Chapter 30 Chapter 29 Secret Camp

The old traffic officer Li Sheng sent the little girl Li Min to the secret camp of the 4th Division of the 6th Army, and Li Min was considered to join the army. It was the first time Li Min saw such a big house. The north and south kangs are about ten meters long on one side.It is said to be a kang, but it is actually a bed, supported by wood. The surface of the bed is a yellow pomegranate tree that is as thick as a bowl, and it is split in half.Huangboluo bark is a traditional Chinese medicine, which can treat low back pain, high blood pressure, and diabetes.I didn't know it at that time, but I knew that this thing was warm and soft, and it was more comfortable to lie on.

The most obvious thing after entering the house is the stove in the center of the ground, which is made from an oil drum that is as tall as a person.In the secret camp, there must be this thing in winter, to keep warm, and some also cook.The firewood chopping box was burning inside, like a machine roaring, and the upper half was burning red.Nowadays, the city is heating in winter, and the government stipulates that the room temperature must not be lower than 18 degrees Celsius, otherwise residents do not have to pay heating fees.At that time, it would be good if the temperature in the room was 5 degrees Celsius. The room is big, but the house is not tight.

Mao'er Mountain, Guokui Mountain, Sikuaishi, etc. Li Min has stayed in many secret camps.Some are built using caves, and some are semi-underground cellars, most of which are wooden houses called "wood carvings" like the 4th division.The four walls are made of logs thick and thin like utility poles, and the inside and outside are covered with mud, some of which are peeled off by the wind and rain, and the wind is poured inside.Since human beings put on clothes and have a home, it seems that they have to take off their clothes when they sleep.Farmers at that time, including many rich landowners, took off more thoroughly, adults and children, naked.One is that I don’t have a shirt, and the other is that even if I have one, it’s very expensive to wear clothes to sleep, and I can’t bear it.The Anti-Union League did not talk about undressing to sleep, not only did not take off, but also had to tidy up the clothes before going to bed.Wear a dog fur hat on your head, and Ula hair on your feet. Button up your clothes, and tie your belt or hemp rope around your waist again.When I woke up in the morning, my mouth and face were covered with frost, men and women, old and young, all became old men with white beards.

When I was at home, the house was ventilated from all sides, so there were beds with broken quilts, and more importantly, the kang under my body was hot.The secret camp was not covered, and most of the old comrades had a coat, which was worn during the day and covered at night.As soon as Li Min joined the team, she didn't have a coat, so Chief Secretary Ma covered her with his oil-stained Japanese army woolen coat, which also turned over and over in the cold and couldn't sleep.But compared to the days of camping later, it is already a paradise. When she first joined the team, she and Li Guilan were the only two girls in the secret camp, and Chief Ma Siwu was older and slept next to her.After arriving at Mao'er Mountain, there were too many women. There was a big room of men and women, and the oldest woman slept next to the men.Some also use boards or chests to separate them in the middle, with women sleeping inside and men sleeping outside.At that time, that person was relatively simple, and there were few people with crooked minds.

There are two sewing machines in the Maoershan secret camp, which became the army's quilt factory.There are quilt factories in the secret camps of each army. The quilt factory in Nanman is called "machine house", while the sewing machine in Beiman is called "machine", and there are also "self-sewing needles". When I was busy, the machine would be beeping so loudly during the day and night. The first machine was seized from the big landlord Lao Xia’s family in the autumn of 1934. At the same time, a batch of white cloth was also seized, and the guerrillas sent it into the mountains to build a quilt factory.Factory director Pei Chengchun, Li Zaide, Liu Sishu, and Xu Zhenshu all knew how to use machines. The county party committee found a tailor, Master Zhang, and Li Zaide learned it first.The guerrillas continued to develop, and the clothing factory also continued to expand. Li Min, Li Guilan and others also came.

Many of the bought and seized are white cloth, and the first process is dyeing.Put the Huangboluo bark in a large pot and boil it for half an hour, then scoop out the bark, put the cloth in it and soak it for a while, then take it out and let it dry to light yellow.Oak bark is also fine, but the effect is not as good, and the color is similar to that of kraft paper.The style of the military uniform is the Zhongshan style, and the hat is the pointed hat of the Soviet Red Army, with a five-pointed star cut out of red cloth in the middle.The color and style of the uniforms of each army are inconsistent.After the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, some troops in Jidong had blue sky and white sun embedded in their hats.It is rare for an army to be unified. For example, the army bought and seized black cloth, so it can only be black.After 1938, the secret camps were destroyed by the enemy one after another, and all the armies were like the guerrillas back then, with all kinds of colors.

The busiest thing is when the seasons change, machines work, manual work, hands and feet are not idle.At night, I couldn't bear to light the oil lamp, so I lit pine nuts. Their faces were so smoky that they looked like a stove king, and the phlegm they spit out was black.The old man Li Zaide said that when he was sleepy, he sent his finger to the foot of the needle unconsciously, and was pierced by the machine needle, and he woke up suddenly in pain.Sometimes I don't even bother to bandage, so I hurry to see if the machine is broken.Even a machine needle is a hard-won treasure.It's all right, put your hands on your hands and continue to work.

Clothing factories are also a barometer of the situation of the Anti-Japanese War.It's not good if you don't have work when you should be busy.Sometimes the heavy snow flutters, and before a large amount of cloth and cotton is sent up the mountain, the man will be full of bubbles in a hurry. Sometimes Hulala sent a group of wounded, and the "machine house" clothing factory became a hospital. Usually, there are some non-combatants in the secret camp.For example, family members of the Anti-League who have been exposed in places and may be arrested are mainly the elderly and children.Many more are the wounded and sick, including people who have quit smoking.The recruited mountain forest team, the mutinous puppet army, the old, the weak, the sick, and those addicted to cigarettes all went home with travel expenses.Young, not too addicted to smoking, and willing to stay in the team, so he was sent to a secret camp to quit smoking, and he returned to the team after quitting.

