Chapter 57 Appendix 1: Ulysses and the Odyssey (comparison)

(comparison) /Wen Jieruo It adopts a structure parallel to the plot of the ancient Greek epic "Odyssey" (or translated "Odyssey"). Ulysses is the hero Odysseus in this epic. Odysseus is his Greek name, Latin The name of the novel is Ulysses. Joyce compared the activities of the protagonist Blum in Dublin for a day with Ulysses's ten years of wandering. Joyce felt that the world he lived in was a reproduction of Homer's world. The novel endows the banality and triviality of modern urban life with tragic depth, making it a myth or an allegory that symbolizes ordinary human experience.

In the creation process, in order to highlight the theme of the three eighteen chapters, the author also used the names of people, places or plots of Homer's epic as the titles of each chapter.But when the novel was published, those chapters were not used in order to focus the reader's attention on the characters in the book.However, Western commentators still refer to the chapters of the past when referring to each chapter.This article briefly describes the main content of each chapter of the novel and the relationship with the relevant chapters of "The Odyssey". Part One: Telemacho

Chapter 1: Telemaco The time is 8 o'clock in the morning on June 16, 1904.Young Stephen Dedalus returns to Dublin from Paris because his mother is dying.After his mother died, and because his father, Simon, was drinking all day long, he ran away from home, rented a round turret, and made a living by teaching.Medical student Buck Mulligan moved in with him.Mulligan also brought in the Englishman Haynes.At the beginning of the novel, the three of them had breakfast and came to the beach.Mulligan took the keys to the turret, too.Stephen made up his mind not to go back to the Tower.Mulligan said to Stephen: "Japheth is looking for a father!" He compared Stephen to Japheth who was looking for his father Noah in the "Old Testament Genesis".It's just that Japheth and Telemachus in "The Odyssey" are looking for a biological father, but Stephen is looking for a spiritual father.The plot of Stephen leaving his biological father and finally finding a spiritual father, