Chapter 27 Section Four: The Death of Tao Menghe

On February 27, 1957, one year and eleven months after Lin Huiyin's death, Mao Zedong delivered an important speech on "Correctly Handling the Issue of the People's Internal Shield" at the Eleventh Enlarged Meeting of the Supreme State Council.Comprehensively analyzed the contradictions of socialist society, and proposed to implement "long-term coexistence and mutual supervision" in the relationship between the Communist Party and democratic parties, and to implement the "double hundred" policy of "letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend" in scientific and cultural work.The appeal of the great man brought the "Speaking Greatly" to a climax two months later.

On April 27, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on the Rectification Movement" and decided to carry out a rectification movement in the whole party with the theme of correctly handling the contradictions among the people and the content of opposing bureaucracy, sectarianism and subjectivism.Since then, the whole party rectification movement has been gradually launched.At the same time, "a very small number of bourgeois rightists took the opportunity to advocate the so-called 'speaking loudly' and attacking the leadership of the Communist Party and the socialist system."

On May 15, Mao Zedong's article "Things Are Changing" was issued internally, and since then it has opened the prelude to the famous "anti-rightist movement" in modern Chinese history.With a sharp sword hanging over their heads, many people have already entered the opened net, but at this time most of those who have entered the net are still in the dark and unaware, still continuing their dream of blowing.For this reason, Mao Zedong pointed out to the party cadres: "In the democratic parties and colleges and universities, the rightists are the most resolute and rampant. We will let them rampant for a period of time, let them reach the peak" and then deal with it. "Or to put it another way: to lure the enemy deep, to gather and annihilate them...the rightists have two ways out. One is to clamp their tails and correct the evil and return to the right. The other is to continue to mess around and kill themselves."

On June 8, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Organizing Forces to Prepare to Counter the Attacks of Rightists".He pointed out: "This is a big war (the battlefield is both inside the party and outside the party). Without winning this battle, socialism cannot be built, and there is some danger of the 'Hungarian incident'." On the same day, "People's Daily" published an article titled "Why? "editorial.Since then, the nationwide large-scale "anti-rightist" storm began, and the most tragic impact on history is that hundreds of thousands of intellectual elites were wiped out in one sweep, creating a precedent for modern Chinese political movements to turn hands into clouds and turn hands into rain. "In the subsequent series of political struggles and the ups and downs of a series of political figures, people can see the political changes in the 'anti-rightist struggle' with no rules of the game. This is a history that still makes future generations shudder."

In this period of history, the characterization of the "Zhang Luo Alliance" was the first to bear the brunt, followed by the famous "Six Professors Incident" that moved the ruling and opposition parties.According to Tong Dizhou’s recollection: “During the anti-rightist struggle in 1957, there was a ‘Zhangluo Alliance’. In the past, there was a conflict between the Ministry of Higher Education and the Academy of Sciences. After I arrived in Beijing, this contradiction has become acute. After the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, many people thought The Academy of Sciences came to work. The higher education system proposed to abolish the Academy of Sciences, and the Academy of Sciences should be distributed to various universities. At that time, the Democratic League proposed to establish a Science System Committee. The Science System Committee of the Democratic League included me, Qian Weichang and others. Shen Junru held a meeting and The central idea of ​​my speech at the meeting was that the Academy of Sciences cannot be canceled. My speech was published in the magazine "Contendance" at that time." He also said: "Later, Chairman Mao convened a meeting between the Ministry of Higher Education (Yang Xiufeng and others) and the Academy of Sciences (Zhang Jinfu, Guo Moruo) , Wu Youxun, Yan Jici, me, Fan Changjiang, Yu Guangyuan, Hu Qiaomu, etc.). It was held in Chairman Mao’s office, and everyone expressed their opinions. My opinion at the time was that both should exist and cooperate with each other. After everyone spoke, Chairman Mao said: 'I'll draw a 38th line for you, all of them must exist, don't pull the rope any more.'”

After Tong Dizhou and his wife Ye Yufen left Lizhuang, they went to Fudan University in Chongqing in exile. When they were demobilized after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, they came to Shandong University where he taught in his early years. Elected as an academician of Academia Sinica, he is also the only academician from Shandong University, Fudan University, and Tongji University. In 1956, Tong Dizhou was transferred to the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the deputy director of the Department of Biology, and concurrently served as a member of the Central Standing Committee of the Democratic League.The meeting he said was held in Chairman Mao's office was attended as an important member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.After the meeting, according to Tong Dizhou: "Because I knew the situation well, I didn't go to the 'institutional issues' meeting of the Democratic League. Once I came back from a meeting in the city and passed by the Central Committee of the Democratic League. I went in and saw that Hua Luogeng, Zeng Zhao Lun, Qian Jiaju, etc. were discussing 'institutional issues' and ordered several articles. I went there for about an hour and left without participating in the discussion. Later, these articles became the so-called 'reactionary science guidelines' and were published in Guangming Daily On the top, the names of the five of us were listed on the bottom. Ye Yufen asked me to make a statement quickly, and I had already gone to Qingdao at that time, and then Hua Luogeng called me to make a statement, so we jointly issued a statement."

The “institutional issues” mentioned by Tong Dizhou were decided by the Central Committee of the Democratic League. Zeng Zhaolun, then Vice Minister of Higher Education and a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Democratic League, and Huang Yaomian, one of the leaders of the Democratic League, were respectively responsible for convening two groups to draft "Several Opinions on my country's Science System Issues" and "Our Suggestions on the Leadership System of Colleges and Universities (Draft Draft)" two documents.The document puts forward constructive suggestions on issues such as conservation science, the division of labor between the Academy of Sciences and universities, and research institutions in business departments.What they never expected was that as soon as the "Opinion" was published in "Guangming Daily" on June 9, 1957, the ferocious "anti-rightist" struggle came. " line and the "iron proof" of the "anti-Party and anti-socialist scientific program".Six key personnel who participated in the drafting of the document, including professors Zeng Zhaolun, Huang Yaomian, Fei Xiaotong, Tao Dayong, Qian Weichang, and Wu Jingchao, were immediately branded as rightists, dismissed from their posts for investigation, exiled into the army, or sent to frontier farms for labor reform , All of a sudden, all sectors of society were like wildfires ignited in spring, setting off a large-scale encirclement, suppression and criticism of the "six reactionary professors".Because Tong Dizhou and Hua Luogeng had already smelled the ominous smell that the fuse was burning in the dark, they were alerted and issued a statement in a timely manner under the guidance of an expert, and their fortunes began to improve.

On June 26, "People's Daily" published a joint speech by Hua Luogeng, Qian Jiaju, and Tong Dizhou at the National People's Congress, arguing that the "Opinions" emphasized that the social sciences of the bourgeoisie should be emphasized in cultivating opportunities among the people. Opinions such as treating people equally and protecting scientists do not conform to the facts. On July 14, the "People's Daily" published Hua Luogeng's review paper "I Will Use This Incident as a Lesson", criticizing himself for disapproving of the view that "a layman leads an expert", saying: "The party can lead science, Able to lead education and lead intellectuals." Because of this series of self-criticisms, and Zhou Enlai's timely assistance and protection, Tong Dizhou and Hua Luogeng were lucky enough to slip through the net and have not been arrested for the time being. The other "six professors" were wiped out.

In mid-July 1957, the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences held a massive meeting at the Beijing Hotel to criticize Zeng Zhaolun and other six professors' "Anti-Party and Anti-Socialist Scientific Program".More than 100 experts and scholars attended the meeting.The meeting lasted for five consecutive days, and the main leaders of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and all the minions spoke one after another, "angry denouncing" Zeng Zhaolun and other rightists.The meeting held that "the 'several opinions' of the Central Scientific Planning Temporary Group of the Democratic League are actually an anti-socialist bourgeois program in scientific work" and that "rightists are trying to seize the leadership of the country, first of all cultural and educational work. Part of the conspiracy of leadership." Amidst the yelling of the crowd in unison, suddenly, an old horse jumped out from the flock and neighed distinctively at the audience—this half-way horse The old horse that came out was the famous Tao Menghe.