The establishment of secret camps in the mountains was forced by the environment.Let’s just talk about the wounded and sick. When there is a base, they can be recuperated in the homes of fellow villagers. If the base is gone, what should we do? Traditional Chinese medicine, Western medicine, rural local doctors, and even hearing about some folk prescriptions, they used them on the wounded and became "doctors".Other people of all kinds, as long as they can go to the ground to help, they are all nurses, and the female soldiers in the clothing factory are of course the main force. When it comes to Wang Yaojun's "Medical Officer Wang", there is no old man in the army who does not give his thumbs up, saying how many people he saved.At that time, doctors were called "medical officers". 5 Military medical officer Guan Yi, everyone also praised him.However, whether it is a relatively regular doctor like Guan Yi or Wang Yaojun, or a "doctor" who almost relies on guts to amputate his limbs with a carpenter's belongings, the biggest problem is the lack of medicine.

There is no anesthesia, and I usually take some opium to relieve pain before the operation.Zhang Ruilin's right lower mandible was shattered by a bullet. Xu Zhe, who performed the operation on him, was a real person. He graduated from Harbin Medical School with a serious sense of integrity, and later became a member of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea.That's okay, not even smoke.First remove some rotten flesh inside and outside the cheeks, and then help the wounds to be squeezed together, and then they are stitched open with sewing needles and threads.At that time, there was an operation, and a few good guys pressed it like killing a pig.It's not like sawing a leg, you can't snort even if you want to, and you have few teeth, and you can't clench your teeth if you want to, so you just hold back and stand up.

Also in the 1st Army, Li Chengcai, soldier No. 8 of the 1st Platoon, 9th Company, 1st Division, 3rd Regiment, was sent to the hospital with his right hand shot through by a bullet. The 6 wounded had only 1 plaster. Minister Park of the 6th Division of the 2nd Army was wounded on his left foot and was sent to a secret camp to be hospitalized. There was no doctor or medicine.Watching the wound fester and spread day by day, everyone "consulted" and agreed that the foot had to be amputated.Cui Tou, a veteran of the 8th Regiment and 4th Company in his sixties, found a saw, gestured for a while and shook his head.I don't know where to get a can box, and it took half a day to make a saw, and the "creaking" was sawed on, and the "crunching" was alive for more than two hours. Nowadays, there are special drug rehabilitation centers for detoxification.At that time, there was nothing to quit smoking. It just let you stay in a secret camp, stay away from drugs, and suffocate your resistance. If you suffocate your resistance, you will be considered a success.The so-called hospitalization of the wounded and sick mainly means that they are exempted from marching and fighting, and can recuperate and support them.Not to mention nutrition, anyway, it is enough to eat three full meals a day-this was before 1938. The old man Cao Shuyan, who had been the director of a garment factory for half a year, said that there were many folk remedies for serious illnesses, and there were many folk remedies for gunshot wounds.For example, pasting the flesh of old Japanese melon can stop bleeding and relieve pain, boiled and mashed the root of the root can heal wounds, and the bark of old squash is the best.There are plenty of these things on the mountain, and they can be boiled into a paste and pasted on.The cadres and soldiers of the company chewed the paste with their mouths, and they "zhagu" (healed) themselves lightly. The old people said that during the war at that time, the happiest thing was to get a good gun, and then there was medicine.When they entered a town, all the medicines in the hospitals and pharmacies of the Japanese puppets were confiscated, and the Chinese rushed to buy them with money. The main thing is to get local materials and rely on Chinese herbal medicines.At the beginning, few people knew each other, but later on, they went out to collect when they had time, and when they came back, they pounded and boiled, and became half a local doctor. On August 23, 1935, the "Letter from the First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army" stated: 2. When there is a shortage of doctors in the armed forces, there is only one of us who can make plaster. This plaster is sure to treat gunshot wounds, and the price is not expensive. When they need it, they can be sent to specialize in making plaster. In December 1934, "Comrade Zhang's Report to the Headquarters" stated: The second companion in the hospital is suffering to death. I am a doctor, a cook, and the head of the hospital. I sleep on the firewood pile at night. It really feels like a year. I don't know the name of the "second companion" who beat and kicked the hospital, and I don't know where the hospital is. From the content of the report, it seems to belong to the Hadong detachment.No matter which team it is from, readers can get a glimpse of what the hospital was like back then. The "machine house" in the secret camp is of course not only sewing machines, but also machines from the arsenal. Whether large or small, almost all armies have arsenals, and refurbished bullets are more common.It is to recast the primer and warhead for the cartridge case, and re-use it after charging.Many armies require officers and soldiers to collect bullet casings, not only those fired by themselves, but also those on the enemy's positions. Those who collect more will be rewarded. The arsenal