Chapter 33 The first episode of "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office" comes out

Zeng Zhaoyu's blood was splashed on Linggu Temple, and he passed away.The ensuing tragic political storm pushed his brother and sister-in-law, along with close relatives, old friends, and friendly colleagues to the smoky gate of hell. On July 7, 1964, according to the nomination of Mao Zedong, a group consisting of Peng Zhen, Lu Dingyi, Kang Sheng, Zhou Yang, and Wu Lengxi was established, with the responsibility of "implementing the instructions of the Central Committee and the Chairman on literature, art, philosophy and social sciences" This small group was later named the "Cultural Revolution Five-member Group".

On November 10, 1965, Shanghai "Wen Wei Po" published Yao Wenyuan's "Comment on the Newly Edited Historical Drama "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office"", publicly criticizing Wu Han, an expert on Ming history and then deputy mayor of Beijing.Marked by this article, the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" kicked off. In the summer of 1946, after the end of the Southwest United University, Wu Han and his wife Yuan Zhen first arrived in Shanghai, returned to Peking Tsinghua Garden in August, and lived in No. 12, West Courtyard.This house is located in the front row of Wang Guowei's former residence. It looks a bit dilapidated. It is said that it is for fourth-class professors to live in, but the living conditions are much better than those in Kunming. Wu and his wife are very satisfied.According to Wu Han later said in the article "Miscellaneous Memories of Tsinghua University": "I spent more than two years of dark years in this house. Although it was dark outside, there were often bright laughter in this house. , a heated debate." The dark years in Wu's heart naturally refer to the rule of the Kuomintang.As for the so-called laughter and arguments in the house, after Wu returned to Beiping, he met and established contact with Wang Jun (Wang Xingyuan) and Shen Yifan of the Peking League.Not long after, Liu Qingyang, the main person in charge of the Peking Civil League, went to Tianjin to prepare for the organization of the Hebei Democratic League. The work of the Peking Civil League was presided over by Wu Han. Turning point in career. At the beginning of 1947, the Kuomintang-Communist peace talks that had formed on the surface broke down again, and a larger-scale bloody battle was about to break out. The CCP delegation of the Military Adjustment Department headed by Ye Jianying decided to withdraw from Peiping.At the time of parting, Ye Jianying, Xu Bing and others held a farewell banquet for leaders of democratic parties and celebrities at the home of Wu Yuheng (president of the Beiping District Court and secret member of the NLD) at No. 13 Nanwanzi.Wu Han, Pan Guangdan, Fei Xiaotong, Xu Deheng, Zhang Xiruo, Chen Yuan, Xu Beihong, Qian Duansheng, Zhang Dongsun and more than 30 people attended the meeting. Ye Jianying, Wu Han and others gave speeches at the meeting.After the meeting, Xu Bing gave Wu Han a radio so that he could receive the CCP’s broadcast in time, mobilizing the teachers and students of all universities in Beiping to cooperate with the CCP’s actions.Wu Han first put the radio in the homes of several members of the NLD, and sent special personnel to listen to the radio at night, recorded and mimeographed it, and secretly distributed it to members of the NLD and some teachers and students the next day.Since the radio needs to be installed with an antenna, it is easy to be discovered by the Kuomintang military and police, and it must be moved to a new place within three to five days.There was a period of extreme tension. Wu Han put the radio in the laboratory of the Physics Department of Peking University through his relationship, so that he escaped the eyes and ears of the military and police, and the listening, recording, mimeograph and other matters were able to continue.

At the same time, Wu Han used his status as a professor at Tsinghua University to turn his home into a secret contact point, secretly contacting underground CCP members Cui Yueli, Wang Yeqiu, Ma Yanxiang and others in Beiping to hold a secret meeting.At that time, Wang Yeqiu was a counselor for the Major General of the KMT’s Sun Lianzhong Command in Beiping. According to the instructions of the CCP, Wang and Yu Xinqing, the deputy director of the design committee under Sun Lianzhong, tried to instigate Sun Lianzhong to turn against the water. After receiving many confidential telegrams, Wang Yeqiu and other instigators were exposed. Yu Xinqing was the first to be arrested, and Chen Rongsheng, the interpreter who helped Yu send telegrams to the CCP, fled to Wu Han’s home after hearing the news. Wu secretly sent Chen to the CCP through Sun Guoliang, an underground member of the CCP. control area.After Chen Rongsheng left, Wang Yeqiu fled to Wu Han's house. Wu Han was in a hurry and didn't know what to do for a while.According to what Wang Yeqiu told Xia Nai afterwards, seeing this situation, Yuan Zhen decisively asked Wu to take off his clothes for Wang, but Wu hesitated.Yuan Zhen tried his best to advocate, and his attitude was firm. Wu Cai took off his clothes and asked Wang Yeqiu to change them, and then sent him out of Tsinghua University. After being supported by the CCP's insiders, Wang Yeqiu was transferred to the actual control area of ​​the CCP in Hebei via Tianjin.After the founding of new China, Wang served as director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and other positions.

