Chapter 7 Chapter 6 Tragic East Manchuria

Although Yanbian is a part of Manchuria, it has various special conditions: 1. The power directly ruled by Japanese imperialism is stronger than that of China.2. Under the second-level domination of Minhui and Fenjia, which belonged to the Japanese territory.3. The number of Korean households is three times more than the sum of Chinese and Japanese households.4. The entire economy is under the domination of Japanese financial institutions.5. The influence of socialism is wider and deeper than other places, and the influence of the negative Three People's Principles can be said to be second to none in Eastern Province.6. Non-white Korean people have land ownership and so on.

The above is a natural paragraph at the beginning of "Pu X X's Report to the Provincial Party Committee" dated June 1, 1930. Today's Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is located in the east of Jilin Province, which was in the southeast back then.The so-called Dongman refers to the Yanbian area.Here is the hinterland of Changbai Mountain, with high mountains and dense forests, and steep terrain. It is adjacent to the Soviet Union in the east, Mudanjiang (now Heilongjiang) in the east of Jilin in the north, Jilin City in the west ("Yanji" means the extension of the ancient city of Jilin), and Tumen in the south. Jiang and North Korea face each other.After the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese invaders began to enter East Manchuria and continued to expand. They set up consulates, stationed military police, and enjoyed "extraterritoriality". Most of the factories and mines were operated by Japanese capital, and most of the land was bought by the Japanese. It was like a country within a country. , its rule is second only to the Dalian area known as "Kantong Prefecture".Historically, Dongman was the first area where Koreans crossed the border to seek a living in the Guandong. After Japan annexed Korea in 1910, there was an influx of refugees. After the "March 1st" Movement in North Korea in 1919, a large number of revolutionaries fled to Dongman, and this place became the center of anti-Japanese activities of North Korean patriots.In the words of the Japanese, it is "it is not too much to say that the Koreans in Jiandao, regardless of gender, age or age, no matter what occupation they are in, are not influenced by communist ideology."

In October 1933, in an article signed by "Hua Xili", "The Manchurian Incident and the Chinese Communist Party in Manchuria", commented on the Eastern Manchurian Party: Our party organization is the strongest in this area, occupying the first place in Manchuria.Our party once led the peasants' autumn grain distribution struggle in 1931 and 1932.There are 1,200 party members and 1,100 league members.There are a large number of mass organizations.However, whether it is a party organization or a mass organization, 95% of them are Korean comrades. At this time, there were 2,100 party members in the Northeast.

As mentioned earlier, after the "September 18th" Incident, the anti-Japanese movement of Communists in various parts of the Northeast was dominated by Korean (ethnic) people.However, because of "various special conditions" in East Manchuria, there are party members who account for more than half of the Northeast, and its anti-Japanese struggle has become more prominent, enthusiastic and violent. It's just that the road is too tortuous and the scene is too tragic. During the communist movement in Northeast China and the Anti-Japanese War, East Manchurian communists created many firsts, one of which was the establishment of county committees in all counties in East Manchuria in June 1930.

In May of the same year, students from No. 1 School of Helong County first took to the streets, distributing leaflets, opposing Japanese colonial education and the party-oriented education of the Kuomintang.Then, other schools and peasants also marched and demonstrated, went to the countryside to confiscate the landlord's grain and distribute it to the poor, burned the contract accounts of the landlord and usurer, and established the first Soviet regime in Northeast China in Yaoshuidong. On May 30th, to commemorate the 5th anniversary of the "May 30th" Movement, riots were held in various parts of East Manchuria. Tens of thousands of farmers in Yanji County alone participated.People marched and demonstrated in front of the Japanese consulate, poured into landlords' manors to open warehouses and seize grain, blew up the Tian (Laotougou) Tu (our) railway bridge, destroyed the Longjing Power Plant, burned the Japanese Police Station, Toyo Tuozhi Association and some running dog agencies, and Some lackeys were executed.

Although this method of struggle has dealt blows to the enemy, it also comes at a high cost.The Eastern Manchurian Party believed that riots should be organized throughout the Northeast so that Yanbian would no longer fight alone, and at the same time cooperate with the revolutionary war in the Pass and defend the Soviet Union with armed forces.When conditions permit, Soviet power will be formed even in the valleys. In the autumn of this year, under the influence of the Lisan line, the Yan (Ji) and (Long) central county committees once again called on peasants to stage riots and organized workers to strike on Tiantu Road.The angry crowd burned the landlord's manor and even killed the whole family of the lackey.The oppression is double, the resistance is double, and the suppression by the Japanese invaders and Feng faction warlords is also double bloody.The newly established red regime was destroyed, or existed in name only. More than 1,000 people were killed and arrested. More than 700 people were escorted by Japanese invaders to Seoul, North Korea (now Seoul, South Korea), and locked in Seodaemun Prison. The power of the full party has lost more than half.

