Chapter 6 The first section of the Peking University campus is full of waves

Li Ji's transfer from Tsinghua University to the Academia Sinica's Institute of History and Language Studies is inseparable from the encounter of a hero created by the current situation, but more of it is the inevitable result of his own knowledge and brilliance of personality.With Li’s status, status and prestige among scholars all over the world, it would not only be inconceivable if he had not been in charge of the Institute of History and Philology of Academia Sinica in his whole life, and ranked among the most prominent chairs. The loss of the science of anthropology. At the end of October 1928, Li Ji went to the United States to give lectures and returned to China as a tutor of the Tsinghua Research Institute. He passed by Hong Kong, and during the short stay, he had a meeting with a heavyweight who would cause huge waves in China’s future political and academic circles—— Fu Sinian met.After the two first met, Li Ji later gave a simple account: "Because I have never been to Guangdong, I stopped by to visit Guangzhou. And because I don't know Cantonese, and Zhongshan was just established at that time. University, there are many professors from the north who teach there, I don’t know who is there, I just go to see. Unexpectedly, I met Mr. Zhuang Zexuan, an old professor from Tsinghua University, at the door. We are very familiar with each other. As soon as he saw me, he said, "When did you come? Someone is looking for you here! Go, go! I'll take you to see him! I couldn't help being surprised, and asked him who is looking for me?" He said: You also know this person, Mr. Fu Mengzhen." Li Ji was taken aback. Although he had never met him, when he was in the United States, he often heard Luo Jialun talk about what he did during the May 4th Movement. Unavoidably, a feeling of admiration arose, so he followed Zhuang to see Fu.Li Ji said: "What he talked to me about was the establishment of the Institute of History and Linguistics at the Academia Sinica. After a short talk, he asked me to take up field archaeological work." It was this meeting that determined Li Ji's future. 50 years of archaeological academic history.

Fu Mengzhen, whom Li Ji met by chance, was named Si Nian and styled Meng Zhen. He was born in Liaocheng, Shandong Province in 1896. He was born in a Confucian family and a poor aristocratic family. Later, he was promoted to Doctor Guanglu, Shaobao and Prince Taibao, Minister of the Ministry of War, and Bachelor of Wuyingdian University. He was in charge of the prime minister.After Fu Yijian, the family business of the Fu family was prosperous and prominent in the past dynasties. Therefore, the golden plaque of "No.It is said that Fu Yijian's descendant, Fu Sinian, was intelligent and studious since he was a child, and he was familiar with Confucian classics.This modern "sage" has experienced more than ten years of family school and government school training. In 1913, when he was 18 years old, he was admitted to Peking University Preparatory Class A, Class A. With his profound foundation in Chinese studies and his bright mind, he won the first prize again and again, and took the exam three times in four years. Ranked first in the class, and once ranked second. In the autumn of 1916, he transferred to Guoxuemen to continue his studies, and he was full-fledged and soaring into the sky.At this time, Fu Sinian felt good about himself, it was difficult for ordinary classmates and even professors to be looked down upon by him, and his arrogance made him look sideways at his classmates.According to Wu Shu, Fu’s classmate, recalled: “In the second half of the fifth year of the Republic of China, (I) was on the first day of class at Peking University. About one morning, a teacher with a long beard came and was divided into three classes. Zhang’s handouts seem to be written in four words. After half an hour of class, the blackboard was filled with handout collation notes, and I felt bored, so I began to pay attention to the students in the class; I found a big fat man in the second row was a bit special, because The teacher's eyes are always focused on him. After class, this fat man chatted with a classmate who looked like an Arabian horse in the corner of the classroom. Laughter, I admired his demeanor very much. I went to his desk to look and put a few inspection books with red comments on them, but I didn’t read them carefully. After class, I went back to the dormitory and asked about it. He was Fu Sinian in Shandong. Several old classmates said: 'He is the first person after Confucius', this is my first impression of Meng Zhen."

It was this scene and impression that made Fu Sinian tall in Wu Shu's mind, even a little out of reach.Wu Shu continued to recall: "From then on, I often approached him and wanted to say hello to him, but he always ignored him. One day, I couldn't help it, and I talked to him abruptly, saying After a few words, he turned his head and started to recite the book, so I had no choice but to walk away very unhappy." Fu's upright and flamboyant character, his attitude towards people and things, as well as his domineering demeanor, can be said to have remained unchanged until his death.It is precisely because of this that he has become a great scholar who is famous all over the world and is also called "the rarest genius" and "the most organized natural leader".

