Chapter 23 (23) Mainstay

After Lu Su and Zhuge Liang's persuasion, Sun Quan judged the situation, weighed it repeatedly, and decided to join forces with Liu Bei to fight against Cao Cao.However, to carry out such a risky war, we must explore the military possibility.So, who did the feasibility analysis for Sun Quan?How did Sun Quan make decisions and deploy in the end?Please pay attention to it - the mainstay. In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, after Cao Cao basically unified the north, he wanted to unify the whole country, so he sent his troops south and approached Jingzhou.As a result, Liu Biao died of illness, Liu Cong surrendered, Liu Bei fled, and was defeated in Dangyang.The complacent Cao Cao decided to go down the river to the east, eliminate Liu Bei, and threaten Soochow.Faced with a powerful enemy, the advisers and soldiers of the Soochow Group were terrified. Most of them, headed by Zhang Zhao, believed that they should "welcome Cao", and only a few people headed by Lu Su advocated "resisting Cao".At this time, Liu Bei, who had nowhere to go, could only have a chance of life by uniting with Sun Quan, so he sent Zhuge Liang to Soochow to carry out diplomatic activities to join Sun Quan against Cao.After a thorough analysis by Lu Su and Zhuge Liang, Sun Quan clearly realized that there is no way out to surrender Cao Cao, and the only way to fight Cao Cao is to unite Liu Bei.However, the menacing Cao Cao is known as 800,000 people, and both land and water are advancing. In this critical moment, who can provoke the Soochow Group and lead the Sun Liu coalition to victory?Professor Yi Zhongtian of Xiamen University will give you a wonderful talk about the "mainstay".

In the last episode, we mentioned that both Lu Su and Zhuge Liang settled their accounts for Sun Quan. Lu Su settled his political accounts, that is, he could not surrender to Cao Cao; Zhuge Liang settled his alliance accounts, that is, it is entirely possible to form an alliance with Liu Bei against Cao Cao.But when I talked about Zhuge Liang's settlement of accounts, I said that Zhuge Liang had several accounts that he did not settle, and if one of them was defeated, what should I do?Then Lu Su didn't settle this account, why didn't Lu Su settle this account?Because there is no need, Lu Su settled a score, that is, you, Sun Quan, surrendered, Cao Cao has no home, and it is the same if you are defeated, that is, the result of your surrender and defeat is the same, so it is better to fight against it, maybe You won; even if you were defeated, it is more honorable to have no destination because of defeat than to surrender without destination, so there is no need to calculate what to do if you lose the battle.Then Lu Su settled the political accounts for Sun Quan, but Lu Su did not settle the military accounts; Zhuge Liang settled the military accounts, but this is the opinion of the other party, not the opinions of the Sun Quan group. Sun Quan must also listen to the opinions of the group. Views.

Lu Su thought of this, so Lu Su suggested that Sun Quan recall Zhou Yu immediately.At this time, Zhou Yu was on his way to Poyang because of a mission. Sun Quan accepted Lu Su's suggestion and immediately called Zhou Yu back from the road to Poyang to listen to Zhou Yu's opinion.Then this matter is stated otherwise in it, which is different from the statement in "Three Kingdoms" in five points: First, it is not Lu Su who suggested Zhou Yu's recall, but Wu Guotai.Why couldn't Lu Su make this suggestion?Because according to the saying, it was Lu Su who persuaded Sun Quan first, but Sun Quan was still hesitant. Lu Su suggested that Sun Quan listen to Zhuge Liang's opinion. Sun Quan and Zhuge Liang talked. This order is different, but more reasonable.Then there was Zhuge Liang's verbal battle against the Confucians. After the verbal battle against the Confucians, Zhuge Liang talked with Sun Quan. After hearing this, Sun Quan made a decision to unite Liu Bei against Cao Cao.At this time, Zhang Zhao and the others ran to Sun Quan and said, oops, you have fallen into Mr. Kong Ming's trick now, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang are trying to drag us into trouble, Sun Quan hesitated again.Then there is a problem with Lu Su's proposal to recall Zhou Yu at this time, because Lu Su is now suspected of having ties to foreign countries and has no credibility; in addition, according to Luo Guanzhong's positioning, Lu Su is so loyal and honest to the point of uselessness Man, he couldn't figure it out.This requires a person to speak, and this person is Wu Guotai. This is the first difference.

The second difference is that Zhou Yu was not summoned by Sun Quan, but he came back by himself. He heard that Cao Cao was going down the river, so he was anxious and came back by himself. This is the second difference.The third difference is that Zhou Yu did not go to see Sun Quan immediately after returning, but met or met Jiangdong's civil servants and generals in his own mansion.Then these two groups of people expressed different opinions one after another, saying that the text should surrender, and the martial arts should fight.The fourth difference is that Zhou Yu met Zhuge Liang after meeting these civil servants and generals, and he advocated surrender. Only at this time did the following scene occur—Zhizhao Zhou Yu.The fifth point is that Zhou Yu became a main combat faction, which was the result of Zhuge Liang's wisdom.

In the book, Zhou Yu, the military leader of Soochow, did not solve Sun Quan's problems at first, but sang the argument of surrender. He finally decided that the main battle was the result of Zhuge Liang's wisdom.Mr. Yi Zhongtian has four comments on the story of wisely motivating Zhou Yu: nonexistent, bad image, unnecessary, and impossible.So, what is the basis for saying that "intelligent stimulation of Zhou Yu" is neither necessary nor possible? Then I have four comments on such a description: The first point is that it is non-existent.That is, the whole story is not recorded in the history books, including Wu Guotai.Who is Wu Guotai?It is said that Sun Jian's mother, Mrs. Wu's younger sister and Mrs. Wu married Sun Jian together. There is no historical evidence for this matter, and I think it is theoretically impossible.Because Mrs. Wu's marriage to Sun Jian was forced, because Sun Jian's reputation was not very good when he was young, and the Wu family felt that his personality was not very good, so he was unwilling to marry him. The woman offends such a tyrannical person and brings disaster to our family. It is my destiny to marry him. If I marry the wrong person, it is my fate. The Wu family married their daughter to Sun Jian. How could she be married again? What about a younger sister?Could it be that Sun Quan said this to Ms. Wu when he proposed marriage: If you marry, don't marry someone else, you must marry me, bring your dowry, lead your sister, and drive the carriage?There is no such possibility, so even Wu Guotai is a fictional person, a fabricated one.

The second point is that the image is not good.In this story of wisely motivating Zhou Yu, the images of Zhou Yu, Lu Su, and Zhuge Liang are not good.At the beginning, Zhou Yu put on airs and sang the talk of surrender.What is the reaction of Lu Su and Zhuge Liang?Lu Su was stunned, Zhuge Liang sneered.Lu Su was justified in being stunned, because Lu Su knew Zhou Yu's position and knew that Zhou Yu was advocating the war of resistance, and Zhou Yu had greeted Lu Su before that, saying Zijing, don't worry, I naturally have a way, Why did Zhou Yu change as soon as he saw Zhuge Liang?He was stunned, but he should have thought about it and thought about why Zhou Yu was doing this. He didn't use his brain, and he was anxious, so anxious. How could this be like a politician who had published the Soochow version of "Longzhong Dui"?Zhuge Liang's image is not good, what is Zhuge Liang like?Sneered, and then said to Lu Su, Zijing, you are a stubborn person, why do you learn from our Liu Yuzhou? See what happened to our Liu Yuzhou against Cao Cao?Brother Gongjin is so smart, his wife and children can be preserved, and his prosperity and wealth can be preserved. He doesn't care about the rise and fall of the country!Is it like Zhuge Liang to say such a thing?

