Chapter 5 Section Four: The Friendship between Liang Qichao and Li Ji

With his status as a master and the title of lecturer, Li Ji became a tutor of the Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies. He took courses in general anthropology, anthropometry, ancient artifacts, and archaeology. Professor of History.It is a little regrettable that during his tenure at Tsinghua University, Li Ji supervised only one and a half graduate students.One is Wu Jinding, a famous archaeologist and the discoverer of China's Longshan Culture and Nanzhao Culture; the other half is Xu Zhongshu, who later became a famous paleographer.Because the Xu family mainly studied ancient philology and the history of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties from Wang Guowei, they can only be counted as half under the name of Li Ji.

During his stay at Tsinghua University, Li Ji had a good relationship with all the professors, but the one who walked closest was Liang Qichao, who was 23 years older than himself. The emerging discipline of archaeology has the same vision and enthusiasm.Liang Qichao was the first to introduce Western archaeological theories and methods, and systematically summarized the achievements of traditional Chinese epigraphy. He was a visionary master of history, and he was also an enthusiastic advocate who attached great importance to site search and field excavation.At this time, Liang Qichao was serving as the president of the Chinese Archaeological Society.Li Ji, on the other hand, is a fresh-blooded young talent full of scientific knowledge and ideas, full of vigor and full of western civilization. In his own words, he is like "a steamed bun just out of the cage", steaming with many ideas. He hit it off with Liang Qichao, and the two became close friends who were both teachers and friends.Because both Liang and Li attached great importance to the first-hand materials obtained from field archaeological excavations, after Li Ji entered the research institute, with the instigation of Liang Qichao and the support of Bi Shibo of the Freer Museum of Art, he immediately set out to make a breakthrough in the emerging field of archaeological anthropology. The thick walls of Tsinghua University moved the teaching and research classrooms to the middle of the field, freeing up hands and feet to do a real modern academic career.Thus, there was Li Ji's archaeological trip to Shanxi, which was a milestone in the history of Chinese archaeology and determined the direction of the field archeology in the future.

On February 5, 1926, Li Ji and geologist Yuan Fuli, who had accompanied the famous Swedish scholar Andersen to excavate the world-famous Yangshao Culture, went to Shanxi to conduct archaeological investigation along the Fen River Basin to southern Shanxi.During the period, several Neolithic painted pottery sites were discovered and some specimens were obtained.After initially identifying several sites for excavation, the two returned to Tsinghua Park at the end of March.In October of the same year, Li Ji directly coordinated and negotiated, Tsinghua University President Cao Yunxiang came forward, Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies and the Freer Museum of Art jointly organized, and the other party paid most of the funds. Li Ji and Yuan Fuli presided over the Xiyin Village in Xia County, Shanxi A field archaeological excavation agreement was reached.According to the agreement, the excavated antiquities will remain in China permanently, and the papers will be written in Chinese and English and published in academic journals in China and the United States. ——This is the first formal scientific archaeological excavation attempt in modern times hosted by the Chinese themselves, and it is also the only field archaeological excavation undertaken by Li Ji during his teaching years at Tsinghua University.Regarding the significance and evaluation of this excavation, many years later, Zhang Guangzhi, a student of Li Ji, the head of the Department of Anthropology at Harvard University, and a famous archaeologist Zhang Guangzhi once said: "The position adopted by this first Sino-foreign archaeological cooperation project is clear: Academia is the public weapon of the world, and Sino-foreign cooperation is possible and necessary under the conditions at the time, but antiquities are public and state-owned. Mr. Li Ji's international status and international vision did not make him patriotic and maintain This excavation has been recorded in the annals of history due to its groundbreaking significance and foundational status in the history of Chinese archaeology. .

