Chapter 32 The fifth section pays the ashes of the robbery under the Linggu Pagoda

The movement to criticize Li Xiucheng was in the ascendant, and the "Four Clean-ups", which affected all social classes, became a prairie fire again.This political movement, which began at the end of 1962 and was gradually pushed out of the rural areas of China, had the initial slogan of "clearing work points, clearing accounts, clearing property, clearing warehouses", and later expanded to "big four cleansing", that is, "checking history, Inventory of Thought, Inventory of Politics, Inventory of Economy" movement.Also known as the "Socialist Education Movement".During the investigation, the targets of the struggle were corrupt elements in rural and urban areas. Class struggles with personal grievances and serious political tendencies gradually emerged. Emergence—this was the prelude to a ten-year "Cultural Revolution" of total chaos.

In this massive movement, Yang Xianzhen, Sun Yefang, Jian Bozan, Luo Ergang, etc., who were once extremely popular in the academic world, were publicly named and picked up by the powerful people by their necks. criticism.Although Zeng Zhaoyu escaped by chance during the previous campaigns, when the campaign came, he felt a more intense pain, confusion and fear.In accordance with the principle of action of the "Four Investigations", Zeng Zhaoyu has nothing to say about "historical issues" except that he is confident that there are no economic problems to investigate.The designation of the Zeng family as a "counter-revolutionary historical family" is a nail in the coffin, and the nail has turned a corner.In terms of ideology and politics, Zeng has always believed that this is a sharp sword hanging over his head, which may fall and stab his head at any time. .At this time, Zeng Zhaoyu's body was not as good as before, obviously thin and weak, listless.In March of this year, Zeng Zhaoyu had a nervous breakdown under tremendous pressure and suffered from depression. He had to be admitted to Nanjing Dingshan Sanatorium for medical treatment.

At the beginning of December 1964, the third National People's Congress was about to be held. When Zeng Zhaoyu was lying on the hospital bed and received the bronzing representative certificate, his eyes were dull and expressionless, and then he burst into tears.The sender of the certificate saw that the other party’s mental state was on the verge of collapse, so he comforted him with kind words, telling him to let go of all the burdens of thought and worries in life, to devote himself bravely, rationally and enthusiastically to the great "Four Cleansing" movement, and to embrace with open arms Fiery new socialist life and so on.Facing the kind and sincere eyes of his old colleagues who have been helping each other for decades, Zeng Zhaoyu said sadly: "Don't comfort me anymore, I can't do it!"

At this time, Zeng Zhaoyu's state of mind was like Zeng Guofan's curse of "exhausted mentally and physically, but wanted to die quickly".Ten days later, on December 22, Zeng Zhaoyu offered to take the doctor who treated her home in a car from the Nanjing Museum.After being sent back to the doctor, she said to the driver lightly: "Let's go to Linggu Temple, I want to relax." The driver understood and drove to Linggu Temple. Linggu Temple is located in the east of Zhongshan Mausoleum in Nanjing. It was first built in Dulongfu of Zijin Mountain. It is the most scenic area of ​​Zijin Mountain. It was originally named Kaishan Temple. Built by monks.The remains of the famous monk Baozhi were buried in the temple, and the Zhigong Pagoda was built. It was renamed Baogong Temple in the Tang Dynasty, Kaishan Taoist Temple in the Southern Tang Dynasty, Taiping Xingguo Temple in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Jiangshan Temple in the early Ming Dynasty.In the 14th year of Ming Hongwu (1318), Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang decided to build Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum in Dulongfu, so the temple and pagoda were moved to the vicinity of the later Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, and renamed Linggu Temple.At that time, Linggu Temple was huge in scale, covering an area of ​​more than 500 mu. The mountain gate was written as "the best Zen forest in the world". Later, the temple was destroyed by Bingxian, and only the Wuliang hall remained.In the sixth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1867), Zeng Guofan, governor of Liangjiang, built the "Dragon King Temple" on the original site, and it became a place for people to pray for rain. In 1931, the national government started to build the National Revolutionary Army Cemetery on the site of the original temple, and it was completed in 1935. In the center of the cemetery, the remains of 128 soldiers who died in the "1.28" Songhu Anti-Japanese War in 1932 were buried. There are 70 members of the 19th Route Army and 58 members of the Fifth Army and Gendarmerie Regiment. As a symbol of the tenacious spirit of the Chinese Kuomintang soldiers, these names are respected and commemorated by all walks of life.After the founding of New China, it was renamed Linggu Park, but it is still called Linggu Temple by custom.There is a landmark scenic spot in the temple, the Linggu Pagoda. The tower is 66 meters high, with nine floors and eight sides. The diameter of the bottom floor is 14 meters, and the diameter of the top floor is 9 meters. It is a mixed structure of granite and reinforced concrete. Built in 1933, it was called the Memorial Tower of the Fallen Soldiers at that time, commonly known as the nine-story tower.Inside the tower, there are spiral steps going up around the central stone pillar. There are 252 steps in total. Each floor is covered with blue glazed tiles.On the pagoda, there are four characters written by Chiang Kai-shek himself, "serve the country with loyalty", and one chapter each of "Records and Prefaces of Classmates of Whampoa Military Academy No.