The third point is that it is not necessary.We need to know why Lu Su suggested that Sun Quan recall Zhou Yu, because Zhou Yu is a hardcore hawk.Zhou Yu’s hard-core hawks did not show up this time. In the seventh year of Jian’an, Yuan Shao died of illness. After Yuan Shao died of illness, the Yuan family declined. Cao Cao became angry at this time, so he wrote a letter to Sun Quan. Asking him to send a person to Cao Cao as a hostage is a hostage. At that time, Sun Quan was still undecided after receiving this letter, but Zhang Zhao and others seemed to be groaning, meaning that they should send it to Cao Cao. We will offend Cao Cao. Sorry.Who is against?Zhou Yu, Zhou Yu made a generous speech and told Sun Quan not to send your children as hostages. His attitude was very tough and clear.It was at this time that Sun Quan's mother, Mrs. Wu, said to Sun Quan that Gongjin was only one month younger than Bofu—that is, Sun Ce—and you should treat Gongjin according to the attitude and etiquette you would treat your elder brother.So it is very clear what kind of person Zhou Yu is, or someone may ask, Zhou Yu used to be a hawk, so why can't he be changed to a dove this time?He used to be the main combat faction, so this time he won't waver and become a surrender faction?impossible.

why?Because of Zhou Yu's attitude, he was not impulsive.What is the relationship between Zhou Yu and the Sun Group?First, Zhou Yu is Sun Ce's best friend. "Three Kingdoms·Zhou Yu's Biography" says "alone and friendly", that is, Zhou Yu and Sun Ce were the same age, and Sun Ce was a month older. They grew up together since childhood, and they have the best relationship. This is the first point. .The second point is that Sun Ce later took over his father Sun Jian's class, and he also relied on Yuan Shu, and Yuan Shu turned his back on Sun Ce, repeatedly appointed him an official and made a wish, and changed his mind again and again. Sun Ce saw that he did not develop with Yuan Shu, and developed independently.At this time, it was Zhou Yu who greeted Sun Ce with his troops, and Zhou Yu took his own troops to meet Sun Ce. This is the second point.The third point is that after Sun Ce died, Sun Quan took over, and Zhou Yu took the lead in supporting Sun Quan.At that time, Sun Quan was still a general, that is, the relationship between Sun Quan and Zhang Zhao and others, including Zhou Yu, could not be called the relationship between monarch and minister, but the relationship between superior and subordinate, but Zhou Yu took the lead in performing the ritual of monarch and minister.The fourth point is that Zhou Yu was not only loyal to the Sun family, but also brought in a Lu Su. It was Zhou Yu's recommendation and persuasion for Lu Su to defect to Sun Quan.So what is the relationship between Zhou Yu and Sun Quan, and the Sun family?Just like the relationship between Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei, it cannot be dismantled, it is very strong, so it is impossible for him to change his position, he must consider this issue from the position of Sun Quan, so it is called that there is no need to think about it.

The fourth point is that it is impossible.Let's see how to explain it, it means that Zhou Yu sang the argument of surrender, Zhuge Liang said that I have a good way, that is, there is no need to fight a battle, as long as one boat is enough, two people per boat, Zhou Yu asked him which two people, big Joe, little Joe, what's up.Only then did Zhou Yu fly into a rage, the old thief and I were at odds, the old thief bullied people too much, and so on.Then Zhou Yu said that in fact, I had advocated fighting against Cao Cao for a long time. I said that I wanted to surrender just now as a temptation, and it was considered to be the end of the field.

Then let's look at the temptation. Is this temptation necessary?Why try?According to the story, Zhou Yu is narrow-minded and narrow-minded. He can't trust Zhuge Liang, so he has to try it out.But we can't just talk about character, we have to talk about reason. From a logical point of view, the Jingzhou Group or the Liu Group, and the Jiangdong Group or the Sun Group are feuds. They were originally enemies; When we unite, we need to test it out, not to say that we are enemies, even people who have never met before, or two groups or two companies that have never been related to each other. If we want to cooperate, we have to test whether it is right.But since it is necessary to test, first of all, the test should be two-way, and both parties should test it. Why didn't Zhuge Liang test it?Because it is neither necessary nor possible for him to test it first, and he has no other choice at this time. He has no other choice but to join forces with Sun Quan. Why should he try?So Zhuge Liang didn't test, he didn't test Sun Quan, he didn't test Zhou Yu, he didn't test Lu Su, he just tried his best to explain.So since Zhuge Liang doesn't need to test, and Zhou Yu doesn't need to test, why are you testing him?That is, you can’t be tempted for the sake of temptation. Your temptation must have content. What are you tempting him for?Position, attitude, sincerity?It is not a problem at all, and there is no need to test it at all, so this is also unnecessary.