Wu Han's series of actions attracted the attention of the Kuomintang military and police, and they began to closely monitor him. On August 20, 1948, Peking military police surrounded Tsinghua University, intending to arrest "communist suspects" who "endangered the country".Wu Han knew it was impossible to escape, so he burned the secret documents and cables of the Democratic League and the CCP hidden in his home, waiting to be captured.Because Mei Yiqi, the president of Tsinghua University, tried his best to mediate between the military and the police, all the "suspects" were evacuated. Wu Han and all the people who had been on the military and police list at that time were not arrested, but Wu still left secretly from Tsinghua Park.

Regarding the process of Wu's departure, according to Wu Zelin, the dean of Tsinghua University at the time, recalled: In 1948, the Kuomintang sent a man named Chen Chengji to serve as the commander of the Beiping Garrison.At this time, the situation in Beiping was very tense. Chen Jiji often invited the presidents, provosts, and deans of various universities to his home for meetings and dinners. , asked the school authorities to restrict student movement, and publicly accused Wu Han, saying that he was inciting students to riot and should be punished. "One time I invited everyone to dinner. Peking University had Hu Shi and Zheng Tianting, Tsinghua University had President Mei and me, and Normal University had two gentlemen. Chen Chengji said very clearly, your Wu Han from Tsinghua University is making a fuss, and he must be restrained. At that time, Mr. Mei explained that he is a scholar, and he has nothing to do, and he can’t do anything. On the way back, I talked with Mr. Mei in the car. It seems that Wu Han is a bit disadvantaged. What should I do? Isn’t it? I should protect him. He said that I would look for him right away. When I found him, he said: "Mr. Wu, you have to go quickly, it's too late." How to arrange for him, then I don't know. But the specifics I was the one who arranged to find him and let him leave early."

Wu Zelin's words should be true or not far from the truth.Mei Yiqi is a celebrity in the Kuomintang, but he has always inherited the tradition and school spirit of freedom and democracy, and has always resisted various pressures to protect teachers and students who hold different political views.When I was in Kunming, I expressed disgust and distaste for the political ideas and practices of Wen Yiduo, Wu Han and others, but I still protected them as much as I could at critical times. This is the consistent style of the Mei family and the most honorable personality. one side.Wu Han received the notice and quickly fled. With the help of the CCP’s underground party, he first went to Shanghai, and soon flew back to Peiping secretly, and then turned into Tianjin to join his wife Yuan Zhen who had arrived in Tianjin before. Then the underground traffic officer sent by Cui Yueli Sent to the CCP-controlled areas in Hebei.In November of that year, Wu Han and his wife traveled to Xibaipo, Hebei Province, where the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is located, and were received by leaders of the Communist Party of China such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai.During this period, Wu Han submitted the revised draft of "The Biography of Zhu Yuanzhang" written by himself to Mao Zedong for review. Happened here and now.

On January 31, 1949, Peiping was peacefully liberated, and Wu Han participated in the city entry ceremony with the Chinese Communist Army.A few days later, Wu, Qian Junduan and others were entrusted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to take over Peking University and Tsinghua University.Just a few months ago, Wu was forced to flee Tsinghua University as a target captured by the Kuomintang, but now he returns to Tsinghua University as a victor. One can imagine his refreshing mood and high-spirited posture.According to Feng Youlan in his "Self-Report", when the People's Liberation Army besieged Beiping City in 1948, Zhang Zonglin and others from the Cultural Management Committee under the Military Control Commission of the Communist Party of China approached the members of the Tsinghua University Council and talked about how to maintain the school. In the official language, he said to Feng Youlan: "We have made an estimate of your actions, and now your performance is similar to our estimate. The Party Central Committee attaches great importance to you." Not long after, Feng Youlan was appointed by the Military Control Commission as the Tsinghua University Committee The chairman of the committee presided over the overall work and became the top leader of Tsinghua University.It's just that the good times didn't last long. The top leaders of the CCP, especially Mao Zedong, believed that Feng Shi could never adopt an "honest attitude" to learn from others, and it was embarrassing to be reused.So, after the PLA entered the city, Qian Junrui, the head of the military control committee, came to Tsinghua University and announced: "Wu Han was appointed as the army representative. From then on, Wu Han actually took charge of school affairs."

