the Bank of America announced its withdrawal from the six-nation banking group and set up a banking group to fight against the five-nation banking group. The five-nation bank group was afraid that the night would be long and dreamy, and the interests would be swallowed up by the United States, so they signed a loan contract with China on April 26, with an amount of 25 million pounds. Please don’t be optimistic about the loan. This loan is paid at a discount rate, but the actual amount you get is only 21 million pounds. For this 21 million pounds, you have to first transfer the loans, advances, and due Boxer indemnities to various countries over the years and the various countries. All the losses during the Revolution of 1911 were deducted, and the money received was only 8.2 million pounds.The interest on the loan is 5%, and the term is 47 years, with annual repayment starting from the 11th year. In 1947, the principal and interest totaled 67.85 million pounds.What a huge debt of exploitation! Such a huge loan, of course, must be explained to the people of the country.Yuan Shikai pretended to compile a speech and handed it over to the Senate and the House of Representatives.In addition to a series of good-sounding reasons, the speech also said: "To investigate the conditions of this loan, the report was submitted to the former Senate by the Prime Minister and Minister of Finance on December 27 last year. In the Hansard of the Ming Senate, the self-discipline is of course valid, and it is also possible to consult your court to find out and record it." When the members of the two houses saw such a statement, they were all angry: "This is reported to the two houses, and it is simply imposed on the two houses. What kind of record, we have to deliberate, and we have to vote on whether the loan can be borrowed or not!" " The Senate was the most active. They believed that this was Yuan Shikai's "illegitimate act". They did not wait for further discussion. A large loan contract, without the resolution of the provisional Senate, is illegally signed, and of course it is invalid. The House of Representatives also met on May 5 to question the government on the borrowing. At this time, Duan Qirui, a man who can only play with soldiers and guns, has been replaced by Duan Qirui as prime minister.He has never been involved in finance, borrowed or not borrowed, signed or not signed, he has no idea.When the House of Representatives was about to question the government, he first puffed out his stomach and yelled: "Ignore them, ignore them!" A sensible person told him: "This is a national system, a republic, and a democracy. Ignore it." He just insisted. Agreed.Before going to the House of Representatives, he hurried to Ju Ren Tang and asked Yuan Shikai, "How should I answer this matter?" Yuan Shikai was silent for a while, then said angrily: "This group of Kuomintang are messing around! Prevaricate them." Duan Qirui frowned, and muttered in his heart: "How to prevaricate? Could these people be able to prevaricate?" He stared blankly at Yuan Shikai, as if expressing his unacceptable opinion.Yuan Shikai thought about it calmly, and felt that prevarication was not an option.But what can be done? He was also at a loss.Only then did he say: "This is the case, how to say it is up to you. In the name of the State Council, calm this matter down." Duan Qirui saw that Yuan Shikai had pushed the matter to him, and the Hefei man was also cold-hearted, "Is it so easy to calm down such a big matter? Cough, the big president handles things..." Duan Qirui had to go to the House of Representatives on time to participate in the questioning meeting without asking for specific countermeasures.After the establishment of the Congress, the two chambers, after several consultations, elected the speaker and vice-speaker respectively.The speaker of the Senate is Zhang Ji from Zhili, who belongs to the Kuomintang; the deputy speaker is Wang Zhengting.The president of the House of Representatives is Tang Hualong from Hubei, a member of the Democratic Party, and Chen Guoxiang, the deputy speaker.The Senate has clearly stated that "the contract is invalid" regarding the loan issue, so there is no need to repeat it. Now the questioners are members of the House of Representatives. Although their attitude is mild, the question cannot be avoided.Duan Qirui came here with a prevarication attitude, so when the House of Representatives raised questions, he blinked his eyes, smiled faintly at everyone, and said: "The finances are too tight, there is nothing we can do, and we have to work around it as a last resort. Please forgive me!" The members of the House of Representatives couldn't laugh or cry when they heard this: the loan is a major matter, which is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood, how can they "forgive it".There was a commotion in the venue, and the speaker Tang Hualong stood up, still calmly said: "We are not opposed to borrowing, but to the government's illegal signing. If the government does this without authorization, why do we need a house? If we don't need a house, why do we congressmen exist?" ? This is what the government should explain clearly." When Duan Qirui heard this, his heart skipped a beat. What people asked was not why the loan was taken, but why the government signed the contract without passing the House of Representatives? This is looking down on the House of Representatives and members.He is a soldier, he only knows how to obey orders, and knows how to solve everything by force.Now, here comes the problem. There is no "order" from above, and it is impossible to use troops. He is a little anxious.After being in a hurry for a long time, I said helplessly: "When it comes to the procedures for handing over, it is really not complete; when it comes to the financial situation, it is really extremely difficult. I have never heard of the loan issue before, so you don't have to blame me; If it can be handled in an accommodating manner, it is the kindness of your lords, and there is nothing left to say." After saying this, he turned around and left. When Duan Qirui left, the congressmen were stunned: "Ah? How could he go? How dare he go?" These congressmen who knew a little about the republic and democracy were all dumbfounded. They couldn't imagine How dare the prime minister under their supervision ignore democracy so much! The acting prime minister left without hesitation. Some people yelled: "Return the speech to the government and see how he will explain to the people of the country?" I am so forgetful, China is China, and it is a China that has followed the road of feudal autocracy for thousands of years! Whoever owns the power, who owns the army, who owns the etiquette and law, and the supervisory power is given by them. Don't forget that the supervisory power he gave you is by no means for you to supervise him.But put on a show.You really exercise it, and in the end it comes down to yourself. Speaker Tang Hualong had no choice but to propose two conditions for recognition or not, and asked everyone to vote on the loan issue.Result: 219 votes were rejected and 53 votes were accepted.However, what's the use? Just when the House of Representatives was voting, Yuan Shikai had already sent a large number of people with a lot of money to do the work of members of the Senate and House of Representatives.As a result, their mouths were all sealed, and there were also gold worshipers among the KMT members.Therefore, despite the supervision of public opinion, President Yuan was allowed to borrow money and spend it. three These days, anecdotes and snapshots of Yuan Shikai's life often appear in Beijing's small newspapers, which are very attractive to readers.Chinese people are curious, especially curious about the secrets of great people.As a result, reading newspapers and reporting became popular for a while.One day, a tabloid read another anecdote. It turned out that Yuan Shikai had a heart-to-heart conversation with his friend, but the content was ordinary. Yuan Shikai said: I have lived to this age, and I don't have much hope. I always want to go back to Zhangde's former residence and spend the remaining years with fishing and swimming.However, the people of the country entrusted me with the burden of the country, which made it impossible for me.But now, there is a mob advocating the second revolution and trying to destroy the country. How can I leave it alone? You see, foreigners believe me. If I quit, they would have started to carve up China long ago.At the same time, the northern army is only willing to obey me. If I step down and quit, the national order will not be maintained.These situations firmly bound me and made me unable to think about it.Who can know what kind of suffering life my great president is living? People are confused, what does the great president mean by these words? In fact, the president's intentions are very good. He released a message: "The mob" is going to have a "second revolution", they are going to overthrow me, the president, and they are going to carve up China. Come on.Diplomatically, many countries support me; militarily, I have strength, and I can destroy whoever comes.This is not the purpose.President Yuan's goal is to attack the "mob"! Who is the mob? Of course, it is the Kuomintang who wants a "second revolution". There are so many talented people under Yuan Shikai, who can come up with all kinds of tricks. Yuan Shikai is familiar with Chinese history. He once counted on his fingers. Regardless of the Han and Tang Dynasties or the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there has never been a precedent for any one king and landlord to support the world with others. held in one hand.In the beginning, in order to seize power, Yuan Shikai negotiated a peace with the Kuomintang between the north and the south, and gave half of the power to the Kuomintang. He was willing.By doing so, he can obtain power without being called "coddling power" by the people of the country; a republic is a republic, and a democracy is a democracy.Now that the Qing Dynasty is over and the power of the world has fallen into his hands, he has to weigh the separation of powers, the republic, and democracy. "What kind of republic, what kind of democracy? The government is not a joint stock company for business, and the profits are shared equally by the shares. At the beginning, Zhao Kuangyin didn't allow others to snore under his bed!" He felt uncomfortable and felt unbalanced. Members of parliament and members of the Kuomintang also made irresponsible remarks about his borrowing and impeached his government. "This is not to divide my power, but to be my emperor and my father to restrain me." Yuan Shikai refused. He believed that this violated the ancestral system and was an act of deceiving the sky.He secretly found his Beiyang generals in Zhongnanhai, shook his head to explain his thoughts, and then said: "You all think about it, our group of people has never been scattered since we were young, and we have become the only ones in the world today." An army. Without our army, the royal family and nobles of the Qing Dynasty would not have lived in peace today. Our army fought south with all their might, and the Kuomintang would not be what it is today. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty did not dissipate, and life depended on them. They did not forget the disasters of the people of the country, ceased troops and strikes, and peacefully evolved. Only then did today’s unified republic come into being. What is the Kuomintang? Once the task of the captives is completed, they have nothing to do; relying on their soldiers and horses to drive out the captives, they are afraid that they will be driven into the sea by the captives. Now, they are overwhelmed and use the banner to fight for power. It's just... ...simply... unbearable!" Yuan Shikai spit out his mouth, the table was slammed with thunder, and his face was blue with anger. The abbot got angry, and the young monks were doing nothing, so why don't they want to make a fuss.What's more, these days, this group of warriors who can only practice has long been confused and frowning by the republic, democracy, and parliament.Now that their leader is angry, they are certainly not far behind.One by one, they were gearing up and yelling: "Destroy the Kuomintang, kill Huang Xing! Kill Huang Xing! Destroy the Kuomintang!" After some preparations, the action began. In the city of Beijing, attacks on the Congress were the main focus. Many people in the streets and alleys scolded the Congress for "disregarding the overall situation and making troubles without reason" on the issue of borrowing, which lowered the prestige of the Congress; in other places, they raised their knives. : --Li Yuanhong was in Hubei, in the name of reorganizing the army, and rejected the people who had made contributions to the uprising and the Kuomintang army, causing the Hubei army to fall against Li (Yuanhong) and Yuan (Shikai).Ji Yulin, commander of the Eighth Division of the Hubei Army, set off this fury.In the end, he was suppressed by Li Yuanhong, and Ji Yulin abandoned his job and fled.Based on Li Yuanhong's report, Yuan Shikai issued an arrest warrant for Ji, saying that "the Kuomintang organized an army rebellion in Hubei and betrayed the government" and "we want to arrest the chief criminal, Ji Yulin." --Zhang Xun organized the Dingwu Army to attack the Kuomintang army in Yanzhou and Xuzhou. Huang Xing sent people to Yanzhou to persuade Zhang Xun, asking him to put the country first, "don't just be filial and loyal to Yuan Shikai".Zhang Xun made a secret report to Yuan Shikai about this matter, saying that "Huang Xing undermined unity and premeditated rebellion," "he is a sinner of treason," and should be severely punished.Duan Qirui became aggressive, and in the name of the Ministry of War, he petitioned Yuan Shikai to remove Huang Xing as an army general.Yuan Shikai ordered to do so on May 15. -- Zhang Zuolin, the commander of Fengjun in the Northeast, also sent a telegram after Yuan Shikai ordered Huang Xing to be dismissed as an army general, scolding Huang Xing for "falling into the government and endangering the Republic of China". Only the public will of the people will move forward and sweep away the evil atmosphere for our solemn and splendid republic!" ——Zhao Ti, wing commander of the Yi Army, and Lei Zhenchun, the guard of the Henan Army, jointly sent a telegram, scolding Huang Xing for "failing to fight for the president and making trouble"; Beiyang generals Feng Guozhang, Jiang Guiti, Duan Zhigui, and Zhang Xun jointly sent a telegram, asking for the president" Da Zhang condemned "... Every action is a dose of stimulant. Although Yuan Shikai is the commander behind the scenes, seeing these actions, Yuan Shikai still strokes his short beard and smiles secretly; however, there is a fog in the society. The above-mentioned heroes who "defend the republic to the death" Two years ago, they were the filial sons and grandsons of the Qing Dynasty who "sworn to support the monarch". I don't know why their faces changed so quickly? After some public opinion, Yuan Shikai smiled frankly. He was in his small living room in Ju Ren Tang.Accompanied by empty chairs, while smoking cigars, he was muttering to himself: "Sun Yat-sen, Sun Yat-sen! On the issue of power struggle, I am still ahead of you. In the next step, I will definitely be higher than you!" Sun Yat-sen did not play this game of chess well.So far, he has been passive in almost every step, and every step is directed by Yuan Shikai.When he calmly thought about all this in Shanghai, he said to his comrades: "After the power is lost, there is no need to talk about everything." Sun Yat-sen frowned, and Sun Yat-sen also lost weight. After the establishment of the Chinese loan, Sun Yat-sen called the envoys of the five countries to stop the payment, saying that "this loan will prompt civil strife in China".The result is like a yellow leaf falling into the sea, without getting a faint echo, and not even a single ripple. Sun Yat-sen became angry, and he was going to take revolutionary measures: he telegraphed the independence of Guangdong Province, "thinking that the provinces advocated it", and used revolution to overthrow Yuan Shikai's counter-revolution.Hu Hanmin, the governor of Guangdong, called him back, but said that the situation in Guangdong was complicated and it was not yet the right time for independence. " "When is the right time?" Sun Yat-sen said angrily. "If you don't do it in Guangdong, I will fire the first shot in Shanghai!" So he discussed with Chen Qimei and asked him to act.As a result, Chen Qimei led a group of Kuomintang members to dissuade Sun Yat-sen, saying, "Shanghai has foreign concessions, and using troops here will definitely cause outsiders to interfere; we don't have a navy, so we have nowhere to retreat." Everything is plausible, but Sun Yat-sen's opinion is not feasible.Mr. Sun sighed and shook his head and said: "Since everything is difficult, I can't force you. I have to go to Japan again, reorganize the revolutionary forces, and compete with Yuan Shikai again." That's it, it still doesn't work.Someone stopped Mr. Sun and said: "This must not be the case. Go to Japan to organize anti-Yuan forces. Yuan Shikai will definitely say that we use foreign aid to start internal conflicts, and things will be more difficult to end!" Mr. Sun, Mr. Sun, how can the revolution be like this? After giving up power, and lacking a clear political program and strong armed forces, how can you not make your comrades intimidated? If this continues, the natural path will become narrower and narrower! Sure enough, the final resolutions of the KMT on two major events in China were: Song case - to be resolved by the court: Borrowing -- let Congress stop it. Yuan Shikai knew every move in Shanghai, Sun Yat-sen's anger and anger, and he was neither angry nor angry. He was thinking about how to use the "warm" climate provided by the Kuomintang to do what he should do- For more than a year, Yuan Shikai did not spend less time thinking. In terms of military affairs alone, he has done several major things in a real and sneaky way: in the south, within the scope of the Kuomintang, through layoffs, withdrawals, and reorganizations, those things that disturbed him The armed forces gradually shrunk and lost their combat power; what's more, they became Yuan's eagle dogs.In the north, after combing, adjusting, and equipping, his Beiyang Army has become stronger. Even Zhang Zuolin, who is far away from the Great Wall, has repeatedly expressed his loyalty to him, while Li Yuanhong, who is regarded as a "comrade in arms" by the Kuomintang, has long been alienated. He lost his "friend" and returned to the arms of his old boss, President Yuan Da. "The time has come, the time has come!" Yuan Shikai was in his secluded room, assessing the situation and deciding how to proceed. At this time, people reported: "Wang Ruimin asks to see you." "Which Wang Ruimin?" Yuan Shikai blurted out. "It's Wang Ruimin who went to Jiangxi." Yuan Shikai's heart moved, thinking to himself: "Didn't Wang Ruimin go to Jiangxi to serve as civil affairs chief? Why did he come back to Beijing?" --Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Hunan and other provinces are all places where Yuan Shikai's forces are not at a disadvantage. Although he wants to use the method of "dividing the army and the people" to disperse the strength of these provinces, he will set up another one besides the governor Chief Executive - Chief of Civil Affairs.However, due to the dominance of the Kuomintang in these provinces, the recommendations of the Chief of Civil Affairs are still mostly from the Kuomintang.Li Liejun, the governor of Jiangxi, took the lead and recommended his teacher Wang Ruilu as Jiangxi Civil Affairs Chief.Li Liejun is the biggest thorn in Yuan Shikai's eyes, because when Yuan cut down the southern soldiers, he bought 2,000 guns privately. Yuan almost wanted to get rid of him. The guardian envoy was also blocked by Li.Fortunately, there was someone to mediate in the middle, and the conflict was suspended.Li Liejun recommended the Chief of Civil Affairs, and Yuan Ben didn't want to agree, but Jiangxi was beyond his reach, so he had to agree if he disagreed.Unexpectedly, this Wang Ruigui, who was once the general manager of the Jiangxi Army Academy, still remembers the old Qing system "Second rank and above officials must first go to Beijing to see him when they take office", and first went to thank Yuan