In the later period of Fu's study at Peking University, due to the presence of Chen Duxiu, Hu Shizhi and other new-style professors who tossed back and forth like Monkey King, the previously unsettled campus of Peking University flourished.With Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren and others joining the ranks of "New Youth" edited by Chen Duxiu, the cultural propositions that are different from traditional cultural thoughts are even more popular for a while. The absorption and integration of doctrines in this ancient campus caused a great shock in the cultural and educational circles, and a trumpet that was regarded as an alternative cultural movement by the traditionalists sounded.The revolutionary New Culture Movement, along with the ideals and doctrines of "Mr. De" and "Mr. Sai" (democracy and science, that is, democracy and science), radiated in waves in all directions in the "Cry of the Iron House".

In the midst of the surging tide, Fu Sinian, together with his classmates and friends Luo Jialun, Wang Jingxi, Yang Zhensheng and more than 20 students, took "New Youth" edited by Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi and others as a model, and started a publication called "New Trend", and hired Hu Shi as the editor. The magazine consultant, imitating the appearance of "New Youth", sang against the "Xueheng" faction organized by Wu Mi and others, vigorously advocating alternative thoughts and literature that are different from traditional academic concepts and cultural thoughts.This approach was cheered and sought after by many young people and radicals who also had alternative ideas. At the same time, it was also criticized by the "Xueheng School" such as Wu Mi and Mei Guangdi, especially Gu Hongming, who "drags back and restored" on the campus of Peking University. , "Liu Shipei of the Six Gentlemen of Chou'an", "Chen Hanzhang of the Two-legged Bookcase" (in Luo Jialun's language), and Huang Kan, Zhang Taiyan's number one disciple, strongly opposed and resisted desperately. Both sides used their pens as spears and daggers. They come and go and stab each other back and forth, and there is a tendency not to withdraw the troops until the opponent is stabbed and defeated.

At this time, whether it is the old masters such as Huang Kan and Gu Hongming who are called the quintessence of the country, or the generation of Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, and Hu Shi who are called "fallacies and heresies", or those who have just emerged and are popular among fashionable young people Fu Sinian, Luo Jialun, and other cultural cutting-edges who are on the sidelines, including Zhang Guotao, Duan Xipeng, Xu Deheng, Wang Jingxi, etc., are very clear in their hearts that the backstage boss who really makes them stir up trouble and confront each other on the campus of Peking University is Cai Yuanpei, the president of Peking University. .Only Cai's adherence to the school-running policy of "inclusiveness and inclusiveness" made a Beijing Normal University that produced bureaucrats and politicians chrysalis out of a zombie, and became the "pioneer of the improvement movement" and the "hopeful future" of New Peking University.

Cai Yuanpei, who was born in Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province, was appointed Hanlin by Emperor Guangxu’s imperial pen. He used to have secret contact with his fellow countryman in Japan, Shanghai and other places, that is, the female celebrity who shouted all day long to rebel and kill people. , hiding in a dark corner, immersed himself in making bombs for the revolutionaries, and prepared to carry out a terrorist activity that would shock the world-assassinate the relatives and officials of the Qing Dynasty emperor, so as to achieve the goal of changing the dynasty.As far as Chinese terrorists or assassins are concerned, there seems to be no decent climate after Jing Ke in the late Warring States period. It is said that "there will be no Jing Ke after Jing Ke".It was not until the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China that this profession was revived again, and flourished again in the turbulent society where the wind was blowing and the clouds were flying.At this time, the whole world seems to be immersed in the storm of sap, assassination and looting, and anarchist assassination is even more popular all over the world.Passionate young people flock to them, and from time to time there are rumors in the streets and alleys that "beheading is okay, as long as the doctrine is true", "Sing generously to Yan City, and be a prisoner of Chu calmly. Lead the neck quickly. Live up to the boy's head" "There is no end to death, this head must The screams of "hanging towards the gate of the country" are even louder, "the head is made into a wine cup, and the blood of the enemy is drunk", "the desolate night on the guillotine, how many colleagues call me here" and so on.As far as the trend is concerned, Chinese students studying abroad and revolutionaries such as Xu Xilin, Qiu Jin, Wang Zhaoming, Cai Yuanpei, Ren Hongjun, Zhou Yucai (Lu Xun), etc., have thrown themselves into this tide.