of the 2nd Army was built the earliest, and it has its own characteristics, and can make "bombs". The Qixinglazi Arsenal founded by the 11th Army can manufacture machine guns. In the autumn of 1936, some unemployed workers from the former Fengtian Arsenal went to the Xiajiang area to find the Anti-Japanese Alliance, and wanted to use their skills to contribute to the Anti-Japanese War.Fengtian Arsenal is the largest ordnance enterprise in Northeast China. These are skilled industrial workers. The first batch of six people led by Communist Party member Hu Zhigang found an independent division in Jixian County.More than a month later, more than 20 people came one after another.Qi Zhizhong was overjoyed, this is simply a talent and treasure sent by God!Cui Zhenhuan, the director of the economic department, and Ye Wanhai, the head of the regiment, were sent to take charge of the preparation and protection of the arsenal, and the primeval forests in the Qixinglazi Mountains, a branch of Wanda Mountain, became lively. Hu Zhigang took people to Jiamusi to buy machines, and he took a fancy to a machine tool in an iron factory. Not only did he ask for money, he also had to have three shops for insurance.Now it's hard for people.Cong Shulin, Qi Zhizhong's guard, said that he had a friend who was an engraving worker, wouldn't it be enough to ask him to engrave the stamps of three companies?Do it immediately, and you will succeed immediately. Special steel is needed to make guns, and there are many steel rails piled up on the Changfatun Railway Station. A cavalry company rushed there overnight, a squad guarded, and the rest moved to the sledge.The enemy found out, and there was a fierce battle in the heavy snow, a battle to grab the rails.God help, it is winter, and the sledge is convenient, including the machine tool and other machinery and equipment, all of which are dead and dead, otherwise it would be really difficult to get into the Qixinglazi mountain. The machines in this "machine house" are not sewing machines, they can be moved with your feet, you need electricity.Just build a dam and use a water wheel to drive a generator to generate electricity.When the water source is insufficient, the car engine is used to burn kerosene to generate electricity. The first batch of products is 100 pieces of luzi, which are exactly the same in shape as luzi, but with a machine head like a box gun, which is called "Xiaoluzi".Soybean oil paint, black and bright, performance is also good. The second batch is a portable automatic submachine gun, which uses box gun bullets.It's just that the output is not high, only a few can be made in a month, and there are few bullets, so the trial production is successful and no production is carried out. Then a machine gun was created and equipped with the 11th Army. There are many beards in the Northeast, so there is a market for firearms, and the folk gun industry came into being.Get a gun to imitate, blacksmith furnace-style hand-made, one person, or father and son cooperation, the quality is greatly reduced.Many of the masters in other military arsenals are in this role, which is incomparable with the regular army of the 11th Army.If it works for a few more years, the role of this arsenal will be great. At the beginning of 1938, traitors appeared, and the Japanese and puppet troops entered the mountains to "crusade", and the arsenal suffered heavy losses.Afterwards, the enemy continued to invade, coupled with the return of the village and the merger of households, the situation of the arsenal became increasingly difficult. In February 1939, the enemy once again launched a large-scale "crusade". Except for 3 people who escaped by chance, all the workers, including Hu Zhigang, and the officers and soldiers guarding the factory were killed in battle. In 1936 (monthless day), "Liu Haitao's Report on the Situation in Manchuria" stated: "We plan to establish a military government, schools, small arsenals, and various equipment in it (in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains - the author). This mountain is where Japan knows , it is very difficult for him to attack, and it can also be said that he has to compete with the opposite house ("Dui House", also known as "Tang Zi Fang", "Dui Ying", that is, houses built by people who hunt and do various livelihoods in the mountains—— The author) and the Xueli people ("Xueli people" means the Daur people, the Oroqen people - the author) are united, and Japan will have no way to attack." At that time, many people thought that the mountains were absolutely safe.It should be said that this is still a groping stage, and the bearded old emperor's calendar is still turned over, the way of dealing with officials and soldiers in the era of cold weapons. The Anti-Japanese Alliance cannot do without secret camps, especially after the situation in the base areas is becoming more and more difficult, and even after being frantically wiped out by the enemy. The essence of the secret camp lies in the word "secret": the enemy doesn't know where you are, even if they know you are in the mountain, they can't find you. The old man Hu Zhenyi said that Guan Yi was in charge of the medical officer and also the culture teacher of the teaching team.When we met for the first time, he asked me what my name was. I said that I was called "Xiao Maizi" when I was at home, but now my name is Hu Zhenyi.He smiled, took a branch and wrote the three characters "Hu Zhenyi" on the ground, pointing to the character "Hu" first, and said that this is your surname. " is the ancient "Gu", "Yue" is the month of the moon, adding one piece is the "Hu" of the surname "Hu", "Hu Lai", and "Hu" of "nonsense".After talking about "hu", let's talk about "truth" and "one".Know