Chapter 4 Section 4 Fu Sinian was appointed as the president of National Taiwan University

During the short time when Zhu Jiahua, Yu Dawei, Fu Sinian, Jiang Jingguo and others sat in Nanjing and mobilized planes to "rescue" Peking scholars, the wind from the north into the south of the Yangtze River became more and more panicky and frightening, and the signs of the Jiang family's shaky dynasty became more and more serious. Clearly, the national government must request the United States to quickly invest a large amount of weapons and equipment and dollars in order to save the building from falling.Instigated by Chiang Kai-shek, Sun Ke's cabinet urgently asked Hu Shi to be the Vice President of the Executive Yuan and Minister of Foreign Affairs.When Hu Shi heard the news, he was very unhappy and said to his assistant Hu Songping: "In such a country and such a government, how can I raise my head and speak to outsiders!" He resolutely refused.Although Hu waved off the two dazzling official hats flying towards his head in one fell swoop, the news that he was about to ask the United States for help spread, which aroused strong attention from all walks of life. On December 18, news media such as the Associated Press and "Shenbao" visited the door to interview this issue. Hu replied in diplomatic terms that "the rumors are absolutely inaccurate", but he did not deny the major difficulties encountered by the Chiang regime and hoped for foreign aid. of urgency.A telegram issued by the United News Agency on the same day stated: "Peking University President Hu Shi said that President Jiang will continue to suppress the Communist Party, but without foreign aid, he may not be able to fight for a long time. Hu believes that the CCP is a Soviet-style Communist Party. If he organizes a coalition government with it, the result will be the same as the Czech Republic. Hu also said that we all want peace, even the president, but we cannot seek peace at any cost.” When a reporter asked him about the overall situation and the country’s Republican War, Hu replied in a heavy tone: “ It is more difficult than fighting against each other, maybe ten times harder than fighting against each other, or a hundred times harder.”

This group of news reveals that the Jiang family dynasty cannot survive alone, and Jiang, Hu and others are determined to fight against the Communist Party to the end. At the same time, it also implies the possibility that Hu Shi will send an envoy to the United States for help.It’s just that at this time, all overt or covert actions can’t save the Kuomintang’s defeat. ——As the war got worse and the KMT’s high-ranking officials fought against each other, including Zhu Jiahua’s resignation, Mei Yiqi’s refusal to participate in the dice, Fu Sinian’s blood pressure was high and he was about to fall ill, a series of events happened. He took the initiative to organize the "rescue scholars" in Pingping.With the defeat of the Kuomintang army and the rising calls of Li Zongren's group to force Chiang Kai-shek to resign, this plan ended its historical mission anticlimactically.

At the end of 1948, the Kuomintang army retreated across the Huaihai battlefield, and the city of Peiping was about to fall.Before withdrawing from the stage of history, Chiang suddenly appointed his confidant Chen Cheng as the chairman of the Taiwan Provincial Government through the Executive Yuan to devote all his efforts to running Taiwan and preparing for the KMT's retreat.Even then Vice President Li Zongren and Taiwan Provincial Chairman Wei Daoming had no prior knowledge of this order.In this regard, Li Zongren, who was left on the sidelines, later complained full of grief and indignation: Due to the situation of the People's Liberation Army advancing step by step, Chiang Kai-shek announced his resignation on January 21, 1949, and I became the acting president.Because of Jiang's secret manipulation, I couldn't do anything."When Chiang decided to retire, he was ready to abandon the mainland and surrender Taiwan in order to carry out his wish to transform the party, the government, and the army into a trinity, and maintain an all-in-one small court. He was even more convinced that after the mainland gave up, the international situation would inevitably deteriorate. The Third World War will also break out, and people can make things happen, and return to the mainland to relive the dream of taking over the regime. In order to arrange this retreat, Mr. Jiang suddenly ordered Sun Ke’s Executive Yuan to appoint Chen Cheng as the Chairman of Taiwan Province. As I said before, after Chen Cheng returned from the Northeast in the early spring of 1948, people from the Northeast in the Beijing-Shanghai area clamored and wanted to kill Chen Cheng. Mr. Jiang had no choice but to allow Chen Cheng to resign and go to Taiwan. In fact, there were other arrangements. When the new post was suddenly announced, Wei Daoming, the former chairman, was unaware of it. After Chen Cheng got the order, he immediately moved from Caoshan to Taipei. In January 1949, he took up the post in Taipei. The quickness of action is rarely seen since the Kuomintang came to power. From this we can see that Mr. Jiang made careful arrangements in advance." He also said: "After Chen Cheng took office, Mr. Jiang secretly ordered all the silver dollars, gold, and U.S. banknotes stored in the treasury to be transported to Taiwan. After the "Golden Yuan Notes" were issued in August 1948, the government wiped out all the silver dollars, gold, and U.S. banknotes hidden by the people. According to the secret meeting report of the Finance Committee of the Supervisory Yuan at that time, the total value of gold banknotes in the treasury was 335 million US dollars. The figure is still calculated based on the price of China's open market; if it is based on overseas ratios, it is more than this. The total gold in stock is 3.9 million ounces, foreign exchange is 70 million US dollars and silver worth 70 million US dollars. The total amount is about About US$500 million.” It was all of Chiang’s arrangements, “On the day I became the acting president, I had no money at hand. In order to maintain military pay and stabilize people’s hearts, I ordered the Executive Yuan to order the Ministry of Finance to transport the treasury’s silver dollars and gold banknotes to Taiwan. Part of it was backed up as a spare. But Chen Cheng, who was responsible for keeping it in Taiwan, was silently disobeyed by Jiang’s suggestion.”