On the eve of the collapse of the Kuomintang and its complete withdrawal from the mainland, Tao Menghe resolutely led his troops away from the headquarters of the Academia Sinica because of his alternative ideas different from the Kuomintang and his sympathy for the Communist Party. Dazhai, return to the new owner. On April 23, 1949, Tao Menghe attended the ceremony for the People's Liberation Army to occupy Nanjing with great excitement.The next day, Chen Yi, the commander of the Third Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, dressed in a gray military uniform and brought a guard, came to visit Tao Menghe in the office building of the Social Research Institute of the Academia Sinica. Since Tao did not know Chen's arrival in advance, of course I don't know Chen, but I went to the reception room to meet each other in long robes as usual, and I didn't know the identity of the other party until I said each other's names.According to Chen Yi, when he was studying at the Sino-French University in Peking in his early years, he read some articles published by Tao Menghe, and he was inspired and impressed.He did not say what articles he had read.On the eve of the People's Liberation Army's crossing of the river, Tao Menghe and several colleagues published a series of articles in newspapers, such as that the national treasure cannot be moved south to Taiwan, etc., which has been heard and appreciated by Commander Chen-this may be Tao Meng. and the desired effect.In this meeting, Tao Menghe's different ideas from Fu Sinian's and other people's congresses, as well as his willingness to work for the Communist Party, made Commander Chen Yi, who controls life and death, very satisfied.

On May 17 of the same year, the Cultural Society of the Nanjing Military Control Committee of the Chinese People's Liberation Army sent Zhao Zhuo to the head office of the Academia Sinica in Nanjing Beiji Pavilion to convene the Council of the Staff Association. Tao Menghe actively supported the request of the Military Control Committee.During the interval before the institutes of the Academia Sinica were taken over by the newly established Chinese Academy of Sciences, according to the arrangement of the Nanjing Military Control Commission, the Academic Affairs Committee of the Academia Sinica was established to maintain the daily work of the institutes in Nanjing. A total of 14 members were elected, Tao Meng and for the chairperson. In September, the first session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beijing. Tao Menghe attended the meeting as a "specially invited person" and was elected as a standing member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. On October 19, 1949, the third meeting of the newly established Central People's Government Committee formed the Chinese Academy of Sciences with Guo Moruo as the president and Chen Boda, Li Siguang, Tao Menghe, and Zhu Kezhen as the vice presidents.It is said that Dow was able to squeeze into the nascent Chinese Academy of Sciences and serve as a senior official. It is said that it was the result of Chen Yi's strong recommendation to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Tao Menghe's thoughts back then were finally not in vain. Under the historical situation of regime change, his political ideals came true. On November 1, the Chinese Academy of Sciences officially opened in Beijing, and later this day was the founding day of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The site of the hospital was initially borrowed from No. 10, Dongsi Ma Daren Hutong, and moved to No. 9 Wangfu Street on November 23; moved to No. 3 Wenjin Street on June 23, 1950; moved to the North Building of Friendship Hotel in the western suburbs in 1966; In March, it moved to No. 52 Sanlihe Road.At the beginning of the establishment of the academy, the Academy of Sciences consisted of three bureaus: the General Office, the Research Planning Bureau, the International Cooperation Bureau (Liaison Bureau), and the Publishing and Compilation Bureau. Tao, as the vice president, concurrently served as the director of the Publishing and Compilation Bureau. Coincidentally, No. 3 Wenjin Street, where the Chinese Academy of Sciences moved in in 1950, is the site of the former Social Research Institute and Jingsheng Biology Research Institute in the 1930s.Tao Menghe, who has become the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has his office in the same room where he was the former director of the Social Research Institute.Unexpectedly, in the ups and downs, gunpowder and gunfire, most of China has been circled, and people have returned to the starting point of their careers.There are mixed feelings about the new job in the old place, and Tao Menghe sighed endlessly.Although he is no longer as young and vigorous as he was back then, and he no longer hesitated to fight Ren Hongjun, the director-general of the China Foundation, over the issue