Chapter 58 Appendix II: Chronicle of Ulysses Joyce

/Wen Jieruo Born on March 2, 1882 in a Catholic family in Rath Mainz, a southern suburb of Dublin.His father, John Joyce (1849-1931), was a tax commissioner. He and his wife Millie Jane (1859-1903) had four sons and six daughters. Joyce was the eldest son. In 1886 (4 years old), British Prime Minister Gladstone's "Autonomous Act" was not passed. On September 1, 1888 (6 years old), he entered Klongows Forest School in Shalins, Kidder County. The principal was Father Conmi, the president of the Catholic Jesuit Society.Joyce was the youngest of the students. In 1890 (8 years old), Irish nationalist leader Barnell lost the presidency of the Dominion Union.

1891 (9 years old) Joyce dropped out of school in June because his father lost his job.In October of the same year, Parnell died. Out of sympathy for Parnell, Joyce wrote a satirical poem "Healy, so do you!" ".Healy was the leader of the Irish Self-Government Movement and the Land Reform Movement. He had a close relationship with Parnell, but broke with Parnell at a critical moment. In 1893 (11 years old), Joyce entered the third grade of Belvidere Public School on April 6th after being introduced by Father Commee.The school was also founded by the Jesuits, and he once wanted to be a priest.Since the 19th century, the Irish Renaissance movement centered on Yeats, Mrs. Gregory and Singer has been formed in Dublin, and he has been directly and indirectly influenced.Through friends, he was also influenced by the Irish National Independence Movement.He was more strongly influenced, however, by the idea of ​​freedom that emerged in European literature at the end of the nineteenth century.Before he left high school, he had doubts about his religious beliefs.

In 1897 (15 years old), he won the best composition award in Ireland. In September 1898 (16 years old), he entered the Dublin College of the Royal University, specializing in philosophy and language.During the school period, he read a lot of books. In order to read the original works of Ibsen, the writer he admired most, he learned Danish and Norwegian. On January 20, 1900 (18 years old), he delivered a speech at the Academy's Literary and Historical Association on the topic "Drama and Life".On April 1st, the British literary magazine "Half-Moon Review" published his review of Ibsen's work "When We Die and Awaken" (1899): "Ibsen's New Play".This article was praised by Ibsen, who was over seventy years old, which greatly encouraged Joyce, thus strengthening his determination to embark on the road of literature.

In October 1901 (19 years old), he wrote the article "The Times of Noise", criticizing the narrow nationalism of the Irish Literary Theatre, and published it at his own expense. In the summer of 1902 (20 years old), I met Yeats and Mrs. Gregory, a playwright.Received a bachelor's degree in October and entered St. Cecilia Medical College, but dropped out because he could not pay the tuition.Went to Paris in early December and returned to Dublin in late December. He left Dublin again on January 17, 1903 (21 years old) and arrived in Paris on the 23rd, earning a living by writing book reviews and teaching English.On April 10, I received a telegram that my mother was critically ill and returned home.On August 13th, my mother passed away.Befriend Oliver Gogarty in Dublin.

In 1904 (at the age of 22), he began to write the autobiographical novel "Portrait of the Artist in His Youth", and decided to rewrite it as a novel on February 2.Substituted at a private Clifton School in Dalkey from March to end of June.On the 10th of June, during a walk, I met Nora Barnacle, and it was love at first sight.On the evening of the 16th (Bloom's day), the two met for the first time.During this period, I wrote some short stories that were later collected in "Dubliners" and published in local newspapers.Under the pen name of Stephen Dedalus, a short story was published in the Irish Homeland, August 13th.On September 9, lived in the round turret of Sand Bay with Gogarty.Also living with Gogarty's friend Samuel Trench (a student at Oxford University).On the 19th, because he didn't like Gogarty, he left the turret and returned to his father's house.In the first ten days of October, I went to the mainland with Nora, and got in touch with the position of teaching English in Switzerland.Passed through Paris and arrived in Zurich on the 11th.However, the teaching job was vacant, and he went to teach at the Belize language school in Pola in early November.Pola was a hundred and fifty miles south of Trieste (then part of Austria).