In the eyes of Chiang Kai-shek, Li Zongren is just a decoration or a scapegoat. Faced with such a bad destiny and personnel, and a situation that is about to collapse completely, he can only support his stomach by a crooked son of the dry land (also known as a soil-born toad)——I am angry .Dong Xianguang, who once served as the director of the Kuomintang Information Bureau, has a different view on this period of history in his book "The Biography of President Jiang". Dong said: In February, there is an opportunity to retake the country's important assets from the Communist Party that is about to win. "President Jiang was convinced that the mainland would not be immune to fall, so he ordered Yu Hongjun, a capable and reliable president of the central bank, to transport the government's gold deposits to Taipei in order to avoid falling into the hands of the enemy in the future. When these deposits arrived in Taiwan, when necessary, Will be able to support the government's resistance to the 'Communist'. Yu Hongjun immediately followed the order, and the transportation of the deposit was completed on February 20. Li Zongren was extremely annoyed when he heard the news. President Chiang originally feared that the deposit would stay in Li's At present, it is inevitable that there will be an additional transaction target in the peace talks for nothing. Fortunately, President Jiang quickly transferred the deposits without making a fuss, and the Li family was not able to occupy it first."

Just when Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren were jealous of each other and fighting each other, each had their own ghosts and refused to give in. When Chiang called Li "Niang Xipi" and Li called Chiang "Bastard", a great era of earth-shattering and regime change has come. On New Year's Day in 1949, the Communist Party published a New Year's message through Xinhua News Agency, putting forward the resounding slogan "Fight across the Yangtze River and liberate the whole of China".On this New Year's Eve, the city of Nanjing was dead silent, and Hu Shi and Fu Sinian gathered in one room to spend the end of the year together.The two masters and apprentices set wine and drank each other, looking at each other sadly.Looking forward to the future, the eyes are full of desolation.After thinking about it, the two scholars couldn't help crying.

Three years ago, in July 1945, Fu Sinian and other six members of the Political Council went to Yan'an for a visit. When parting, Mao Zedong specially asked Fu to say hello to Teacher Hu Shi.Previously, Mao and Fu talked about how they had asked Hu Shi about the future of China when they were staff members in the library of Peking University. When they returned to Changsha, Hunan, the self-study university was still named after Hu Shi, so Mao has always been grateful to Hu Shi. .Fu Sinian returned to Chongqing, passed the news to Hu Shi in the United States and disclosed it to the media.Hu Shi and Mao Zedong had parted ways since Beijing, and more than 20 years have passed in a flash, and they have not seen each other again. Unexpectedly, this leader of the Communist Party of China has organized revolutions in the countryside for decades without forgetting himself. It is really difficult to think about it. I should write something to this "my student Mao Zedong", so I got the following telegram:

Mr. Runzhi: After seeing the newspaper, Fu Mengzhen relayed his brother's greetings to Hu Shi.I am grateful for the old days, and I will miss them deeply.On the evening of the 22nd, I had a talk with brother Dong Biwu, and I expressed my contempt, thinking that the leaders of the CCP should review the world situation today, cherish the future of China, try to forget the past, look forward to the future, and make a firm determination to renounce force and prepare to fight with [in] China Create a second party that does not rely on arms.If the public can have this determination, the domestic disputes of eighteen years will be resolved once, and the efforts of the public for more than 20 years will not be completely wiped out by the civil war.At the beginning of the founding of the United States, Ji Fusheng fought peacefully for more than ten years, and the Democratic Party he founded won power in the fourth general election.Fifty years ago, the British Labor Party won only 44,000 votes, but as a result of peaceful struggle, this year it won 12 million votes, becoming the overwhelming majority party.These two things are enough for food for thought.The CCP has become the second largest party today. If it can persist with patience and perseverance, the future of peaceful development will be limitless.Don't let yourself be self-destroyed.The above are the main points of the conversation with Dong Jun, and I will state them here for consideration.