Zeng Zhaoyu's car stopped quietly in front of Linggu Temple. She put a pack of apples into the driver's arms and said softly: "Please eat, wait for me for a while." After speaking, she opened the car door and hurried to Linggu Tower go.In the tea room under the pagoda, Mrs. Zeng lingered in contemplation, then took out a pen and wrote something on a small note, and put the note in the pocket of his coat after writing.The driver waiting outside seemed to feel a little ominous, and hurriedly abandoned the car and walked into the tea room. Zeng Zhaoyu took off his coat and handed it to the driver with a blank expression, telling him to wait here. He wanted to relax on the tower. The tower ladder climbs upwards.Ten minutes later, tourists outside suddenly saw a figure jumping in the air on the towering Linggu Pagoda, like a magnificent colorful cloud floating down in the sky, and suddenly fell into the stone steps overgrown with dry grass. Dyed red—a generation of heroines passed away forever.

According to the coroner sent by the relevant department, Zeng committed suicide by jumping from the seventh floor of Linggu Pagoda.Later, a small note was found in the pocket of the jacket that he handed over to the driver, which said "My death has nothing to do with the driver". Since the records of Zeng Zhaoyu's life trajectory, especially the first-hand materials after 1949, have not been published due to complicated historical reasons, it is inevitable that the outside world will generate various speculations and even false rumors about the cause of Zeng's death. Liang Baiquan, who was the secretary of the Nanjing Museum Office at the time, recalled: "Before Zeng Zhaoyu jumped off the building, he sent me a letter in the mailbox. After her death, the whole hospital was blocked by relevant departments, and this letter fell into the hands of relevant people in the United Front Work Department of the Provincial Party Committee. , I still don’t know anything about what is written on it.”

According to Liang's speculation and analysis, Zeng Zhaoyu's suicide, in addition to the endless political campaigns involving the Zeng family and herself, made her trembling all day long, walking on thin ice, causing great psychological pressure, and the following typical cases, which also led to her final direction. The underlying reasons for the destruction of roads: 1. In the early days of the founding of New China, the landlord class was overthrown. In addition to being sent to the execution ground or shot, or beaten to death with sticks, or hacked to death with knives, the family members of the landlords who committed minor crimes such as the elderly and "dogs" plus " Most of the "doglegs" were swept out and lived on the streets.An old "dogleg" from Zeng's family in Heyetang, Xiangxiang, Hunan, an accountant with a melon skin hat and reading glasses, came to Nanjing in the early 1950s to seek help from Zeng Zhaoyu because he had no means of living after being kicked out.Miss Zeng, who lived in her hometown back then, grew up day by day under the respect and caress of the accountant. The two have their own extraordinary feelings.Although many years had passed, Zeng Zhaoyu received him without hesitation when faced with his old friend asking for help, and did what he could to entertain and provide relief.About one night when I met this accountant in Nanjing, the two talked about the situation of the Zeng family in Heyetang, Xiangxiang, and the dangerous situation they faced under the new situation.Out of a mentality of self-preservation and self-rescue, Zeng Zhaoyu kept the land deeds and house deeds of the Xiangxiang Zeng family (southern note: maybe only Zeng Guohuang's branch) that had been kept secret at the bottom of her box, which were considered by the CCP as "changing accounts". All evidences were secretly burned.Later, as the "spiritual bathing" continued to deepen, Zeng suddenly realized that he should have handed over all the Zeng family's "changing account" to the "organization" unconditionally at that time, and should not have quietly burned it by himself. For an unforgivable crime against the party and the people, he felt remorse and self-blame, and his mental pressure suddenly increased.

Liang Baiquan's statement was supported by written materials.In the "confession" submitted to the organization, Zeng Zhaoyu said when talking about "my childhood": "When I was six years old, my mother invited a poor scholar from Hengyang to be our teacher (at that time I There is also a teacher of an older sister who is still alive, and this person is named Zeng Xiaoping, who is our uncle in terms of seniority.” According to Zeng Zhaomei’s recollection: “Mr. Uncle Xiaoping started teaching (the two brothers in Changsha) from my sister [Zhaoyu and Zhaoyi] Another teacher) and I have been teaching in my home for eighteen years. My sister is the most skilled, and she is omnipotent. The descendant Yifang studied for six years and is excellent in both learning and practice." In 1920, Brothers Zeng Zhaocheng and Zhaolun were both studying abroad, and this year the world was in chaos, banditry was rampant, and Zeng Zhaoyu's family lived under threat all day long.Zeng Zhaoyu recalled: "We dare not live at home. We always live in one tenant's house for a while, and that tenant's house for a while. When we come home, we are also sneaky. When we study at night and light up the lamp, we have to cover all the windows. Seeing from outside, I dare not sleep in the main room at night, and hide in the library to sleep. Our children even built bricks into holes one after another, preparing to hide in when the bandits came. I got up from the bed and ran into the vegetable garden, preparing to escape over the wall. This kind of horrible life always makes me have a gloomy and melancholy feeling about this old family."