Wu Han, who has become the de facto leader of Peking University and Tsinghua University, once said this sentence at the Tsinghua Alumni Association Gathering in Beiping Qihelou: "Mei can stay in Tsinghua, Hu is better off." According to the report at the time Lin Congmin, an alumnus of Tsinghua University, recalled: “At that time, Mr. Wu had a harmonious relationship with Deng Xiaoping and Peng Zhen. I heard that he was Deng’s poker friend. Deng always called him a professor, and he was appointed as the deputy mayor of Beijing. The opinions of Master Mei and Mr. Hu Shi can be said to be semi-official opinions." However, Mei Yiqi did not obey Wu's call, nor did he recall the past when he took the risk to inform Wu to leave Tsinghua University, and finally transferred from Nanjing to Hong Kong. Bury your old bones in "Tianheng Island".

Wu Han, who had been the "principal" in Tsinghua Park for nearly a year, was appointed as the deputy mayor of Beijing in November 1949. The rumors of Tsinghua alumni were not groundless.Since then, Wu Han has started his official career where opportunities and risks coexist. As early as January 14, 1949, the Communist army bombarded Tianjin and Beiping was about to be taken. At this time, Wu Han wrote to Mao Zedong overnight, strongly demanding to join the Chinese Communist Party.Mao Zedong, who was busy with everything, was commanding thousands of troops and preparing to go south. After reading Wu Han's letter, he quickly wrote a few words in reply: "We agree to your request, but the timing of implementation is still worth studying. Comrade Enlai will tell you the details." Data are missing, and Mao’s thoughts after receiving the letter and the details of Zhou Enlai’s interview are no longer available. Presumably, Mao and Zhou Enlai will not forget this time three years ago, when the Chinese people entered a new historical stage-"Two Chinas" At the beginning of the decisive battle of fate, Wu Han, Zhang Bojun, Luo Longji, Zhang Dongsun, Chu Anping, Fei Xiaotong, etc., danced in the attitude of the so-called "third party", that is, "people's representatives" who are beyond the KMT and the Communist Party. He came out and clearly stated: "The Kuomintang is not good, nor is the Communist Party; The third party'." At the same time, Mao, Zhou and other CCP leaders will never forget that in January 1946, Wu Han and others, in a joint letter to the Political Consultative Conference of the National Government, described the Communist Party as the same as the Kuomintang and the Youth Party. He is a "raccoon of the same feather", and clamored in the tone of a "people's representative": "Your party history, your party program, and your self-proclaimed propaganda materials, we the people, to be honest, are not very interested." Lao Tzu, who is the best in the world, gritted his teeth and uttered harsh words to the KMT and the Communist Party and threatened: "The two parties will fight each other, and the people will suffer. It will not do any good to be angry with the people."

Unexpectedly, in just three years, as the world changed and the world turned upside down, Wu Han, as a "fighter", also changed his attitude with the times.Such a change should make Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, two revolutionary leaders who have experienced battles, feel too abrupt or unbelievable, and have a sense of "what is a human being".Remembering the past is the guide for the future. If Mao Zedong approved Wu Han’s strong request to join the Communist Party with a swipe of a pen, even Mao himself would blush, and it would be even more difficult to give a reasonable explanation to the party comrades.In view of this historical threshold and reason, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai simply ignored it. This was an appropriate contingency strategy for Mao and Zhou as politicians.