Liang Qichao was very interested in this Sino-foreign cooperative excavation matter, and he took the initiative to give great care and support. Li Ji later recalled affectionately: "Professor Liang Qichao is very enthusiastic about field archaeology. He took the initiative to recommend me as a model in Shanxi Province. Governor Yan Xishan." Thanks to the support and care of Yan Laoxi's government, the archaeological excavation went very smoothly. At this time, Liang Qichao's second son, Liang Siyong, was studying at Harvard University in the United States on the other side of the ocean, majoring in archaeological anthropology.The choice of this major comes from the careful planning and arrangement of Liang Qichao.Liang Rengong, who has a broad academic vision and a strong sense of national responsibility, sees the rapid development of archaeology around the world. In China, which claims to have a history of 5,000 years of civilization, the people engaged in archaeological work are all foreign scholars who came to China under various names. Such as Swedish JG Andersson, Canadian Davidson Black, German JF Weidereich, French Pierre Teilhardde Chardin, Japanese Torii Ryuzo, Mizuno Seiichi etc.Liang Qichao, who was quite dissatisfied and unconvinced with this status quo, hoped that Chinese people would come forward to do this work. He believed that "China is so big, has such a long history, and has such rich antiquities. If we work hard, we must It can occupy a very high position in archaeology all over the world."

It was with such vision and confidence that the "Master of the Ice Drinking Room" determined to pass on the academic torch to his family, sent his eldest son, Liang Sicheng, to the United States to study architecture, and his second son, Liang Siyong, to study archaeology.This arrangement was all for the purpose of allowing the remote majors that were not valued by the Chinese academic circles at that time to take root, sprout, grow, and grow on the land of China, "to win a world-wide reputation for the Chinese nation in this professional field of knowledge." He In the letter to his children, he said: "Sicheng and Siyong walked the same road. In the future, they will gain the benefits of contacting each other and observing each other. It is really best not to have it." After returning to China, they each became the coquettish masters of their own professional disciplines. However, Liang Qichao was unable to see this day with his own eyes.

On December 10, 1926, Liang Qichao mentioned Li Ji’s field archaeological excavations many times in his letter to his second son Liang Siyong: “Li Jizhi is now excavating happily in the countryside of Shanxi (not Shaanxi). I have written to He, tell me your wishes and conditions, and you will get a reply within about ten days. I don’t think they are unwilling. As long as they can be assigned to real positions and have internship opportunities, the cost of transportation, food and accommodation, etc. are not a big problem. Before that, Liang Siyong participated in the excavation of Indian ruins while studying in the United States. He wrote to his father Liang Qichao, expressing his desire to return to China for an internship and to collect some Chinese field archaeological materials.To this end, Liang Qichao provided relevant statistics to his son who was far away in a foreign country, and also made careful arrangements for his internship opportunities and conditions after returning to China.It can be seen from the letter that once Liang Siyong returns to China, he can follow Li Ji to the fields to try his hand.

Li Ji and Yuan Fuli worked in Shanxi for more than two months until December 30th.The excavation was very fruitful. A total of 76 boxes of unearthed artifacts were collected and packed into nine carts. At the beginning of January of the following year, after going through several hardships and hardships and several days and nights of wind and night, the antiquities were finally escorted to Tsinghua University safely and undamaged. National Academy of Sciences.The successful excavation of the Xiyin Village site in Xia County, Shanxi Province opened the prelude to modern Chinese archaeology and marked the breakthrough demonstration of modern archaeological technology in the ancient land of the Far East.As an anthropologist, Li Ji also officially turned to the exploration and practice of archaeology from this excavation, thus establishing his status as a pioneer in the development history of modern Chinese archaeology.

On January 10, 1927, the Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies held a tea party to welcome Li Ji and Yuan Fuli's archaeological excavations in Shanxi.Mei Yiqi, who succeeded Zhang Pengchun as the dean of Tsinghua University and the affairs of the Academy of Chinese Studies, Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, Chen Yinke, Zhao Yuanren, the tutors of the Academy of Chinese Studies, and all teaching assistants and graduate students attended the meeting.Li Ji first introduced the excavation of the site of Xiyin Village. He chose this site because it is recorded in "Historical Records": "Pingyang, the capital of Yao, Puban, the capital of Shun, and Anyi, the capital of Yu". These famous administrative cities are all in the southern part of Shanxi Province today.He also said that the excavation was not random, but strictly dug layer by layer.Yuan Fuli interjected and added: "Mr. Li and I found a certain place from a certain place, and I dared to swear with him: If I can find a Neolithic cultural site here, I will never believe it. Later, when I went to Xiyin Village, I really found it. , I admit defeat. We use the 'scraping the land' (method), scraping layer by layer..." At that time, scolding warlords for collecting people's wealth was called "scraping the land". Yuan Fuli moved this term to the method of archaeological excavation, which is quite The image was vivid, and the teachers and students couldn't help laughing.

