Chapter 5 Section 5 People grow up and hate water Changdong

On January 21, 1949, under the pressure of Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, Yan Xishan and other factions, Chiang Kai-shek was unable to support himself. He flew out of Nanjing and arrived in Hangzhou on the "Meiling" special plane. He issued a "retirement announcement" and announced that he would be represented by Vice President Li Zongren President, "peace talks" with the Communist Party.Since then, Jiang hid in the "Ci'an" next to his mother's tomb in Xikou in his hometown, keeping a low profile, and secretly manipulated the overall military and political situation as the president of the Kuomintang, commanding the army to continue to resist the People's Liberation Army.

On January 22, Fu Zuoyi, who was stationed in Beiping, officially announced the "Agreement on the Peaceful Liberation of Beiping". More than 250,000 Kuomintang troops in Beiping moved out of the city and moved to designated places to wait for the PLA to reorganize. In the entire Pingjin Campaign, the Kuomintang army lost 520,000 people, and the People's Liberation Army suffered 39,000 casualties. Two days before, that is, on January 20, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a telegram to congratulate the victory of the Huaihai Campaign. The telegram revised and finalized by Mao Zedong stated:

Now there are still top-ranking war criminals and other heinous accomplices in Nanjing, such as Hu Shi, Zheng Jiemin, Ye Xiufeng and others.On January 26, the Yan'an Radio Station broadcast said: "Regarding the preliminary list of war criminals proposed by the CCP authorities on December 25 last year, some people feel that many important war criminals are missing from the list, such as Zhu Shaoliang and Guo Chan in the military. , Li Pinxian, Dong Zhao, Chen Chengji, Zhang Zhen; political Gu Zhenggang, Xu Kan, Yu Dawei, Hong Lanyou, Dong Xianguang, Liu Jianqun; party special aspects Deng Wenyi, Huang Shaogu, Chen Xueping, He Zhonghan, Zhang Daofan, Jiang Jingguo, Zheng Yanfen, Zheng Jiemin, Ye Xiufeng ; Zuo Shunsheng, Chen Qitian, and Jiang Yuntian from the small reactionary faction. Many students and professors believe that the list should include important war advocates Hu Shi, Yu Bin, and Ye Qing.” From this broadcast, it can be seen that Hu Shi at this time was composed of The heinous "accomplice" has been promoted to an important "war criminal", and Fu Sinian seems to have slipped through the net.

Seeing the loss of the essence of land north of the Yangtze River, Li Zongren, acting president of the Nationalist Government, decided to immediately send representatives to Beiping to negotiate with the CCP and launch a peaceful offensive aimed at preserving half of the south of the Yangtze River.In order to strengthen the weight of all sectors of society in the peace talks, Li Zongren specially sent power to Fu Sinian, the "fish that slipped through the net" who had gone to Taiwan, hoping that Fu would use his overwhelming skills to help him achieve the "goal of peace" as soon as possible.But at this time, Fu Sinian no longer had any hope for the Kuomintang-Communist peace talks, so he declined.In the letter to Li Zongren, Fu Sinian bluntly expressed his views on the current situation with his consistent style and political stance: Mr. Delin gave a lesson:

I am deeply admired by the Fudian. My father regards the people's livelihood as his concern and advocates peace. All the people in the country are grateful, but the behavior of the Communist Party is really unreasonable.The Communist Party is originally a party of war. It used to be as belligerent as that party. Today, it has gained the upper hand. It is impossible to achieve peace with it. Looking at the attitude of the Communist Party, the following things are very obvious: 1.Divide the enemy, completely eliminate the central government, only negotiate peace with the localities, in order to implement its policy of slaughter, and never think about the people.