Cai Yuanpeisheng is a typical southerner, with short stature and quick and steady movements. "When reading, he stretched out his slender fingers to quickly turn the pages of the book, as if reading ten lines at a glance, and he has a photographic memory. The love of nature and art makes him calm, with lofty thoughts, elegant taste, sincere and peaceful attitude, simple and modest life. He is open-minded and accepts any opinions, criticisms or suggestions." Simple and modest Cai Yuanpei, In his bones, he also has the ambition and blood of the northern Liangshan hero to rebel. "When he was the principal of the Shaoxing Chinese and Western School, he attended a banquet one night. After drinking for three rounds, he raised his glass and loudly criticized Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao's reform movement. It was not thorough, because they advocated preserving the Manchu Qing royal family to lead the reform. When it came to fierceness, he raised his right arm and shouted: 'I, Cai Yuanpei, am not like this. Unless you overthrow the Manchu Qing, no reform is possible!'" This It was Cai Yuanpei who left the impression on Jiang Menglin, a young scholar who later served as the president of Peking University.

As far as Cai Yuanpei himself is concerned, the bomb made by wrapping sulfur and nitric acid in iron sheets and stones can blow out several blood holes in the broken body of a dynasty, allowing it to die slowly in bleeding.And the transformation of a degenerate national university can also create an explosive cultural bomb that will turn the decadent thinking and system of China upside down.For this reason, in 1916, Cai Yuanpei, who was investigating and evading residence in France, was called back to China by the Ministry of Education. He stepped into the ancient city of Beijing, which had just experienced a restoration of the imperial system, and accepted the appointment letter issued by Li Yuanhong, then President of the Beiyang Government, as the president of Peking University. On January 4, 1917, Cai Yuanpei, who was 49 years old at the time, hurried around the bank of the "Three Seas" shrouded in mist in the ancient city of Beijing, and his light and steady figure stepped into the threshold of Peking University, which was eccentric in its arrogance. Sit down on the headmaster's chair.Since then, the second half of the life of the former Qing Hanlin has been closely linked with the political and cultural destiny of the country and nation.

Cai Yuanpei's move, which was very different from the past, opened up a channel for the education system in China that was as stiff as a mummy at that time to turn decay into magic.In the face of Cai's ambition, the corrupt officials and imperial strategists were deeply shocked, and made the following predictions with rare sobriety and political insight: Cai Yuanpei's entry into Peking University, the Beiyang government "is no different from pig Bajie swallowing a Monkey King" ", is an ominous sign of self-inflicted suffering and death.Nothing is forced by the situation and the trend is mighty. Whether it is the "Zhu Bajie" of the current dynasty, or the monsters in the mountains, or the Zhu Xianqun, they don't care too much. Only let this bomb-making and ambitious "Monkey King" get into his belly In the middle, he waved the golden cudgel and turned somersaults up and down.

When the confident Cai Yuanpei got up from the president's chair where he was sitting firmly, the stagnant pool of stagnant water that had been stored for a long time at Peking University had already been cast into the "stone of intellectual revolution" as hard as iron.The stagnant water is turning slightly, and the mighty waves are about to rise.On the moss-covered campus of Peking University and the vast podium lurking with vitality, the principal, with new ideas and modern scientific knowledge, together with his colleagues and students, shouldered the new mission of struggle and struggle, dreams and pursuits.At a historical moment when the surroundings were still in a state of ignorance and chaos, Cai Yuanpei reviewed the situation and put forward the sixteen-character maxim of "covering the grand ceremony, enlisting all families, freedom of thought, and inclusiveness".This brilliant academic goal is like the sound of the sea tide, which is deafening, so the sky above the capital is like "seeing a star suddenly in the dark fog".Since then, at the foot of the Forbidden City, the former Imperial University Hall, which has been declining and corrupting day by day, has gradually become a "spiritual holy place" of national culture. superior.Peking University is no longer a cold machine that produces candidate bureaucrats in batches in the feudal system, but has become a cradle for the growth of talents with "independent spirit and free thought", exuding the brilliance of human nature and scientific ideas.While exuding the brilliance of science and democratic spirit, this cradle also "leaves a permanent cliff for the accumulation of culture". Just above this cliff, the revolutionary breakout generals led by Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Hu Shi and other leaders of the new school of academia confronted the powerful old opponents Huang Kan, Gu Hongming and other celebrities, and various cultural thoughts burst like dark clouds. Thunder and lightning, colliding, agitating, and blending with each other, burst out a series of dazzling sparks in the ancient capital and the land of China.Amidst the sparks, the cultural bomb Cai Yuanpei made himself was accidentally ignited, and the streets of Beijing were eagerly calling and roaring.Finally, the first thunder of the dark China of the 20th century exploded.