Chapter 8 Chapter Seven The First Martyrs

A passionate young man, a scholar, a Chinese heart, and heroic courage, broke into the company headquarters of a puppet army sent by the Japanese invaders to suppress the masses. The subordinates were speechless. Speaking of Meng Jiemin, the captain of the Panshi Guerrilla, the author sees such a scene in front of him, which I can't get rid of. Meng Jiemin, who was only 21 years old when he died, and political commissar Chu Xiangchen, who died ten days after his sacrifice, and his successor captain Wang Zhaolan were all from Panshi County and students of Panshi Middle School. Wang Zhaolan and Chu Xiangchen were two years older than Meng Jiemin. After the "September 18th" Incident, they participated in almost all anti-Japanese activities in the Panshi area.As one of the earliest armed fighters on the black land, Meng Jiemin also participated in organizing the mutiny of the Puppet Army in Yingchengzi and obtained 18 rifles—this is the most important material basis for the establishment of the Panshi Guerrilla.

Written on December 20, 1940 and marked as "cadres above regiment headquarters" (should be "cadres above regiment" - the author), "The Second Route Army of the Anti-Japanese Union (should be "First Route Army" - the author) ) In the Statistical Table of Cadres Sacrificed Over the Years of the Second Detachment", the first one is "Captain Meng", that is, Meng Jiemin, and the following text is written in the column of "Lue Calendar": Pan (Pan——the author) graduated from Shi Middle School, joined the party in 1930 for urban work, and joined the guerrillas in 1932.

Due to various reasons, the number and proportion of unknown soldiers in China's anti-fascist war may be higher than that of other countries.And due to various reasons that will be explained later, even the unsung martyrs in the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War in the Northeast will definitely be much higher than the ratio in the same period in the pass, let alone this time.We can know the names of martyrs such as "Meng Jiemin", "Chu Xiangchen" and "Wang Zhaolan" today because of their outstanding historical status and contributions.In addition, what these ancestors who are worthy of the black land have left us can't even catch up with the contents of some resumes today.

I know their firmness, fortitude, and courage, but I don't know their voices and smiles.They and Wang Yongjiang and others mentioned above could have been division commanders and army commanders, but they died prematurely.In the 14-year Anti-Japanese War of the Northeast Communists, they were the first martyrs, just like soldiers who were shot and fell to the ground just after jumping out of the trench. At that time, it was the twelfth lunar month when dripping water turned into ice, and the vigorous body of youth was embracing the black land that gave birth to them. The red snow and hot snow paved the way of the icy and snowy resistance war.

We talked about the defense of the Soviet area before, now let us get closer as much as possible. Yulang Village is the seat of the Helong County Party Committee. There are dozens of households. A guerrilla squadron directly led by the County Party Committee is stationed here.The captain, Jin Shi, is tall and good at marksmanship, and the political commissar is called "Sister Jin"-I don't know how a big man got such a nickname, and I don't know what his real name is. In the early morning of February 12, 1933, the sound of gunfire cut through the silence of the mountains, and it was particularly loud in the cold and dry winter wind.This is the sentinel firing a warning shot, the enemy is coming.

The enemy rushed up from the south, there were more than 300 people, among them there were about a hundred yellow devils.Light and heavy machine guns whistled like the wind, and shells exploded in the village with a bang, setting off pillars of mud and snow several meters high.The Korean (ethnic) families are all straw houses, which can be destroyed as soon as they are beaten, and several houses have already rolled up into flames. Cui Xiangdong, secretary of the county party committee, organized the transfer of the county party committee and the masses to the mountains. Captain Jin Shi and the political commissar "Sister Jin" commanded the guerrillas to block the enemy and cover the transfer of the county party committee and the masses.It's like this every time, act now, without saying a word.

Jin Shi led two team members and rushed to Xishangou to seize the commanding heights. "Sister-in-law Jin" and several team members occupied a compound in the south of the village, used the courtyard wall as a cover, and shot at the enemy.The enemy attacked in skirmish lines, the yellow devils and the blue-gray puppet army, especially conspicuous on the white snow.The snow-footed ground covered deep snow, knee-deep in the depths, so he couldn't run fast and was easy to shoot.It's just that the guerrillas have few bullets, so they can only shoot close, and there are few people, few guns, and weak firepower. If they can't fight at once, the enemy may charge up.