2.Absolutely follow the Soviet-Russian line, be under the command of Soviet Russia, and use China as the vanguard in the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. 3.For those who have held military amulets for many years, they must be destroyed as much as possible. Jiegong will not tolerate them, and my father and Mr. Jiansheng Yisheng will treat them as an example. That is, we scholars who are not under the command of the Communist Party will be treated the same. Under such circumstances, the central government advocates peace and bears the burden of humiliation to the end, and there is no way to add insult to injury. This situation can be forgiven by the people of the country.Since the Communist Party is like this, the peace movement may have to stop in moderation.Based on the methods of Mr. Wen Bo, Li Zi, and Jie Hou, since peace cannot be achieved, the results are as follows:

1.The disintegration of the provinces in the south of the Yangtze River made it easier for the Communist Party to expand its power, and the people could not reduce their suffering. 2.Now that the legal regime has been established, it is necessary to weigh the pros and cons, and it may be necessary to prepare for the next step. There is no way for Li Zi and Wen Bo to talk about peace.It's just a surrender; but the Communist Party only accepts sporadic surrenders, not specific surrenders. I don't know how Zhang, Shao, and Gan Zhugong explained it? 3.In the situation south of the great river, if there is no surrender, there is still hope for unity (at least not open disputes), if you follow the Zhang Shao line, you will only have to disintegrate.As long as the legitimate regime continues to lose momentum, no matter how remote the world is, if it is supported for more than a year, it may not be hopeless in the future.Ambassador Situ is really a fool, and Fu Jingbo is especially unreliable. They are not enough to represent the United States. Today, it is absolutely impossible to hope to make peace with the Communist Party with the help of the United States.

Fu Sinian's tough attitude of breaking away from the Chinese Communist Party is not a whim of nonsense, but it is in line with his consistent political views, and it is also an echo of Hu Shi's attitude towards the Chinese Communist Party.As early as January 15, 1947, Fu Sinian had lunch at the invitation of Chiang Kai-shek. During the meeting, Chiang proposed to let Hu Shi form a party and serve as a member of the National Government and the director of the examination. He also asked Fu to help persuade Hu.Fu Sinian rejected it on the spot, saying: "There should be people outside the government who help the government and speak up when necessary. If they are all in the government, they will lose their effectiveness; that is, if Weng Yongni and others don't join the party or work in the government, wouldn't it be better?" He also said: "From a young age, Peking University is not easy to run. It is really difficult to find a principal. Peking University has a great relationship with the academic circles in the north." We talked about it for a long time.Jiang did not relax, so Fu had to agree to write a letter to inform Hu, detailing his "good intentions". On February 4, Fu Sinian wrote to Hu Shi to explain the whole story, saying in the letter:

Mr. Shizhi: I have been ill for three weeks, with a fever of 39.8, and the eggs are terribly swollen, and the groaning is the worst during the old calendar year.God made this joke, what a prank.Leaving the hospital last night, the infectious period has passed (admitted to avoid infecting others), blood pressure is lower than usual (phenomenon after fever), and still dizzy. The onset of the disease occurred on January 15th, at noon on that day, Mr. Jiang made an appointment to have dinner (the appointment was made once before, because he did not make the appointment), and there was no one else in the table.He asked me for my opinion, and I talked a lot about it, roughly as follows: (1) The government must cheer itself up, why wait for all the parties to come and "renew the eyes and ears of the world", there are many things that can be done by ourselves.He asked me what was the matter, and I said a few things. (2) Song [Ziwen] was the enemy of all the people of the country, which was one of the main political deadlocks. (3) The implementation of constitutional government must be active, and there is no need to worry too much at this time, and so on.He seemed unimpressed.

Next, Fu Sinian described the content of the conversation with Jiang, and the details of Fu's refusal to serve as an official in the government for Hu Shi.Finally stated: Liberals each determine their means and destiny.but.If my husband asks for my opinion, I can say: 1. We and the CCP are bound to be incompatible. From metaphysics to outlook on life, from ideals to reality, there is no one in common.If they gain power, China will fall to the Soviet Union. 2. To make the CCP lose power, only the current government can improve without falling. 3. But we have to find our own way. Once we enter the government, we will be helpless.Rather than joining the government, it is better to form a party, and rather than form a party, it is better to run a newspaper.