After the "September 18th" Incident, the Eastern Manchurian Party formed the first Red Guerrilla in the Northeast, and at the same time established the first batch of Soviet regimes in the Northeast. On November 20, 1932, the Soviet government of Wangyugou District, Yanji County was established, with more than ten village Soviet governments under it.Soviet regimes in other counties were more or less born one after another. What was the Soviet regime like at this time? In the peasant movement, it not only skipped the current transitional stage and confiscated all the land of the landlord class, but also practiced "communal life", "common labor", "organized collective farms" and organized common "Workforce".Shouting slogans that are unheard of in the world: "Farmers work for eight hours", "Women for six hours", and "Youth for six hours", against the middle peasants, the struggle to distribute grain and land, even the grain and land of the middle and poor peasants were also distributed.Using "anti-grain" as an excuse to prohibit farmers' freedom to buy and sell commodities, and even confiscated farmers' grain.

This is a paragraph in the "Resolution of the First Enlarged Meeting of the Wangqing County Committee of the Communist Party of China" on June 9, 1933-of course, after accepting the "1.26" instruction letter and beginning to criticize the "Northern Conference", it is completely in a contrary way. The text describing the gaze. Before accepting the central line (before May or June this year), there were Soviets at that time. In Wangqing, there were Gayahe Soviets, in Wangqing and Wangqing, in Wangqing and Dawangqing, in Yanji, there were Wanwangou and Badaogou Soviets, and in Hunchun, there were Huanggou and Chimneylazi Soviets.At that time, under the confrontation between the so-called red areas and the white areas, the relationship with the people in the white areas was extremely bad. In the eyes of the Chinese, the Soviet was the old Goryeo government, which was against the Chinese.The people in the White Areas, especially the Chinese people, were deeply afraid that the Communist Party would come to kill people and set fire to them. They didn't have any good impression or understanding of the Soviets, and they were called "Big Brothers of the Soviets".But after accepting the central line, the evil influence has changed a lot.On the part of the masses, especially the Chinese and the Shanlin team, they shouted, "The new Communist Party is here!" "The Central Soviet sent people!" "The new line is what we have already said, and they will not do it." The people in the guerrilla areas were spared an untold amount of pain and terror, and the party's correct line was supported by a wide range of people.In the past, middle-aged people and people in the "white areas" did not dare to come to the guerrilla areas.But now there are a lot of people who are forced to move to the city by visiting groups (such as Wanwangou), and most of them move back. In the past, the white areas that were double terrorized (Japanese and Communist Party), especially the middle-aged people, got the way of new life.

The above is the text in the "Work Report of the Special Committee of the East Manchuria Party Committee of the Communist Party of China" on October 25 of the same year. Hit the local tyrants and divide the fields.At that time, it was believed that there were two types of landlords, one was those who surrendered openly, and the other was those who pretended to be patriotic and used anti-Japanese signs to carry out surrender activities.The landlord was overthrown, and he fled to the city quickly. The rich peasants also fled, and some middle peasants also fled.Like Wangyugou in Yanji County, more than half of the original 3,000 residents ran away.Anyone who likes to run can run away, and now it is the world of the poor, just in time for the construction of the Soviet.

Immediately realize socialism and abolish private property.Land, houses, livestock, grain, hoes, sickles, plows, etc., all belong to the public.Soon, even the pots and pans were taken away. With the large pot of rice in the collective cafeteria, these things are no longer needed at home.Collective eating, collective labor, and collective farms—someone has been to the Soviet Union and seen Soviet collective farms with their own eyes, and everything is learned from the Soviet Union.More people have seen it from documents and Marxist-Leninist works, and that does not prevent them from learning from the Soviet Union and following the road of socialism.