Most of the unearthed objects at the Xiyin Village site were broken pottery fragments. Due to limited knowledge and vision, the graduate students were a little confused. It was brought up all of a sudden.I saw: Assistant teacher Wang Yong came up with a box of relics, including half a silkworm cocoon that had been split.The classmates stretched their necks to watch.Some people say that I don't believe it is so white after so long (actually it is lined with cotton); some people say that since it is a relic from the Neolithic period, what tool was used to cut it?Mr. Jing'an said that there were no metal tools at that time. (He) also mentioned the words of the Canadian Ming Yishi: "Ox bones and tortoise bones are carved with mouse teeth." Teacher Li took out a piece of stone that looked like quartz, and said that this kind of stone can be carved [cut] ...The silky half cocoon shell was obviously cut with a sharp instrument. When inspected with a microscope, the cut part is straight and the cocoon shell still glows. Compared with the silkworm cocoon in Xiyin Village, it is smaller than the smallest one. a little.In the exhibition, Li Ji especially emphasized: "The place where the cocoon is buried is almost at the bottom of the pit. It will not be invaded later, because there is no trace of disturbed soil on that side; it will not be spit out by wild insects occasionally, Because it was cut artificially." And this half of the silkworm cocoon cut by a sharp instrument is a kind of "cultural relic... This discovery opened up a new way for us to study prehistory in northern China. China has a history There are records about sericulture, which is an index of Chinese culture, and it is more reliable than the Tao Ding and Tao Li mentioned by Andersen.”

Liang Qichao listened to the long report made by Li and Yuan and observed the real objects. He was excited and overjoyed. On the night he returned to his apartment, he wrote a letter to his son Liang Siyong who was far away on the other side of the ocean with great interest. A long letter of more than 2,000 words.The letter said passionately, "He (according to the south: Li Ji) transported the seventy-six boxes of grades to our school safely, opened them one after another, and displayed them in our newly established archaeological room. Tonight, he and Yuan Fuli (yes His companion, who majored in geology), gave a long report speech at the tea party of the research institute. Although we laymen listened to it, we were also very interested. In their speech, they also said that the two of them were "archaeologists who became monks halfway through" (Ji The person who really specializes in archeology is still in the United States—the son of Mr. Liang. "I am happy for you and scared for you. How can you be worthy of being the first archaeologist in China?" It takes a lot of hard work to earn the honor of being a specialist."

Liang Qichao said in his letter that the unearthed artifacts include bronze, stone, bone, and complex pottery patterns: "In addition, what they are most proud of is getting half a silkworm cocoon, which proves that silk was already made in the Stone Age... In the past few years (after the ninth year of the Republic of China), the pottery with such patterns unearthed by the Swedish Andersen in Gansu and Fengtian strongly advocated the theory that Chinese culture came from the West, and after this excavation, they want to overturn this case." "( Li Ji) said, "Looking at China from the perspective of an archaeologist, gold is everywhere, but unfortunately no one will pick it." Liang Qichao once again suggested to his son that "working with Li and Yuan must be very beneficial" after returning to China.He also said, "Even if you can't go out to do field excavations due to the turmoil in the current situation, you can follow Li Ji indoors to sort out the 76 boxes of utensils, and this year's time will not be wasted..." The hearty pen and ink reveals a father's love for his son. The licking love and ardent expectations.According to Liang Qichao's plan, he also wants Liang Siyong to enrich his knowledge of ancient cultural relics, visit a few more newly established museums, and then go to Europe for further studies for a few years, and then return to China to try his hand at field archeology , will definitely create a great cause. Liang Siyong accepted his father's suggestion and returned to China in July 1927.Sadly, at this time, Wang Guowei, one of the "Four Great Mentors" of the Academy of Chinese Studies, had drilled into the bottom of the lake and was destined to go to Huangquan. Li Ji's field excavation plan also came to naught. During Wang Guowei's two years of teaching at Tsinghua University, although his life has become calmer and his knowledge has become more sophisticated, he still "always thinks about Jinyuan". There are rulers but no ministers" and worry. In May 1927, I heard that the Northern Expedition Army led by Chiang Kai-shek, the commander-in-chief, went all the way like a broken