4. Today, the government has no sign of a truly enlightened and changed style of work. Everything may be a decoration for the pressure of the United States.The main body of the government is the Executive Yuan, and the other deans are university scholars after the middle quarter of the Qing Dynasty.5. We have to fight, but for this reason, we should be in the opposition forever. Once we enter the government, we will not be able to fight.And if the head of justice is Zhang Xingyan (Du Yuesheng's secretary), it wouldn't be too bad! Sixth, to maintain the strength to resist the CCP and to maintain the position of criticizing the government, at most it is just to run a newspaper, but you have to think twice about running a newspaper, and then you can do it when you have the strength.Today's struggle has become sharper and more intense, like the free lancer [free writer] in "Independent Translation Theory", it is also gone. Hu Shi followed Fu's advice and did not join the cabinet to become a pure Kuomintang bureaucrat, but his dream of running a newspaper was not realized either.Just when Hu and Fu were anxious and hesitant about the future of the national government and where they should do their best to help the government get out of the predicament, in 1947, Hu Shi took the opportunity of going to Nanjing to elect the academician of the Academia Sinica, and was accepted by the United States on October 21. Leighton Stuart, the ambassador to China, invited them to have lunch. The nerd-like Ambassador Stuart actually said the frustrating words that "China will collapse in a month or two" to the crowd.This move made Hu Shi very unhappy, and he scolded in his diary that night: "This old man is seventy-one years old, with very ordinary views, especially no political vision. It is most incomprehensible that he trusts Fu Jingbo, a mediocre man." At this time, the United States Some politicians in the government are calling for abandoning the Kuomintang government. As the ambassador to China, Leighton Stuart not only failed to come up with corresponding measures to turn the tide, but instead played the role of a loser, only knowing how to prick the tire with a needle—discouragement, which naturally caused Hu Shi and others to support the Chiang government. the loathing of theAnd Ambassador Situ himself was indeed not a shrewd diplomat. Later, he lost his uncle and grandmother did not love him. In Mao Zedong's "Farewell, Leighton Stuart" statement, he slipped back to the United States with a leather bag in his face, which can be seen It shows his lack of courage, ignorance and political vision and short-sightedness.Perhaps, it was such confused ambassadors and a group of "mediocre people", such as Situ's assistant Fu Jingbo, who occupied the position of Sino-US communication, coupled with the corruption of the Kuomintang itself, that finally led to an unmanageable defeat. Facing the internal strife and massive defeat of the Kuomintang, Fu Sinian in Taiwan will have fermented the anger that has been nestled in his stomach for several years. He lent Li Zongren the opportunity to write a letter to vent it all. He blamed the ambassador to China Stuart and his assistant Fu Jingbo was "unreliable", and he was angry at the vanity and incompetence of the military and political officials of the Kuomintang. Prepare for war" until it leads to an unmanageable endgame.When he said he was "unbearable to look back" for the defeat of the Kuomintang, or unwilling to look back, he decided to devote all his energy to the construction of Taiwan University in order to get some spiritual sustenance and comfort. On January 31, 1949, the People's Liberation Army occupied Beiping City, and Beiping was liberated peacefully. On April 21 of this year, Chairman Mao Zedong and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De issued an "order to march across the country", calling on the officers and soldiers of the People's Liberation Army to "advance bravely, resolutely, thoroughly, and cleanly annihilate all reactionaries in China who dare to resist, and liberate the people of the whole country." , to defend the independence and integrity of China's territorial sovereignty."On the same day, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China issued an order to force a million troops to cross the Yangtze River on the 1,000-kilometer-long front from Hukou in the northeast of Jiujiang in the west to Jiangyin in the east. The Kuomintang worked hard for three and a half months. The