It was in such troubled times that one day, the Zeng family was robbed by a group of powerful bandits. Zeng Zhaoyu's grandfather, father and others were all kidnapped by the bandits, and the Zeng family fell into chaos.Master Xiao Ping is not only responsible for the study of Zeng's children.He also ran around asking for help from relatives and friends of the Zeng family, trying to rescue the kidnapped master.After the master was rescued, Master Xiao Ping also served as the accountant of the Zeng family. In 1925, Zeng Zhaoyu's grandfather, Zeng Jiliang, passed away, and "the atmosphere at home was full of sadness."The Zeng sisters bury their heads in the library every day with their professional teacher Zeng Xiaoping.One day, Zeng Zhaoyi's elder sister, Zeng Zhaoyi, was hiding in a dark study upstairs, and accidentally fell from the upstairs, breaking her wrist. It took a long time to heal.Successive sufferings and "depressed environment" made Zeng Zhaoyu unwilling to stay any longer. She repeatedly discussed with her mother and begged to leave here. Coupled with the support of her two older brothers, her mother finally "reluctantly agreed." In April 1948, Master Xiao Ping resigned from his teaching and accountant position, and returned to his hometown when he was old. The Zeng family gave the teacher a pension and proper arrangements so that he could spend his old age in peace.To the surprise of the Zeng family and this Xiaoping teacher, a year later, with Zeng Guofan becoming a representative of the landlord class and the characterization of "traitors and executioners who suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", this school teacher naturally became the representative of the landlord class and traitors and executioners. The filial sons and grandsons were suppressed and controlled by the local government, and were finally driven out of their homes and wandered on the streets.It was against such a political and living background that Master Xiao Ping wandered all the way to the Nanjing Museum and found Miss Zeng Zhaoyu whom he had brought into adulthood.At this time, when Dean Zeng saw the teacher in such a desperate state, he had mixed feelings, tears in his eyes, and took him home to entertain him warmly.

There is a crucial plot here, that is, the accountant Mr. Liang Baiquan said handed over the Zeng family's land deed or other family property accounts in his possession to Zeng Zhaoyu.These things resurfaced under the strict control of the new regime after "cracking down on the local tyrants and dividing up the land".It is self-evident that Zeng Zhaoyue was shocked and frightened.It was this kind of sudden fear that made Zeng Zhaoyu choose a method that seemed wise at the time in the dilemma - to burn it with a fire.It's just that a wise man is bound to make a mistake. The strange thing about history is that Master Xiaoping didn't die on the spot after being burned, so that there was no proof of his death, but he returned to his hometown alive.And so things got serious.As the political situation becomes more and more tense, one movement after another continues to unfold and escalate. Mr. Accountant, who has returned to his hometown in Hunan and has been monitored and suppressed, will be forced to reveal secrets if he cannot withstand the temptation of worldly sentiments or the torture of being beaten with a copper-headed belt. , and confessed that he conspired with Zeng to destroy the "Biantian Account" of the landlord leader, and the consequences were disastrous.Once traced, Zeng Zhaoyu is undoubtedly a betrayal of the party and the new socialist China, and it is inevitable that he will be punished as an "current counter-revolutionary element". ——This penetrating fear, which became more and more serious with the delay of time and the deterioration of the political environment, became one of the important reasons for Zeng's nervous breakdown.

2. In October 1946, the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica and the Ministry of Education jointly held an exhibition in Nanjing. According to internal legends, it was dedicated to celebrating Chiang Kai-shek’s birthday.At that time, the Ministry of Education participated in the exhibition only in name, and the specific organizer was the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum under the Ministry of Education. As the general director, Zeng Zhaoyu naturally became the specific operator.To this end, Zeng presided over the selection of exhibits and gave specific guidance on the design of exhibits.On the opening day, Zeng Zhaoyu received Chiang Kai-shek, Song Meiling and his wife as the host, as well as the US special envoy to China Marshall and his wife Catherine and other dignitaries.During this period of history, Zeng Zhaoyu made a confession to the "organization" in his "confession" in 1951: In October 1946, many members of the museum and I were demobilized to Nanjing. The Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica and the Puppet Ministry of Education jointly held a cultural relics exhibition (it was said that it was held for Chiang Kai-shek’s birthday, but it was not indicated on the outside. ), asked me to help