bamboo, and attacked the city and conquered Henan. It was about to cross the Yellow River north, sweep North China, and enter the capital.He also heard that Lianghu scholars Ye Dehui, Wang Baoxin and other famous Confucianists were arrested and beheaded by the Northern Expeditionary Army or the Peasant Association. Conspire with Wu Mi, Chen Yinke and other friends to deal with the situation.During the period, some people advised him to avoid living abroad, but Master Wang was always hesitant, but often sat in his room late at night and wept. Postponed to June 1st, the second batch of students from Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies graduated. After the ceremony, a "farewell party for teachers and students" was held in the afternoon.Professors Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Chen Yinke, and Zhao Yuanren each had a seat, and Li Ji, Mei Yiqi, etc. were present, and the teachers and students talked about their farewell.According to Bai Sheng, a graduate student who was present at the time, he recalled: "Mr. Zuozhong (Wang Guowei) talked about Mongolian affairs very well for us, and his graceful and elegant attitude was very touching." The banquet was about to end, and Liang Qichao stood up to deliver a speech, describing the history of the students. Research results, and said: "If our school continues to work hard, it will undoubtedly become an important center of Chinese studies." Everyone listened, and Wang Guowei also nodded to express his agreement.After the banquet, Wang Guowei said goodbye to all the teachers and students as usual, and then followed Chen Yinke to Chen's house in the south courtyard, where they chatted until evening.That night, Mrs. Wang met with Xie Guozhen and other classmates in her house, and they still talked and laughed happily. On the morning of June 2, Wang Guowei finished his meal and went to work in the research institute at 8:00. The cooking affairs were as usual, and he talked with his colleagues about the enrollment of the next semester.Then he borrowed five yuan from the clerk Hou Houpei strangely, walked out of Tsinghua Garden alone and quietly, hired a foreign car at the west gate of the school, and went to the Summer Palace in Sanlidi, bought a ticket for six cents, and asked the driver to wait there At about ten o'clock, I walked alone to the garden.In the garden, Wang Guowei wandered silently between the corridors, then walked to the Kunming Lake in front of the Yuzao Pavilion to meditate independently, and smoked a cigarette. At about eleven o'clock, he carried the remaining four yuan and four jiao and one A short suicide note was written on the paper, "In fifty years, I only owe one death. After the changes in this world, I will never be humiliated again. After I die, I will be buried in a coffin in a hasty coffin, and I will be buried in the Tsinghua cemetery." into the bottom of the lake.Although some gardeners "suddenly heard the sound of falling water and rushed to help", Wang's head had been inserted into the mud, and he died within two minutes. ——Master Dai Guoxue bid farewell to the mortal world, full of blood, pain and sorrow, at the age of 51. The news of Wang Guowei's sinking into the lake and his death caused an uproar in the academic circles across the country.Chen Yinke, one of the "Four Great Mentors" of the Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies, wrote a sad and desolate elegiac couplet with his profound academic attainments and sharp insight into the world with extreme sadness and grief: For seventeen years, the soul of the family and the country have been lost for a long time, and there are still water and mountains left, leaving the tired ministers to die. Five thousand volumes of toothpicks are touched by new hands, and strange characters in Xuanwen are waiting for inspection. Chen Yinke's poems have always been known to be obscure and difficult to understand. This poem is an exception, but the understanding of individual words has also caused endless debates in the academic circles.Wang Guowei once said in his suicide note that "books can be entrusted to Mr. Chen and Wu Er to handle them". The so-called "absurd inheritance of will" in Chen's poems refers specifically to Wang's suicide note.Obviously, Wang Guowei regards Chen Yinke and Wu Mi as his confidants.In the face of his confidant, Chen uttered a deep mourning in "Double Sadness", "Dare to cry out your personal friendship, and lose your life in the cultural Shenzhou", "Feng Yi's life is between teachers and friends, and the soul is full of sorrow and anger". The reason why Wang Guowei's death caused Chen Yinke to be so sad is that it has a great relationship with the deep friendship they formed in the past years, and the resonance of destiny and human affairs in the depths of their hearts. Faced with Wang's bizarre suicide by jumping into a lake, the academic circles were shocked. At the same time, there were various speculations and discussions about the cause of his death. As a