yourself, and then know "revolution", "Communist Party", and "Marxism-Leninism". "Marxism and Leninism" are two people, "horse" is Marx, a German, "Lenin" is Lenin, a Soviet, and "ism" is what they say.Marxism-Leninism is the truth, and if we use Marxism-Leninism to guide the revolution, we will surely win. The old man Cao Shuyan said that at that time, there were literacy classes, political seminars, military seminars, economic seminars, free speech seminars, "Friends of the Soviet Union", health teams, and clubs in the company. The 7th military management club was called a dance team.The names of the various armies are different, and the content does not leave these.Political seminars only talk about instructors and highly educated people, and some company commanders can't say anything.After I become an instructor, I have to talk about what the Communist Party does, and to build socialism like the Soviet Union after defeating Japan. Socialism is a society where no one exploits or oppresses others, and everyone has food and clothing. , There are books to read.The military seminars and economic seminars became lively, and the big boss didn't turn corners in his speech, and that person didn't make much sense at that time.The literacy class is often active, there is no war, no enemy, get a board and hang it on the tree, write a few words, follow the teacher in your mouth, and draw on the ground with your hands.I couldn't afford to study at home, but I didn't expect to be able to learn culture after joining the army, so I was very motivated.There are also those who don't like to learn, especially when the battle is not well fought and the casualties are heavy, some people say that the breath may be gone tomorrow, what's the use of learning that stuff? Most of the armies have teaching teams (regiments), some of which are called "camp schools". They choose a village in the base area, sit on the north and south kangs in the fellow's home, and give lectures on military, political, and cultural lessons.As the situation worsened, "the number of those who were promoted, trained, and educated could not keep up with the number of those who sacrificed", and the urgency of training cadres became more prominent. After laying down the old cash drawer and controlling the Tangwang River Valley in the Xiaoxinganling Mountains, the 3rd Army and the 6th Army set up a coalition office and a weapon repair station in Chabaqi, a quilt factory, a hospital, and a warehouse in Maoershan, and a branch in the Tangwang River. A political and military cadre school was built on the banks of the Spring River. Several gray and black woodcut buildings are hidden in the vast forest.With a wooden door, a bark roof, and Datong shop opposite, each building can accommodate dozens of people, and it was originally used by workers who transported timber.This is the hometown of red pine and a paradise for animals.Those flying in the sky, running on the ground, swimming in the river, accompanied by towering ancient trees, grow wantonly in a primitive and wild state.In the early morning, the students practiced in the open space in front of the gate, the birds were singing and laughing all over the world, and the roe deer and sika deer were curiously poking their heads around the forest. Principal Zhao Shangzhi, Vice Principal Li Huatang, Director of Education Hou Qigang, two teachers Zhang De and Zhang Wenlian, the students are divided into three-month soldier classes and six-month officer classes. The former trains company platoon leaders, and many of the latter become teachers after graduation. head.Zhang De taught politics and military affairs, and Zhang Wenlian taught culture.Politics courses include "Modern Chinese History", "Social Development History", "Das Kapital" and so on. Military courses mainly focus on guerrilla tactics, and also include training in shooting, assassination, bombing, mountain climbing, swimming, and using terrain and features.The superintendent of education and teachers take turns attending classes for 8 hours a day, and sometimes cadres with high military theory and technical and tactical literacy are invited to give lectures, and there are two hours of discussions in the evening, and education on queues and discipline runs through daily life. Nowadays, the first lesson for recruits to join the army is basic knowledge and quality training for soldiers such as standing at attention, resting, and saluting.This is the ordinance.It didn't exist then.At that time, I took up a gun and went to the battlefield. I didn't have time to practice this, and the peasants were not used to it.Seeing the superiors not saluting, the company did not report, and the superiors didn't care, and felt that it was unnecessary to beat devils.This time, if you enter the political and military cadre school, you will be given a verbal warning, or you will be fined to stand at attention with your bare hands.No matter what job you are in, how many devils you have killed, how many prizes you have failed, from today's perspective, you will all learn from recruits. In January 1935, in "The Situation of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Struggle and the Development and Organization of the Anti-Japanese Troops", it was stated that "ninety-nine percent of the soldiers in the 1st Army were illiterate."Cadre school students from the 3rd Army, 6th Army, 9th Army, and 11th Army have a higher level of education and cannot be illiterate.And "Das Kapital" should be a university course.In extraordinary times and special circumstances, from illiterate to university, from soldier to company platoon leader, from company platoon leader to division commander, it's all done so quickly.From a farmer who doesn't know how to stand at attention, rest, salute, and