temporarily, when Chiang Kai-shek and Song Meiling accompanied the Marshalls to visit, I also entertained them, especially Mrs. The newspapers and magazines, Zeng Zhaoyu knew this fact very well, and it cannot be erased by forceful obscenities. They could only follow the CCP's slogan of "leniency for confession, strictness for resistance" and the iron law, trembling, tentatively confessing as if walking on thin ice.However, it can be seen from these short "confessions" that Zeng Zhaoyu is indeed a smart woman. She quickly passed through Jiang Song, the "war criminal couple" and Marshall, the "running dog of American imperialism". The undercurrent joint plate then slid to Mrs. Marshall's side, and hugged the yellow-haired and blue-eyed Ms. Catherine with the word "special".Zeng Zhaoyu knew that Lady Catherine, sandwiched between a few dignitaries and dignitaries, was the farthest from China's politics on the smooth ice as thin as white paper, and the ice layer under her feet was the thickest. It is wise to focus on this "confession" in the context of clearing or erasing this historical fact.However, the relationship with Chiang Kai-shek did not end there. From May 29 to June 8, 1948, the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum and the Nanjing Branch of the Palace Museum jointly held an exhibition in the newly completed exhibition hall of Zhongshan Gate.The exhibits presented by Zhongbo include Shang and Zhou bronzes, cultural relics of the Han Dynasty, portraits of emperors and empresses of all dynasties, ethnic cultural relics of southwest and southern China, and famous paintings of India.Among them, the most eye-catching is the famous Simuwu Dafang Ding unearthed from Yin Ruins in Anyang.This tripod was unearthed by farmers near Xiaotun Village in Anyang during the Anti-Japanese War from an underground Shang Dynasty mausoleum, and later fell into the hands of Wang Zhonglian, commander-in-chief of the 31st Army of the Kuomintang in northern Henan. On Chiang Kai-shek’s 60th birthday in 1946 (empty year), Wang Zhonglian presented this tripod as a birthday gift, and Chiang transferred this gift to the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum for collection and safekeeping In the end, it was abandoned at the airport due to its large size and heavy weight).When the exhibition opened, Chiang Kai-shek was invited to attend the ceremony and visited the exhibits by the way.During the visit, Zeng Zhaoyu, as the general director of the Preparatory Office of China Expo and one of the hosts of the joint exhibition, gave a tour guide and explanation for Chiang Kai-shek and his party.Mrs. Jiang seemed very happy this time, and after watching with great interest, she led a group of staff to take a group photo with the person in charge of the organizer in the hall—this was the only official photo taken by Zeng Zhaoyu with Mr. Jiang in his life.But after the country changed hands and the regime changed, Zeng realized that the photo with "Chiang Kai-shek" was likely to be his anti-party and anti-people.Supporting the "criminal evidence" of the Jiang family dynasty, but it is impossible to completely destroy it, so they are terrified all day long, terrified and unable to sleep peacefully. 3. Not long after Zeng Zhaoyu became the director of the Nanjing Museum, he deeply felt the important position of Jiangsu and Zhejiang painters in the painting circle of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since the establishment of the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum, it has paid special attention to the collection of this aspect and has made great achievements.Just when New China was about to be established, about 30,000 pieces of first-class collections, including the world-famous "Portraits of Emperors and Empresses of Past Dynasties" and "Tang Minghuang Xingshu Picture", were transported to Taiwan by the Kuomintang, and there were very few left and the grade was low.The Nanjing Museum, which inherited the mantle of the Central Museum’s Preparatory Office in terms of orthodoxy, still has the name of collecting, researching, and exhibiting history and art. The focus must be to take the initiative to collect calligraphy and painting works from the society to enrich the collection and display.Under the guidance of this idea, since 1950, Zeng Zhaoyu led his colleagues to work hard for this purpose, and achieved extremely ideal results.In just ten years to 1960, Nanjing Museum collected more than 10,000 pieces of calligraphy and painting. Other works have been won, including many treasures such as Yan Ciping's "Four Seasons Herding Cows" and Xia Gui's "Baqiao Wind and Snow Picture".After being appraised by experts organized by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, its grade ranks third in the country, second only to the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Shanghai Museum. In the process of collecting calligraphy and painting, an unexpected episode appeared.Zheng Shanzun, then deputy director of the Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Bureau (according to the south: he had been to Yan'an and listened to Mao Zedong's speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art), had