The house of the squadron headquarters was hit, and several team members rushed out from the thick smoke and fire, rolled the fire out on the snow in the vegetable field in front of the door, and stood firm in the house across the street.The house was on fire again, the female team member Yuan Xishu covered, and the team leader Li Jiuxi rushed out with the wounded on his back, directing everyone to fight from one family to another.Later, the bullets ran out, and the enemy rushed forward, so they fought with the enemy with bayonets, and several people were all killed in battle. Li Jiuxi was twenty-one years old, of medium height and handsome appearance. She danced Korean dances beautifully, and her acting as a young daughter-in-law was even more false.Once a man disguised himself as a woman, went deep into the tiger's den, killed a squad of enemies, and brought back 8 rifles.

More than three hours passed, Yulang Village was full of flames, and the sound of guns inside and outside the village continued.The political commissar "Sister-in-law Jin" tied a piece of red cloth to the front sight of the rifle, held it up in the air and shook it a few times, which meant that it was time to withdraw.Captain Jin Shi, who was blocking the enemy on the commanding height of Xigou, replied in the same way: you retreat, we cover. A squadron of nearly 30 people, 10 people did not withdraw, all sacrificed, including the captain and political commissar. County party secretary Cui Xiangdong directed the county party committee and the whole village to retreat. An old man couldn't run, so he supported the old man and fell behind.Liu Yiwan, a member of the Red Guard, and Che Zhenshu, a member of the Young Pioneer, met and came back to help each other.First, Liu Yiwan was shot, Cui Xiangdong was also shot in the abdomen, and Che Zhenshu was stabbed to death by the devil with a bayonet.When people found them later, Cha Zhenshu was still alive, and her two ears had been cut off.

Known as "Thirteen Warriors of Yulang Village". On October 4, 1933, it was the Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar. On this day, Korean (ethnic) families made "beating cakes".This is a kind of food unique to the Korean (ethnic) people. Steam the glutinous rice until it is half-cooked, mash it, spread it sticky, sprinkle sesame seeds and bean noodles on it, steam it again, and cut it into pieces. ,It tastes great. Li Zaide's mother got up very early that day, and she also invited her classmates Shi Guangxin and Sun Mingyu to help them make cakes.Because the Tangyuan Central County Party Committee will hold a meeting at her home to study the formation of guerrillas.The Tangyuan guerrillas have pulled up twice, but failed.