Hu Shi, August 24th. On August 28, just four days after Hu Shi wrote this telegram.Mao Zedong flew from Yan'an to Chongqing and began negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek.When the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were arguing over a series of issues such as the distribution of power and the retention of the army, Wang Shijie, one of the negotiators and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Nationalist Government, passed Hu Shi's telegram to Mao Zedong in due course.Mao's disgust and contempt after reading it can be imagined, and it is only natural to discard them and ignore them.

As far as the domestic political situation at that time was concerned, Hu Shi, who was in the United States, was really confused. His views on destiny and human affairs were far less clear than some of his colleagues and even younger generations.Chen Yinke once said: "People in China are stupid at the bottom and cheat at the top." Lu Xun said: There are only two eras in China that go back and forth. era".The English, French, or American stuff that Hu Shi talked about, apart from being regarded as boring nonsense and out-and-out nonsense by the other party, I am afraid that it is difficult to find other value.On this point, it was Hu's student Fu Sinian who saw clearly and explained clearly.At this time, Mao Zedong and the Communist Party were full-fledged. It is not an exaggeration to praise Liu Bang and Xiang Yu back then. Their strength and fighting spirit could completely fight Chiang Kai-shek for three hundred rounds. The two or three suns mentioned by Shunsheng were shown to the world.Such a grand occasion with such arrogance, in the mouth of Mr. Hu, turned out to be vulnerable, "completely wiped out due to civil war", and even "self-destructive" with a tragic ending.Because of Hu’s muddled political views and threatening ruthless words on the side of the Kuomintang, Mao Zedong, who was worried about it, returned to Yan’an after the negotiations were over, and stated categorically in the report at the CCP cadre meeting: “ The people's armed forces, every gun and every bullet, must be preserved and cannot be handed over.”——These words, while clarifying the firm stance of the Communist Party, can also be regarded as an open answer to Mr. Hu’s idiotic “nonsense” .

Unexpectedly, in just over three years, the Communist Party, which Hu Shi expected to be "completely wiped out due to the civil war", not only was not wiped out, but became even more aggressive, until a new situation was created where the subject and the object changed positions and the world was reversed.The Kuomintang suffered a crushing defeat and became an out-and-out "self-destructive" ugly eight.Such a tragic scene is really a great irony to the "nonsense" of Hu Shijie, a scholar who participated in politics and did not know the current affairs. After the clock struck midnight, Hu Shi lamented to Fu Sinian that he had been a "deserter" and "refugee" from Beiping to Nanjing for seventeen days. In his drunken eyes, he forcibly regained his energy, put aside the unpleasant past, and rekindled the madness of a literati. With pride, while pouring wine into his mouth, he recited the ninth chapter of Tao Yuanming's "Imitation of Ancient Times":