of standing on his own mountain or belonging to the Liangshan Juyi Hall in Shuipo, but facing the gun in the old house, he obviously had a different feeling. The heightened chair, deep in my heart, is still sincerely grateful for the kindness of the new regime, and strives to make some contributions to the cause of scientific research.It was with such a great dream in mind that when New China was just founded, he and Zhu Kezhen, who was appointed as the vice president at the same time, returned to Nanjing, Shanghai and other places from Beijing. The power of the party and state officials mobilized and gathered the old ministries and scientific friends who had been scattered on the hills of various factions and wandering in the rivers and lakes to stay on the mainland and serve the new China.It was just beyond Tao Menghe's expectation that when he sat on the tall chair of the deputy dean and looked around, he suddenly found that the situation he was facing was not optimistic, and he was getting more and more embarrassing.In terms of the situation at the time, the position of vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was commensurate with his previous academic reputation and the efforts he had made to seize power for the Chinese Communist Party.But at this moment, at that moment, since the new regime has been established and is becoming more and more stable, Tao's academic value and the little career that he did in the past are not worth talking about.According to the memories of people from the Chinese Academy of Sciences who worked with Tao at that time: Tao Menghe was a liberal arts student. After liberation, he did not pursue liberal arts. He did not have much practical work in the Academy of Sciences (in charge of publishing and books), and he could not be called to the meeting. However, Tao Menghe was unhappy and his fatal blow was yet to come.When he took the vice-president chair of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Social Sciences he managed was still in Nanjing, which was regarded as Chiang Kai-shek's lair, and there were many inconveniences in work and life, so he was approved to move to Beijing at the end of 1952.At this time, sociology had already been rejected as a pseudoscience by the new regime and the new "geniuses". After arriving in Beijing, the institute was changed to an economic research institute with a very different academic nature and research direction, and the entire sociology major was dismissed. ruthlessly outlawed.Just as Tao’s subordinate Wu Baosan said, “By the end of 1952, it can be said that the Social Survey Institute and the Social Research Institute had completed their historical mission.”This social survey institute was founded by Tao Menghe under the pressure of various aspects, and was adapted and reorganized in the middle. It has been under the helm of Tao for 26 years through ups and downs. In this way, it disappeared silently like a wisp of light smoke.A well-known heavyweight scholar in the field of sociology finally fell into a sad situation where his academic achievements were ignored and he could not even keep his own major. The pain in his heart and the blow to his spirit can be imagined.What makes Tao Menghe even more distressed is that during the Anti-Japanese War, he and his colleagues traveled tens of thousands of miles, endured hardships, and spent eight years investigating and researching scientific reports with internationally accepted scientific calculation methods. Due to the complicated relationship between the party and the Japanese government, these research results turned into a pile of waste paper, which was discarded by the authorities and ignored.The final outcome is: the Chinese people won the eight-year arduous war of resistance against Japan, but both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party voluntarily gave up the war claims against the Japanese government on behalf of the parties they led. The economic loss has not been compensated for a penny. ——This was beyond the expectation of Tao Menghe and the staff of the Institute of Sociology during the Li Zhuang period, and it was also beyond the expectation of ordinary Chinese people.What's even more incredible is that decades later, in 2004, an old man picking up garbage found a sack of documents in a discarded ruin somewhere in Beijing. Experts such as Li Xuetong from the Institute of Modern Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences identified that it was the Taoist document. The survey report on China's losses during the Anti-Japanese War written by Meng He and others during the period of Li Zhuang.And how to deal with this pile of "waste" is still ignored. Now that the Institute of Social Sciences has ceased to exist, Tao Menghe's part-time director also naturally disappeared. He became a polished deputy commander who was suspended in the air, and his life in his later years also embarked on another towering