It's just that ordinary people really don't understand what this "Soviet" is all about.In the Korean language, "Soviet" is homonymous to "rapid-fire gun". The Gayahe representative who went to participate in the Soviet election in the district thought that he could fire a few rapid-fire guns at this meeting and came back to fight the Japanese.The Han people don't understand the "Soviet" and call it "Big Brother Soviet", and the Korean (ethnic) people also think that the "Soviet" is a person, saying, "The high-ranking official named 'Soviet' is coming, what 'chewy wrap' should we treat the guests?" ah"? There were promotional materials at that time, "What is a Soviet", "What is Gorhezi (Korean "collective farm"-the author)", "What is Gomuna (Korean "community"-the author)", the whole article Loan words, new nouns.Some Soviet cadres spoke so dryly that they confused themselves. Before, especially during the Red May each year, an important slogan from the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee to Party organizations at all levels was to require an 8-hour working day.This time, the Soviets were established and implemented immediately, and women and youth were still 6 hours old.The problem is not only that the solar term does not wait for others, and the sun is shining on the buttocks, but also that there are more and more professional revolutionaries, and they give encouragement and advocacy, thinking that this is a sign of a good situation.Some young people don't participate in labor, but "revolution" from one village to another, riding horses brought by local tyrants. The scene is more chic and romantic than traveling in a private car today.Those who work for 8 hours or 6 hours naturally have an opinion: "After the establishment of the Soviets, the same people who worked hard before are still working hard." While turning many hard-working and simple farmers into idlers, this utopia created with only enthusiasm and ideals went bankrupt. After the establishment of the Soviets, the red territory and those outside the red zone became the white territory and the white zone. Commodity transactions are prohibited, let alone trade with the white areas.Seeing that the land was barren and more and more people were eating for free, some people hid in the deep mountains and old forests to open up wasteland and farm land, and some went to the white areas to visit relatives and friends, anyway, just to survive without hunger.At the beginning, it was regarded as "betrayal" and "surrender", and then it was acquiesced, and then it was allowed to do business and trade.In the past, when merchants passed through the red zone, their goods would be confiscated, but this time it was changed to taxation.Call on and encourage farmers to hunt yellow-skinned seeds, roe deer, and pheasants, collect fungus, medicinal materials and other mountain products, and sell them in the white areas. The most fundamental thing is to break the big pot and implement the principle that those who do not work will not eat. The following is a passage from the "Work Plan of the Eastern Manchurian Special Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Autumn Harvest Movement" dated August 20, 1933: Fundamentally eliminate "communal labor" and "common life", put forward the slogan: "Whoever planted the land, whoever harvests the grain will belong to him!" Fundamentally eliminate the phenomenon of vagrants eating free food, each individual, each family, and each organization put forward the slogan: "Idlers will not be spared." Serve meals!" The desperadoes each find other people to help them with work, and the working conditions are freely regulated.As for individual peasants freely exchanging with each other to help them recover land, that is not "common labor" and should not be prohibited.The Youth League and the Young Pioneers must hold serious discussions at their own meetings, fight mercilessly against those who do not work, and mobilize every member of the League and Young Pioneers to participate in the autumn harvest.Those who do not work should be considered a disgrace to the regiment and the youth masses. The Soviet Red Land is a thorn in the side and a thorn in the flesh of the Japanese invaders, and it must be removed quickly. A guerrilla, as the name suggests, is to swim and move, and to attack the enemy while swimming.The Yanji guerrillas, the first red guerrillas on the black land, and the Helong, Wangqing, and Hunchun guerrillas wanted to "defend the enemy from outside the country" and stick to the red zone without giving up an inch of ground. "Stick to the Soviet area!" "Stick to the Soviet with the red flag flying!" This is the slogan in the "Commemorative Letter of the Hunchun County Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Working People in China and South Korea for the "May 1" Commemoration on May 1, 1933—and the same is true for other county committees. According to the "History of the First Military Strategy of the Anti-Union Army" written in the Soviet Union in 1942, from the summer to the autumn and winter of 1932, the Japanese and puppet people burned houses and killed people when they saw them in the areas where the Communist Party of East Manchuria was active. More than 4,000 people were massacred.At the time of implementing the spirit of the Northern Conference, the East Manchurian Party chose some villages with a good mass base to establish a Soviet regime. It was not only to implement the instructions of the Central Committee and the Provincial Party Committee, but also wanted to establish a few solid bases to protect itself with armed forces so that the masses would not be affected. was massacred.The enemy is coming, but the guerrillas are