Because Lu Su knew Zhou Yu's position, viewpoint, and attitude, he suggested that Sun Quan recall Zhou Yu.If Zhou Yu was a capitulator like Zhang Zhao, Lu Su would not have made this suggestion. Wouldn't that be causing trouble for himself?Another opposition party came over, looking for trouble for nothing.So Lu Su knew, did Zhuge Liang know?Should know, why?Zhuge Liang knew three points before he came out of Longzhong, he even knew the future three points of the world, but he didn't know who Zhou Yu was?Zhuge Liang was able to make such a countermeasure in Longzhong, which shows that he knows the Jiangdong Group very well, and he has a lot of information. Including such an important person in the Jiangdong Group, it is impossible for you to say that Zhuge Liang knows everything about the Jiangdong Group. To know him is to not know Zhou Yu, so it is completely unnecessary to say that Zhou Yu was smartly stimulated. Wisdom inspires Zhou Yu is a story that reflects Zhou Yu's narrow-mindedness and deified Zhuge Liang's wisdom. Although this story is widely circulated among the people, it has never happened in history.Moreover, through the analysis of Mr. Yi Zhongtian, we also found that the logic of motivating Zhou Yu is also untenable.So what was the process of Zhou Yu's main battle in history?How did he make the final decision and impress Sun Quan to take the lead in the battle? The actual situation is that after Zhou Yu was recalled to Chaisang from the road to Poyang, Sun Quan held another meeting. Then Zhou Yu's attitude was very clear, and Zhou Yu's words can be said to be loud and righteous, showing his heroic qualities as a mainstay.What did Zhou Yu say?Zhou Yu said that although Cao Cao used his name as a prime minister of the Han Dynasty, he was actually a traitor of the Han Dynasty; General, you are a heroic man with a father and brother, and now you have a large number of people in Jiangdong, and everyone can fight Cao Cao with one heart and one mind; what we have to do in Jiangdong is Running rampant all over the world, weeding out the filth for the Han family, how can we surrender to Cao Cao?What's more, Cao Cao came to die by himself, is there any reason to surrender? Then this paragraph is also full of sense of justice. This is the same as Zhuge Liang's answer to Sun Quan's question, asking Liu Yuzhou why he didn't surrender to Cao Cao.And these two words, Zhuge Liang's words and Zhou Yu's words are all necessary, because we know that war is a continuation of political struggle, and justice is very important to war. Only when you are politically correct, then your army is Only the army of justice can defeat the enemy.So at this time Zhou Yu must say these words, and Zhuge Liang must also say those words before, to inspire his fighting spirit.But the problem is that political correctness does not equal military feasibility, and the opinions of the capitulators cannot be said to be unreasonable. What are the opinions of the capitulators?The capitulators have three opinions: the first one is that Cao Cao is a jackal, that is, Cao Cao is a jackal, a tiger, and a leopard. We are no match for him in the first place, and he is powerful. This is the first point.The second point is that its original words are "Take the emperor to conquer the four directions, and use the court as a speech." Cao Cao launched this war in the name of the court, and we are not as good as him.The third point, what can we fight against Cao Cao?The Yangtze River is a natural danger.But now Cao Cao has captured Jingzhou, and obtained the military supplies left by Liu Biao in Jiangling and the navy left by Liu Biao. In this way, the natural danger of the Yangtze River is shared by Cao Cao and us. We have neither the right time nor the right place. How can we What about against Cao Cao? So in response to this point of view, Zhou Yu put forward four opinions, which Zhou Yu believed were Cao Cao's taboos.Which four o'clock?The first point: the homeland is not safe, and the future troubles have not been eliminated, so I rashly go south.You haven't figured it out internally, what are Ma Teng, Ma Chao, Han Sui, and Zhang Lu Qiqibaba in the west, so it's too risky for you to attack rashly.The second point: give up