There was no sign of anything going wrong.Old man Li Zaide still remembers that the moon was very bright that night.After getting everything ready before dark, she pretended to play with two classmates and went around the village outside.Mother was still worried, so she went out and walked around for half an hour in person, and only after she came back did she wet a white cloth that said "everything is safe" and put it on the firewood pile at the door to dry. At dawn, the Japanese military police and pseudo-policemen suddenly surrounded the village, arresting young adults from house to house.At this time, the county committee meeting had just ended.At the same time, Gejiehe and Xiaotun were also surrounded and hunted down.A total of about 300 young and middle-aged men and women were taken to the Japanese Gendarmerie in Heli Township and locked in a large warehouse. As I said before, the people in the red land are united, and no one will identify the Communist Party members to the enemy, and they all say that they don't know what a "Communist Party" is. The enemy brought the traitor Li Yuanzhen to confront him. Li Yuanzhen is Li Zaide's classmate, she was very positive at the beginning and even joined the regiment, but it always made people feel empty-headed.Li Yuanzhen proposed to her as soon as Li Zaide showed his talent.At that time, a fifteen or sixteen-year-old girl in the countryside was considered a big girl.Li Zaide refused in person.Unwilling to give up, Li Yuanzhen asked someone to come to her door to talk about matchmaking, but was flatly rejected by her mother.Li Yuanzhen's family was a rich peasant. After the "Northern Conference", the land revolution violated the interests of landlords and rich peasants. The family moved to Heli Town, but unexpectedly they joined the Japanese.After all, this kid is a member of the league, so he knows something about the situation of the party group, or has heard of it. Tangyuan Center County Party Secretary Pei Zhiyun, County Party Committee Organization Director and Youth League County Party Secretary Cui Guifu, County Party Committee Member and Women Director Jin Chenggang (Li Zaide's mother), and 9 party members, League members, and activists were identified by Li Yuanzhen. How bad can a traitor be? "Hanging people up", pressing the bar, pouring hot pepper water, and the most unbearable thing is sticking bamboo sticks into the nails - ten fingers connected to the heart.Passed out, woke up, died several times a day.Before the traitors came forward to identify me, they all said that I didn't know what a "Communist Party" is, and now even some members of the league say that I am a Communist Party.When asked about the situation of the party organization, everyone was iron-mouthed and steel-mouthed, and some said, little Japanese, you are dreaming.Some said, I know everything, but I won't tell you bastards. Two classmates, Shi Guangxin and Sun Mingyu, who helped Li Zaide's family make cakes that day were also arrested, and several members of the group were young men and women aged 16 or 17.The gendarmerie devils detained them alone, brought in a gramophone, and played some humming songs about love and love in an attempt to soften them.No matter how the phonograph sings, no one is moved by it. Today, beside the courtyard wall of the former Northeast Supply and Marketing Cooperative in Heli Town, stands a monument with the names of 12 martyrs including Pei Zhiyun inscribed on it. Worried about mass riots, the Japanese devils dug a big pit there and secretly buried them alive. Pu Ji, political commissar of the Yanji County Guerrilla Army, formerly known as Pu Yunheng, was born in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea in 1896, and moved to Yanji County, China with his family in 1914.After that, he taught at Taiping School in Yanji County, participated in supporting the "March 1st" anti-Japanese movement in North Korea, and studied at the non-commissioned officer school established by the Korean Independence Army in Wangqing. After graduation, he participated in the anti-Japanese battle of the Independence Army. In 1920, he retreated into the territory of the Soviet Union with the Independence Army and joined the Communist Party of Korea. He returned to Yanji in 1925 and was appointed by the organization to do mass work. He established the "Korea Communist Youth Association" in Changcai Village and mobilized the masses to prevent and destroy Japan's construction of the Tiantu Railway. In the autumn of 1929, he went to work in the villages of Dunhua and Emu, and established the "Farmers' Association" and "Anti-Imperialist Alliance". He joined the Communist Party of China on September 1, 1930, and was one of the main founders of the Yanji Guerrilla Army. He was labeled as a "Minshengtuan" and killed. Park Dong-geun, the leader of the Yanji guerrilla team with Park Ji, Kim Il-hwan, who succeeded Cui Sang-dong as secretary of the Halong County Party Committee after Cui Xiangdong died, and Kim Seong-do, who was written earlier, his life experience and how he was labeled as the "Minsaengdan". Ji is roughly similar.When Kim Il-hwan was announced to be executed at the mass public trial meeting, the masses and officers and soldiers of the Volunteer Army shouted, saying that he was a good man, not the "Minsheng Corps", and he looked like he was going to make trouble.As a last resort, the Anti-Chamber Committee promised to release Kim Il-hwan, but secretly executed him. Kim Seong-do, who was six years younger than Pu Ji, was also from North Hamgyong Province and a veteran revolutionary.He went to the Primorsky Krai of the Soviet Union with his father when he was a teenager, and then moved to Dahuanggou, Hunchun County. He was admitted to Longjing Enzhen Middle School in 1921, began to accept revolutionary ideas, and joined the Communist Party of Korea. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1930 and served as secretary of the Hunchun and Yanji County Committees. , Actively carry out the anti-Japanese struggle.After serving as the head of the organization of the special committee, together with Tong Changrong, he made important contributions to the restoration and development of the party organization in East Manchuria, the creation of guerrillas in 4 counties, and the opening of base areas. Among the "Minshengtuan" that killed about 2,000 people, the author chose the above-mentioned people because they are all veteran cadres (although they are not too old) and they are naturally among the "best comrades". So, how did the "best comrade" become the most terrible "enemy" instead? Some old people said that no matter how crazy some people are, or if they take the wrong medicine, they will know that they are not "Minsaengdan", and they will also know that some people around them are not "Minsaengdan".So how can we stop the madness of those people?Those who are the most steadfast, loyal, and reliable are also bitten into the "Minshengtuan". Those who have taken the wrong medicine and exercise the power of life and death, can they think about it and be sober?If someone like Jin Shengdao is bitten out again, wouldn't he be able to slap him hard and take the antidote? It is hard to say whether there is any truth to this statement, because in March 1935, when the struggle against the "Minshengtuan" had been restrained, the Standing Committee of the East Manchurian Special Committee, the Minister of Propaganda and the anti-revolutionary Li Songyi, chairman of the committee, was also labeled as the leader of the "Minshengtuan" and executed. None of them "served themselves", and none of them admitted that they belonged to the "Minsaengdan".Kim Seong-do, who had so much blood of the "Minsaengdan" on his hands, even wrote "Although I made mistakes in my work, I am not a member of the Minsaengdan". From June 1930 to February 1931, the Fengtian warlords arrested 1,354 Communist Party members and revolutionary masses in East Manchuria, and the Japanese military and police arrested 880 revolutionaries, and it is unknown how many were killed.But whether it is captured or killed, it is normal and natural, because they are enemies. But what if he died at the hands of his own people? No one can tell what it's like to die at the muzzle of one's own people, because the dead can't speak.Everyone knows that Jin Shengdao, who only lived thirty-two years old, even if he has great abilities, without the environment and atmosphere of up and down, can he set off such waves of blood? The Bayan guerrilla team collapsed, and Zhang Jiazhou could not return home. He changed his name to "Zhang Jinsi" and went to Xiajiang Fujin Middle School to teach. In the summer of 1937, he got in touch with the independent division that later became the 11th Army of the Anti-Japanese Army. On the night of August 28, on the way to the independent division with Yu Tianfang and others, he bumped into the pseudo-self-defense regiment. The enemy fired a few shots indiscriminately, and he was shot and died.It is really embarrassing that a generation of heroes died in such an accidental event.But how was his fate pushed to this point in time and space? While the "Northern Conference" brought disastrous consequences to the Northeast War of Resistance, how many people's fates have more or less changed? The defense of the Soviet area like the "Thirteen Warriors of Yulang Village" cannot but make people feel the shadow of the "Northern Conference".The same is true for the sacrifices of Meng Jiemin, Chu Xiangchen, Wang Zhaolan and others.After Wang Yongjiang died, the Tangyuan Central County Party Committee reported to the Provincial Party Committee that "he is a player of the 'Left' line and a model of 'Left' military adventurism."The Tangyuan County Party Committee headed by Pei Zhiyun, more than 40 days before his death, had already been characterized as a "rightist, passive sabotage, and faction-disputed county committee", and said that "Old Pei admitted his mistakes very incompletely."However, after all, they died heroically in the fight with the enemy, or fell on the battlefield with guns but not guns, or were killed by beards, but what about the "Minsheng Corps"? There was a time when there was no mention of this kind of thing, as if there had never been such a thing, there had never been these people, and of course there had been no such martyrs. Some of the Twelve Tangyuan Martyrs, headed by Pei Zhiyun, said they chanted slogans before they died, while others said they were gagged by devils and killed in secret.Some people said that when the "Minshengdan" was executed, some shouted "Long live the Communist Party", some shouted "Down with the Japanese", and some shouted "I am not the 'Minsaidan'".When killing again, in some places the mouths of these people were blocked.Also, let these "enemies" shout such slogans, what does it look like? Is there a more tragic cry than this in ancient and modern China and abroad? Tong Changrong, courtesy name Lanhua, was born in Zongyang Town, Hudong County (now Zongyang County), Anhui Province in 1907.This is a poor scholarly family. His father lost his father when he was young, and he is orphaned and widowed. His