gone. Isn't this running away?Regardless of the people's life or death, what kind of people's armed forces is this? Moreover, "armed defense of the Soviet Union" has been shouted for many years. If you can't even protect your own Soviet, how can you defend the Soviet Union? No matter how fanatical, unrealistic, eccentric or pathetic these Communists are, they are devout fighters with lofty ideals and fearless dedication. The defense of the Soviet area started in all counties. The number of troops was outnumbered, and the quality of equipment varied greatly. The Japanese army also dispatched planes to strafing at low altitude.The guerrillas don't even have machine guns, the best are rifles, most of which are shotguns and earthen artillery.The advantage of guerrillas is that they are familiar with the terrain, and the enemy is clear and we are dark.The scouts reported that the enemy was coming, whether it was the Japanese or the "surrendering army" (the puppet army was called the "surrendering army" in Eastern Manchuria, the "traitor army" in northern Manchuria, and the "running dog army" in southern Manchuria), how many people, The guerrillas chose a good terrain and waited.Seeing the enemy approaching, they opened fire after tens of meters, or even more than ten meters, and the grenades fell down.If it was a puppet army, they would basically run away and retreat after such a bombardment.Even if they don't retreat, they won't have much energy to attack again, and the Soviet area is almost saved.If it is a devil, after a while of chaos, the shells will fly over, and the devil will rush up.The guerrillas fought when they could, and if they couldn't fight, they left a few people to cover, and the main force withdrew. After the establishment of the Soviet, arsenals, clothing factories, and printing factories were set up in various places. The Hunchun County Party Committee also built an "electric light factory" in the valley, that is, a power plant.The people's world is over, and of course the people have to live a good life. Some people wish they could step into communism one step at a time. Naturally, the "Lamp Factory" was nothing but the grenades manufactured by the arsenal, but they played a role. In the summer of 1932, for more than 200 days, the puppet army prepared to attack and encircle the Xiaowangqing base area.After the guerrillas withstood the enemy and covered the safe transfer of the masses, two more members were left to cover the retreat of the main force.The two team members were very good at marksmanship. They hid in the bushes. When they found the devils, they would not fight the puppet army.The guerrillas in East Manchuria wore blue-gray clothing (some Soviet areas also required ordinary people to wear military uniforms), which was similar in color to the puppet army.This team member shot one shot, that shot, waited until it was dark, and slipped out from the direction surrounded by the puppet army. The guerrillas dealt with and fought with the enemy every day, the base areas became smaller and smaller, and food became more and more difficult.When the enemy comes, fire a shot or throw a grenade to call the police, and the common people swarm up the hill, while the guerrillas desperately resist the enemy. It was supposed to be the masses of the people who supported and helped the guerrillas to fight, but now it is just the opposite. The masses have become a burden and drag on the guerrillas, and the enemy is so powerful. In summer, when it rained heavily, the guerrillas and the masses hid in the mountains, drenched one by one.A year ago, the Panshi Party and guerrillas were driven into the mountains by the enemy and became the "Mountain Forest Party" and "Mountain Forest Team".Now, Dongman has survived summer and autumn and then winter, and the common people have to run to the mountains at every turn to live a life in the mountains and forests.The casualties in the battle were not large, but in the ice and snow, many team members and the masses were still wearing single clothes, suffering from hunger and cold, and some wounded, old people, and children froze to death. Wanwangou in Yanji County has a dangerous terrain, easy to defend and difficult to attack. It is known as "the three eastern provinces that are easy to fight, and the Wanwangou that is difficult to fight". It was also lost this winter. The Hunchun guerrillas ran out of ammunition and food, and retreated to the Soviet Union. Throughout the past period, the Wangqing County Party Committee did not realize that the rulers of Manchuria had replaced the Kuomintang by Japanese imperialism and its puppet "Manchukuo", but equated the rule of the Kuomintang with the rule of Japan (for example, it recognized the area of ​​the National Salvation Army as a white area) . This is a natural paragraph in the "Resolution of the First Enlarged Meeting of the Wangqing County Committee of the Communist Party of China" on June 9, 1933-of course, the Wangqing County Committee is not the only one who knows this way. No one said that without Wang Delin's National Salvation Army, there would not be the 4th and 5th Armies of the Anti-Union Alliance.Among the generals of the Northeast Volunteer Army, Wang Delin was also the most tolerant towards the Communists, but the Eastern Manchurian Party still put forward the slogan "Down with Wang Delin", and regarded the National Salvation Army as the Kuomintang, while the Mountain Forest Team was a useless beard.The National Salvation Army was raised in East Manchuria, and has a vast influence in East Manchuria.After Wang Delin crossed the border to the Soviet Union, the Yu Department was still an important anti-Japanese force in East Manchuria, and many mountain and