the pommel horse and use the ship, and the long will be short.Your army in the north is originally composed of cavalry and infantry, which is stronger than that in the south, which is stronger in the navy.Originally doing one thing should be to maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses, but you do it the other way around, this is the second point.The third point: the weather is cold, the horses have no fodder, and the supplies are insufficient. You have chosen the wrong time.Because according to our calculations, the Battle of Chibi between Cao Cao and Sun Liu's coalition forces should have taken place in December of the thirteenth year of Jian'an, so it might be November when he came over. You chose the wrong time.The fourth point: if you work hard and go on an expedition, if the water and soil are not acclimatized, you will inevitably suffer from disease.Zhou Yu pointed out the four major disadvantages of Cao Cao's use of troops this time, and then said that these four major disadvantages are taboos for military strategists, and the old thief committed all of them, so he said to Sun Quan: Lord, according to Zhou Yu's opinion, capture this thief alive Just today, please ask the general to give Zhou Yu 30,000 elite soldiers to see Zhou Yu defeat Cao Jun. Zhou Yu's remarks are similar to what the hero Zhuge Liang saw. When Zhuge Liang asked whether Sun Quan and Cao Cao could defeat him, he also pointed out the three major disadvantages of Cao Cao. Which three major disadvantages?The first point is the expedition of labor teachers, which is the same as what Zhou Yu said.Moreover, Zhuge Liang said that Cao Cao chased Liu Yuzhou at a speed of 300 miles a day and a night, and when he chased all the way to this place, he was already at the end of his strength and had no fighting power. This is correct.The second point, Zhuge Liang also pointed out that Cao Cao does not use infantry, but uses sailors.Zhuge Liang said something different from Zhou Yu, and I think it is very correct, that is, Zhuge Liang pointed out that those who Liu Biao had just surrendered to Cao Cao were vacillating, and they were at odds with Cao Cao. A foundation, then this is the difference between Zhuge Liang as a politician and Zhou Yu, and he has seen this.All in all, the two of them have the same views, and they both think that Cao Cao is not that scary, not that scary.That is to say, Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu smashed the myth of Cao Cao's invincibility together. In this way, Sun Quan was completely confident, so Sun Quan officially stated his position. He said: "The old thief wants to abolish the Han and stand on his own for a long time." He wanted to overthrow our Great Han Dynasty, why didn’t he do this, he taboos these few people, Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Lu Bu, Liu Biao and Gu, now all the heroes are gone, the rest is Gu, so very simple , Gu and the old thief are incompatible.Then with a "swish", he pulled out the knife to "snap", and cut off the corner of the case. Whoever dares to say that he surrendered to Cao Cao, this is his example.Note that Sun Quan's word is not Cao Gong, but an old thief, so when he uses this word, it shows that he has made up his mind. Lu Su once helped Sun Quan settle the political accounts, that is, the result of surrender and defeat is the same; Zhuge Liang also helped Sun Quan settle the alliance accounts, saying that Sun Quan was full of enthusiasm and fighting spirit; Zhou Yu's statement made Sun Quan more determined to fight Determination.But the core competitiveness of war is military power. Although Sun Quan chopped off the corner of the table in public, he still feels guilty when he thinks of Cao Cao's 800,000 army. So how will Zhou Yu further settle military accounts for Sun Quan, and how will Sun Quan deploy it? What about? According to "The History of the Three Kingdoms·Zhou Yu Biography" Pei Songzhi quoted "Jiang Biao Biography", Zhou Yu and Sun Quan had another conversation that night.This time, Zhou Yu went to see Sun Quan alone. Zhou Yu said: My respectable colleagues only read a letter from Cao Cao saying that there are 800,000 people in the Jinzhi Navy, and they were frightened. They didn't seriously