turn left or right, to a soldier who picks up a gun and charges at the invaders, isn't it the same? One of the advantages of the guerrillas and the Anti-League is their familiarity with the terrain. The ditches and forks in the deep mountains and old forests are embedded with the footprints of farmers before joining the army.But when I left my hometown and went to a strange place, I couldn't find the north for a while.When maps were seized in the past, many people didn't know what they were and threw them away, or kept them in their pockets to wipe their butts.I studied military topography at the cadre school and knew how to understand and use maps. Some people patted their thighs and regretted it. At the same time, a telecommunications school was set up in the Balang River ditch. The principal and instructor Yu Baohe was born in Yitong County, Jilin Province in 1914. He graduated from Jilin Provincial No. 1 Middle School in 1933. He participated in the Anti-Japanese War in the same year and was sent to the Soviet Union to study radio at the end of the year.He is smart and hardworking. He graduated early and returned to China in only half a year. There are only nine students in the school, and the oldest is 19 years old. They are basically elementary school educated, which is already rare.Except for the three members of the independent division, all of them are party members.Mainly learn technology, electricity, electrical engineering principles and common sense of using radio, and then practice sending and receiving telegrams. The teaching equipment is seized radio machines.Three months later, according to Zhao Shangzhi's instructions, it was merged with the political and military cadre school, and the political and cultural courses were merged with the cadre school, and the focus was still on studying and reporting. By the autumn of 1937, the merged political and military cadre school had trained more than 100 military and political cadres. Establishing political and military cadre schools and telecommunications schools is undoubtedly far-sighted.From ordering Zhang Shouzhen to take down the old cash drawer at all costs, to running a school in the Tangwang Valley, it is impossible for Zhao Shangzhi, the fourth phase of Whampoa, not to think of the Whampoa Military Academy in the southern country.However, due to roughly the same reasons as the destruction of the Qixinglazi Arsenal, the school had to be closed after only a little over a year. The person who actually presided over the work of the political and military cadre school was Hou Qigang, the chief education officer. According to the analysis of "Hou Qigang's Appeal to the North Manchurian Temporary Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China" dated May 9, 1939, he was born in 1906 and seems to be from Gaiping County (now Gaizhou City), Fengtian Province. He went to Yingkou Provincial Fisheries School in 1919 Studying, in 1924 was admitted to Liaoyang Manchurian Commercial School, failed to agitate for a strike during the "May 30th" movement, dropped out of school and returned home, it is unknown when he joined the party.He served as director of the Political Department of the 3rd Army and 3rd Regiment, director of the Political Department of the 10th Army, and director of the Political Department of the 3rd Army and 3rd Division. Hou Qigang is a tall man with a slender face, big eyes and energetic voice, and a sonorous voice.When mentioning him, the old people say that he is smart, loves to read, has a theoretical level, and has a set of Marxism-Leninism. In the fourteen years of the Northeast Anti-Japanese War, from the Manchuria Provincial Committee to the 11 armies, who is the theorist of the Anti-Union War?Should Hou Qigang be counted as one?No one will admit it, but he does have a theory. With regard to guerrilla tactics, there are the following questions of principle— 1. Turn the whole into parts, turn the parts into wholes, and use the whole parts together; 2. When the enemy advances, we retreat, when the enemy retreats, we advance, use both advance and retreat; 3. When the enemy is moving, we are still; when the enemy is still, we are moving; use both stillness and movement; 4. When the enemy is violent, we hide, when the enemy hides, we are violent, and use both concealment and violence; 5. The enemy gathers and we disperse, the enemy disperses and we gather, and the dispersal and gathering are used together; Sixth, the enemy's town is our police, the enemy's police is our town, and the police town is used together; 7. The east hits the west, the west hits the east, and the east and west hit together; 8. Throwing the real with the false, throwing the false with the real, and throwing both the false and the real; 9. Set traps, go around in circles, and attack the enemy, the so-called taking advantage of the enemy's surprise, attacking the unprepared, knowing yourself and the enemy, and winning every battle; 10. Getting close to the masses, propagating the masses, organizing the masses, mobilizing the masses, and arming the masses are not tactics, but they are prerequisites for the use of tactics. This is the text in "Hou Qigang's Opinion Letter to Zhang Guangdi on the Strategic Line and Strategic and Tactic Issues of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Struggle" on December 8, 1938. In 1939 (no month or day), "XXX (the author withheld his name) and others to Hou Qigang" said: What we criticize you for writing is: the "big drum words" of guerrilla tactics and the "couplets" of guerrilla tactics are not the principles of guerrilla tactics. If our cadres humbly study the instructions given to us by their superiors on strategy and tactics, they will be sure to overcome the guerrilla movement in