Chapter 3 In the third quarter, Jinling's kingly spirit is sadly closed

When the plane of Hu Shi, Chen Yinke, their families and Professor Mao Zishui arrived at Nanjing Ming Palace Airport, Wang Shijie, Zhu Jiahua, Fu Sinian, Hang Liwu, Jiang Jingguo and others went to greet them.Regarding this rare historical scene, the accompanying reporter from Shenbao made the following report: Hu Shi and his wife arrived in Beijing [Nanjing News 15] Hu Shi, the president of Peking University, and his wife flew to the capital from the Ping Air Transport Brigade at 6:30 p.m. on the 15th. They were accompanied by the famous historian Professor Chen Yinke and his family, and the former deputy mayor of Ping City. Zhang Bojin and his wife, Wang Yunhuai, president of Peking English Current Affairs Daily, etc.A few days ago, the president sent a special plane to Pingping to welcome Hu's south on the 14th. However, the situation in the old capital was tense and the airport could not be used.After Hu got off the plane, he shook hands with Wang Shijie, Zhu Jiahua, Jiang Jingguo, Fu Sinian, Hang Liwu and others who were welcome at the airport.It is said that the military situation in Pingshi has become more relaxed on the 15th day, and people's hearts are quite stable. Immediately, he and his wife went to the pre-prepared residence of the Presidential Palace to rest. In the evening, there were very few guests except Zhu Jiahua and others who visited to talk about the situation in Pingshi's educational circles. , and because of the fatigue of the journey, he went to bed early and did not go out.

On the day when Hu Shi, Chen Yinke and others flew to Nanjing, the 29th meeting of the Executive Yuan of the Nationalist Government passed the formal removal of President Zhuang Changgong of National Taiwan University, and appointed Fu Sinian as President of National Taiwan University and announced it.For this announcement, Fu Sinian ignored it, and still devoted all his energy to saving scholars.Seeing that there were too few academic figures who flew to Nanjing with Hu Shi, Fu Sinian wrote another express letter on the second day, and sent it from the Pingjin Railway Bureau to Zheng Tianting, Secretary-General of Peking University through the aviation system, eagerly asking the other party to make more efforts.The letter said:

Tian Ting: The air transport team can send two planes to Ping immediately. The list of three batches issued in the letter from the elder brother can be used for one trip, and the plane of China Airlines may also go to Ping. For others who can go, they should be prepared to delay and contact the general for immediate attention. Do it well to send off the New Year. This page begs to be forwarded to Peking University Secretary-General Zheng Tianting or Tsinghua President Mei! Brother Fu Sinian 1. Today (16th) most of the five AVIC planes returned empty. I think the school has not connected them well. It is a pity that we must gather first in the future. Each person can only bring carry-on luggage. General assistance is required. For example, assisting President Hu is a must of!

2. Please do not hesitate when making the notification. If you hesitate, you will lose the opportunity. 3. You must concentrate in advance and communicate with AVIC. 4. Passengers (professors and family members) whose certificates are issued by Secretary-General Zheng of Peking University, President Mei of Tsinghua University, or President Yuan of Normal University do not need to pay in Beiping, and the Ministry of Education will pay directly in Beijing. Also, Dawei misses his sister Dazhen so much, Brother Qi must ask her and give her a chance, thank you very much! 1. Decision 2. Concentration 3. Good communication with transportation 4. President Xi assisted Mr. Hu and the president to talk about the three-person team appointed by the president today. ) strength, adjusted daily to be sensible.As long as the above □ are done well, and the airport connection (new and old) is feasible (South press: the original text), the plane must come from the original (source).

The express letter was sent out on December 16, and Fu Sinian and Chen Xueping jointly sent another urgent telegram to Shi Shude: Urgent Brother Shi Shude, Director of Pingjin Road Bureau, please translate to Principal Mei, Principal Yuan, Secretary-General Zheng, and Xiao Chen. If there is an opportunity, if it goes well, the next opportunity will arrive. The list includes four categories: (1) Schools and offices Administrative persons, such as Mei, Li, Yuan, Chen, Hu, Zheng, He, Huo, Chu, Shen, Tang, Feng, Jie, Rao, etc. (2) Those who must leave due to political relations, such as Zhu, Lei, Liu, Mao, Mei, Qi, etc. (3) Academicians of Academia Sinica, such as Jing Yue, Tong Fu, Da Fu, Zong En, Bao He, etc. (4) Those who have made academic contributions and come south voluntarily, such as Jinfu, Xintian, Liancheng, Siliang, Zusheng, Sanqiang, Keats, Zhenghong, Congwen, Tingxiang, Xunzheng, etc., please join us The distribution is divided into several batches, including family members, about 300 people, who will board the plane in batches. You must contact Brother Suppressant Shizhai and Brother Lu Juzhi in earnest.

On the morning of the 16th after Si Nian Xueping, Chen Yinke and his family quietly went to Shanghai from Nanjing and stayed at the home of Yu Dawei's younger brother Yu Dagang.A month later, Chen did not move to Taiwan with the Kuomintang government, but transferred with his family to Guangzhou Lingnan University where his old colleague Chen Xujing was the president (later merged with Sun Yat-sen University).Since then, a generation of master historians have stayed in the humid and warm land of the southern country all their lives. When Chen Yinke went to Shanghai, Hu Shi and Fu Sinian should know that in such troubled times, if Shanghai has a suitable place to live, it would be a good idea to move here, so they didn't take it to heart.It's just that what Hu and Fu didn't expect is that this farewell is separated by sea and sky, and it becomes an eternal farewell.

At noon on the day when Chen Yinke and his family went to Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek and Song Meiling held a birthday feast for Hu Shi and Jiang Dongxiu at their official residence on Huangpu Road. Hu Shi and Fu Sinian went to the banquet together.Chiang Kai-shek, who never prepares wine when entertaining guests, specially prepared high-quality wine for Hu Shi, and celebrated his birthday one day in advance, which can be described as an extraordinary respect.Hu's trip that day, "Shenbao" made the following report: After President Hu Shi and his wife arrived in Beijing on the evening of the 15th, their friends Weng Wenhao, Chen Lifu, Chen Xueping, Zhu Jiahua, Hang Liwu and others visited successively on the morning of the 16th.Hu also visited the new president of National Taiwan University, Fu Sinian, at the Academia Sinica at eleven o'clock in the morning. After the meeting, they went to the President's residence together at twelve o'clock.Zhu Jiahua, the head teacher of the evening, hosted a banquet in his residence to cleanse the dust, and invited Ambassador Situ, Fu Jingbo, Hang Liwu and others to accompany him.People in Beijing and China who are concerned about the development of the religious circle in Pingshi all asked Mr. Hu about everything.

Just when Hu Shi and Fu Sinian met at the Academia Sinica and were about to go to Chiang Kai-shek’s official residence for a banquet, some teachers and students of Peking University, who were thousands of miles away, had already kicked off the prelude to the school celebration, but they were more sad than the senior officials in Nanjing. pessimistic.According to a special telegram sent by a reporter from "Shenbao" in Ping'an at 6:30 p.m. on the same day: "Peking University started its school celebration program today amidst the sound of gunfire. Because Hu Shi left Pingping, there are no hosts, and none of the exhibitions and lectures can be carried out according to the scheduled program. I will pass through quietly. A group of students in an agricultural college in the outskirts were forced to enter the city today, their clothes were lost, and they suffered from false alarms.

On December 17, the 50th anniversary celebration of Peking University officially began. Because the principal Hu Shi fled from Beiping, the celebration activities were cast a shadow. The sad and embarrassing situation can be seen from the media reports: Peking University celebrated its 50th anniversary today amidst the sound of cannons and machine guns. Because Hu Shi went to Beijing, he nominated Chairman Tang Yongtong. Tang pointed out that celebrating the anniversary at this time should consider how to deal with the future, and said that Peking University is always making progress.Xu Beihong delivered a speech on behalf of the guests, praising Cai Yuanpei's achievements.Zhou Binglin delivered a speech on behalf of the alumni, repeatedly emphasizing that China has been full of disasters in the past 50 years. Peking University was born in this disaster and contributed to every change. Therefore, amidst the sound of guns and guns today, commemorating the 50th birthday of Peking University, we should be more brave to bear the disaster.Fewer than a hundred people participated in this simple ceremony today. Mei Yiqi left in a hurry after signing in. All the scheduled speeches were aborted, and the exhibition was suspended.

Echoing Beipingyao, at 3:00 p.m. that day, a school celebration event hosted by Nanjing Peking University Alumni Association was held in the auditorium of Academia Sinica in Beiji Pavilion. This day also coincided with Hu Shi's 57th birthday.The venue was simple in layout, and the portrait of the former principal Cai Yuanpei was hung on the front of the auditorium. More than 200 alumni attended the meeting.At the meeting, Hu Shi "delivered a sad speech" first. This is a commemorative motto written by Hu Shi before he left Pingping. The speech came to Nanjing, and said with a heavy heart at this moment: "Peking University is fifty years old this year. Among the universities in the world, this fifty-year-old university can only be regarded as a child.  … I once said that Peking University is the official successor of the "Tai Xue" of the past dynasties. If Peking University really wants to use the age to overwhelm people, he can trace the "Tai Xue" from the fifth year of Emperor Yuanshuo of the Han Dynasty (124 BC in the Western calendar) Year) Gongsun Hongzuo please set up 50 disciples for the doctor. That is the origin of the historically credible "Tai Xue", and it will be 2072 years this year. This is younger than any university in the world High! But Peking University has always been unwilling to admit that it is the heir of the "Tai Xue" since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and is unwilling to show off its longevity of more than 2,000 years..."

In his speech, Hu Shi highly praised the achievements of Cai Yuanpei and Jiang Menglin in presiding over Peking University for 30 years. An ideal principal, a principal who is courageous and responsible".He also said: "On September 17th in the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), New Peking University opened. President Jiang and all the teachers and students in the school were very happy. The next day was 'September 18'! That night Japanese soldiers were in There was an event in Shenyang that shocked the whole world, which led to the prelude to World War II!" However, during the six-year national calamity between the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and Peking University's southward relocation, Peking University "worked the most and never stopped. The current geology museum, library, and girls’ dormitory were all built in that period. Many of the gray-haired professors at Peking University are young professors who worked hard at that time... Now we are teaching them in a very dangerous and difficult environment. Peking University celebrates its 50th birthday. It is with a heavy heart that I narrate his history of many disasters. I wish him a long life and a strong life. I wish him a safe passage through the current crisis just like he has survived many times in fifty years. Same!" In the end, Hu Shi said that he was "like a deserter" in the face of this disaster, and that he was "a deserter with no reputation".At the end of the speech, "we burst into tears, and the participants cried together." After Hu's speech, Jiang Menglin delivered a speech. Jiang's "voice is heavy", saying that he "doesn't speculate on the current situation, but when it comes to the future, he ends his short speech with the five words 'nothing to say'", followed by Fu Sinian's speech .Very different from Hu and Jiang, Fu Sinian wobbled onto the podium with his huge body, and said in a generous and elegiac tone: "Based on the 50-year history of Peking University to create a new spirit of liberalism, I believe that Although we have not been able to get support from the current government in the past, if communism achieves success in the future, it will destroy liberalism even more.” However, he believes that there will be a “dynasty” in the future that “can take the seeds of liberalism that I have cultivated in the past fifty years, be promoted".According to the newspaper at the time: "Fu claimed to be pessimistic, but he said it with optimism, which made most people laugh. After Zhu Jiahua and Di Ying gave speeches, they went to the next room to drink fine wine. According to the report of the alumni association, the There are a total of 100 catties of fine wine stored. I hope to drink it and don’t want to have any leftovers. In addition to commemorating the school anniversary, it is also President Hu’s birthday. Longevity, another one is President Hu’s birthday. Cups and wine cups intertwined for a while, and there was a lot of joy, until six o’clock they broke up.” It can be said: "Listen to "Water Tune" several times with wine, and wake up in the afternoon and worry about it." It is still better to "rescue" the "scholars" who are trapped in the siege as soon as possible. Since there is no news from Beiping, Fu Sinian sent another telegram in anxiety: Express Peking University Secretary-General Zheng Yisheng's brother Beiping quickly assembled a plane with about 