period. Clouds, swaying, and ethereal ladders.Flying in the clouds and fog, he was physically and mentally exhausted, and his spirit was about to collapse, and he once again uttered the cry that "dreams are the most dangerous thing for human beings".Although his cry was a bit hoarse, no one was willing to look back and listen to it. The embarrassing situation can be seen from the memories of Zhang Jiafu, the party secretary and vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Zhang said: "When we were working in the Academy of Sciences, we got along very well. , Major matters of the Academy of Sciences, Mr. Guo, Mr. Li, Mr. Zhu, Mr. Fan (Comrade Fan Wenlan) and I all exchanged opinions in advance, unified our thinking, and then submitted them to the academy’s executive meeting for approval.” Among the several big men of the Academy of Sciences mentioned by Zhang, Mr. Tao Meng was the only one who didn't. Of course, this was not the author's negligence.Since Tao Menghe was still sitting on the vice-president's shaky but not completely overturned chair, the procedure of "exchanging opinions in advance" should also have his seat according to the regulations of the court, but it is a pity that Tao Menghe And indeed there are no "seats" anymore.An old science and technology cadre of the Chinese Academy of Sciences later had a similar memory: Guo Moruo had the title of vice-premier and was busy with many things and contacts, so it was difficult for him to take care of the Academy of Sciences.After Zhang Jiafu was transferred due to illness in 1956, Mrs. Zhang Jin, who was a letter difference from him, took charge of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. From 1956 to 1967, Zhang Jinfu actually led the Academy of Sciences and became the de facto leader.Both Chen Boda and Li Siguang were busy outside the Academy of Sciences, and the vice-presidents were Zhu Kezhen and Wu Youxun (according to the South: they became vice-presidents in December 1950).The veteran science and technology cadre also said that the vice president of the Academy of Sciences usually does not hold great power, but the party group of the Academy of Sciences.If the party secretary is willing, he can give some authority to the dean of scientists and the vice dean.If anyone now thinks that the vice president at that time was in the decision-making circle, they are mistaken.In fact, members of Zhang Jinfu's party group include Pei Lisheng, Du Runsheng, Qin Lisheng, Xie Xinhe, Wu Heng, Yu Wen and others. At this time, Tao Menghe was obviously kicked out of the circle, becoming a dispensable shadow hanging in the air.Times have changed, and Dow, who has lost his territory and people, knows that the era of re-climbing Juyi Hall or Zhongyi Hall in Liangshan is gone forever, so he had to bury his gray head in the library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (South Press: Tao and the librarian) looking for a little spiritual comfort in piles of old papers.But comfort is not so easy to find, and sometimes not only cannot find comfort, but it brings greater distress and even humiliation.Zhao Lisheng, who once worked in the Compilation Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, had the following memories of Dow's experience: Guo Moruo, I have always liked his articles since childhood.When I was in junior high school, I read his collection of love letters, "Your watering leaves floating on the passing water", and I often recited it.I also read his short story "The Tomb of Yeloti", which is a story about "Sister-in-law Robbery".I also read his translations, and I can always recite the first few sentences, "One day in late autumn evening, an old man was well-dressed and walked slowly down the city"... All this shows that I didn't have any dislike for him at first. The antipathy came after I entered the Academy of Sciences.I am the leader of the Dean's Associate Dean's study group. ... I saw him slapping the table to reprimand Wu Youxun and Tao Menghe.Wu had a fiery temper and refused to accept it, jumping up and arguing with him; Tao Zean endured this humiliation peacefully, in a very miserable state.Yu Liqun was not a member of the Academy of Sciences at the time, but he also moved a chair and sat behind Mr. Guo to chime in and make irresponsible remarks. I couldn't bear it anymore, so I wrote a letter to the "People's Daily" which was located in the west of Nantou Road, Wangfujing Street at that time, saying that there was a situation to report, and they called me and asked me to come to the newspaper office at 7 o'clock in the evening.I went, and there were no tape recorders back then.There are four or five typewriters around me, typing away.But what surprised me the most was that a month later, I received a reply letter...the first paragraph was in the tone of "entertainment"...the latter paragraph was powerful, "but" (a "proviso", Mao Zedong was almost I have explained the important role