forest teams were also fighting against the Japanese and puppet troops.With the National Salvation Army and the Mountain Forest Squad as the enemy, the guerrillas still have to deal with such opponents in the counter "crusade". Is there still a fight in the defense of the Soviet area? There was a pseudo-self-defense regiment in Laotougou, Yanji County. The county committee sent people to organize a mutiny, pulled out the team, and grew to more than 3,000 people in a few months.When it comes to beating the Japanese, the head of the regiment has nothing to say, just call it what you want, otherwise you won't mutiny.But it’s not enough to turn against the sun, you have to turn the team into the Red Army, and you have to establish Soviets in the garrison. For the forestry team and other armed forces, the East Manchurian Party has a "three disarms": "(1) Anyone who eats the common people's food in the mountains and forests and does not come out to fight. (2) Pays for donations and kidnapping tickets to the common people. (3) No Those who joined the People's Revolutionary Army and the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army." Harming the common people must be opposed, but this is only one aspect of things, and their existence itself is a threat to the Japanese and puppets.They feel that the team is too small to fight, so why not join forces and lead them to destroy the enemy and seize supplies from the enemy?Few of these armed forces agreed to both attack Japan and carry out the agrarian revolution, not to mention that they did not have the power to coerce them to make a revolution together, so how could they all be disarmed? Make enemies everywhere, besieged on all sides. This was not enough, and the "Minsheng Corps" was seized internally, and their own people killed their own people. Regarding the topic of "Minshengdan", we must start from the beginning, because it is too confusing-this kind of thing is inherently difficult to understand. There is a Jiazi club in Seoul, and the director of the club, Cao Bingxiang, is a pro-Japanese politician. After the "September 18th" Incident, Cao Byung-sang, Park Seok-yoon, vice president of "Daily News", and "nationalists" Lee In-sun, Kim Dong-han and others went to Northeast China to advocate "Jiandao Korean autonomy."There are "Korean People's Association", "Yanbian Self-government Promotion Association", and "Confucian Church" in the Yanbian area. Cao Bing and others joined forces among them to form the "Minshengtuan" with the purpose of being pro-Japanese and anti-communist. On February 5, 1932, with the consent of the Japanese Consulate General in Yanbian, the founding meeting of the "Minshengtuan" was held in Longjing. The "Minshengtuan" publicized its pro-Japanese and anti-communist publicity, organized training courses to train key personnel, and established grassroots organizations.When it was established, it was approved by the Japanese, and the retired chief was the head of the regiment. Why is it so short-lived? As mentioned earlier, the "Korean People's Association", also known as the "Baminhui", is a pro-Japanese and anti-communist group. The "Yanbian Autonomy Promotion Association" has a nationalist and anti-Japanese tendency, and the "Confucian Church" is a religious group.Such three organizations seem to be a bit unable to urinate in one pot.Park Xiyin, Lee In-sun, Kim Dong-han, etc., do they really have some Korean bones, or are they Korean traitors under the sign of "nationalism"? I don't know if it is possible to trace the ancestors of the pro-Japanese faction in South Korea 73 years later. What is the conclusion, the Japanese must have been clear back then. Was the establishment and disbandment of the "Minshengtuan" a conspiracy from the very beginning, or was it just a matter of whim?The author has not seen the relevant materials, and has no way to interview them, so I cannot speak nonsense.However, it is certain that the Japanese invaders known as the "Devils" did not stop after they were disbanded, but deliberately changed their methods to make a big fuss and achieved rich results. During the spring famine struggle in 1932, that is to say, the Red May "snatching grain and distributing the grain to eat the big households" mentioned above, the East Manchuria Special Committee exposed and attacked the "Minshengtuan", and there was no problem at this time.The disaster originated from the later "Old Man Song Incident". Song Laotou is the secretary of the Laotougou District Committee of Yanji County.It is said that old man Song is in his forties, with an old face, and the revolutionaries at that time were relatively young, so he became "Old Song".In August of this year, old man Song was arrested by the Japanese gendarmerie in Laotougou, and fled back a week later.This must be examined to find out whether it was the Japanese who released it or escaped by themselves, and whether there was any act of betrayal.During the review period, a Japanese military policeman was caught and confessed that old man Song was a spy sent back by the military police.I don't know if it was the result of the induced confession, or the devil's nonsense, or even the enemy's premeditated plan, anyway, it's terrible.The county party committee arrested old man Song, and under severe torture, old man Song said that he organized the "Minsheng Mission" and confessed more than 20 subordinates and accomplices.The Yanji County Party Committee started to arrest people and launched a struggle against the "Minshengtuan" on the front line. In March 1933, Jin Shengdao, head of the Eastern Manchuria Special Committee, went to Helong County for inspection. He believed that Li Huachun, the head of the Pinggang District Farmers