Planting mulberry along the Yangtze River is expected to be harvested in three years. The branches are about to flourish, but suddenly the mountains and rivers change. Ke Ye breaks itself, and its roots float in the sea. Spring silkworms have no food, so whoever wants to take cold clothes. I didn't plant the plateau originally, so why regret it today! After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Fu Sinian and Hu Shi took over Peking University after the war, and it has been more than three years since then. "Looking forward to harvesting in three years" is the time when Peking University is looking forward to making achievements and achievements. "Suddenly changing mountains and rivers", the blue sky and white sun suddenly turned into red flags all over the ground, and the expected "career" was wiped out. "Ke Ye" and "roots and plants", after such a big "breaking", all hopes are gone. "I don't plant plateaus at all", and the place for "planting mulberry" is not in the plateau where there is no worry about wind and rain. Loyalty is placed, and life is entrusted. Facing today's sad and desolate situation, what is there to regret?After reciting several times, the two of them became drunk and fell into a coma on the bed. On January 5, Chen Cheng, who had been ordered to move to Taipei to preside over political affairs, called Fu Sinian: My younger brother has already taken over the matter today, and Jie Gong deeply appreciates the kindness of Mr. and others. I am afraid that it still needs the joint efforts of knowledgeable people to be able to help.My younger brother couldn't leave Taiwan for a while, so Mr. Xi drove to Taiwan quickly and shared the hardships. When Fu Sinian received the telegram, he realized that the last moment had come for him to go. At an important turning point in his fate, he, who had always been capable and decisive, hesitated again.Previously, following Chen Bulei's suicide, he also had the idea of ​​continuing to leave.This idea has been in his mind for a long time. As early as 1932, he said: "The Kuomintang was the star of the Republic of China for several years. So all the remnants of the old forces are thinking about it, thinking that 'he can be replaced'." He also said: "In fairness, the Communist Party can solve China's problems. We lost their lives for the sake of class. Why not. Although we have never exploited the working people, but only do our best to be loyal to those who work for them, once the "fire in Kungang, jade and stone burn together", we will naturally perish with the bad things. It seems that he died sooner. Once you think about it from the big picture, you know that such a fate is really just and honest, and there is nothing regrettable about it." However, due to family care and concern for the fate of National Taiwan University as mentioned in history, he failed to follow Chen Bulei's footsteps - death is sometimes easy and sometimes difficult. On January 8, Chiang Kai-shek received a secret telegram that the situation in the north was about to collapse, and he was anxious and urgent to have dinner with Hu Shi.During the dinner, Jiang followed the usual practice and first asked Hu about his views on the overall situation. Hu committed the same old habit of joking around as a scholar. Examples to prove the necessity of "surrender": "I told him that General Wain-Wright (General Wainwright) defended Bataan (Bataan Peninsula) and surrendered with all his might. After the victory, he was released and returned to China. Medal of Honor'." What's even more inconceivable is that when the first pass persuading him to surrender was finished, Hu actually thought that "Gong Jiang is a little moved." In fact, what kind of character is Chiang Kai-shek, who has experienced many battles, how could he listen to a scholar's "surrender"?Just as Mao Zedong, who was negotiating in Chongqing, would not listen to Hu's idiotic dreams, when the land was sinking, Chiang Kai-shek still decided to make a last-ditch effort to survive, and asked Hu Shi to come to the United States for help.Because the Hu family had made it clear before that that they would not serve the government as official diplomats, Chiang Kai-shek also adopted a policy of accommodating and ordered Hu to use non-governmental diplomacy to use the United States.That night, Hu Shi recorded the following passage in his diary: Jiang Gong still persuaded me to go to the United States tonight.He said: "I don't want you to be an ambassador, and I don't want you to have any mission. For example, to fight for aid, I don't want you to do it. I just [only] want you to go out and see." After a lot of mental suffering, Hu Shi decided to obey Chiang Kai-shek's assignment and return to the United States to "save some face" for the government. On January 9, Du Yuming, the deputy commander-in-chief of Xuzhou's "Suppression General", who was besieged by the Communist forces on the Huaihai battlefield for 66 days and nights, sent a last telegram to Chiang Kai-shek: "The troops are in chaos and cannot be maintained until tomorrow. We can only split up tonight." Break through." At night, the Kuomintang and the Communist armies fought fiercely, and the Kuomintang army was completely defeated.Throughout the Huaihai Campaign, the People's Liberation Army annihilated and captured 555,000 Kuomintang troops at the cost of 130,000 casualties.And as a general commanding more than 500,000 troops, he was captured on the battlefield, which has never happened in Chinese history. On January 15, the Communist army occupied Tianjin, and Peiping was at stake.Hu Shi hurried to Shanghai to visit the banker Chen Guangfu to discuss the plan of going to the United States for help. On the evening of the 17th, Gu Jie, who was in Shanghai, had just been invited to attend Hu Shi’s dinner party. Gu, who had already had a quarrel with Mr. Hu and didn’t know what to do, used alcohol to persuade Hu to get rid of the entanglement of the Kuomintang government and not to return to Nanjing. Into the den of right and wrong."He also said: "When the Kuomintang was in its prime, it did not enjoy peace and happiness. Now it is in trouble, but it wants to share the adversity. As a result, the Kuomintang is still hopeless, and the name of Mr. Gu is dead." He didn't take it to heart, and he didn't reveal the slightest word that he was going to the United States soon.At this time, Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang have parted ways emotionally and politically. This pair of teachers and students who have poured passionate emotion and human love into each other have a farewell in Shanghai. In the early morning of January 19, Fu Sinian followed the prior arrangement and planned to rush to the airport to take a military plane to Taiwan.Under the faint starlight, Fu Sinian walked out of his residence in the compound of the Institute of History and Philology with his luggage, led by Hu Shi who had returned to Beijing from Shanghai, and Fu's secretary, Na Lianjun, behind the hall. Walking quietly in the middle of the day, no one spoke anymore, thousands of words have been said, and the last important word "Zhen Zhong" has been unable to speak for a long time.When the wide and heavy vermilion door "clucked" open.Under the cover of the heavy night, the old worker who guarded the door took the luggage from Fu Sinian's hands, and while sending it to the car, he sobbed, "Mr. Fu, can we see each other again after we leave today?" After hearing this, Fu couldn't help feeling sad Sheng, hot tears gushed out of his eyes, dripped down his cold cheeks, and drifted away with the night wind. "Good brother. Wait for me, I will be back." Fu said, holding the hand of the old worker and saying goodbye, and then boarded the car and left in a hurry.It can be said: "The most hasty resignation from the temple day, the Jiaofang still plays a farewell song. Weeping to the maid." That morning, Fu Sinian flew to Taipei.After going this time, it turned out to be "turning back thousands of miles, the old friend will never die".