40 people, and then the snow screen was urgent. Friends who can leave must take this machine. Si Nianyuan. Although Nanjing is in a hurry, due to the tight siege of the city by the People's Liberation Army, there are problems with the landing and take-off places of the planes, and Nanyuan Airport is full of dangers. On the morning of December 19th, Central Airlines and China Airlines jointly formed five large passenger planes to break through the air blockade of the People's Liberation Army, and landed at Nanyuan Airport.According to Qi Rushan, a drama theorist who was on the plane, the southbound travelers who had already gathered on the plane received the order and rushed from Yongdingmen to Nanyuan in a large truck, and rushed to the airport after crossing four or five trenches and traps.Just as he was about to board the plane, a cannonball exploded a hundred steps away. Amidst the thick smoke, the passengers panicked, and the pilot was even more panicked. The situation was extremely critical, and all the boosters of the plane were turned on.The truck carrying the luggage didn't dare to wait for the plane to be loaded, so it turned around and fled into the city. Less than one or two percent of all the luggage was loaded.The passengers got even more chaotic and boarded the plane one after another. When the last person stood on the gangway of the plane and hadn't squeezed into the cabin door, the plane had already started to move forward.Looking down, boxes, muffs, luggage and fruits were scattered all over the place, and the saddest thing was that one or two children were left on the ground. They have already fled back, and these two children are left unattended, it is really sad, but there is nothing they can do." ——This should be the last batch of passenger planes to take off from Beiping Nanyuan Airport. Since then, the airport has become unusable. Fortunately, Beiping’s "Suppression General" has rushed to repair the runway on an open space in Dongdan, which can be used for small aircraft to take off and land. This place has become Nanfei The only exit for personnel. On December 21, Mei Yiqi, President of Tsinghua University, led the second batch of "rescued" scholars, took off at the newly built Dongdan Airport and arrived in Nanjing.That night, a reporter from Shenbao who went to interview sent back the following telegram: The government sent special planes to rescue famous professors from various universities. Because the airport in Beiping city was available for use, it started on the 21st. The first batch of 24 professors and their families took two special planes at 5:00 p.m. on the 21st. They flew to Beijing successively, among them were Mei Yiqi, President of Tsinghua University, Li Shuhua, Yuan Tongli, Yang Wuzhi, Dong Shouyi, Zhang Yi, Zhang Qijun, Gu Yuzhen, Zhao Meibo, Jiang Wenjin, etc.When the special plane arrived, Fu Sinian, Chen Xueping and Jiang Jingguo all welcomed them at the airport.According to Mei Yiqi's language reporter, Peiping was really tense a week ago, but now it is more stable than before. Tsinghua University once suspended classes, but has resumed classes. The school is also prepared for the contingency.The reporter asked if the presidents and professors of the schools in the north came to the south, whether it would still be the same as during the Anti-Japanese War and establish a joint university. Mei said that it is different from the Anti-Japanese War, and it may not be possible to set up another joint university. On the same day, the "Shenbao" reporter in Peiping sent back a telegram at 7:10 p.m., saying: The first group of professors who retreated from private colleges in Pingguo left Ping to fly to Beijing on the 21st. Two special planes carried Mei Yiqi and other 24 people. The second batch will continue on the 22nd. The Ministry of Education has negotiated North China Suppression General agrees to give priority to the evacuation of professors. The special plane flew here yesterday and the test flight was good this morning. However, the runway of the new airport in the city is soft and can only carry 3,000 pounds. It will take off at 1 p.m. On the 2nd, a federation was established and contacted with the authorities. On the second day after Mei Yiqi and others arrived in Nanjing, Zhu Jiahua was forced to resign as Minister of Education under the pressure of Chen Lifu and other opponents, and the government appointed Mei Yiqi to succeed him.Mei claimed that she was deeply ashamed for not being able to transport most of the Peking professors out, and that she could not follow her orders, so she offered to resign.Such back and forth, while causing shock in the political and academic circles, also aggravated the panic among intellectual groups.Sun Ke, the new president of the Executive Yuan after Weng Wenhao, saw that the Mei family was unwilling to share the hardships with him, so he had to