In March 1905 (23 years old), he transferred to the Belize language school in Trieste to teach.In July, because there was a vacancy in the teaching post, my younger brother Stanislaus was called.In the same month, the eldest son Georgia was born.On December 3, the original twelve articles of "Dubliners" (three additional articles) were sent to the publisher Richards. In 1906 (24 years old), he went to Rome at the end of July and worked as a correspondent in a bank.In a letter to Stanislaus on September 30th about the idea of ​​a short story.The protagonist is a Jew living in Dublin.But he did not write this short story at that time.Since April, I have been in an exchange with Richards about rewriting the short story collection "Dubliners".Received a letter refusing to publish on September 30.

1907 (25 years old) resigned from the bank job on March 5, returned to Trieste in July, and still taught at the original school.In May, the collection of lyric poems "Chamber Music" written in the early years was published.In July, the eldest daughter Lucia Anna was born.He resigned from teaching to teach English individually. In March 1908 (26 years old), translated Singer's "The Man Riding into the Sea" (a tragedy staged in 1904) into Italian.At the end of May, I suffered from iritis. In 1909 (27 years old), in order to negotiate the publication of "Dubliners", he returned to Dublin in July, stayed at his father's house, and signed a publishing contract with Munsell Publishing House for "Dubliners".Return to Trieste in September.Returned to Dublin in October, and opened Walter Cinemas in December with the sponsorship of four entrepreneurs.

On January 2, 1910 (age 28), accompanied by his sister Irene, he returned to Trieste.In July, the loss-making Walter Cinema was sold to others. On February 9, 1911 (age 29), Munsell Press sent a letter requesting that all records involving Edward VII be deleted.About this time he threw the manuscript of "Stephen's Heroes" into the fire, and it was fortunate that his sister, Irene, was present, and snatched it out. Returned to Ireland for the last time in July 1912 (30 years old).Negotiations with Munsell Press break down.On September 11, the movable type plates were removed.That night, Joyce and his family left Dublin.On the way back to Trieste, he wrote a satirical poem "Gas from the Mouth" directed at the publisher Roberts.

In 1913 (31 years old), he continued to teach English individually while teaching at the Levotera Higher Commercial School (the predecessor of the University of Trieste).On December 15th, through Yeats' introduction, Irene La Pound wrote to ask him to send his works. In 1914 (32 years old), introduced by Pound, from February 2nd to the September issue of the following year, "The Artist's Life in Youth" was serialized twenty-five times in the "Solipsist" magazine. Portrayal".On January 29, Richards agreed to publish The Dubliners, which came out on June 15.That month, I started writing the third chapter.

1915 (33 years old) moved to Zurich in late June.Continue to teach English individually.After being promoted by Pound, Yeats and others, he received a subsidy from the Royal Literature Fund. In 1916 (at the age of 34), with the full assistance of Harriet Weaver, editor-in-chief of "Solipsist", "Dubliners" and "Portraits of Artists in Youth" were published in the United States. In February 1917 (35 years old), glaucoma relapsed.On 12 February, the UK edition of Portraiture was published by Solipsist Press in London.On August 18, surgery was performed on the right eye.