consider Cao Cao's letter. Is the figure of 800,000 mentioned in the letter accurate or inaccurate? Now Zhou Yu is doing a detailed account for the Lord: How many people did Cao Cao bring from the north?At most, 150,000 to 60,000, Cao Cao received from Liu Biao, specifically from Liu Cong, how many surrendered troops received Jingzhou?Seventy or eighty thousand at most, adding up to more than 200,000, and part of the more than 200,000 people is the exhaustion brought by Cao Cao from the north, and part of them is from Liu Cong who led them to surrender. How can such a group of people fight? Woolen cloth?My lord, please give Zhou Yu 50,000 elite soldiers, and Cao's army will surely be defeated.At this time, Sun Quan touched Zhou Yu's back and said, please note that there is the word "strossing the back", and stroking the back is a gesture of trust and kindness. Sun Quan touched Zhou Yu's back and said: Brother Gongjin, thank you, he Speaking of Zibu—that is to say, Zhang Zhao—Zibu and others only think about their wives and children’s prosperity and wealth. Their comments disappointed Gu very much. Only Gongjin and Zijing advocated the War of Resistance, which was the same as Gu’s thinking. This is God bestowing you two to Gu.Brother Gongjin, to be honest, 50,000 elite soldiers will not be able to gather for a while. Gu has already selected 30,000 elite soldiers for you, and has prepared ships, equipment, and weapons. Please, Gongjin Brother and Cheng Gong—that is, Cheng Pu—Zi Jing will go first together. If you meet Cao Jun and win the first battle, it is good.After saying this, Sun Quan appointed Zhou Yu as the commander-in-chief, Cheng Pu as the deputy commander-in-chief, and Lu Su as the chief of staff, and went against Cao Cao against the river. At this time, Liu Bei had followed Lu Su's suggestion from Xiakou to Fankou, which is now Ezhou in Hubei.After arriving in Ezhou, I heard bad news every day. After a while, the spies came to report where Cao Jun was, and after a while, the spies came to report where Cao Jun was. Zhuge Liang went to Soochow and did not come back. This Liu Bei was very anxious. Ah, so he sent his sentry to stand on the pier, looking forward to the stars and the moon, hoping every day that Zhuge Liang could accompany Zhou Yu, Lu Su and their rescuers.As a result, the day finally came when Zhou Yu's troops arrived, and Liu Bei went to work immediately, asking if he could meet with General Zhou?Zhou Yu said that he could not leave the barracks because of military affairs. If Liu Yuzhou could come here, Zhou Yu would be very happy. At this time, Liu Bei told Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. It's not good if we don't go, I'd better go.One person took a boat to meet Zhou Yu, which is called "going to the meeting with one boat".We all know that Guan Yu went to the meeting alone, and we will talk about it later, but Liu Bei actually went to the meeting alone. This proves that Liu Bei is indeed a hero, not as useless as people think.Then Liu Bei of course exchanged pleasantries after seeing Zhou Yu, and then expressed his thanks and condolences, but he also asked a very important question, that is, how many people did Gong Jin bring?Zhou Yu said thirty thousand.Oh, Liu Bei said, too little, there are two words in the history books: "Hate less".Zhou Yu said, quite a few, please let Liu Yuzhou rest assured that Zhou Yu will defeat the enemy!Zhou Yu's words are also very heroic, but let's think about it. At this time, Zhou Yu only has 30,000 people in his hands, while Liu Bei has 10,000 people in Guan Yu's hands, and 10,000 people in Liu Qi's hands, adding up to 50,000 people; Cao Cao is known as 800,000 people Yes, 400,000 in half, right? Another 200,000 in half, and 100,000 in half. Can these 50,000 people deal with Cao Cao? Everyone knows this conclusion. The result of the Battle of Chibi was that the combined forces of Sun and Liu defeated Cao Cao.But there is a problem here, that is, how did Sun and Liu Lianjun defeat Cao Cao?Well, there are some different views in the academic circles, one of which thinks that Cao Cao actually only had 5,000 people at this time, so we have to ask, is that true?Please see the next episode - Red Cliff Suspicion.