Association, was a "Minshengtuan" and executed him after interrogation.Subsequently, a five-member "Liquidation Committee" was established-this was the first organization in Dongman to be responsible for the struggle against the "Minsaengdan" and had the power of life and death. On October 25 of the same year, the "Report on the Work of the Special Committee of the Eastern Manchurian Party Committee of the Communist Party of China" stated: Helong was inspected by Jin Shengdao, and within two or three months after his visit, dozens of people from the Minsheng Mission were killed. At the same time as Jin Shengdao massacred the "Minshengtuan" in Helong County, the Dongman special committee held a meeting with the cadres of the Wangqing guerrilla to study the anti-"crusade" plan. After the meeting, they found that the enemy was prepared, so they suspected that there were spies in the team.After narrowing down the scope and re-studying, it was found that the enemy was still prepared, so he decided that Jin Mingjun, the military minister of the county party committee, was a hidden "Minsheng Corps" and dismissed him for review.During the review period, Kim Myung-gyun and his wife ran away.While the special committee was shocked, it became more and more serious that the problem was serious. The struggle against the "Minsaengdan" quickly spread to the whole of East Manchuria, and even some other areas. On October 7, the "Work Report of the East Manchurian Special Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China" stated: The Minsheng Corps has 1,200 to 1,500 members in Yanji County. On March 17, 1935, "Hu Ren's Letter to the Ning'an County Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Party Committee of the Fifth Army" stated: The East Manchuria People’s Livelihood Corps is a special product, and its organizational development is also a special situation. Its development situation is completely counter-revolutionary by coercion, intimidation, deception, rumors, slander, slander, and spreading pessimism and disappointment... developed in.They have played a sabotage and counter-revolutionary role in our Party, League, People's Revolutionary Army, mass organizations, guerrilla areas, and all our work plans. Their transportation relations and our inspection system are used by them to carry out inspections and arrange counter-revolutionary work.So our special committees are their special committees, and our county committees, district committees, and branches are their county committees, district committees, and branches.This is absolutely conducive to their development conditions.We estimate that there are five to six tenths of the Minsheng Corps in Eastern Manchuria, whether in the party group, the People's Revolutionary Army, or various mass organizations. The above creepy figures and descriptions are completely illusory. The real thing is that these people labeled as "Minshengdan" are all Korean (ethnic) comrades. This is not without historical origin. Korean revolutionaries with an earlier history of subjugation and resistance have numerous factions and factions.In the words of "The History of the First Route Military Strategy of the Anti-Union Alliance", it is "unprincipled factional struggles among various groups within oneself, self-mutilation of flesh and blood, and repeated heavy losses. Many outstanding revolutionaries were reported by the enemy. sacrifice". In 1926, the Manchurian General Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea was established, which unified the ML faction, the Huyaohui faction, the Seoul faction, and the Irkutsk faction. The factional struggles continued, and it split into the Manchurian General Bureau of the ML faction, the Huyaohui faction, and the Irkutsk faction. , as well as the Shanghai faction, the Seoul faction, and the three factions, including the Manchurian Korean Communist League, are fighting endlessly. In 1928, the Comintern withdrew its recognition of the Manchurian General Bureau of the Korean Communist Party. According to the principle of one country, one party, some members of the former Korean Communist Party joined the Chinese Communist Party in their own names in 1930. In October 1930, "The Meeting Minutes of the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China - Issues Concerning Politics, Party Affairs, Mass Movement, Peasant Movement, Anti-Imperialist Movement, and Ethnic Minorities" stated: The problem of the Koryo Party - unprincipled factional struggle, there are three factions, and some factions have a history of ten years.Most of the constituents are poor peasants, but most of the leaders are intellectuals.These people came from South Korea, and Nanman is full of ML faction.Furthermore, the Huoyao faction and the Beijing faction have a good foundation.Our method is to recognize them as a communist group, and they join the Chinese Party individually, and the conditions are very strict.Main points: 1. To participate in the Chinese and Korean revolutions. 2. Regardless of their affiliation, lower-level party members can join as long as they agree with and implement the policies of the Chinese Communist Party, while upper-level members have a waiting period. 