mother makes a living by unpacking and washing clothes and doing needlework for him to study.He is talented, intelligent, diligent and studious, and is highly praised by teachers and students. He has been admitted to the Provincial First Normal School and studied in Japan at public expense. Seeing too much injustice in the world, the rural children came to the Provincial First Division in Anqing, actively participated in the student movement, and were elected as a leading member of the student union. They were wanted by the authorities and had to suspend their studies and travel to Shanghai. He joined the Communist Party of China in Shanghai in 1924, studied in Japan in the same year, first entered Tokyo Daiichi High School, and soon transferred to Tokyo Imperial University. After the "Jinan Massacre" occurred in May 1928, as the head of the Japanese Special Branch of the Chinese Communist Party, Tong Changrong organized and led overseas students and overseas Chinese in Japan to march and demonstrate on the streets of Tokyo, setting off an anti-Japanese patriotic struggle.The Japanese authorities arrested him, held him for more than two months, and deported him on charges of promoting communism. In the autumn of 1928, Tong Changrong returned to Shanghai and successively served as a propaganda member and secretary of the Central Shanghai District Committee. In 1930, the 23-year-old Anhui youth was transferred to the Henan Provincial Party Committee Secretary.At the beginning of the second year, the central government dispatched a group of cadres to strengthen the work in the Northeast, and Tong Changrong went to Dalian as the secretary of the municipal party committee.The next thing is what I wrote before, and was sent by Luo Dengxian to Dongman as the secretary of the special committee. In Dongman, where wars are everywhere, there are "Korea villages" that grow rice everywhere.The elegant and elegant secretary of the special committee, at first glance, is a man of great knowledge, and is especially respected and loved.At the top of the field, at the top of the kang, a purple-black pipe was put into the purse, which was much larger than the usual cigarette purse, to scoop up the pipe tobacco, pressed it tightly, and then offered it to the elderly man with both hands.If they are all young people of the same age, light it up, take a puff, and say to taste my cigarette, the pipe will be smoking from their mouths, and they can chat about crops and revolution as much as they want. Not long after Tong Changrong arrived in Dongman, he led a large-scale spring famine struggle, which intensified anti-Japanese sentiment in Dongman.He attached great importance to armed struggle, reorganized the guerrillas in the four counties of Yanji, Helong, Wangqing, and Hunchun, and created the East Manchurian guerrillas of the 32nd Red Army and more than a dozen base areas. In leading the anti-"crusade" campaign, Tong Changrong, who spoke fluent Japanese, directly launched a political offensive and psychological warfare against the Japanese army. "Do you remember your mother's tears when you left home?" "Do you remember your wife's tears when you saw off at the station or dock?" "Your mothers and children hope that you will come home alive every day!" Common enemy!” “Unite the proletariat and overthrow the warlords and chaebols of Japanese imperialism!” These leaflets written in Japanese were pasted on telephone poles and tree trunks wherever the Japanese army went, and pressed under the stones on the road. There is a different kind of lethality. At the beginning of 1934, after an anti-"crusade", the guerrillas found two artillery shells on the ice of the Wangqing River, and wrote a text message below: "Communist garrison, we have returned to China, each of these two artillery shells contains 300 bullets, you use them to oppose Be a Japanese warlord." The signature is the names of 12 Japanese soldiers. Because of the extremely difficult transportation between us (X Village) and the city, the letters (letter number four) and documents from you have not been received until now.Comrade Rong (Tong Changrong—the author) also recovered from several near-death and hopeless illnesses.However, it is still difficult to move, and to recover and work as usual, it will take a month to rest and recuperate!The last letter to you was written by Comrade Rong himself when his condition worsened.The main purpose is to invite people from the Provincial Party Committee (in case Comrade Rong dies, the work in Dongman can be maintained).Therefore, no work report was made.At that time, he could not write a work report.Korean comrades cannot write Chinese. This is a passage from the "Report of the Eastern Manchurian Special Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Provincial Party Committee" on November 2, 1932-isn't this a suicide note? Tong Changrong suffered from lung disease.It is warm inside the house in winter, and when I go out, the air is so dry and cold that the water turns to ice, and I immediately cough continuously.Winter is also an important season for the enemy to "crusade". The special committee will cough up blood for a day here and a night there, drilling ravines and fighting guerrillas everywhere. Comrades from the Korean (ethnic group) do not speak Chinese fluently, and those who can control Chinese characters are even less pitiful. Writing documents and reports is almost entirely dependent on his pen.When I have some free time, I just read quickly under the kerosene lamp, spitting is black, and coughing up blood is red.Suddenly one day, my hands