result, many theories have been circulated in the world, such as the theory of sacrifice to the Qing Dynasty, the theory of self-sacrifice to the culture, and the pessimistic theory. When mourning, Luo Zhenyu forced debts to death, Wang Guowei's "wives and concubines were humiliated" and so on.The death of Wang's family has become a mystery that people say differently. After Wang Guowei's body was buried, Chen Yinke explained and commented on the cause of his death in "Mr. Wang Guantang's Elegy and Preface". .In Chen Yinke's eyes, Wang Guowei is both a teacher and a friend, and one who can rarely be cited as a confidant. Wang's suicide was definitely not due to personal grievances as the world said, or the economic debt collection that Puyi said later, etc. .The real cause of Wang's death was that he died for his culture. He died because he couldn't bear to see the sad ending of the Chinese culture that was about to decline. Similar to the "corpse remonstrance" struggle.With his deep understanding and sympathy for his teachers and friends, Chen Yinke said in the elegy: "When a culture is declining, the people transformed by this culture will feel pain. The more extensive it is to express this culture, Then the pain he suffers will be even worse; since the death has reached an extremely deep degree, it is almost not a suicide, and he has done nothing to seek peace of mind." He also said: "Today's Chixian Shenzhou is worth thousands of years. Unprecedented great catastrophe and sudden change. After the catastrophe becomes poor, how can the people who are condensed by this cultural spirit die together without sharing their fate? The reason why Mr. Guantang had to die is to be greatly mourned and cherished by future generations Those too. As for the vulgar theory of grievances, grievances, honors, disgraces, committees, trivialities, and filth, they are not enough to discuss, so they don’t reach the cloud.” As soon as Chen Yinke's elegy and preface came out, people at the time praised them one after another. Wang Guowei's friend and relative, Luo Zhenyu, a famous oracle bone scientist, praised it even more, saying: "The rhetoric and reason are combined, and it is the crown of all works for mourning. "Summer Palace Ci" and "The Difficult Road to Shu" in Tang Ji are more beautiful; the posthumous posthumous title bestowed on Wang by Emperor Pu Yi of Zhongxi (Southern Press: The posthumous title bestowed on Wang by Xundi Puyi) is on my side." Obviously, Chen's theory is closer to the essence of the facts and Wang's inner pain than the world's rumors or Puyi's hearsay.As the confidant of the deceased, Chen Yinke thought deeply about him so far, Wang Guowei should nod his head under Jiuquan. He is a great poet, a university student, and a greater philosopher, and his heart shines brightly all over the world.A filial son for the family, a pure minister for the country, a forerunner for the world, one who mourns for himself, and who must cry for the world. ——This is an elegiac couplet written by Wang Guowei when Shen Zengzhi, a confidant of Wang Guowei and a teacher of Chen Yinke in the late Qing Dynasty, died in 1922. His grief is beyond words.When the Wang Guowei Monument was completed in Tsinghua Garden, Chen Yinke wrote an immortal inscription for him with great compassion, great wish, clear philosophy and profound thoughts: Scholars study and study, and they will get rid of the shackles of the common truth, so that the truth can be carried forward.Give thought to freedom, or to death.The essence of martyrdom in ancient and modern sanctuaries, how can I dare to hope for mediocrity.The husband sees his independent and free will through death, not about the grievances of one person, the rise and fall of a family name.Alas!The tree is here and the stone is in the lecture house, and it is mourning and never forgetting.It shows the strange festivals of philosophers, and tells the vastness of real slaughter.Those who do not know the afterlife, Mr.'s writings, or sometimes not chapters.Mr.'s theory may sometimes be discussed.But this independent spirit, free thought, has been sacrificed for thousands of years, and it will last as long as the world, with three lights and eternal light. The cultural feelings of "independent spirit and free thought" expressed by Chen Yinke through the inscription, such as the sky bursting, and the fire bursting out, once again showed the inner cultural essence and human brilliance. .As soon as this article came out, the world was moved by it. The Kingdom of Witt left in a strange and mysterious way. While leaving a series of mysteries to the world, it also revealed an ominous omen. One of the "four pillars" of Tsinghua National Academy broke suddenly, and the other was in danger. To collapse—this is Liang Qichao, who is known as Taishan Beidou in the academic circle, and was praised by Chen Yinke as "the hero of Tsinghua University, and the new society is called Qizhe". As early as the beginning of 1926, Liang Qichao was unable to