In this way, Wu Han was left alone, but unwilling to be left out, he wrote letters to the main leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Beijing Municipal Party Committee repeatedly, expressing that he would never give up if he did not join the Communist Party, and he would not die in peace. In 1954, Wu Han, the deputy mayor, expressed his love again in a long letter to Peng Zhen, the first secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee: In the past few years, I have not been lazy, but busy.I'm tired every day, but I can't focus on work. I have participated in a lot of work, and I have put my heart and effort into it.But never know what is right and what is wrong.No one told me to sum up the right thing and go deeper.What went wrong, why it was wrong, and how to correct it. Because I cannot join the party, the party treats me politely and generously. I have not given up on the idea of ​​joining the party. I want to work hard to get it. If it fails this year, it will fail in five years next year. In ten or twenty years, as long as I don’t die, I will achieve it one day.The purpose is nothing, just asking for education and doing a good job... Of course, Wu Han at this time knew the huge difference between joining the CCP and non-Party members, just like whether a deputy mayor is a member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee many years later, if he is, he can participate in the core of power Business; if not, I'm sorry, I can only do a little bit of drumming, and even the secretary and the person who fetches water and serves dishes can feel the weight and weight of "normal" and "very".After Wu Han persisted so tenaciously for almost a period of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the CCP saw that Wu was indeed "hardened", so in 1957 Liu Ren, the second secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the CCP, came forward to talk and inform the central government that he had officially approved it. Join the Communist Party.After Wu Han heard this, he was very happy. In the year Wu Han joined the party, due to the expansion of the "anti-rightist" struggle, many cadres and intellectuals began to carefully consider their words and deeds for fear of causing trouble.During the "Great Leap Forward" and the People's Commune Movement in 1958, "Left" errors with high targets, blind command, exaggerated style and "communist style" as the main signs appeared, which made some foolish and deceitful The big and small bureaucrats who dreamed of being promoted and getting rich kept silent, lied to many serious problems that had been clearly exposed, and reported good news but not bad news.At this time, Mao Zedong quickly noticed this problem, and at the Shanghai meeting held by the Party Central Committee in April 1959, he criticized this style of not daring to tell the truth.Once, Mao Zedong was enjoying watching the Hunan opera "The Card of Life and Death" in his hometown. At the end of the play, Hai Rui, an upright official during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, appeared.Mao's spirit was lifted, and a strange idea grew in his heart.After the show ended, he found "History of Ming Dynasty: Biography of Hai Rui" and read it. When he closed the last page, an idea came to his mind. The next day, Mao Zedong told a story about Hai Rui to a leader in charge of propaganda.Mao said: "Hai Jui scolded the emperor very badly. He called Jiajing 'every family is clean'. He also wrote this in his letter to the emperor, and he was imprisoned later. One day, the prison guard The man suddenly gave him food and wine. He was very surprised, so he asked the old man in charge, and found out that Emperor Jiajing was dead. He cried loudly and vomited out all the food he ate. The emperor himself is still loyal..." After Mao finished speaking, he instructed the leader to publicize Hai Jui's upright spirit, and asked a few historians to study it, from what angle and how to do the propaganda work. Since it involves Ming history, one cannot but think of Wu Han, who is known as an expert in Ming history.After the leader told Wu Han Mao Zedong's instructions, he encouraged Wu to write articles about Hai Rui.Hearing that it was Chairman Mao's order, Wu Han was naturally flattered, and quickly wrote an article "Hai Rui Curses the Emperor", which was published in the "People's Daily" on June 16 of the same year.The content of this article is basically the story of Hai Rui told by Mao Zedong, and it is also the content of the "Hai Rui Biography" in the history of the Ming Dynasty. Dare to scold indiscriminately.Afterwards, Wu Han wrote articles such as "Hai Rui", "Hai Rui's Upright Officials" and "The Story of Hai Rui" with great enthusiasm. The "three dares" spirit of telling the truth and daring to curse.Among the series of articles about Hai Rui written by Wu Han, the most watched one is "On Hai Rui".This article was written before the Lushan Conference in 1959 and published after the Lushan Conference.The article systematically discusses Hai Rui's achievements in his life, and fully