3. If you find a faction after joining, it will be issued, but you will not fight against the faction.Now the Huoyao faction has been disbanded.We introduce party members to build on the basis of the masses.There are more than 700 comrades in the Yanji area, and their actions are consistent.Qingyuan and Liuhe are places where MLs are concentrated, and the masses are very enthusiastic about participating in the Chinese revolution and fighting against imperialism.We also regard these two conditions as the main conditions for joining the party. The connection between the work in Manchuria and the work in Korea is very important. The North Korean communists joined the Communist Party of China, which suddenly strengthened the Northeast Party.However, it is impossible to eliminate faction disputes over the years.The struggle against the "Minsaengdan" was more or less free from factionalism, especially in the early stages, and the Manchurian Provincial Committee led all this further astray. On October 1, 1934, "The Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China's Struggle Against the Minshengtuan Letter to the East Manchuria Special Committee, the People's Revolutionary Army and All Comrades" stated: Due to the active activities of the Minsheng Corps, a spy of the Japanese emperor in East Manchuria, the Provincial Party Committee believes that the struggle against the spies of the Minsheng Corps is a very serious problem in the current work of the East Manchurian Party. In your long-term struggle against the Minsaengdan, you did not step up the opposition struggle at all, which disarmed the opposition. This means that you cannot completely oppose the Minsaengdan. You must be very clear. Understand, and must always remember this truth, that there is no unprincipled and generally anti-international line of small organized struggles that have not been exploited and instigated by detectives, Japanese bandits using the activities of faction factions and directly or indirectly through faction elements It is not surprising that Guan Guan introduced the Minsheng Corps into the party organization.Therefore, the anti-Minsaengdan struggle is inseparable from the opposition struggle. From the provincial party committee to the special committee, when the anti-"Minshengdan" and the villains' struggles are in full swing, let's listen to what the Japanese devils said: In this work, the most successful thing is to publicize that "Minshengtuan members have sneaked into the Communist Party", causing abnormal fluctuations in the Communist Party and making it purge the party. He fell into the trick of the devil. At the same time, they publicized "Korea Communist Party killing Chinese people" and "Chinese Communist Party killing Korean Communist Party". The "Minshengtuan" is a spy for the Japanese invaders to break into the revolutionary ranks.This should be the definition of "Minsaengdan".Jin Shengdao's hunting and killing of Li Huachun met this definition, although it was only a suspicion.Jin Mingjun was also confirmed by suspicion, and when he ran away with his wife, it could only be further confirmed.As for Park Dounan, the political commissar of the 3rd Battalion of the Hunchun Guerrilla, he was expelled from the party on the grounds of "factional disputes". When he was about to designate him again as a "member of the Minsheng Corps", he shot to death the inspector of the provincial party committee Pan Qingyou with a rifle, and fled with his wife. It was true, and later defected to the enemy again. This hat is a certainty and no one escapes. Confirmation based on suspicion, confirmation but not confession, will be severely tortured.Iron-mouthed and steel-toothed people just don't admit it, some were beaten to death, and some were executed.If you are tortured but you admit it, the "Minsheng Corps" can't just say you are alone, you can just tell who your superiors, peers, and subordinates are, just tell and arrest.Just like grapes, if you touch one, you can almost pull out a bunch. On October 25, 1933, the "Report on the Work of the Special Committee of the Eastern Manchurian Party Committee of the Communist Party of China" stated: As for the Minshengtuan, they tortured and killed them immediately after they were caught.Biting others indiscriminately during torture is also killing. The dead are not all from the Minsheng Corps, but some are the best comrades!As a result, the masses were terrified, and no one knew whether they would live or die tomorrow.The guerrillas of the party and regiment became more and more powerful, and they were extremely cautious in every move. They killed hundreds of people.Maybe I execute or interrogate others today, and tomorrow I may be executed by another person to kill me! A typical example is Jin Shengdao, who was arrested by the "Minsaengdan" and bit him. He was "confessed to be the leader of the Minsaengdan".This is not bad!The Eastern Manchuria Special Committee did not easily move him, but secretly monitored and stabilized the "Minshengtuan leader" first.After being arrested, "he is one of ten thousand people who does not admit his mistakes, but cannot believe them" and was executed. Li Xiangmo, who replaced Jin Shengdao as the head of the special committee organization, went to Hunchun County to inspect work and labeled more than 60 people, including the main leading cadres in the county, as "Minshengtuan". . One of the motivations for some people to actively hunt down the "Minsaengdan" is to show that they are not the "Minsaengdan". The creation of the Red Army and the failure of the Soviet, some people raised different opinions, or complained a little, that is the "Minsaengdan".This is the initial situation, and then there are all kinds of things and all kinds of surprises.The cooks made the rice stuffed raw, or there was sand in the rice, so they became the "Minshengtuan"; some team members were sick and couldn't march and fight, and they were the "Minshengtuan"; some people sighed and said they didn't know what our family was like Those who quarrel, steal things, and make mistakes in the relationship between men and women are also "Minshengtuan". As for the guns that go off in normal times and make noises when they sneak attack the enemy, that is to