Northeast China. There is no need to put your set of "Dagu Ci" and "Couple" on top of the strategic and tactical principles designated by the central government. On April 1 of the same year, in the "Hou Qigang's Appeal to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Revocation of Work", he also proposed the theory of "separation from the original area", that is, from the area where the enemy has completed the construction of "group tribes": The enemy cannot cause us great difficulties simply by using guerrilla tactics or elite weapons. The main reason why the enemy causes us great difficulties is to shorten the defense line, isolate the people (destroy the small villages and return them to the big villages), arm the big villages and The result of the general blockade of the mountains and forests near the guerrilla areas combined with various methods.If I live in the mountains and forests, I will lack supplies, and if I enter Datun, I will not be able to live alone. The cavalry lacks fodder, and the troops are overworked. Areas that are too far away from the mountains (almost the same in Guitun area), not only in winter, but also in summer and autumn, present great difficulties during the "crusade" period of the enemy bandits.Of course, some large villages can sometimes obtain more or less material supplies, but when the reactionary momentum is rising and secret (secret) spies gather, it will be possible to solve it for a while, but it will be impossible to rely on long-term support.Therefore, I think that in this kind of area, unless it has special strategic significance and the absolute guarantee of special acquisition methods for supplies, it should be separated from the original area. Related to this is "There is no guerrilla zone in Manchuria for more than two years": Judging from theory and actual conditions, the enemy's reactionary methods are regular.The enemy's most powerful method is to destroy the guerrilla zone.In the autumn of 1935, we did it extensively once, in March 4th and 36th, we also did it partially, and last winter we did it again in Sanjiang Province. "There is no guerrilla zone in Manchuria for more than two years", I often say this is true.This kind of destruction, coupled with the relocation of households and residence permits and serious military attacks, resulted in the anti-Japanese troops either leaving the original area sooner or later, or disintegrating and collapsing. then what should we do?Expeditions, go to areas where the enemy ruled weak to open up new areas: I think that under the circumstances of Quanman and Sanjiang Province in 1938, the expedition was by no means an escape, but an active countermeasure of "retreating and attacking". There are quite a lot of treatises left by Hou Qigang, the above is just a brief description of the key points.For example, the expedition, the direction to go, the purpose, how to provide supplies along the way, whether the original area should be abandoned, etc., are all discussed in more detail and concretely. In addition, there are "theory of continuous guerrilla warfare", "The Little Khingan Mountains Great Plan", "The Sino-Japanese War (July 7th Incident) is not a major event, but the Japanese-Soviet War is a major event" and so on.Moreover, he almost always commented and advocated for various guidelines and policies in various periods he experienced, and few of them were not criticized and criticized.Especially after the "Opinion Paper" on the "Ten Principles of Guerrilla Tactics" quoted earlier, some people said that "he has forever entered the same mud pit as Trotsky and Bukharinists", "the Qigang line, It is these dangerous, corrupt, and criminal tendencies that will never be in the party." On April 12, 1939, Hou Qigang was dismissed from his post and expelled from the party. Hou Qigang was ill, known to be rheumatism and trigeminal neuralgia, some people said there were other diseases.What the old people talked about the most was that he was sometimes in a bad mood, looked crazy, and called himself "Oriental Stalin".He also said that when he was the director of the Political Department of the 10th Army, he proposed to abolish the "pictures with guns" and the orderly system, but was opposed and had to leave the 10th Army. In 1938 (no month or day), "Hou Qigang's Letter to Director Jin Concerning Funding, the Unification of Party Lines in Northern Manchuria and Jidong, and the Appointment and Removal of Cadres" stated: "My symptoms are bizarre and weird, and I can say anything. We all know that the enthusiasm for work has increased tenfold compared to before, the body does not feel bad, and I sleep for two or three hours a day, but the spirit is not bad." Zhao Shangzhi once wanted him to serve as the director of the Political Department of the Army, but he said no, I am not sure about the military.He never considered himself politically inept.In the "Opinion Letter" that was criticized as "Qigang Line", he said: "I take full responsibility for this letter, and it must be submitted to the Northern (Manchu) Provincial (Committee) and Military Political Department for review. I believe that Lowest is close to being infallible." Who have I underestimated over the years with an undeserved attitude?Who have I catered to?Except that I can't and don't need to tell people everything about my sex life, I can tell everything else, and I have told them all. All I want is to fulfill my political opinions. I never backed down once when I thought I was right. At present, I would rather be punished by the provincial party committee and retain Marxism-Leninism. Because otherwise, it is not only a betrayal of ideas, but also a deception of the organization. Hou Qigang was framed and hanged himself on the way to the customs to find the