affirms Hai Rui's "Three Dare" spirit and practices while advocating and applauding. After the Lushan meeting, Wu Han gave this article to a leader who attended the meeting. The leader said that what Mao Zedong said was advocating real Hai Rui, not fake Hai Rui; promoting leftist Hai Rui, not rightist Hai Rui. Rui told Wu Han what he meant.Due to the consideration of the political situation, before publishing this article, Wu Han had long been in the ranks of the imperial literati in spirit, and Wu Han, who had a speculative mentality, added a superfluous paragraph against right opportunists impersonating Hai Rui and other words that had nothing to do with the full text. ——Since it is a gambling speculative composition, the key is to embody the word "dare" and "gambling". As for whether it is relevant or not, it is not important in Wu's eyes. In September 1959, Ma Lianliang, an actor of the Beijing Peking Opera Troupe who was good at listening to the wind and observing political trends everywhere, vaguely felt that the character Hai Rui had "something to play" in the new political struggle, so he took the initiative to invite Wu Han to adapt Hai Rui's deeds into a Peking opera.Although Wu Han is a complete layman in drama creation, because Hai Rui is a "playful" figure in the new class trends, he agreed to do so, and together with a group of strategists from Su Qin and Zhang Yi in the Beijing opera circle and a group of Yang Xiu and others from the Three Kingdoms era With the help of talented scholars like Jiang Gan, he wrote five scripts of the Peking Opera "Hai Rui" in March 1960.At this time, Wu Han had no solid knowledge of script art or political trends. In order to prevent his horse from stumbling, or to make Jiang Gan steal books in the Three Kingdoms era-the tragic ending of two failures, he decided to consult the cultural and drama circles. The opinion of the bigwigs.Unexpectedly, these gangsters can say a thing or two about the coherence of the script's dramatic plot, but playing real politics is naturally a group of fools who are not even as good as fanciers.In this way, under the clamor and praise of these foolish people, rehearsals of Wu's script began at the end of 1960, and the name was changed to "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office". At this time, Wu Han and Ma Lianliang did not expect that after the performance of "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office", the reaction they received would be "Chairman Mao is very happy".Not long after, Mao Zedong met Ma Lianliang, who played the leading role of Hai Rui, at home, had dinner with him, and said, "The show is good, and Hai Rui is a good person."Mrs. Ma was born in Zhongnanhai, and still excitedly told Wu Han: "Chairman Mao is really great, he is a virtuous corporal, and he is close to the masses." Wu Han was naturally overjoyed when he heard that.Can get the appreciation of the chairman, it can be seen that this treasure is the right one.Hearing Chairman Mao’s affirmation, the bigwigs in the literary and art circles cheered up, so the applause was overwhelming. Liao Mosha and other bigwitnesses exclaimed that a historian could write a Peking opera script, breaking the "historical history". The boundary between " and "drama" provides a new good start for China's new literature and art movement. Just when the great leader Chairman Mao affirmed, Ma Lianliangshan exclaimed "Chairman Mao is really great", Liao Mosha and others praised Wu for breaking the boundary between "history" and "drama", and became an omnipotent talent plus genius. However, a person far away in Shanghai expressed a different view and had an ominous premonition. This person was Wu Han's colleague Shi Zhecun at Southwest Associated University during the Anti-Japanese War.In Shi's later recollections of Wu Han, he first stated that Wu was the fastest-growing among his peers, which fueled Wu's self-confidence and arrogance. On the eve of the Great Revolution, when I saw it, I was shocked by his recklessness and ignorance. Later, as expected, this small article became his big crime.” Shi Zhecun was teaching at the Chinese Department of East China Normal University at that time, and became a famous modernist writer and literary theorist. Some of his comments on characters were in line with the facts, such as Wu Han's "confidence and arrogance"; Like "Hai Rui Scolds the Emperor" and "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office", it is hard to imagine that Shi Shi had such a shrewd and sharp political mind at that time. ", and there is a harbinger of bad luck.If Shi Shi had this kind of ability, he would have "flyed to the top" long before Wu Han.It might be inappropriate to say that Shi Zhecun compared himself to Zhuge Wuhou who knows everything well, and Wu Han to the incompetent Adou, but it may not be wrong to say that Shi's inference belongs to "after-the-fact Zhuge Liang". Of course, later facts proved that Wu Han was indeed burned because of the publication of these royal essays, and he was hit by bad luck, which led to a life tragedy with no place for burial. On November 11, 1965, Wu Han came back from a meeting in other places. As usual, he came to the desk in the West Room of his apartment, ready to read the newspaper of the day of study, so as to keep pace with the times, and then make a character like Hai Rui’s brother or grandfather. Write it down, let Mao Zedong be happy and invite himself to Zhongnanhai for a meal.It's just that what he and those who played the side drums sincerely or falsely like Liao Mosha's generation did not expect that there was a sudden thunder in the clear sky, and everyone fell to the ground, and they stepped on the weights in the process of falling to the ground. Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and other talents and beauties in the corner have already sharpened their swords and took the opportunity to appear on stage.An unprecedented catastrophe danced around Hai Rui, a zombie. Just as Wu Han sat down, his wife Yuan Zhen walked over from the main room. Her face was pale, and she pointed to the previous day's "Wen Wei Po" on the table, stood there for a while, and quietly walked away without saying a word.Wu opened the newspaper without any hassle, and it turned out that Yao Wenyuan's article "Comment on the New Historical Drama (Hai Rui Dismissed from Office)" was published.After a rough look, he felt that it was too far-fetched, and many of the historical materials used were taken out of context, which seemed to be unreasonable.I wanted to ignore it, but read it again out of political sensitivity.When he read the last part of the article, he was taken aback.The text says: What is the "practical significance" of the "big-character poster" "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office"?What effect did it play on the Chinese people in our socialist period?To answer this question, it is necessary to study the background of the work.As you all know, in 1961, when our country encountered temporary economic difficulties due to three consecutive years of natural disasters, when the imperialists, the reactionaries of various countries, and modern revisionism repeatedly launched anti-China upsurges, the ghosts and monsters had a "going it alone" for a while. wind", "reversal wind".They preached the superiority of going it alone, demanded the restoration of the individual economy, and demanded the "retirement of farmland".This is to dismantle the people's communes and restore the evil rule of the landlords and rich peasants.Those imperialists and landlords who created countless wronged prisons for the working people in the old society lost the right to create wronged prisons. I hope that someone who represents their interests will come out and act as their political agent to fight against the dictatorship of the proletariat, defend their injustice, "reverse the case" for them, and make them come to power again. "Retirement of land" and "redress of wronged prisons" were the focus of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against the dictatorship of the proletariat and the socialist revolution at that time... "Hai Jui Dismissed from Office" is not a fragrant flower, but a poisonous weed.Although it was published and performed in the first few years, there are many articles praising it, and similar works and articles have been circulated in large numbers, which have great influence and spread widely. If they are not clarified, they will be very harmful to the cause of the people. After reading this passage, Wu Han felt indignant, and calmed down to think about it carefully. He felt that this article was not an academic discussion article, and he did not quite believe that this article was written by Yao Wenyuan alone.He vaguely felt that a storm was coming.It should be said that Wu Han's premonition was correct. Within a few months, the whistling sound of a hurricane sounded from the top of the big tree. From March 17 to 20, 1966, Mao Zedong convened an enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in Hangzhou to study how to further carry out cultural criticism.At this meeting, Mao Zedong named Wu Han and Jian Bozan, two big historians, and brought up the old story again, saying that they were anti-communist and the Kuomintang. The contracted policy has both advantages and disadvantages.Many cultural departments are now in the hands of bourgeois intellectuals.The deeper the socialist revolution went, the more they resisted, and the more they exposed their anti-Party and anti-socialist features.Wu Han, Jian Bozan and others are members of the Communist Party and anti-communist, but they are actually the Kuomintang.All localities must pay attention to who owns schools, newspapers, periodicals, and publishing houses, and conduct practical criticism of bourgeois academic authority.We want to cultivate our own young academic authority.Don't be afraid of young people breaking the "king's law" and don't withhold their manuscripts.The Central Propaganda Department should not become the Rural Work Department.At the same time, Mao Zedong also criticized Peng Zhen, the first secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, for creating an "independent kingdom" because the Shanghai opera "Ludang Tinder" could not be performed in Beijing. From March 28th to 30th, Mao Zedong had two separate talks with Kang Sheng in Hangzhou, asking why the Central Propaganda Department did not greet Wu Han when he wrote so many reactionary articles, but he had to greet the Central Propaganda Department when he published Yao Wenyuan's article. Doesn't the resolution of the central government count?What is a school valve?Those who shield anti-communist intellectuals are the school tyrants, those who shield Wu Han and Jian Bozan and other "middle school tyrants" are "university tyrants", and the Central Propaganda Department is the "Hall of Hades", who want to "defeat the king of hell and liberate the little devils"!The needle of the Beijing Municipal Committee cannot be inserted, and the water cannot be poured.The Central Propaganda Department will be disbanded, the Beijing Municipal Party Committee will be disbanded, and the five-member group will be disbanded.In particular, Mao Zedong pointed out that Wu Han and Jian Bozan were school bosses, and there were big party bosses who protected them. Words" is "anti-Party and anti-socialist".Finally, Mao Zedong said: I have always advocated that whenever the central government does bad things, I will call on the localities to rebel and attack the central government, so that there will be more "Monkey Kings" in all localities to create havoc in the Heavenly Palace.At the meeting in September last year, I asked comrades from all over the country that "revisionism" appeared in the central government, what should you do?It is likely that this is the most dangerous.We must support the leftists, build teams, follow the mass line and so on. On March 31, Kang Sheng returned to Beijing to convey the content of Mao Zedong's conversation in detail to Zhou Enlai and Peng Zhen, and at the same time passed the news to Jiang Qing.Jiang Qing, who is from Zhucheng in Shandong Province and has a friendly relationship with Kang Sheng, understood the news, and immediately organized personnel to launch a crusade against Wu, Jian and others and the "university faction" behind them, and the situation took a turn for the worse. On April 1, Zhang Chunqiao took out a copy of "Several Opinions on (The Outline of the Current Academic Discussion Report of the Cultural Revolution Group of Five)", which listed three crimes in the "Outline". On April 2, "People's Daily" and "Guangming Daily" simultaneously published two articles "The Reactionary Essence of "Hai Rui Curses the Emperor" and "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office"" by Qi Benyu, who was "suppressed" by the daring Central Propaganda Department. On April 5, "Red Flag" magazine published Guan Feng and Lin Jie's ""Hai Rui Curses the Emperor" and "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office" Are Two Great Poisonous Weeds Against the Party and Socialism."Furthermore, the emperor's dismissal of Hai Rui was linked to the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to dismiss Peng Dehuai at the Lushan Conference, which made the criticism of "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office" more politically charged.The fields of social sciences such as history, literature and art, and philosophy have begun to "uncover" in an all-round way.Since then, the tone of criticizing Wu Han in the newspapers has once again increased, and the attitude has become more intense. Since May 8, major newspapers in Beijing and Shanghai have published articles by Jiang Qing’s pseudonym Gao Ju, Guan Feng’s pseudonym He Ming, and others such as Yao Wenyuan, Qi Benyu, and Yan Changgui. A "Three Family Village" target.The so-called "Three Family Villages" are the former president and editor-in-chief of the People's Daily, Deng Tuo, then secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee Secretariat, Liao Mosha, director of the United Front Work Department of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, and Wu Han. Published sixty-seven "Sanjia Village Notes" essays.These articles, together with Deng Tuo's essay "Yanshan Evening Chat" written by the "Beijing Evening News" earlier, and Wu Han's "Hai Rui Cursing the Emperor", were characterized as "anti-Party and anti-socialist black lines". Wu, Deng, and Liao were branded as "Sanjia Village anti-Party clique" and "anti-socialist black shop owner".And because Mao Zedong was dissatisfied with Peng Zhen, the first secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, and others, Mao arranged for Peng, Luo (Ruiqing), Lu (Dingyi), and Yang (Shangkun) to deal with the group of "kings of hell" at the same time. , Wu Han, Liao Mosha and other former officials of the "Hall of the King of Hades" escalated in an all-round way.Shanghai's "Liberation Daily" and "Wen Wei Po" published articles such as Yao Wenyuan's "Comment on "Sanjia Village"" and "The Reactionary Essence of "Sanjia Village Notes"", claiming that Deng Tuo's "Yanshan Evening Chat" and "Sanjia Village