Yangtze River defense line collapsed. On April 23, the "capital" that the Kuomintang had ruled for 22 years fell, and the collapsing Nationalist government moved south to Guangzhou. On the 24th, the Communist Party of China announced the liberation of Nanjing. On August 14, Mao Zedong named and criticized Hu Shi, Fu Sinian, and Qian Mu in the article "Abandon Illusions, Prepare for Struggle" written for Xinhua News Agency: "For the sake of aggression, imperialism has caused China There are millions of new-style intellectuals, big or small, who are different from the old-style literati or scholar-officials. For these people, imperialism and its running dogs, the reactionary Chinese government, can only control some of them, and later, only a very small number of them, such as Hu Shi, Fu Sinian, Qian Mu, etc. can no longer control the others, and they have come to the opposite side of it." On October 1, Mao Zedong announced the establishment of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China on the Tiananmen Gate in Beijing. Chiang Kai-shek, who was planning to prevent the advance of the People's Liberation Army with the Kuomintang military and political officials in Guangzhou at the time, was heartbroken when he heard it. He wrote in his diary that day: "It is reported that The communist bandits established a puppet people's government in Beiping on October 1st, with Mao Zedong as the chairman and six vice-chairmen, and Soong Ching Ling as one of them. In the evening, Jiang stepped into the roof of Huangpu Park alone with a heavy heart to enjoy the cool air, "worried about the party and the country, and I don't know what to do." On October 8, Chiang Kai-shek received a telegram from Gu Zhutong, one of the "Five Tiger Generals" of the Kuomintang and the commander-in-chief of the army, saying: "The military forces in the northwest of Guangdong Province and Hunan and Guizhou are already at a disadvantage. Please resolutely re-elect the president and stay in the southwest. " On October 10th, it was the "Double Ten Day" of the Kuomintang. As a Christian, Chiang Kai-shek got up at 4:00 in the morning. .After concentrating on praying silently, Jiang closed her eyes and pressed the "Bible" to open a page, and then pointed somewhere with her finger.View the content, "Apocalypse from Acts 9:41, there is an image of Peter saving Dorcas from the dead and returning to life". The original text of the ninth chapter of the "Bible New Testament Acts" is: "Peter stretched out his hands and helped her up, and called all the saints and widows in, and delivered Dorcas to them alive." Because of this inscription, Chiang Kai-shek's expression was lifted, and he recited silently in his heart: "Thank God, the Republic of China is in the hands of loyal people Jieshi, and it can turn danger into safety and be reborn and revived." On October 14, Guangzhou fell, and the "National Government" moved to Chongqing again. Chiang Kai-shek came out of the mountain, arranged and commanded the war between Taiwan and Sichuan, and spent his last birthday in the mainland - his 63rd birthday. In November, most of the troops under the command of the Guangxi general Bai Chongxi were wiped out, and Li Zongren's political survival conditions and backing were destroyed. Therefore, on November 20, he took a special plane from Nanning to Hong Kong under the pretext of seeking medical treatment. Exile in the United States. On November 30, Chongqing fell, and Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo took the opportunity to flee to Chengdu. On December 7, the new "Premier" Yan Xishan (according to the South: Sun Ke resigned in March and He Yingqin succeeded him; He resigned in May and Yan took over in June) led the "National Government" including the "All agencies fled to Taiwan from Chengdu, and the "government" announced the relocation to Taiwan on the same day. At 2:00 pm on December 10th, a generation of hero Chiang Kai-shek and his son Chiang Ching-kuo took off from Chengdu Fenghuangshan Airport and fled to Taiwan in the howling wind.At this time, the artillery fire of the People's Liberation Army's siege was intense. In order to escape for their lives, Jiang's father and son had no time to take a detailed look at the rivers and mountains of the mainland.At this time, Jiang Gong did not expect that he would never be able to return to his hometown after he left.It's just that people grow up hating water and grow east.Unlimited country, sometimes easy to see sometimes difficult.