ask Hang Liwu, who he didn't like very much, to act as a temporary agent. Desperate Minister of Education. As for why the Mei family refuses to be a high-ranking official, and when the storm is raging and life is in danger, they still refuse the government's life-saving straw?On closer inspection, the reasons are extremely complicated, except that the Mei family did not want to be with Sun Ke and a group of incompetent rats. As the media said, Mei felt "deeply ashamed" for not being able to bring the Tsinghua professor out.This is not false. Pu Jiangqing, acting director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University at the time, disclosed in his diary: "Nanjing sent planes to pick up some university professors and rescued them to Nanjing. A list was made, probably in every school. Peking University After receiving this list (the list of Peking University that should be rescued was drawn up by Fu Sinian and others), Secretary-General Zheng Tianting felt that it was not easy to handle, and decided to make it public, so that those who wanted to leave the peace could register. It turned out that there were some on the list, who did not want to go south, and some lecturers and assistants We originally had a family in the south and wanted to go south for some reason, so we seized this opportunity. When the plane arrived in Nanjing, some cultural dignitaries came to pick it up. They thought that there were many famous professors who were loyal to the party and the country and flew back resolutely. Met unrelated people. It is said that there are many empty seats on the plane, and Yuan Tongli’s old mother also got on the plane. It becomes a great tragicomedy.” It is this kind of tragicomedy that Mei Yiqi thinks that she left the teachers and students of Tsinghua University and ran alone It is immoral to come out and confer official titles.Moreover, Mei Yiqi’s ambition was not here at that time. He clearly knew that he held the weight of the Tsinghua Fund, and with this heavy fund, he could find another way to realize the dream of rebuilding Tsinghua.Therefore, in Mei Yiqi's opinion, it is wise not to wear the paper hat of the Minister of Education, which flew in the air and might fly away at any moment, and the facts in the future also proved that his choice was correct. Of course, Mei Yiqi's mentality of "deeply ashamed" of her failure to fulfill her duties may be consistent with the Nanjing National Government, but it may not be consistent with the teachers and students of Tsinghua Garden.In other words, the teachers and students of Tsinghua University did not necessarily appreciate his "ashamedness", and some even expressed disgust, thinking it was an expression of hypocrisy and absurdity.This point can be seen from Pu Jiangqing's diary. Pu Shi said: "Go out in the morning and read the news on the blackboard. Mr. Mei has already flown to Beijing, and he and Hu Shi set up a relocation committee for Pingjin colleges and universities in Beijing. The name seems so ridiculous. Despicable. The school can’t be relocated, and almost all the students are here. Only a few principals and a few professors are allowed to fly out. What kind of southward relocation is it planning? It’s calling exiled professors and giving them preferential treatment. Those of us who stay here will be regarded as It’s like a bandit! I read the newspaper of the Federation of Education in front of the Gongzi Hall, and I generally criticized the establishment of the Pingjin College Southward Relocation Committee in Nanjing, and I was vigilant against the wavering elements who remained in the school with unclear attitudes.” This diary shows that leaving The staff of the school did not buy or agree with this "Nanfei Plan" and a small number of Nanfei personnel, and there was a sense of resistance and opposition from the bottom of their hearts.Precisely because of this sentiment, a hostility has been bred to be vigilant against "wavering elements" with unclear attitudes in the school.At this time, the "wavering elements" do not know whether they are aware of the terrible "vigilant" eyes shot from the dark, nor do they know how many of these elements will eventually go south.But it is conceivable that in the near future, as representatives of the People's Liberation Army officially take over Tsinghua University, it will be even more difficult to leave.In the years to come, those "wavering elements" who failed to travel south and the "steadfast" ones who sat in Tsinghua Jing and waited for the liberation army to come to liberate them formed an ethnic group that was incompatible and irreconcilable. ", became the watershed and touchstone of revolution and counter-revolution.In front of this touchstone, those who "shake" become a group of ghosts who are monitored and suppressed by those who "fix". This serious consequence was never expected by the "wavering elements".