party organization. He was thirty-three or thirty-four years old at the time. As I will write later, there were several people in North Manchuria who were not convinced by the punishment they received. Some wanted to enter the customs to go to Yan'an to find the Party Central Committee, and some crossed the border to the Soviet Union to find the "CCP Central Committee", that is, the CCP's delegation to the Communist International.Among them, Hou Qigang's ending is the most tragic. High-spirited, conceited, unrestrained, arrogant, outspoken, sharp-edged, hard to get close to, feels repulsive.Some old people said that this person is a scholar, because of his bad mouth, and the bad mouth is also because of his nerdy attitude. In fact, this person is quite transparent and easy to get along with. When he was in the Hadong detachment, Hou Qigang opposed the unconditional return of guns to the public, but he did the opposite when he came to the 10th Army. "Knowing it is one thing, doing it is another thing. I am giving advice to you, comrade, but I am actually learning." This is a natural paragraph in his "Suggestions", no matter what it refers to, "Oriental Stalin "It is also not without self-knowledge. The right place is the political and military cadre school by the Yichun River, and that should be the happiest time in his life.He could have become a professor, scholar, and principal, but he did not have that kind of time and space, and the invaders would not watch him display his talents by the Yichun River.Fortunately, the direction and achievements of the cadre school are undeniable, and the actual head of the school also contributed a lot.But after the approval of the "Qi Gang Route", some of his lecture notes became targets. The only thing he has not been criticized, accused, or denied is that he fought devils during the War of Resistance. In the long winter in northern Manchuria, marching, fighting, camping, big houses and big kangs, many native young men became disabled. How did he, a sick child in southern Liaoning, survive?When a bizarre illness occurs, I only sleep for two or three hours a day, but my enthusiasm for work has doubled, so what is burning in my heart? Some old people said that some of Hou Qigang's theories were reasonable and were summed up from practice, and some people appreciated it at the time.Like the "continuous vertical and horizontal guerrilla theory", because of the imbalance of the enemy's rule, we can open up new areas in areas where the enemy's rule is weak, is it wrong?The so-called weakly governed areas are areas that have not yet been returned to the village.This insight is profound and instructive.But this person is too crazy, his speech is absolute, he looks down on people who are incompatible with each other, sometimes does not follow the organizational procedures, and even challenges Wang Ming and Kang Sheng's "central line". Isn't this asking for trouble? Hou Qigang said he was not sure about the military.Since the "Northern Conference", there have been many repetitions and debates on the line and policy. Who is sure about politics and policy?How many other things are mixed in it, and what kind of danger is contained in it?This patient and madman who loves to think about problems, "Oriental Stalin", a scholar, but so confident and stubborn about his mistakes, in the words of some old people, is "resentful", so his fate is doomed. No one can tell what kind of mental state Hou Qigang was before ending his life with a rope.No matter how lofty, conceited, and disobedient he is, and how passionate and vigorous he is when he picks up a pen, this weak and sick scholar is actually vulnerable to a single blow, but it also shows his blood, stamina and nobility. It will be written later that before and after how many people defected to the enemy and rebelled, it is too easy to put a hat on him at this time. When Professor Yu Baohe and his disciples were learning to send and receive newspapers, and the sound of "tick-tick" was singing along the Yichun River, the local party and anti-union traffic officers carrying letters and documents were in South Manchuria and East Manchuria. , Jidong, and Beiman's mountains and rivers trek. As the crystallization of scientific and technological civilization, telephone and telegraph have been enjoyed by human beings for a long time.Not to mention the Tuba Road, the Jiangxi Red Army countered the "encirclement and suppression", commanded in the field, and communicated with the front and rear, that's it.Not in the Northeast. From the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee to the Anti-Japanese Army, the instructions from the superiors and the reports from the subordinates were all delivered by manpower.It was after the spring of 1940 that there was a radio station, and the most important link between the various armies and route armies was this ancient and primitive method, running around towns, villages, deep mountains and old forests with a pair of feet, weaving lines of communication.When I wrote it on the paper, I called it "traffic officer", but it fell into my mouth as "running traffic", "delivering letters", "running the track", and "pull the road" ("pull the road" originally means guide, lead the way).There are also those who cross the border to the Soviet Union and contact the Communist International. They are called "international traffic officers" or "special traffic officers". At that time, the provincial party committee, the special committee, the central county party committee, the county party committee, and the army commander, division commander, and regimental commander were always surrounded by traffic officers. If there were any instructions, orders, or requests for instructions or reports, orally or in