heal due to hematuria for a long time. Regardless of the opposition of his friends, he resolutely was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital and underwent nephrectomy on March 16.Unfortunately, during the operation, the "doctor sent by the US imperialists", Liu Ruiheng, the president of Xiehe Hospital, and his assistants accidentally cut off the sound "good kidney" (right kidney), and the weak spring of life only depends on the remaining One of the "bad kidneys" (left kidney) to maintain the supply. At this time, Western medicine was not firmly established in China, and it was greatly questioned. The main host of the operation was Liu Ruiheng, a doctor of medicine who graduated from Harvard University in the United States and the dean of Union Medical College.Liu's deputy is a purebred American, a well-known surgeon.In order to maintain the social reputation of western medicine so that this science can take root in China, regarding this accident of "taking human life as a trifle", as a personal victim, after "he has proved that the operation was made by Xie He and Meng Lang, he cut off the right He has seen the kidney, and it is not sick at all. He blames Xiehe for being careless and taking human life as a joke. Xiehe has admitted it. This disease is not a surgery, but an internal medicine." Under such circumstances, Liang Qichao not only did not sue the hospital, but on the contrary, when his students Chen Yuan, Xu Zhimo and others criticized the Union Hospital through the media for "losing the waist" (in Xu Zhimo's language), Liang Qichao still We regard Western medicine as the representative of science, and believe that maintaining the image of Western medicine is the cause of maintaining science and the progress of human civilization.He prohibited Xu Zhimo and others from appealing to the court without asking for any compensation or apology. On June 2, 1926, "Morning News Supplement" published Liang Qichao's article "My Disease and Xiehe Hospital", which described the whole process of his operation in detail, and at the same time affirmed that Xiehe's medical treatment was effective.Liang Qichao said: "After being discharged from the hospital, I still continue to take Xiehe medicine until today. Although the disease is not clear, it is indeed much better than before the operation. I think if I can really give up Pepsi and absolutely rest, after three or two months, It should be completely recovered. As for other illnesses, there is nothing at all." As for whether the right kidney should be removed, Liang Qichao pointed out that Xiehe is not responsible.He said: "Whether the right kidney must be removed is a medical question, and we laymen can't judge it. However, during the three diagnoses, I was only partially drugged, and my mind was still clear. It is very clear to see layer by layer. According to the view at that time, the crime was in the right kidney, so there was absolutely no doubt about it. In retrospect, it was not known whether he "didn't deserve to die" or "the punishment was not appropriate for the crime". It is hard to know except for experts. But there is something wrong with the right kidney, which is probably not suspicious. I feel wronged to say that it is doctor Meng Lang." Using my current illness as an excuse, a reactionary paradox was born, which is an obstacle to the future progress of Chinese medicine. This is the subtle meaning of my short article." Liang Qichao silently endured the torment and pain in his heart, and safeguarded the cause of science and progress he believed in, at the cost of his entire life.It is not so much that Liang Qichao's "lost waist" was victimized by his "scientific belief", it is better to say that the sacrifice he made for science is more rational and humane. On June 5 of this year, Liang Qichao euphemistically said in a letter to his daughter Liang Sishun: "Recently, my illness has aroused a lot of discussion. Several Beijing newspapers attacked Xiehe ("Modern Review" and "Society Daily" attacked Xiehe the most) Great), I have a short article published in the "Morning News Supplement", which is semi-defensive in nature, and I have seen it later. Cherish it, say it’s the same as before.) It only costs a few hundred dollars, and it’s worth the pain for more than ten days in exchange for peace of mind. Although the illness is not clear yet, it is indeed much better, and it is getting better every day, or It’s because Xiehe’s medicine is effective (I’m still taking it now), or it’s the effect of rest. I can’t rest very much now (I’m about to graduate and I have to read the students’ grades carefully), and I’ll go to Beidaihe in half a month. It will definitely be better.” Let Liang Sishun see What happened was that not only Liang Qichao's trip to Beidaihe failed to take place, but his original ideal was also shattered. With the passage of time, especially the endless melee between party members and warlords and the rapid social turmoil amidst the horns of "revolution" and "down", Liang Qichao, who was ill, fell into a state of anxiety. On January 2, 1927, he said in a letter to his children: "The changes in the current situation are extremely worrying. The end of the Northern Warlords has come, so it is no longer a problem. No one dares to insure the fate of the Beijing government for half a year, but one party No one can see the light of the autocratic situation. What is especially frightening is that workers are used to agitate labor unrest. Now nine of the large and small shops in Hankou and Jiujiang cannot be opened, and the driver has to eat at the same table as the owner. As a result, the middle class can no longer survive. (I think when they arrived in Beijing, apart from being compelled to die by party ideas, I could barely live there, because the workers in our family, Lao Guo, Lao Wu, and Tang Wu, were probably not as close as we were. Make trouble. Your second uncle is afraid that the second uncle will buy the vegetables himself, and the second aunt will cook by himself.) And all the legitimate workers are unemployed. It is easy to set fire but difficult to put out the fire, and the party members do not know how to deal with the aftermath. Now The wandering souls of the warlords are still there, and we do not want to declare war on the partisans. After the reunification of that generation, we will eventually have to compete with them for the freedom of the majority.” At this time, Liang Qichao was dissatisfied with the northern warlords, the Communist Party, and the Kuomintang.In his public speeches and letters to his friends and children, he expressed this idea frankly many times: "Recently, the Kuomintang was originally the Communist Party who ran away to resurrect the dead. During the 12th and 13th years of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang has reached sunset In the current situation, Sun Wendong colluded with this warlord, and Xi colluded with that warlord—such as Duan Qirui, Zhang Zuolin, etc.—still could not develop. It happened that the Russians failed repeatedly in Poland and Turkey, and decided to "defend the west and advance east". Seeing that the dying Kuomintang could be used, he took 800,000 yuan and a large bill of ammunition as bait. The unscrupulous Sun Wen has a long way to go (poor), perverts, and is willing Luring wolves into the house. In his later years, Sun Wen had become a puppet of Soviet Russia without any freedom. (When Sun Wen fell ill in Beijing, all actions were under the supervision of Bo Luoting and Wang Jingwei. According to the permission of the court, every morning, Bao or Bao's wife would be in front of the sick bed for two or three o'clock, and Bao's grandchildren would breathe a sigh of relief every day. This is what the Kuomintang people said recently, and it is absolutely true.) Since the establishment of the Whampoa Military Officers [School], there have been only activities of the Communist Party, where there has been no activity of the Kuomintang. That is to say, in terms of this Northern Expedition, from Guangdong to the occupation of Shanghai, which battle was not successful under the command of the Russians. (To tell the truth It’s shameful, it’s simply the Russians who came to revolutionize us.) The party’s slogans are all designated by the Third International, such as “Down with imperialism, down with the capitalist class, etc., which one is not blown out of Moscow’s loudspeakers. Apart from these, the Kuomintang What other goal is there to guide the people?" He also said: "Siyong wrote a letter saying that he was very sympathetic to communism. Those who have fallen into this kind of drug, that is, the young people of the whole country, can't help but worry about the future of China." At this time, Liang Qichao was not only worried for his son, but also became more and more nervous as the situation developed. On April 2, 1927, he wrote to his daughter Liang Sishun: "I probably have to go into exile, but considering the current situation, I may last until the summer vacation. I originally planned to return to Tianjin in a few days, but now I plan to do it later. The letter to the children on the 19th also said: "Mr. Nanhai died suddenly in Qingdao. We cried for him in Beijing the day before yesterday, so sad. I have seen my funeral oration in the "Morning News". It's very pitiful, I got a telegram, and I hurried to wire a few hundred yuan to make a hasty funeral." On May 31, he said: "I planned to leave school during the summer vacation. The situation in the north has changed dramatically in the past two days. Yesterday and today I connected to the city phone for two days, urged to hurry, and ran away in a hurry, which is ridiculous. Fortunately, the proofreading has just been completed, and this year's class has finally been completed, and my conscience is very good. I am checking my luggage today, ( Because many important book manuscripts are planned to be taken to Tianjin.) In the afternoon, I hurriedly took the old white nose to the grave