Notes" were " A well-planned, purposeful, planned, and organized anti-Party and anti-socialist attack", called for "to thoroughly dig out the root of the 'Sanjia Village' and completely eliminate the poison of the 'Sanjia Village'".For a time, a huge siege and a huge wave of denouncing the "Sanjia Village" were set off across the country. In this turmoil, Chen Yonggui, secretary of the party branch of the Dazhai Brigade in Xiyang County, Shanxi Province, was also instructed to stand up and publicly published in the "People's Daily" The signed article sternly denounced: "When I read the newspapers, heard the radio, and learned about Deng Tuo and Wu Han's anti-Party and anti-socialist crimes, the more I read, the more angry I became. I My heart is about to jump out, and I can't hold back my words. The shopkeepers of the "Sanjia Village" black shop, I want to question you: You eat people's tea and rice every day, why do you specifically engage in anti-people activities? Warn you bad guys, we Dazhai people and the workers, peasants and soldiers of the whole country unswervingly hold high the great red banner of Mao Zedong Thought, we must wipe out the anti-party and anti-socialist poisonous snakes... Who supports Deng Tuo, Liao Mosha, Wu Han? If we are anti-Party elements, we will settle accounts with anyone; whoever wants to cover them, we will fight against them.” In the end, Chen Yonggui said firmly: “The attempt of the anti-Party and anti-socialist elements in ‘Sanjia Village’ will never Achieved. Socialism is an iron country with a steel gang and an iron bottom. You can’t move a half brick even if you move it for ten thousand years. The fire you started has now burned on yourself, and will burn you poisonous weeds. do." From May 4 to 26, 1966, an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee was held in Beijing.In the first half of the meeting, it mainly exposed the issue of "Peng Zhen, Luo Ruiqing, Lu Dingyi, and Yang Shangkun's conspiratorial anti-party group", and at the same time announced dismissal and investigation. This is the famous "Peng Luo Lu Yang Incident".This was the first "conspiratorial anti-Party clique" to be dragged out and put up flags in the "Cultural Revolution" movement, and it was also the first group of people in power to be overthrown during the "Cultural Revolution". On May 16, the "May 16 Notice" formulated by Mao Zedong himself was passed, and the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" officially began. On the second night or the early morning of the third day after the "May 16 Notice" was passed, Deng Tuo wrote a long letter at home to Peng Zhen, Liu Ren and other Beijing Municipal Party Committee colleagues. He was knocked to the ground and lost his freedom on May 16, but Deng didn't know it. He wrote in the letter: "Many writers of workers, peasants and soldiers said: 'After listening to the radio and reading Deng's news published in the newspaper, I am very angry about spreading a group of anti-party and anti-socialist slang words. I completely understand their feelings. I have no complaints against all those who criticize me. As long as it is beneficial to the party and the cause of the revolution, no matter what pain and suffering I personally suffer I am willing to sacrifice. It was like this in the past, it is like this now, and it will always be like this..." He also said: "What is the meaning of the article? In "Journal of Family Village", I wrote a total of 171 articles, how many have problems? What is the nature of the problem? I believe this is an objective existence, and we will definitely figure it out." From the above sentences, it can be seen that Deng Tuo attached great importance to the article by Chen Yonggui, who was squatting on the hilltop of Dazhai Village, Shanxi Province, and mistakenly believed that this guy wearing a sheep's belly towel could really represent the people of the whole country and workers and peasants Soldiers.If the voice of this old farmer with a long-handled cigarette pouch on his waist and his face full of the old society really came from his heart, then Deng Tuo, who is an intellectual and a senior party cadre, must have been shocked.But at this time, Deng Tuo still didn't think there was anything wrong with his character and the articles he wrote. In his letter, he stated that he was definitely not a "traitor" who "infiltrated the party, pretended to be active, and defrauded the trust of the party and the people".Deng Tuo wrote the last few sentences in this rather long suicide note when he thought that the situation and matter that should be declared and justified were all over: 作为一个共产党员，我本应该在这一场大革命中经得起严峻的考验。遗憾的是我近来旧病都发作了，再拖下去徒然给党和人民增加负担。但是，我的这一颗心永远是向着敬爱的党，向着敬爱的毛主席。当我要离开你们的时候。让我再一次高呼：伟大的、光荣的、正确的中国共产党万岁！我们敬爱的领袖毛主席万岁！伟大的毛泽东思想胜利万岁！社会主义和共产主义的伟大事业在全世界的胜利万岁！ 写完这几句表明自己态度，同时意在保护未亡的妻子儿女的政治口号后，时间大约是5月17日深夜或18日凌晨。此时邓拓已心力交瘁，有速死之念。在生命的最后一刻，他坚持给早年在晋察冀边区闹革命时代结识的妻子、当天晚上被他托故支走的丁一岚写了一封简短的遗嘱： 一岚：我因为赶写了一封长信给市委，来不及给你们写信。此刻心脏跳动很不规律，肠疾又在纠缠，不多写了。你们永远不要想起我，永远忘掉我吧。我害得你们够苦了，今后你们永远解除了我所给予你们的精神创伤。永别了，亲爱的。 写下这些文字后，邓拓吞服了烈性毒药。未久，毒性发作，邓拓砰然倒地，就此结束了54个春秋的人生。