writing, they should be sent immediately. Send the trafficman out.However, during the 14 years of the Anti-Japanese War, no one can say exactly how many full-time and part-time traffic officers the Northeast Party and the Anti-Japanese Federation had. On January 20, 1940, "Overview of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces" stated: The 2nd Route Army "communication team of the general command headquarters, with 50 people". And look at some texts in the "Instruction Letter from the Jidong Special Committee of the Communist Party of China to the County Committees" dated December 2, 1935, and people today will have a general understanding of traffic officers. (1) There must be at least three special traffic officers for the county committee, one dedicated to running between the special committee and the county committee; one dedicated to running between the team and the county committee; Increase the number of traffic officers, a district committee traffic officer knows at most the relationship between two district committees).In addition, several alternate traffic officers should be prepared for temporary dispatch or replacement of traffic officers with problems.These traffic officers do not want them to know and know each other. (2) The management of traffic should not be directly managed by the person in charge of the county party committee, but a traffic station should be set up to manage traffic.There must be at least four people in the traffic station: one person is dedicated to managing the traffic officer of the special committee, one is dedicated to managing the traffic officer of the team, one is dedicated to managing the traffic (personnel) of the district committee, and the other is the station master.The webmaster has a direct relationship with the above three people (but don't want them to know and know each other).When the three people brought the documents directly from the traffic officer, they handed them over to the station master, and the station master handed them over to the comrades in charge of the county party committee.In this way, the comrades in charge of the county party committee, except for the station master, do not know the people who manage the traffic and the traffic staff. (3) To be a traffic officer, one should choose the most loyal, brave, hard-working comrades who are good at coping with the environment and have the spirit of resolute sacrifice. You should never just grab someone and call him a traffic officer.交通员的住址除管理交通人知道外，绝对不许（让）多人知道，而管理交通人的住址，除站长知道外也不许别人知道。交通站的工作员和交通员都不要参加任何群众工作和党的工作，他们作什么工作和到什么地方去，绝对不许别人知道。同时，也不叫他们知道许多的群众和党的关系。 前面第22章写过几笔的老交通员李升，人称“抗联之父”。 李升，1867年生于山东省德县（今德州市），1894年因家乡发大水闯关东，淘过金，种过地，打过零工，1915年到俄国修铁路，1919年回国在黑河跑邮政。1932年邮政马车被伪军拉去运军火，连走十几天，马累得走不动了，伪军就打。李升说别打了，哑巴畜生也是条命呀。伪军说打死活该。李升抄起块木板，照那伪军后脑勺就是一下，说打死你也活该。 敌人杀了他的妻子和两个儿子，一把火烧了他的家，他躲到汤原县鹤岗七号屯给人种地。冯仲云到这里发动群众，李升非常敬佩这位大先生的学问。唠起打日本，李升眼里冒出火星子，二话没说，就说你说让俺老头子干什么吧。 李升从小练武，身板硬实得小伙子似的，那也毕竟是六十五岁的人了。倘是有手好枪法，组织游击队时，上队对付几年，打死几个鬼子，也算有用之才。而冯仲云看重的是他走南闯北，眼界宽，路子熟，胆大心细，脑子活络，这就是个交通员的人才了。那时“交通”、“交通员”的概念，对许多人还挺陌生，可冯仲云是何等人物呀。 从此李升就到哈尔滨为满洲省委跑交通。不管什么时候，有任务拔脚就走，南满、东满、吉东、北满到处跑，跑得最多的是北满。有人说北满抗联活动的地方，没有他没去到的。省委干部下去调研、赴任，也常由他护送。像杨靖宇、张寿篯、赵一曼、冯仲云等人，他都送过。遇上敌人盘查，说你说这旮旯话，你儿子怎么是个南蛮子？他就说俺屋里的是个南蛮子，他是在那边长大的，这不就弄一口南蛮子话回来了吗？俺听着也别别扭扭的不得劲儿。 李升有个“百宝囊”，一个大帆布兜子，刀斧锯是必备的。冬天进山，晚上露营，砍锯些木头，用火镰点着了，好在那火堆旁睡觉。夏天也得弄堆火，防野兽，驱蚊子，不然冻不死，蚊子一夜也把血喝干了。还有个用桐油油过的布袋子，过河前吹胀了扎上，就成了“救生圈”。吃的当然少不了，通常是包米面大饼子，或是炒面，还有点儿盐。他好喝两口，身上挎着个用晒干的牛膀胱做的酒壶，走乏了，坐哪儿，拔掉那节包米骨子壶塞，仰脖咕咚几口。再掏出烟袋，吧嗒一袋老旱烟，就心满意足地继续跋涉。 当然最重要的还是文件。张寿篯曾说“交通线是我们的生命”，那文件就是交通员的生命。文件有的直接用墨水写，有的用米汤写，接到后用碘酒涂上，就显出茶褐色的字迹。后者对付宪兵、特务和有经验的敌人，有时也难。李升的衣服里外都是补丁，那时乡下人这种穿戴毫不奇怪，文件一般就缝在那补丁里。通常是藏在袖口里边和衣襟底下，这样情况危急时，便于拿出来毁掉。下雨、过河时，要提防着别弄湿了，晚上睡觉别让火烧了。 彭施鲁老人说，那时有种叫“拍纸簿”的信笺式本子，一张薄纸配张厚纸，专供复写用的，厚纸留作文件底稿，薄纸作为报告、请示送走。这种薄纸很有韧性，交通员把它捻成纸条，夹在麻坯里搓麻绳，当乌拉带用。比较而言，这是最安全的，当然只有冬天才能穿乌拉。 1937年8月26日，《宋一夫、周保中给王光宇并转二师师党委信》中说：“我军最近西去交通员均被敌人伏兵追捕，将一切重要信件文书均损坏，幸未被敌获去。” 李升跑交通8年，曾5次被捕，文件从未被敌人搜获。最后一次是1941年，敌人用尽酷刑，把竹签子扎进他的指甲。还把他拉到牡丹江边，看着把“犯人”填进冰窟窿里。他就说俺是个庄稼人，你们让俺说啥？他被判10年刑，“八一五”光复后出狱。 1940年秋，北满省委一个交通员被捕叛变，供出省委地址。敌人立即派出一支精干部队，由叛徒带路直奔省委驻地老金沟。 3路军总参谋长许亨植得知这个消息，已是几天后了。这时，他正率12支队在小兴安岭南部的臭松沟活动，老金沟在小兴安岭西坡，相距350公里。问题不在远近，而在于没人知道老金沟的具体位置，沿途道路也不熟。许亨植心急如焚之时，省委交通员于兰阁从老金沟送信来了。许亨植当即让炊事员倾其所有，给于兰阁做了顿“好嚼裹儿”，吃完后立即出发，限令他9天内必须返回省委。 于兰阁，吉林省桦川县（今属黑龙江省）人，1915年出生，1937年参加3军1师警卫旅，先后任宣传员、指导员和3军、省委交通员。从老金沟到臭松沟，通常得半个月，他来时用16天。这次回返，头3天硬是脚步没停，第4天傍黑时，也不知道怎么就倒在林子里睡着了，亏得下半夜下了场小雪，把他冻醒了。醒来一惊，赶紧继续前进，终于在第8天晚上，即连续奔波24天后，赶到了老金沟。 李升的手脚也冻伤过，但是没有落下残疾。曾任3军警卫团团长的姜立新，人称“姜秃手”、“姜秃爪子”，手指还剩几个，脚趾都没了，走路像小脚老太太似的。他是个熟悉地理的山林通，跑交通时在大山里冻坏的。 单立志在吉东省委、2路军总指挥部当过一年多交通员，就在完达山里跑，大都是一个人跑。找部队，去密营，有时是把文件放到个指定的地方，比如哪座山的一个什么样的砬子的什么地方，有个什么记号，下次放哪儿，再规定个记号。放好用石头压上，防止雨淋了，也不能让野猪什么的拱了。 老人说，“一出溜”（一个单程）200里，让你3天把信送到，就得昼夜兼程。开头有人带不觉怎么的，待到一个人在大山里走，真是胆突突的，特别是晚上。周围野牲口的眼睛鬼火似的，总觉得身后有脚步声，有双手要掐住你的脖子。后来无所谓了，累了，找个背风的地场，倒那儿就睡着了。其实呀，睡梦中就进了狼肚子里的事，也不一定没有。这个不害怕了，最可怕的就是麻达山了。那时完达山里都是原始森林，树干就算细的一个人也抱不过来，一根根电线杆子水泥柱子似的，地下寸草不生。冬天有阳光，夏天树叶遮挡着，响晴的天，里面也阴乎乎的。头两次麻达山，那是哭的心都有了。反正就是记住老交通员讲的，码着一个方向走到底。树干南边光溜，北边粗糙，还长青苔，晚上摸一把，大方向也不会错。这比指北针还好使，碰上哪儿有铁矿，指北针乱套了，反倒误事。 老人说，现在让我进完达山，也不带麻达山的，就是腿脚不行了。 每次出行，都是历险。 村屯乡镇，敌人盘查，稍有破绽，就出麻烦，更不用说被搜去文件了。后来敌人也摸到一些规律，在一些交通线上设卡捉人。还有胡子、砸孤丁、棒子手。山里野兽出没，就是被毒蛇咬一口，怎么走出那大山？生病了，大山里谁管？夏季山洪说来就来，冬天在那冰天雪地中跋涉，乏了，困了，打个盹，那人可能就永远醒不过来了。 县委跑区委的交通员，半天、一天就回来了。在部队跑交通，跑一趟几天、十几天、个把月是常事。赶上大雪封山，特别是山洪暴发，那就难说时间，能送到就不错了——有时是送到也晚了，没用了。 前面说过，像“1·26”指示信那样重要的文件，密山县委是一年后才收到的。 罗登贤派童长荣到东满工作，告诉他为了反日救国，你可以做任何事情。什么都等上级指示，黄瓜菜都凉了。 1940年5月20日，《张寿篯给王新林等同志信》中说：“一九三九年我们的交通关系最坏，五月份的信件由铁××十月底送到总部。” 而像李升那样，一个留着山羊胡子的七十二岁的老人（与我半个多世纪后，在干休所和乡间采访到的那些老人差不多），在1939年大雪纷纷的隆冬，独身一人从北满到南满去与1军取得联系，那几乎就是“风萧萧兮易水寒，壮士一去兮不复还”了。可这位“抗联之父”真就创造了奇迹，给人带来惊喜。而此前吉东、北满派出的人，不都失踪了吗？ 来往于吉东与北满、吉东与南满三个省委的，还有两个六十来岁的老交通员“老于头”和“老刘头”，都失踪了。 任何战争都有失踪人员。抗联当年没有“失踪人员”、“失踪者”的说法、字样。那时派出去的交通员，总也不见人影，就知道凶多吉少，就说“出事了”。除了被捕叛变的，没人知道他们出了什么事，烈士的遗骸在哪里。而本书能够道出姓名的，几乎都是幸存者。 可视为抗联通讯兵的交通员，失踪者是最多的。而由于他们特殊的工作性质、通讯方式，和恶劣的战争、自然环境，其中的无名烈士也是最多的。