In 1918 (36 years old), it was introduced by Pound and serialized in the March issue of the American "Little Review" magazine.In May, the British version of "The Exile" "Grant Richards" and the American version (Hugh Bush) came out at the same time.He co-founded the British Actors Troupe with his friend Claude Sykes. In the summer, he toured Lausanne, Geneva and other cities to perform Oscar Wilde's "The Importance of Being Named Ernest", and performed George Bernard Shaw's "The Importance of Being Named Ernest" in Zurich in September. Mrs. Loren's Profession, and some other English plays. In 1919 (37 years old), Harriet Weaver began to support Joyce financially from May until the funeral after his death.On August 7, "The Exile" was staged in Munich.In mid-October, he returned to Trieste and went to teach at Levotera Higher Commercial School. In 1920 (age 38), under Pound's persuasion, he decided to move to Paris and arrived in Paris on July 8.On the 11th, I met Sylvia Bigge from Shakespeare's Bookstore.On August 15th, the poet T. S. Eliot and two others visited.Complete Chapter 15 on December 20th. In 1921 (39 years old), the magazine "Little Review" was accused of publishing obscene works in New York and was convicted of serialization.On April 10, signed a publishing contract with Sylvia Birch and collected 1,000 reservations.Those who made an appointment included Yeats, Pound, Gide, Hemingway, etc.Meet Marcel Proust at a friend's house in May.On October 29, the manuscript was completed. Sample received on birthday (February 2) in 1922 (age 40).In August, he and his wife went to London and met Harriet Weaver for the first time.Due to worsening eye disease, he hurried back to Paris.Beginning to conceive Finnegans Wake. On March 10, 1923 (age 41), he started writing "Finnegans Wake". In March 1924 (age 42), the French translation of "Portrait of the Artist in His Youth" was published and renamed "Dedalus".Part of the French translation was published in the magazine "Communication".In April, Transatlantic Review published the beginning of Finnegans Wake.In that year, Virginia Woolf published a pamphlet "Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown" in support of Joyce's work.The First Forty Years of James Joyce by Harvard Gorman is published. On February 19, 1925 (age 43), "The Exile" was staged at the Neva Verde Theater in New York.Published Chapter 5 of Finnegans Wake in the July issue of Claytierion. On February 14th and 15th, 1926 (age 44), "The Exile" was staged at the Regent Theater in London. In 1927 (45 years old), the collection of lyric poems "A Poem for a Penny" was published by Shakespeare's bookstore.published in German translation. In February 1929 (47 years old), the French translation was published.On April 25, son Georgia made his debut as a bass singer.Daughter Lucia has abnormal neurological symptoms. In 1930 (48 years old), the German translation was published in the third edition.In late December, commissioned by Joyce himself, Harvard Gorman began writing his biography.Stuart Gilbert's James Joyce's Ulysses, published by Faber and Faber, emphasizes the work's classicist character and symbolism. (A revised edition of this book was published in 1952.) In April 1931 (age 49), he went to London with his wife and daughter.The Fourth of July was the birthday of his father John, and Joyce chose this day to formally marry Nora in London.Twenty-seven years had passed since she eloped with Nora in 1904, against her father's wishes.On December 29, his father died in Dublin. On February 15, 1932 (50 years old), grandson Stephen James Joyce was born.The Japanese translation is published by Iwanami Shoten.Joyce himself thought it was pirated, but according to Japanese copyright law, foreign works are only entitled to copyright for ten years. On December 6, 1933 (51 years old), Judge Ursey in New York ruled that it was not an obscene work. In January 1934 (52 years old), in order to ensure copyright, Random House in New York published 100 copies first.James Joyce and the Creation of Ulysses by Frank Burzen, published by Grayson and Grayson Press, London (revised edition published by Indiana University Press, USA, 1967). In July 1935 (age 53), her daughter Lucia had a neurological attack, causing Joyce to have nightmares for a week, constantly troubled by hallucinations. In July 1936 (54 years old), Lucia's "Introduction to Chaucer" written by Lucia was published as her birthday (June 26) gift.In December, "Poetry Collection" was published. In October 1937 (age 55), "Young and Introverted Strela" was published in London. On November 13, 1938 (age 56), "Finnegans Wake" was completed.Joyce mobilized his friends to do proofreading, which was completed by the end of the year. On May 4, 1939 (age 57), "Finnegans Wake" was published simultaneously in London and New York. On December 17, 1940 (58 years old), moved to Zurich.Harvard Gorman's James Joyce is published. On January 10, 1941 (59 years old), he was hospitalized due to abdominal cramps, and it was found to be a perforated duodenal ulcer. He died in the early morning of the 13th.On the 15th, he was buried in the Flintheron cemetery in Zurich. The Times of London published a eulogy for Joyce's lack of understanding. T. S. Eliot immediately wrote an article to protest, and published the article "Book of Telling Fish" in the March issue of "Horizon" magazine to further counterattack.When Virginia Woolf received the obituary, she felt sorry for it. (She also committed suicide on March 28 of the same year.) In this year, Harry Levine wrote the book "James Joyce", which affirmed Joyce's position in the history of European literature. In 1942 T. S. Eliot's "Introduction to James Joyce" was published. In 1944 "Stephen Heroes" was published. In 1947 Richard Cain's "The Amazing Traveler - James Joyce's Ulysses" was published by the University of Chicago Press.The James Joyce Society is established in New York. In 1948, "The Joyce Review in Twenty Years" was published. Since February 13, 1950, the BBC has serially broadcast "A Portrait of James Joyce". 1951 In April, Nora Joyce died and was buried with Joyce. On June 16, 1954, the fiftieth anniversary of "Bloom Day" was held.Enthusiasts parade through the streets of Dublin from the round turret. On April 25, 1955, "Finnegans Wake" was adapted into "The Voice of Shem" by Millie Manny, which premiered at the Poets Theater in Cambridge, USA.On June 16, Joyce's brother Stanislaus died. In 1956, Hugh Kenner's "Joyce of Dublin" was published by Indiana University Press. In 1957, "The Letters of James Joyce" was published. On June 5, 1958, "Ulysses in the Night Street" adapted by Major Bakhonting had its premiere at the Luftop Theater in New York.My Brother's Patronus by Stanislaus Joyce is published. In 1959, "James Joyce Reviews" was published.Richard Ellman's biography, James Joyce, is published. In 1962 the City of Dublin decided to preserve the circular turret as the Joyce Museum.On June 16, writers and Joyce researchers from all over the world are invited to attend the inaugural meeting of the museum.The first person to sign the guestbook was Sylvia Bigge, the hostess of Shakespeare's Bookstore. In 1979, in the first volume (page 394) of his book "Guan Zhui Pian", Qian Zhongshu used the words and sentences in Chapter 15 to explain the words in "Historical Records". In 1981, Yuan Kejia, Dong Hengxun, and Zheng Kelu selected and edited the second volume of "Selected Foreign Modern Works" on "Stream of Consciousness" to include the Chinese translation of the second chapter, with a short commentary by Yuan Kejia. In 1982, activities were held around the world to commemorate the centenary of Joyce's birth.Zhu Hong, a researcher at the Institute of Foreign Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, gave a speech on "Joyce, the Pioneer of Western Modernist Literature" at the Beijing Memorial Conference.An international event is held in Dublin in June. "Bloom's Day" on June 16, 1984, a new version released simultaneously in the UK and the US. In 1987, Jin's section translation (fragments of chapters 2, 6, and 10 and chapters 15 and 18) was published in Tianjin. The first chapter jointly translated by Xiao Qian and Wen Jieruo in 1992 was published in the second issue of Yilin that year. In 1993, the third chapter jointly translated by Xiao Qian and Wen Jieruo appeared in the first issue of "Emei", the fifth chapter appeared in the January and February issues of "Hong Kong Literature", and the fourth chapter appeared in the third issue of "World Literature" , the thirteenth chapter was published separately in the fifth issue of "Foreign Literature and Art".The first volume (12 chapters) of the Jin translation was published in Taipei. In 1994, the preface of Xiao Qian's Chinese translation titled "Rebellion, Pioneering and Innovation" was published in the second issue of "World Literature" and "Hong Kong Literature" from March to May.The complete translation jointly translated by Xiao Qian and Wen Jieruo is published in Nanjing by Yilin Publishing House in three volumes (soft hardcover) and two volumes (hardcover).The first volume of the golden translation was published in Beijing. In 1995, the three-volume full translation jointly translated by Xiao Qian and Wen Jieruo was published by Times Publishing Company in Taipei.On April 19th and 20th, "Joyce and the Symposium" sponsored by Yilin Publishing House was held in Beijing. Ms. Dolan, Irish Ambassador to China, Robert Joyce, Director of the Joyce Research Center in Dublin, and Irish More than 20 scholars from China, the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia and my country made academic speeches at the meeting.Yilin Edition won the first prize of the Second National Excellent Foreign Literature Book Award sponsored by the Press and Publication Administration and the nomination award of the National Book Award.