of the "proviso" once) and said that Chairman Mao taught that if we treat comrades with a hostile attitude, then our own position will unknowingly stand on the side of the enemy. "For Your Information".Good guy!Doesn't this mean that whoever gives advice to Guo Moruo is a counter-revolutionary? Because Zhao Lisheng expressed dissatisfaction with Guo Moruo's domineering style, he was quickly kicked out of the circle by those in power and went to find another way to make a living.At this time, although Tao Menghe was politically lost, humiliated in personality, sad and resentful in his heart, he was almost as sad as Qu Yuan, wandering in mountains and rivers, experiencing land and land, and lamenting the misery of Haotian.However, as an intellectual who is determined to serve the country with science, out of cultural conscience and social responsibility, he still has Qu Yuan's compassionate feelings of "thinking about the king and country, and worrying about nothing". After 1951, Tao Menghe was very anxious about the series of "intellectual reform movements" that arose in China, and the situation of academic research after the movements was still at a loss. He often brought out some dissatisfaction in his speech, and finally broke out his worries and resentment come out.When the large-scale conference was held to criticize the "anti-Party and anti-socialist scientific program" of Zeng Zhaolun and other six professors, Tao Menghe saw the main leaders of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and people big and small making speeches, grinning and yelling. Bitter tears, nothing but absurd words, and neurotic "angry denunciation" of Zeng Zhaolun and others. If there is a mistake, it cannot be criticized on the line.Thinking of this, he and the critics headed by Guo Moruo called out to baner. After Tao Menghe disrupted the situation, the screamer's arrogance was slightly restrained.But in the end, according to Wu Baosan, a researcher at the Institute of Sociology, “someone took the opportunity to disseminate Tao Meng’s dissatisfaction with the party in peacetime, probably due to the protection of the leadership, Mr. Tao was not the target of criticism.” In other words, Someone wanted to take the opportunity to attack Tao Menghe for disturbing the situation at the meeting, but in the end it failed. Traveling 80,000 miles, surveying the sky and looking at a thousand rivers from a distance", Mao Zedong himself initiated and controlled the movement situation.As early as the beginning of the rectification movement in 1957, when the politicians mobilized the intellectual circles to speak out, which means "leading the snake out of the hole", Tao Menghe, who was full of sincerity, took advantage of the east wind of "mingfang", and expressed his "high opinion" in a daze, thinking that " The failure of old intellectuals to make good use of them... due to the shortage of cadres in China, those who are talented are not used, and those who are not talented are used to make up for the number, resulting in a lot of chaos." When it came time to rectify the "six professors" such as Zeng Zhaolun, Tao was severely punished. Stimulated by the scenes of criticism and struggle, I began to reflect and think that those in power cannot do this, especially the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which has a concentration of scientific talents, cannot use this situation to punish people online, so I jumped out to challenge Guo Moruo and others.Guo Moruo, who presided over the meeting, naturally did not regard Tao Menghe as a dish, so he decided to counterattack, kicked Tao out of the circle, or simply knocked him to the ground and stepped on one foot, and gave him a "steel helmet" ( South press: another name for various reactionary hats), but it has not been successful for several months. Even Guo Moruo is a little puzzled by this matter.In September of this year, when the "anti-rightist movement" reached its climax, the Chinese Academy of Sciences held a three-day conference to focus on criticizing Fei Xiaotong, Wu Jingchao, Chen Zhenhan, Li Jinghan and other four professors who "restored the political theory of bourgeois sociology and economics". conspiracy".The meeting was chaired by Guo Moruo, and many so-called celebrities in the scientific and cultural circles joined the ranks of this movement to "criticize and criticize" the other party.Just when all kinds of people came to the stage with different purposes and lashed out hoarsely, Tao Menghe, who was not used to speaking at the conference, unexpectedly signed up to speak on the stage again, and he surprised everyone with his mouth.Tao said: "In a socialist society, the relationship between people and the progress of society rely on friendship, not hatred. Intellectuals should play their role instead of being hostile." He loudly shouted: "The anti-rightist struggle is a catastrophe for intellectuals!" ——The word "catastrophe" that