Shikai for his kindness.Thank you, Yuan Shikai also forgot.I don't want to rush to Beijing again today. Blinking, Yuan Shikai said one word: "Please!" Wang Ruimin came in.An old man with gray hair and handsome clothes.When he saw Yuan Shikai, he gave a big gift. "President, President..." "Didn't you go to Nanchang to take office? Why..." "It's hard to say." Wang Ruimin said, "After I arrived in Nanchang, I went to pay homage to the governor as usual. However, I went many times, but he stopped me." "Li Dudu must be regarded as your high student," Yuan Shikai said: "You go to pay homage first, this is already a generous gift, why stand in the way?" "他命人传话说；你已拜过总统了，何必再来拜我!就为这......" "啊!就为这?"袁世凯顿时大怒，他起身扶起汪瑞闽，说"我......我饶不了他!" Four 国会，对于中国人说来，似乎该算泊来品，那是资本主义国家的产物，也叫议会。一般由上下两院组成，也有只设一院的。有了议会，便可以实行立法、行政、司法三权分立。议会是立法机关。在内阁制的国家，议会有监督政府的权力，议会授权才可以组织内阁，议员有权对政府提出质问，要求答复，议会如果通过了不信任案，内阁就得下台。颇似权力归人民了。其实，那不过是一套装样子的玩艺，资产阶级的权力依然在资产阶级手中。 中国人是听惯了"圣旨"的，"万岁爷圣明"，小百姓是"愚民"。把人家的假东西搬到中国来，当然只会更假。 但要明白：假的有时比真的还"真"! 国会产生之后，又经过一番折腾，袁世凯早已厌烦了。"一切都是多余的，所有的人都得为我所用!" 袁世凯要除国民党，又不敢明目张胆，他要拉同盟军，拉支持者。黎元洪是作为有实力的，武的代表人物拉拢的。黎虽非北洋嫡系，向袁已是死心塌地。袁还是不放心，他在千方百计的拉黎的心腹铙汉祥。这个以骈体文章见长的湖北广济人铙密僧，自然愿意抱袁世凯这样的大柱子，袁世凯略施小计另加点小惠，他便服服贴贴，代黎元洪并表自己的心计对袁说了句"元洪备位储贰"的肉麻话，像儿子一般忠于袁，以至社会上刮起一股"黎元洪和袁克定争位"的风潮。袁世凯却放心的笑了。 武的归顺了，文的怎么办呢? 当时文场上著名人物有二，一是广东新会人和康有为一起发动"公车上书"、倡导变法维新的梁启超(卓如)，虽然维新失败他逃跑了，可是，他资产阶级社会、政治、经济的学说，却在国中极有影响。一个是浙江余杭人因倡导革命触怒清廷、被捕入狱，后又参加同盟会与改良派开展大论战的章炳麟(太炎)。梁启超早已没有"公车上书"时的锐气了，袁世凯组织一届内阁时给了他个司法部副大臣的纱帽，他便倾心于袁了；国中国会运动紧锣密鼓时，他从海外归来了，一到北京就盛会招待报界，说了一大堆拥护袁世凯的话，袁世凯自然乐意接纳他。现在，他得想尽一切办法，把章炳麟拉身边。 -- 在庄严肃穆的勤政殿，袁世凯俨然以大总统之姿坐在正位上；刚从上海赶来接受"勋二位"的章炳麟，来京后借友人一套礼服穿在身上，深深地对袁行了三鞠躬礼，然后双手接过勋章，说："太炎真诚的感谢大总统的厚爱，愿为大总统的千秋大业鞠躬尽瘁!"说着，又是一鞠躬--昔日那种冷嘲热讽袁世凯的语言不见了，连神态也变得温驯、服贴了。 袁世凯欠了欠身，朝着身旁一把预备好的太师椅示意一下，让他坐下。然后，笑着说："太炎先生道德文章，皆是四海同钦，同是安邦治国之大才。日后，慰庭为国事，自然少不了聆听先生指教!""大总统谦虚了。"章炳麟受宠若惊，想站起来，行大礼。袁世凯反应灵敏，马上示意谢止。章坐下，继续说："太炎日前在上海已有文章问世，以愚浅见，当今天下，以项城之雄略，黄陂(黎元洪黄陂人，故称黄陂)之果毅，左提右挈，中国宜无灭亡之道。" 袁世凯仰了仰面，轻轻地"哈哈"两声，说："尽人事，听天命。慰庭德才鲜薄，唯靠国中仁人志士。" 章炳麟觉得大总统把他当成治国栋梁了，有点昏昏然。他淡淡地笑着说："不就是孙黄之辈吗，暴徒而已。"他忘乎所以了，文学泰斗的身架不顾了，泼妇般地张开大口骂街了。"那些暴徒就像一群恶狗，饥饿的时候，他们会温顺地朝你仰面乞求；丢给他们几根骨头，也会摇头摆尾致谢。一旦骨头吃完了，他们还是会咬人的。"袁世凯许久想说而没有敢说出口的话，没想到会从这个文豪口中淋漓地说出来，他心里那个高兴，竞不知如何是好?他虽然给了他一个应壹丞(桂馨)为他杀了政敌宋教仁都没有谋到手勋位，却又觉得"很不够"，好在他手里像"经略使"、"宣慰使"、"筹边使"之类的"空头支票"式的纱帽多得很，也就毫不吝惜的拣一顶，送给了章炳麟。 "太炎先生，真当今大才!勋二位，不足以志其荣，当请先生出就吉林筹边使，如何?" 已经有点发疯了的章炳麟，听说"封"他为"使"了，竟心中猛跳，觉得这是一个大得像太阳发出的光芒一样的显位，急忙问道："筹边责任重大，未知总统要筹何要事?" 袁世凯知道章炳麟当真了，便暗自好笑。"不过给个衔儿，有名目领钱罢了。还有真权给你?"他却笑着说："中国之大，举世无几；边陲事多，于今尤烈!东北复杂呀，日俄两国，虎视眈眈，野心俱大，且冰天雪地，又难安居，太炎先生虽领了筹边使，但在北京呆着也是一样，不必急于就任吧。" 袁世凯其实已把话说明白了，章炳麟偏偏呆气太足，竞把棒子当成了针。又说："总统盛情，令人感激。但养兵千日，终是为用。我既领了筹边使职，决心东北一行，以固边疆。" 此刻，袁世凯又有点怕他真的去东北了。"此人胸有韬略，文章震世，在边疆闹事怎么得了?"于是，他决心留客了。"太炎先生道德文章四海钦仰，撰文一篇胜过雄师三千，何必亲往东北呢?"偏偏这章文豪不理解袁总统的苦心，坚持说："不到其地，不知其事，理应一行。"仿佛一顶纱帽罩了顶，他便成了东北的救世主，他不亲去东北，便对不起天地良心。 袁世凯无由推辞了，一个身心都扑在黎民庶务上的大忠臣良将，怎么好把他"藏在闺中无人知"呢?他暗自笑道："好吧，那就让你去东北、去过过筹边使的瘾，尝尝这使的滋味吧。"于是，便关切地说："太炎先生既然如此尽职，我也不便再留。只是，不知先生打算如何去法?" "但愿有一万开办费用，太炎便可去吉林上任。" "宝眷是否随行?" "尚未成婚，孑然一身，举止无挂。" 袁世凯当即满足所求，支付现洋一万，让他去了--章炳麟此行为如何?待后再续。 章炳麟成了袁世凯"圈"中人之后，袁世凯便转而抓黎元洪了一切都是为了一个大的行动：袁世凯要向国民党发起总攻了。他要把自己圈子之外的一切势力都清除干净，尤其是国民党。他习惯的是一呼百应，是唯我独尊，权是不可分散的。他用最焦急地语气告诉黎元洪，说"国民党许多地方不服从中央"，说"国民党鼓动二次革命，意在推翻中央政府"。他诚诚恳恳地向黎元洪请教，问他"该怎样对待时局?" 黎元洪早已不是武昌城头炮响时的心态了，都督也好，副总统地好，他认为与国民党无涉，还得靠袁世凯。如今袁世凯又这样"器重"他，他当然得向袁表示忠心。于是，他秘密地给袁世凯发了一个效忠电报，说："元洪唯知服从中央，长江下游，誓死堵住，决无瞻顾。倘谕此盟，罪在不赦!" 袁世凯高兴了，他没想到黎元洪会如此忠心，会发此誓言。于是，也给黎一个密电，赌咒发誓表达心情，说："世凯若有欺天下之心，利一己之见，罪亦不赦!" 准备就绪之后，他把段祺瑞找到家中，先以翁婿之情，叙说天下与自己的心思，然后说："芝泉，形势越来越明白了，国民党不是咱们的同道，咱们再委屈求全，也无法全得了了。" 自从袁世凯让段祺瑞作了代总理之后，袁段之间曾经出现的隔阂便渐渐消失了，段依然唯袁是命，袁依然视段为肱股。