a relative named Pang Zenghe. Pang was a well-known collector at home and abroad. The grandson of (Xu Zhai), inherited a large number of calligraphy and painting relics left by the family in Suzhou.Out of patriotic enthusiasm, Zheng mobilized Ponzi to donate these precious cultural relics left by his ancestors to Nanjing Museum after obtaining the consent of the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee.Impressed by this, Pang specially selected 137 representative works from Song to Qing Dynasties, such as Song Huizong Zhao Ji's "Robofish Picture", Huang Gongwang's "Fuchun Daling Picture", Wu Zhen's "Songquan Picture", Ni Yunlin's "Cong Huang Bamboo and Stone Picture" and other national treasures were donated to Nanjing Museum.The collection of "Xu Zhai" paintings donated by Pang Zenghe, just as cultural relics expert Zhao Qibin said: "No matter in terms of academic significance or value of cultural relics, it is really extraordinary. This collection has played a huge role in supporting the academic research of Nanjing Museum. It has also made a special contribution to the academic prosperity of Nanjing Museum." Despite such great value and significance, Pang Zenghe did not seek any profit, and took the initiative to decline the two thousand yuan that Nanjing Museum should have rewarded himself. cash.Zeng Zhaoyu, who presided over the reception of these paintings and calligraphy, felt deeply sorry for Ponzi's righteous deed, so he used the money to treat Pang Zenghe with a high standard, that is, he had a delicious meal at a famous restaurant in Nanjing, and then He also celebrated the death birthday of the late collector Pang Xuzhai, and engraved an inkstone as a gift to Pang's family as a souvenir.When the political movement came, some people mentioned this matter, thinking that Zeng Zhaoyu ate and drank too much and practiced decadent bourgeois superstitions. Zeng could not explain this matter clearly, and his inner pain further aggravated. 4. In 1964, Mao Zedong clearly proposed the "Five Antis" in the cities and the "Four Cleansings" in the countryside, and dispatched work teams to various places. Originally, this movement had nothing to do with Zeng Zhaoyu, who was clean and self-conscious and cared for his feathers all his life, but it touched her heart.The source of the disease is: In 1954, Zeng Zhaoyu presided over the excavation of the portrait stone tomb in Yinan, Shandong, and established friendship with the cultural relics experts Tai Liye and Jiang Baogeng sent by the Shandong Museum to assist.Jiang and Tai are young and energetic, and often tease them at work.Tai Liye, who is ignorant of world affairs, calls himself "Taiwan with the surname of Taiwan", while Jiang Baogeng calls himself "Chiang with the surname of Chiang Kai-shek".When the "anti-rightist" storm came, Taiwan and Jiang were labeled as rightists by the filial sons and grandsons of the "Taiwan Lao Jiang" who are the public enemies of the people.Because the surname of "Lao Jiang" is much more famous than the place name of "Taiwan", and the crime is much more serious, Taiwan Liye is still under the supervision and reform of the masses in the museum, while Jiang Baogeng is labeled as "extreme right", suspended without pay, and sent to a The remote rural labor reform, all the family members go.Not long after, the "three-year natural disaster" that made people talk about it came, Jiang Baogeng's family fell into a difficult life, and the whole family almost starved to death.In desperation, Jiang Baogeng secretly wrote a letter to Zeng Zhaoyu for help.Faced with the comrades of the past and the "reactionaries" of today, Zeng Zhaoyu thought for a long time, and finally risked great political risks and anonymously mailed 30 yuan to the troubled "Old Chiang". Being kind and caring is a kind of virtue and noble character of Chinese women educated by tutors, but under the political storm of class struggle at that time, it was a great risky action.Although "Lao Jiang" knew it well and didn't say a word, and there was no news about the Nanjing Museum in the past few years, Zeng Zhaoyu was always worried. When the "Four Cleansing" movement came, Zeng's heart beat.Because the two sides could not communicate and communicate with each other to clarify this matter, Zeng knew nothing about the situation of "Lao Jiang", which added a bit of mystery and terror.If this straightforward and big-mouthed "Old Jiang" couldn't hold back, or suddenly raised his political consciousness during the labor reform, decided to "rebel against the water" and make meritorious deeds, and brought out the old story of 30 yuan, Zeng Zhaoyu would undoubtedly be the one who got burned and stood up. The consequences for reactionaries who are on the opposite side of the party and the people are unimaginable. 