became popular and widely circulated in society later started from Dow's great and adventurous speech. As soon as Tao Menghe's words came out, everyone was in an uproar in horror, thinking that with this "catastrophe" alone, it was a foregone conclusion that he would be labeled as a counter-revolutionary and sent to prison, and then he would be carried on a tiger stool and poured a meal of chili soup while pinching his nose.Tao's remarks were quickly written into a special report and submitted to Zhou Enlai's office and Mao Zedong's study. The top authorities were furious and once internally designated Dow as a "rightist" and "counter-revolutionary" element. Warned Tao Menghe, but did not put him to death.The inner reason is said to be that Tao's two layers of extraordinary network background saved him from the overwhelming "catastrophe" in the extreme crisis.First, Tao Menghe was one of the founders of Nankai Middle School, he belonged to Zhou Enlai's teachers, and he had always maintained a good teacher-student relationship with Zhou.Another more important reason is that in 1920, when Tao was teaching at Peking University, Professor Yang Changji, Mao Zedong’s teacher in Changsha and his prospective father-in-law, died of illness. Qiandu sponsored students who wanted to go abroad for work-study programs.In this situation, it was Cai Yuanpei, Ma Yinchu, Hu Shi, Tao Menghe and other four people who jointly published the notice, solicited money from the teachers and students of the North, and arranged for the funeral.After the funeral is over, there is a little money left in Mrs. Yang's hands, which will be used for future living.At that time, Yang Kaihui, the daughter of Yang Changji, had joined the Socialist Youth League under the influence of Mao Zedong and was planning to marry Mao officially. Yang Kaihui then mobilized his mother to hand over the money left over from his father's funeral to Mao Zedong as funds for the establishment of the Cultural Book Club.While thanking Yang Kaihui's mother and daughter, Mao naturally knew that Cai, Ma, Hu, and Tao had initiated an appeal for donations for the hard-earned money. Therefore, Mao Zedong deeply remembered the friendship of the above-mentioned professors and never forgot.It was because of this past incident that Mao was merciful and did not take severe action against Tao.It was precisely because Mao missed this old relationship that Ma Yinchu later became the president of Peking University.After Hu Shi, who "became a lackey of American imperialism," was criticized by the literati and strategists controlled by the CCP, Mao Zedong met with intellectual representatives of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Yi Nian Tang on February 16, 1957. Right and wrong, merits and demerits, he said something unexpected and meaningful: "Hu Shi is really stubborn. We asked someone to bring him a letter and persuade him to come back. I don't know what he is greedy for? Criticism, There is always nothing good to say. To be honest, he has contributed to the New Culture Movement. It cannot be wiped out, and it should be realistic. In the 21st century, at that time, let’s restore his reputation.” This is Mao Zedong as a politician out of political considerations , the helplessness of fighting for Hu Shi and clearing Hu's "toxins" back then is also an act of gratitude for an ordinary person's inability to let go of old love.And other liberal intellectuals, such as Fu Sinian and Qian Mu who have gone to Taiwan and Hong Kong, or Feng Youlan who stayed in the mainland, have not waited in their entire lives, and it is impossible to wait for this sad and heartfelt words.The so-called "the spring breeze brings the autumn rain" is rooted in this.Tao Menghe escaped a catastrophe, and Sansheng was lucky. It can be said that he found the right temple for burning incense and alms.Otherwise, life is worrying! On August 16, 1949, Hu Shi, who lived in the United States, talked about some old friends who stayed in the mainland in a letter to Zhao Yuanren and his wife, expressing deep concern about the changes in the mainland and where the friends came from.When talking about Tao Menghe, Hu Shi quoted his old friend Shen Yi, who was also a letter from Tao Menghe Langjiu, saying that Tao was "very active" in Beijing and Shanghai, and said, "He is a genuinely good person, but unfortunately he is too careless and easily impulsive, so that other people's opinions become his own set of opinions."Whether this evaluation is fair or not depends on the benevolent and the wise, but character is fate. As Tao Menghe's life and mental state in the latter half of his life, it is indeed embarrassing. On April 17, 1960, Tao Menghe went to Shanghai to attend the third academic meeting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences with depression and loneliness. He suffered a sudden acute myocardial infarction and died after rescue and treatment. He was 72 years old.