inform the enemy, and of course it is the "Minshengtuan". Dozens of members of the children's regiment were also detained at the rear base in Ma'anshan. They were all children in their teens. They were all members of the "Minshengtuan". A cadre of the Helong County Party Committee nicknamed "Gao Tiao" was captured by the enemy.At the same time, more than 30 people were beheaded. When they got to him, the knife might have been blunt, and the executioner was tired. Anyway, they didn’t kill them.I do not know how long it took to wake up from a coma, climbed more than 30 kilometers of mountain roads, returned to the base of Yulang Village, and was dragged to the execution ground again.It is said that he is the "Minsheng Corps" and his head was not chopped off. It is a bitter trick made by the enemy in order to win the trust of the revolution and hide deeper in the revolutionary ranks. On June 17, 1935, in the "Report of the Special Committee of the Eastern Manchurian Party and Youth League of the Communist Party of China on the Anti-Minsaengtuan", it stated that "we have not found any documents from the Minshengtuan until now." There are only oral statements and no documents, because there is no "Minsheng Corps".If, on the contrary, this makes people feel the mystery and terror of the "Minshengdan" even more, and they are more determined to eliminate the counter-revolutionaries, and they want to dig out the evidence-based political program and organizational system of the "Minshengdan". The regiment ran to the Japanese emperor and was killed, or did not dare to surrender, what is the reason?" The "Minsheng Corps" continued to go to other base areas and guerrillas.The one from Dongman went to Jidong to find Zhou Baozhong, and the one from Tang Yuan went to Hadong to find Zhao Shangzhi. They were all protected and taken in after review. From now on, all those who participated in the Minsheng Corps will be expelled after they are discovered, regardless of whether they admit it or not (“self-submission” means self-confession, confession, confession—the author). ""If you don't completely surrender yourself, you still have to continue your work. After going through the mass line, you will be executed by shooting (leaders are not included). ""After the first release, if he still continues his role, he will be arrested immediately and put in prison. He still hopes to completely surrender himself, and if he does not surrender, he will be executed by shooting." ""After the second release, I still have to do it, and I will be executed unconditionally." ""After the People's Livelihood Corps found out, those below the district committee ordered him to serve himself, and those above the district committee were executed unconditionally After the investigation, regardless of the number of times and leaders, they will be executed by shooting). The above is excerpted from the "Report of the Special Commissioner Zhong of the Provincial Committee of the Youth League on the Anti-Japanese Struggle in East Manchuria" on December 4, 1934. The following is the "Inspector Jidong (Wu) of the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Special Committee of East Manchuria" on February 10, 1935 A passage from the letter: A certain comrade estimated that six to seven tenths of the guerrilla (strike) areas are the Minsheng Corps, which is an exaggerated estimate.If the vast majority of the people in the guerrilla areas were the Minsheng Corps, then these guerrilla areas would have been wiped out by Japan long ago.In my opinion, there are a few members of the Minsheng Corps among the masses in the guerrilla areas and in the People's Revolutionary Army, but the basic masses are on the anti-Japanese front. Dongman is the birthplace of the "Minshengtuan" and the hardest-hit area. Naturally, the Provincial Party Committee attaches great importance to it, sending people to make inspections, and the struggle against the "Minshengdan" has continued to intensify.It was not until Wu Ping, an inspector sent by the Provincial Party Committee to Jidong, wrote this letter to the Dongman Special Committee, and under the firm opposition and resistance of Kim Il Sung and others, the struggle against the "Minsaengdan" in Dongman was restrained. and gradually subsided. 但是，没有人认为反“民生团”斗争搞错了，而只是说“扩大化”了。 就在东北共产党人大抓“民生团”的同时，关内一些苏区也在“肃反”。红4方面军25军82师师长江求顺，被打成“改组派”。此人军政双全，威望极高，全师官兵跪下一片，求情，哭啊。那也不行，非杀不可。大刀举起来了，这个参军前的大别山长工，高呼“革命万岁”、“共产党万岁”。 给领导提点儿意见，发句牢骚，说句怪话，丢个枪零件，都可能成为“反革命”。几个人在一起吃顿饭，就成了“吃喝委员会”，就是“反革命”。还有“排队肃反”。官兵排成队伍，佩戴绿色领章的特派员（除特派员外都是红色的）在队列间走动，察言观色，逐个端详。谁哆嗦一下，或是眼色被视可疑，十有八九那就是了。还有什么“改组派”、“第三党”、“AB团”，大都穷苦人出身，哪懂这些名词、花样呀？知识分子就更惨了，据说整个红4方面军戴眼镜的，就剩了个12师政委（1955年被授予上将军衔的傅钟）。 1936年1月20日，《东北人民革命军第二军、反日联合军第五军党委特别会议记录》（第二份）中说： 若无十一月扩大会议以后的极坚决的展开了反民生团的斗争，那么我们可以估计到日本帝国主义极阴险的“恶毒素”，经过民生团的反革命作用，终于把东满党和人民革命军侵蚀崩溃，像AB团一样，企图断送中国红四军团那样相同的危险性。 东北被捕杀的“民生团”为2000人左右，其中大多数是在东满捕杀的，有人认为应不少于1500人。 1933年末统计，东北共有党员2500人。1945年日本投降时，东北抗联教导旅的官兵不到1000人。这不到1000人并非都是党员，被捕杀的“民生团”也不都是党员（军队、地方的党员、团员及群众各为多少人，无从查考）。但是，比之这两个数字，2000人左右是个什么数字，在东北抗战中是种什么样的力量，会发挥什么样的作用，就是再不识数的人也心中有数的。 1933年11月24日，《何成湘关于最近满洲工作的报告》中说： 干部的恐慌是满洲党组织上一个严重的现象，因为干部的极端缺乏，障碍了整个工作的发展，例如许多的义勇军需要我们派人而无人派去，许多地方党部（如吉东局这样重要的组织）仅仅是个人包办，现在从省委一直到地方党部的组织都不健全，主要原因也是由于干部的缺乏，由于满洲过去工作没有大的开展以及教育的缺乏，新的干部不能源源产生，现在比较负责的同志大多数是从外面去的，当地有经验的坚强干部确实非常之少，大胆的提拔干部虽然在积极进行，但是仍然无法解决目前的困难，不能应付目前的紧急需要。 一方面是干部极端缺乏，不断向中央要干部，同时努力培训干部，另一方面却是把干部打成“民生团”，像割韭菜般一批又一批地大量捕杀，只是人的脑袋可不像韭菜那样割了还能长出来。 在那儿偷着乐的，只能是谁？ 想想自“九一八”事变后，敌人杀害了多少共产党人，自己窝里乱杀了多少自己人。从各自在东北党和军队总量中的大概比例，就知道从“北方会议”到反“民生团”，东北党最大的敌人来自哪里。而朝鲜共产党人加入中共时，正赶上立三路线。失败的血，倾轧的泪，他们经历了太多太多的苦难，惨烈得令人不忍睹视。 “二军作战英勇，在联军中要算'首屈一指'。”这种评价，当然不是来自抗联2军。 如果没有达2000人左右的“民生团”被捕杀，后来骁勇善战的2军，又该是何等成色？ 须知，东北抗联的11个军，各军成立之初也就千把人左右，有的军最兴盛时也未超过千人。 反“民生团”斗争，几乎把东满党和游击队折腾得失去元气。只是由于东满党人多，基数大，所以还能撑得起个抗联2军。