5. Closely connected with the "Four Cleans-ups" are the "Five Antis" aimed at cities. One of the key points is to classify the cities. Jiangsu is a pilot province determined by the central government, which has a great relationship.Zeng Zhaoyu is well aware of his family background, and no matter how he expresses himself or disregards it, the "five evils" are inextricably linked to him.And just at this time, "someone has already begun to liquidate her responsibility for the cultural relics that were transported to the south of Taiwan."Therefore, not long after the "five evils" in Jiangsu Province started, Zeng Zhaoyu felt that the end was approaching, and he was very nervous until he completely collapsed.When she heard the news that she was elected as a representative of the National People's Congress, she was not relieved, but the pressure increased, thinking that she was full of filth and muddy water physically and mentally, and was not worthy of being a "people's representative."At that time, Liang Baiquan was ordered to visit Zeng Zhaoyu once a week in the Dingshan Sanatorium and bring relevant information with him.Liang Baiquan saw, "At this time, she has a blank face and dull eyes, and she has no intention of going to Beijing for a meeting."In deep self-blame and fear, Zeng Zhaoyu, who was in extreme pain, finally decided to stay away from the three thousand great worlds, and go west alone. Zeng Zhaoyu jumped on the Linggu Pagoda, which reminded people of the self-sinking of Wang Guowei's Summer Palace, the sad last words of "fifty years, only one death is owed", and Chen Yinke's "when a kind of cultural value declines, Therefore, people who have been transformed by this culture must feel pain...it is not because of the incisive and grand theory that suicide is impossible to seek peace of mind, but it also makes people think of Qu Yuan's sinking in the Miluo River.Previously, in the epitaph written by Zeng for his teacher Hu Xiaoshi, he specifically pointed out the three fields that he devoted himself to the most in his life, namely, the study of ancient characters, calligraphy and the study of Chu Ci. aspect.For Zeng Zhaoyu, who was born in Chu, the study of Chu Ci had a special feeling. The old mother of the Zeng family taught all seven children including her and Zeng Zhaoluan to read Qu Yuan's works. Zeng Zhaoyu later wrote The nine poems of "Reading Songs of Chu" are like "sorry for my lack of joy in life, and I live alone in the mountains. I can't change my mind to follow the vulgar, and I will end up in poverty."Qu Yuan could not change his mind and follow the common customs, but Zeng Zhaoyu two thousand years later could, and so could Chen Fangke, a descendant of a family who lived in Nanjing in his later years and had contacts with the Zeng family.For example, Chen Fangke once said, "One cannot be vulgar, but one must also follow the vulgar." The "vulgarity" Chen refers to can be regarded as social atmosphere and political situation.In his teenage years, Chen Fangke, a playboy who spent all his time wandering around in cosmetics, was quite different from his elder brother Chen Yinke in terms of temperament and handling of affairs.After the founding of New China, Chen Fangke underwent constant "spiritual bathing", and his thoughts suddenly changed overnight. One of Chen's colleagues later said: Chen Fangke "can handle literature and history manuscripts in the editorial department of periodicals led by the party, and he can communicate with comrades in the party." Get along well with each other, and never talk. Studying current affairs, a few words and a few words, are quite essential. It is really "to treat thousands of guests every day, not to make a taboo". The huge difference between people really makes people have nine sons from a dragon, and each one is different." Zeng Zhaoyu basically followed the same path after taking a "bath". She was quite respected in the academic circles in Nanjing at that time.Because she has never been married and lives alone in the museum, she rarely cares about outside world affairs, and is very dedicated to her work, devoting almost all her energy to her work.In the early 1950s, there was a photo of Cai Yuanpei and a rubbing of Maogong Ding hanging beside her desk. Cai Yuanpei was her spiritual leader, and the rubbing of Maogong Ding was the symbol of her pursuit of career and the whole content of her ideal life.With the continuous deepening of ideological "bath" and the surge of various movements, Cai Yuanpei's portrait has become an agent of the bourgeoisie, and figures such as the dwarf Chouba who is in the same rank as Hu Shi were quietly torn down and destroyed by her, and replaced by the great leader Mao Zedong. A huge portrait of the chairman waving his arms guides her spiritual course.In this series of endless reforms and "three provinces a day", Zeng's spirit is always in a state of high tension. Once there is a little negligence or mistake, he will be heartbroken and unable to control himself, eventually leading to schizophrenia and depression. She collapsed until, like her predecessor Zeng Guofan's desperate lament of "exhausted, but quick death" in his later years, he sought relief by seeking a quick death. ——This is the main context of the death of a generation of outstanding female archaeologists, museologists, and paleographers. Of course, history is complicated, and many secrets are often buried in the depths of history and ignored by people, except that Zeng Zhaoyu felt deeply guilty under the new regime due to his