在旧人的相比中，袁世凯认为段祺瑞比所有的人都可信，而段也认为袁是最牢靠的靠山。听了袁的话，段说："对于国戈党，该做的礼节都做到了，现在，到了该用兵的时候，不必再犹豫了。" "是的。"得到段总理的"副署"，袁世凯自然高兴，何况段祺瑞又是陆军总长，用兵之事当然不必顾及。便说："用兵同时，政治还是不可少的。" "一切听从大人安排。" Yuan Shikai laughed.又说："你是责任内阁，又掌管陆军，该你做的事，还是得由你出面。" 密谋已定，行动开始--兴师讨伐国民党的行动分两路开始了： 第一路，以段芝贵统率毅军翼长赵倜、第二师长王占元、第六师长李纯，由河南通过湖北直趋九江； 第二路，以冯国境统率辫子军张勋，淮军雷振春及第五师一部由山东经苏北攻南京。 之外，又命扬州徐宝山率二军出兵侧击津浦路中段；命倪嗣冲率部由皖北取安庆，而后攻江西。 在用兵的同时，袁世凯又连续任命欧阳武为江西护军使，陈廷训为江西要塞司令；调胡汉民为西藏宣慰使，以陈炯明为广东都督；调柏文慰为陕甘筹边使，派孙多森兼代安徽都督。该走的调走了，该来的到任了，一番紧罗密鼓，袁世凯的阵布好了，一场大厮杀，即将在长江中下游展开。 Fives 48岁的孙中山，过了两年云缭雾绕的岁月。武昌之役，该算他的思想一次发扬光大，中国人需要他孙中山，孙中山的革命学说能够救中国；那个业经腐朽了的封建王朝，必然会寿终在孙中山的旗帜下!孙中山在回首他走过的路程时也颇为自信和欣慰："1894年创立兴中会以来，我的道路虽然走得坎坎坷坷，但毕竟是向前进了，我的学说毕竟是见到作用了......"。 兴中会--同盟会--国民党，都是遵从孙先生"驱除鞑虏，恢复中华，建立民国，平均地权"的纲领去奋斗的。为此，孙先生呕心沥血，又创造了一种"民族、民权、民生"的三民主义学说。目的是在推翻了封建王朝之后，会使中国人民、中国国家有一个欣欣向荣的新局面，中国人能以强者之姿几立在世界各国人民之中!武昌的烽火燃起之后，一日一日，一月一月，两年过去了，孙先生渐渐感到他的学说、他的奋斗目标都那么飘渺，那么遥远，甚至都那么快捷地成了泡影。 他相信袁世凯，袁世凯面对面地同他讲了一串串动听的言语，向他表示了一串串志同道合，目标一致的见解。孙中山相信袁世凯会实现他的学说。可是，握着大权的袁世凯，却一步一步地和他分道扬镳了，走向反面了。 孙中山相信自己的战友，他的学说，他的奋斗目标，是同他的战友共同创造出来的，他们和自己精诚一致，去实现它!然而，他的战友每至关键时刻，却总是表现得那么畏首畏尾，举步艰难他被逼到日本去了。去日本又能如何? 就在孙中山举棋不定的时候，袁世凯却一天比一天兴奋。居仁堂的"大圆镜中"，夜以继日，人来人往：有等待被传议事的；有等待接受命令的。这座平时只接待一般客人的场所，如今也有一些特殊客人在等待。而居仁堂楼下西部那个只会身份特殊客人的会客室，却也有许多只管听命的人被随时叫进去。整个居仁堂，日间人流如梳，夜晚灯火辉煌，成了它建成之后最兴旺的岁月。 居仁堂最常来的，是段祺瑞。 由于国民党的事情缠着袁世凯的心，他和段祺瑞之间的不愉快退到不值一提的位置上来了，他要用他呢，让他代理国务总理就是这个意思。段祺瑞也是个比较务实的人，他明白自己的处境，没有袁世凯作靠山，他扎不牢根基，更腾达不起来。袁段毕竟还有一层翁婿关系，胳臂肘子要往里弯，对待国民党他们还是志同道合的。 那一天，居仁堂楼下会客室的宾客都走完了，袁世凯留下段祺瑞，以长者的口气说："芝泉，这些日子以来，我总觉体力有些不支；思想也乱。咳，岁数不饶人呀!我还得应酬，我总在想，该你办的事你只管大胆办。把你放到这个位置上了，又是责任内阁，你放手办就是了，别顾前顾后的，不必样样都问我。让我清闲些儿吧。"只比袁世凯小6岁的段祺瑞，对于袁世凯在他面前的倚老卖老，早已心怀不满。有时他还后悔，悔不该续娶了袁氏的表侄女张氏，弄得他在他面前低了一辈。但是，封建传统占主导地位的官场，总是以家天下为主。段祺瑞又为有这层关系而自豪，也便甘愿低他一辈了。特别是把他捧到国务总理位置上，他又一次领略了家族的作用。听了袁世凯的话后，段祺瑞说："我知道大人最近忧虑过多。其实也不必放在心上。政治解决不了，就用军事么。前几天我已让冯国璋、姜桂题、段芝贵、张勋等军人联名发出通电，呼请以大总统名义对他们大张挞伐。" 袁世凯点点头，知道段祺瑞做了一件他想做的事。 段祺瑞又说："河南护军使雷震春、毅军翼长赵倜也联名发了通电，指责黄兴争总统不成而捣乱。趁这个形势，该用兵了。"袁世凯既点首又皱眉，想说什么，却又张不开口。Duan Qirui smiled. "大人更不必顾虑名声问题，把南方撇开，以北方为主、以军人为主，开一个会议，例行一个手续，不就成了正式大总统了吗。到那时，谁还敢放个屁!" 袁世凯这才深舒了一口气，笑了。 袁世凯在用兵的同时，于1913年6月8日连连发出命令，又是免了江西都督李烈钧的职调京侯处，又是让黎元洪兼领江西都督，再让江西一师师长欧阳武为江西护军使节制全省陆军，再任金鸣坡炮台司令陈廷训为江西要塞司令，节制九江、湖口炮台，风风火火，大张旗鼓摆开了消灭国民党的战斗。 袁世凯军政一起用，来势不可挡。以上海为根据地的国民党这才大梦方醒，知道和平的美梦做不下去了，国会、约法通通都不起作用了，这才破釜沉舟，准备来一次真正的"二次革命"，反对袁世凯。 7月7日，李烈钧在江西湖组织讨袁军总司令部，12 日江西省宣布独立讨袁； 7月14日，黄兴到南京，次日，江苏通电宣布独立，发表反袁宣言； 7月18日，安徽第一师师长胡万泰以代理都督名义宣布独立，并逮捕了袁政府任命的都督孙多森； 7月18日，广东都督陈炯明宣布独立； 7月19 日，陈士英自称上海讨袁军总司令，23日拂晓向袁政府的制造局发起攻击； 7月20日，福建独立； 7月25日，湖南独立...... 烽烟四起，战火八方，南半个中国一时问竟不是袁家天下了!袁世凯本来是想对国民党不宣而战，以趁他们措手不及分而吞之。不想半月之内，竞有8省独立，再加上云、贵、川、黔本来就不听从他的边陲省份，眼睁睁大半中国去了，不是他"不宣而战"，而是国民党"战而不宣"。这时，袁世凯才正儿八经的公开任命段芝贵为第一军军长兼江西宣抚使，统率第二、第六等师进攻江西．并同时发出通电，痛斥国民党人"推翻共和，破坏民国，全国公敌，万世罪人"。袁世凯在他的居仁堂大言不惭地说："我的大总统是由立法机关选举出来的，中华民国不是我袁氏一家之事，临时议会也不是我一人所把持。"对于用兵进攻江西，他又说："本大总统和黎副总统业经商量，不得已才为之。"到了7月23日，袁世凯便采取大行动了，下令通缉除孙中山之外的国民党领导人黄兴、陈其美、柏文蔚等人，并分别悬赏大洋10万、5万。 袁世凯的军队毕竟是经过近20年的精心训练的。20年中，除了武昌之外，并无较大的战争摧残，是一支战斗力较强的军队。而国民党的武装又是那么的幼嫩和杂乱。打起仗来，双方势力悬殊太大，国民党独立各省渐渐不支，7月25日，江西湖口即被北洋军占领，张勋率领的辫子军由山东，兖州南下，7月22日占领徐州，29日攻占南京，江苏都督逃走；8月4日广东发生内讧陈炯明被赶走；8月28日北洋军阀倪嗣冲占领安庆，安徽归了袁世凯；8月9日福建都督孙道仁宣布取消独立；8月13日湖南谭延闺宣布取消独立；上海的讨袁军也于8月12日被迫放下武器......7月中旬在中国南方兴起讨袁运动(有人称之为"二次革命"，也叫"癸丑之役")，不到两个月，便以国民党军队的全部失败而告终，深居北京居仁堂的袁世凯终于轻松地笑着躺到高高垫起的枕头上。 six 国民党从政治到军事都失败了。失败虽然是暂时的，但失败却是事实。唯一可以告慰的是国会中还有些席位，按党派划分，还称得起大政党。只是作为国民党员的议员，大部分已不是这个党的意志的代表了，有的被袁收买了，有的偷偷南下，有的脱党另谋他路了。这样，袁世凯御用的第二大政治团体--进步党，便成了国会中的核心力量。这个形势，对于袁世凯重新组阁，非常有利。袁世凯在他的居仁堂舒舒坦坦躺了两天之后，便思索起组织一个他自己的内阁的问题。 因为刺杀宋教仁案，赵秉钧从总理位子上跌下来了，段祺瑞是代理总理。老袁也曾想过，就让段祺瑞当总理算了，他还算自己人。可是，思之再三，觉得不行，内阁是个架子，权在总统手里，&quo