and feet became numb and I couldn't hold the pen anymore.He thought he was tired, so he stood up and wanted to move his body, but he fell down.I went to a doctor and found out that I had a stroke and was paralyzed. It was a very cold day, no one else felt anything, Tong Changrong was shivering.Everyone didn't find it strange, because southerners are not resistant to frost.Unexpectedly, after a while, he began to sweat profusely again. Isn't this a swing?But this disease usually only gets in summer in Northeast China? Once, during a meeting in Chaoyangchuan, Yanji County, the Red Guards reported that the Japanese had arrived.Comrades from the county party committee dragged Tong Changrong up the mountain. He said leave me alone and quickly organize the transfer of the masses.The crowd had all gone up the mountain, and he and the old Wang from the county party committee had just left the village when they were discovered by the enemy. Bullets whizzed past his head and around him, and burrowed into the snow behind his feet.Tong Changrong was weak and couldn't run fast, so Lao Wang dragged him to run.Running into a ravine, Tong Changrong was knocked down, Lao Wang picked him up and ran away.Tong Changrong yelled: Let it go, let it go, leave me alone!How could Old Wang listen? He ran across a hill, and buried Tong Changrong, who had a wounded arm, in a snow nest. He took off his old sheepskin jacket and carried it on his back, as if carrying a person. . Tong Changrong's face became paler due to the excessive blood loss after the injury and the constant coughing up of blood. A comrade risked his life to get him two bottles of cod liver oil to nourish his body, and he gave it to the wounded.He said: If I eat it, he will take risks. Tong Changrong, and Wei Zhengmin, who will be written later, were sick all over.In the environment of Northeast China, they can't actually survive a few winters.And as the conditions worsened, how many of those strong native Northeast people survived to the end? A twenty-four-year-old secretary of the special committee whose fire of life should have been as radiant as the rising sun was writing a letter asking the provincial committee to send someone to continue his unfinished business with his hand that could barely pick up a pen. What kind of state of mind should it be?What kind of Bolshevik morality and feelings? From the winter of 1933 to the spring of 1934, the Japanese and puppets launched a large-scale "crusade" against the anti-Japanese base areas in East Manchuria.Tong Changrong dragged his skinny and chronically ill body, and led some guerrillas to fight and circle the enemy in the deep mountains and dense forests of Wangqing and Dawangqing. On March 21, the enemy pulled a net to search the mountains and was surrounded by the enemy at the southeast fork of Shiliping.During the battle, Tong Changrong was seriously injured.Cui Jinshu, a Korean female team member who has been taking care of him all the time, carried him into a cave and died the next day due to excessive bleeding. Here is an unforgettable one: in order to prevent the enemy from spoiling the body of the secretary of the special committee, 22-year-old Cui Jinshu guarded the entrance of the cave until he ran out of bullets and died heroically. He worked in Dongman for two years, and also achieved some achievements, such as the establishment of guerrillas and the attack of some factionists.After the delegation left this time, he played a very good role. The opposition struggled, and now they are extremely resolute.He is very capable of work, relatively strong in political organization, and extremely loyal to the party. He has a keen observation power. Three or four days after I left Dongman, he vomited blood for several days because of interrogating the Minsheng Corps (I don’t know if it’s okay now, he has a letter to the provincial party committee).But he was a powerful man in the Eastern Manchurian Party.Now there is nothing we can do without a solid comrade. The above is excerpted from the "Work Report of the Special Committee of the Eastern Manchurian Party Committee of the Communist Party of China" on October 25, 1933, and the author is Yang Bo. "The Birth and Development of the Second Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army" written in 1938 (no month and day), said: Under the leadership of the martyr Comrade Tong Changrong, the struggle against the Minsaengtuan began. In Northeast China under the occupation of the Japanese aggressors, the agrarian revolution and the establishment of the Soviet regime should be carried out just like Guannei under the rule of the Kuomintang.The struggle against the "Minshengdan" seems to have no direct relationship, but what about indirect ones?And for all of this, there is no doubt that the Manchuria Provincial Committee bears the responsibility that cannot be shirked. Dongman, as a model (called a "model" at the time) for carrying out all this, of course has its own special and complicated background. As the secretary of the Dongman Special Committee and "a powerful person in the Dongman Party", can he absolve himself of the blame? In fact, no matter who it is, this disaster is unavoidable—it is precisely here that the problem is serious and terrifying. The agrarian revolution and the establishment of Soviets have been corrected from top to bottom before Tong Changrong was alive. What about the loyal Bolsheviks who killed loyal Bolsheviks against the "Minsheng Corps"?If Jiuquan knew about it, would he not say a word and keep silent like he did in the long historical period known later?