family relationship and personal thoughts, and was rejected in multiple waves of political movements. There is another crux of the panic and panic caused by being forced to dance and spin on the blade, which is Zeng Zhaoyu's loneliness, arrogance, solitary anger and honest and staunch character dormant deep in his heart. It is related to the blood flowing in the veins of Hunan people, and it is also related to her long-term celibacy, which is commonly called "old girl syndrome".Regarding this point, Chen Jing, a museologist who knew Zeng, asked Wang Shixiang and Luo Zhewen, who were in Lizhuang during the Anti-Japanese War, about their impressions of Zeng Zhaoyu. Luo said, "She was very knowledgeable and modest. She cared about me very much, taught me foreign languages, and tutored me in work. She has a strong self-esteem, if you treat her well, she will treat you very well, and if you treat her badly, she will be unhappy."However, Wang Shixiang’s evaluation is different from Luo’s. Wang said: “It was common in Li Zhuang. The husband is working and looks very arrogant. He also often goes to the construction institute, but he doesn’t have much contact with him.” From the above memories, we can see that Zeng Zhaoyu disdain Wang Shi, a bumpkin scholar who graduated from Yanda University, and that Wang Shixiang did not take this "sea turtle" female scholar too seriously.Literati have been disrespectful to each other since ancient times, so some people publicly criticized Zeng's staunch personality, saying that she was "aloof, serious, not easy to get close to, and had no affinity".In this regard, Xu Fuchao, a classmate of Zeng Xianluo who was mentored by Zeng Zhaoyu in the early years, said: "Mr. It is very likely that it cannot be explained or put away. This is due to the character of the gentleman, and it is also a shortcoming that is difficult for a sage." Xu's evaluation should be fair.Perhaps it was this kind of character that led to the occasional scene before her death.Once, Zeng Zhaoyu, as a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, participated in a discussion and retreat organized by the province for democratic parties.At the meeting, everyone echoed the host's statement: "The situation is not a small one, but a great one." After whispering to each other, Zeng Zhaoyu suddenly stood up and said loudly: "I think you are all courtiers!" Everyone was shocked and immediately fell silent.After he regained his composure, they counterattacked and asked Zeng sharply: "Why are we courtiers?" Zeng Zhaoyu seemed to feel that he was too excited, and knew that this move had poked a hornet's nest, so he turned and left the venue.This seemingly accidental event, in addition to Zeng's unconvinced dislike of those in power and flatterers implicit in her bones, is also the outpouring and outburst of her true feelings after long-term mental depression. Perhaps, from this time on, Zeng Zhaoyu began to reflect on her life journey and the gains and losses of her own choices when the country changed hands.Because the diary of this period has been hidden in the family of Zeng’s descendants and has not been published, the evolution of thoughts and specific words are unknown, but one detail that deserves special attention can be found from Zeng’s own articles, that is, she committed suicide. I once wrote a drama review of "Let me also talk about the ending of "Peach Blossom Fan"".In this comment, Zeng Zhaoyi said that Kong Shangren's praise and criticism of the characters in the play, especially the two protagonists Hou Chaozong and Li Xiangjun, were in line with historical facts and appropriate.However, after Ouyang Yuqian changed this play to a drama, the characters’ images were distorted. Especially at the end, Hou Chaozong went to the Qing Dynasty’s rural examination and won the secondary ranking. Li Xiangjun spurned the scene, which is very different from Kong’s original play and outrageous. too far.In this regard, Zeng Zhaoyu pointed out bluntly: When you see Hou Chaozong appearing in Qing Dynasty clothes at the end of the play, that despicable appearance always makes people feel uncomfortable. I feel that Hou Chaozong has been wronged, or even a kind of personality insult.According to Zeng Zhaoyu's grasp of historical facts, backgrounds and identities of the characters, Hou Chaozong was forced to take the provincial examination after entering the Qing Dynasty. The rhetoric is only to put forward opinions and suggestions on some political and economic issues at that time, but it is quite straightforward to criticize the aristocratic bureaucrats for using power and perverting the law after Emperor Shunzhi entered the customs.In the face of Hou's trial strategy and other materials left over, Zeng Zhaoyu thought: "The meaning of pushing Hou is that the Manchus ruled China at this time. It is a foregone conclusion. If the politics are clearer, the common people will suffer less. As for myself, I have no intention of fame and fame, and whether I am in the middle or not is irrelevant. Of course, if Hou Chaozong was so high that day, it is very likely that he will devote himself to official career from now on, regardless of his