to look, (because this time I left Beijing, it may take a long time to come again.) I stayed up all night, lit Lax finished school homework and other chores, and drove to Tianjin tomorrow morning." The next day, Liang Qichao entered the city and had not yet boarded the car to return to Tianjin. He suddenly received the bad news that Wang Guowei had come from Shen’s Summer Palace. In shock, he rushed back to Tsinghua University to attend to Wang’s funeral. He did not return to Tianjin until the 8th. Fate and human affairs, accompanied by nightmares like knives and needles, constantly entangled Liang's body and mind. His originally very weak body became more and more exhausted.When the rabbit died and the fox was sad, Liang's body collapsed all of a sudden, and he had to go to the hospital repeatedly for treatment, and continued to rely on blood transfusions to maintain his life. In the summer of this year, Liang Siyong returned from overseas and wanted to start a career. Due to the chaotic current situation, the fierce battle between the party members and warlords of various factions was in full swing, so Li Ji made careful plans to go to Shanxi and Northwest China with Liang Siyong. The two field archaeological excavations in the area all came to naught.Liang Siyong had no choice but to stay temporarily as Liang Qichao's teaching assistant at the Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies. Apart from visiting the Palace Museum and the History Museum in the city, and consulting Guo Baochang and other famous porcelain appraisers and cultural relics experts, he spent most of his time studying Chinese studies at Tsinghua University. The antiquities showroom of the Academy organizes and studies the antiquities specimens brought back by Li Ji from the field archaeological excavations of Xiyin Village. At the end of May 1928, when the semester of Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies was over, Liang Qichao finished reviewing the students' papers and was exhausted, so he asked for leave and returned to Tianjin to recuperate. On June 8, the Northern Expedition Army defeated the Feng faction warlords and captured the capital. The Beiyang government declared its collapse, and the Nationalist government changed Beijing to Peiping.Mei Yiqi "temporarily acts as the school administrator" for Tsinghua School, waiting to take over.Not long after, Liang Siyong went to the United States again for further studies with his unfinished research report and a heart of pain and blood.When he just stepped out of the country, the god of death quietly approached Liang Rengong's mansion, and the father and son's parting became an eternal farewell. On August 17, the Nanjing Nationalist Government resolved to change Tsinghua School into National Tsinghua University, and appointed Luo Jialun, one of the student leaders of the "May 4th Movement" and a famous "sea turtle" who studied in Europe and America, as the principal.Since then, Shuimu Tsinghua has entered a new era. At the end of September of this year, Liang Qichao was admitted to Union Medical College Hospital again. During his treatment, he asked someone to find Xin Qiji's materials in order to write "Xin Jiaxuan Chronicle".One day, she suddenly received books such as "Xinzhou Fu Zhi" from a friend. Liang was overjoyed, so regardless of his illness, he was discharged from the hospital with the books and returned to his home in Tianjin to help the sick. He continued to write for seven days.At this time, the god of death had already started to "bang bang" on the monster-shaped copper ring at the gate of the Liang Mansion. On January 19, 1929, Liang Qichao died of illness in Peking Union Medical College Hospital at the age of 57.When the sad news came out, the world in the academic and political circles mourned. Tsinghua University colleagues held the coffin and wept bitterly. Liang's old friends, students and family members wept uncontrollably. Mount Tai collapsed, the beams and pillars were broken, and the philosopher was gone.In the midst of great grief, the survivors in the world uttered the lament of "the pain is so hard to endure, the whole world is sick, and the mourning is gentle and compassionate". Four months later, the Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies announced its disintegration. In the summer of 1930, Liang Siyong returned to China after receiving a master's degree from Harvard University in the United States. At this time, Li Ji had left Tsinghua University to join the Institute of History and Language, Academia Sinica, as the director of the archaeological group.Reminiscing about the past, Li Ji recommended Liang Siyong to Fu Sinian, director of the Institute of History and Philology, and assigned him to work in the archaeological team.Since then, following Liang Qichao, the God of Destiny has endowed Li Ji with a unique karma. He and Liang Sicheng and Liang Siyong brothers have started a life journey of close cooperation and communication for nearly 20 years.