reputation. But His blunt words offended the people concerned. So he was given a sub-list to damage his reputation. Hou Chaozong felt even more painful when he was insulted by this, and soon ran to the south." He also said: "Hou Chaozong Taking the exam is not out of the original intention. After taking the exam, I feel pain in my heart and die after three years, which is different from those who are willing to surrender to the enemy. At the end of the play, Kong Shangren wrote Zaoli's visit to the mountains and forests, secretly pointing out some reclusive people at that time. In his heart, Hou Chaozong belonged to this category. As for using Zaoli's mouth to say, "Those literati and celebrities are all heroes who understand current affairs, and they have all left the mountain three years ago." The most important ones are Qian Muzhai and his ilk, Hou Chaozong is not among them." Zeng Zhaoyu rarely writes drama reviews, and this is the only one I have found so far, which shows that she did it on purpose.When describing the tragic ending of Hou Chaozong's "coming out of the mountain" due to inner pain and helplessness, and finally died of anger, did Zeng Zhaoyu think of his own destiny?Reflecting the helplessness of being forced to "go out of the mountains" in the new era of dynasty change?In the drama review, Hou Chaozong's words and deeds are completely separated from Qian Muzhai (Qian Yi) who is willing to surrender. Is it a self-promotion and evaluation of oneself?Or at this time, Zeng Zhaoyu had already expected that when she sank into the Nine Springs, future generations would misunderstand or distort her true inner world, words and deeds, and deliberately pulled Hou Chaozong out to show that she could not be treated by outsiders? - This is a metaphor.Perhaps the password of Zeng Zhaoyu's abrupt end in the middle of his life is hidden in the gap of history, which is an inadvertent accidental revelation. When Zeng Zhaoyu's blood was splashed on Linggu Temple, it is said that the "organization" had approved her application for joining the party, but she had not been notified in the future.Yao Qian, vice president of Nanjing Museum, reported the news of Zeng's death to the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government, because there were too many suicides in China at that time, especially among intellectuals.每有人“自杀”，便被认为是对革命的背叛，是自绝于党和人民的一种“罪恶”，而曾昭燏又恰恰是在安葬国民党抗战阵亡将士与蒋介石题字的灵谷塔绝命，无疑有蒋介石经常提及的“一死报党国”的况味，自是一种超级罪过。因了这种种只可意会不可言说的理由，江苏省党、政高层决定对曾昭燏之死秘而不宣，不准家属到现场和火葬场看尸体，并给南京博物院下达了三条指示：一、不发讣告；二、不开追悼会；三、以家属的名义料理丧事。在省委统战部部长亲自坐镇指挥、调度下，南京博物院采取从速、从俭和“打枪的不要，悄悄地进坟墓”的方式，将曾氏的遗体秘密收殓于一个木质薄棺中，于一个夜色朦胧、星光惨淡的黎明悄然无声地运出城外，于牛首山脚下一个人迹罕至的角落匆匆挖坑掩埋——中国考古文物界一代女杰就此长眠于荒草野坟之中。 曾昭燏之死，如一盏残灯熄灭，如此迅捷又悄无声息，令他的同事、亲朋故旧惊愕不已，一种人生无常的感慨油然而生。事隔近两个月的1965年2月14日（旧历正月十三日），远在中山大学的陈寅恪从曾氏后人信中得知这一噩耗，于惊愕中悲不自胜，当场流下了热泪，遂强撑年迈体衰的残躯，作诗一首，以示敬挽。在这首《乙巳元夕前二日始闻南京博物院院长曾昭燏君逝世于灵谷寺追挽一律》中，已是76岁高龄、双目全瞽的陈寅恪，深情地追忆了两家三世之交的情谊，对曾昭燏的独身生活、高才短命发出了忧愤哀苦的悲鸣： 论交三世旧通家，初见长安岁月赊。 何待济尼知道韫，未闻徐女配秦嘉。 高才短命人谁惜，白璧青蝇事可嗟。 灵谷烦冤应夜哭，天阴雨湿隔天涯。 因曾昭燏的自杀在当局看来是属于政治抗议和对党不满的表现，当局对此草草埋葬不作声张，曾氏的亲朋故旧自是不敢触怒天颜，自入牢笼，只能仿效曾国藩当年奉行“打掉牙，和血吞”的处事哲学，默默哀悼。此时陈寅恪已被划为“中右”分子，受到革命队伍的监控，时刻有被打翻在地的危险，因而诗成之后不敢公开，特别在附言中交代：“请转交向觉明先生一览，聊表哀思，但不可传播也。”从后来辗转流传的诗稿看，此诗不止一个版本，或许是陈寅恪怕被当局抄没销毁而特别匿留。另一稿后四句为： 多才短命人咸惜，一念轻生事可嗟。 灵谷年年薰宝级，更应流恨到天涯。 对曾昭燏的死，陈寅恪不能在诗中明言自杀，只能隐晦地以“逝世于灵谷寺”表白，并特别注明“不可传播”，可见当时政治高压和陈氏小心慎谨。附言中转交的向觉明，即向达，时任北京大学历史系教授兼图书馆馆长。陈、曾二人皆与向达友善。1942年9月至1943年5月，向达以敦煌专家的身份参加了中央研究院组织的西北史地考察团，出任考古组组长，与副组长夏鼐及弟子阎文儒，前往敦煌及周边长城、烽燧考察。其间，向达与时任中央博物院筹备处总干事的曾昭燏通信达29封，信中详细介绍了沿途见闻和考察经过，以及经斯坦因等帝国主义分子劫掠和破坏后敦煌的惨状。这部分书信在曾昭燏去世十五年后被发现，并由南京师范大学于1980年刊布。通观向、曾通信内容，可见二人交情笃厚纯美，言辞礼数堪称由士大夫脱颖转变为自由知识分子这一新兴阶层交往的典范。正是缘于这样一种肝胆相照、心底皎洁的深情大爱，陈寅恪才敢冒政治风险由岭南寄喻远在北京的向达，以示共同缅怀悼念。 陈诗中的前两句，指陈家与曾氏家族自曾国藩与陈宝箴一辈起，已有三世之交。“长安”意指国民党首都南京。“初见长安”，当指陈寅恪与曾昭燏相识于南京。“岁月赊”，意指二人相识已经很久。三、四句，当是以东晋女诗人、著名才女谢道韫比拟曾氏，并以谢道韫与徐淑、秦嘉之典，指曾昭燏虽有忠贞之情却终身未婚的身世。五、六句借陈子昂《宴胡楚真禁听》“青蝇一相点，白璧遂成冤”句，喻指谗言陷害无辜，以及曾昭燏因家庭和政治受诬陷而蒙冤酿成悲剧。最末二句前后稿不同，后稿中的“灵谷年年薰宝级”，一般解释指佛教殿堂建筑。钱谦益《长干偕介邱道人守岁》有：“头白黄门熏宝级，香炉曾捧玉皇西”句，疑陈氏此处“薰宝级”乃借钱诗用辞。但据南京博物院考古学家陆建芳释解：此句首先要追述曾昭燏的身世，曾氏之所以终身未婚，除了家庭文化熏染，更多的是与西方教会学校背景有关，此有与曾昭燏本家曾宝荪、曾昭懿，以及金陵大学的吴贻芳和岭南大学的冼玉清等一代才女和社会名流为证。这种独特的身世，使之思想观念自然地倾向于宗教，并受宗教的感染与不同程度的教化。“宝级”应是指佛门修炼的一种境界，也就是六道轮回和十法界中的最高境界。佛教中的六道轮回与十法界说，即预知和测定人死后生命灵体的归宿及飘向何方的命题。按佛教中六道的能量级划分：一级能量以下的生命灵体要向下堕，堕入地狱道；二级生命能量灵体，下堕为鬼道；二级以上至三级的生命能量灵体进入畜生道；三级以上至四级的生命能量体进入人道；五级以上、六级的生命灵体上升为天人道；七级能量的生命灵体进入罗汉法界；八级生命能量体进入菩萨法界；九级能量的生命体入九地菩萨位，即进入佛法界最高的“宝级”，从而成佛得道。 作为受东方儒家文化浸淫并有西方教会学校背景，同时又对佛学教义颇为倾心并有一定研究的曾昭燏，对于生命的终结，一定经过了较长时间的思考和内心搏斗，最后去意已决，便从容自若，心如止水，这从她死亡前的言行中便见得清楚，其间的过程自是与宗教信仰有着千丝万缕的联系。曾氏将生命的终点选定在灵谷寺，理由自是多多，比如此处较其他佛门寺院更加神秘幽邃，弥漫着灵异浓郁的神佛气氛，但其主要的缘由可能还在于灵谷寺由废墟中重新兴起，与曾国藩有着密不可分的关系。在曾昭燏的心中，此处乃是镌刻着曾氏家族施以恩德，佛家香火得以延续，佛家教义得以兴行的具有明显历史印痕的神圣之地，这个神圣之地就是曾氏家族光荣与梦想的一个组成部分。曾昭燏因了这份光荣与梦想而来，更是为了心中的宗教理想而选择灵谷塔而去。曾氏之所以从灵骨塔的第七层，而不是最高的第九层跳下，按陆建芳的说法，其内在原因就是曾昭燏认为自己的精神修炼尚未达到佛家所说的最高境界，故从七层飘然而下，进入心中的佛国净土与佛家所说的罗汉法界。自此，便是“天阴雨湿隔天涯”，灵魂飞升，世间万物不复见矣。 继陈寅恪的哀鸣与叹息，隐住于武汉大学校园的沈祖棻闻曾氏死讯，有《屡得故人书问，因念子雍、淑娟之逝，悲不自胜》六首，前三首是悼念曾昭燏的诗文，其中有“犹记芸窗共一编，几回风雨对床眠”句。子雍即曾昭燏表字，沈、曾二人早年在中央大学和金陵大学读书时相识相知，并与杭淑娟、游寿、尉素秋、章伯瑶、徐品玉、张丕环、胡元度、龙芷芳等同学在中大校内六朝松下“梅庵”结成词社，名为“梅社”，吟诗唱和，度过了一段快乐时光。当年同学情深谊厚，如今人世两隔，沈诗格调分外哀惋凄凉，读之令人泪下。1974年，沈氏再作《岁暮怀人四十二首》，其中一首为缅怀故人曾昭燏而作： 湖边携手诗成诵，座上论心酒满觞。 肠断当年灵谷寺，崔巍孤塔对残阳。 沈祖棻夫婿、当年金陵大学的同窗程千帆为沈诗笺释云： 子雍长南京博物院，位高心寂，鲜友朋之乐，无室家之好，幽忧憔悴，遽以一九六四年十二月二十二日坠灵谷寺塔，享年仅五十有五。伤哉！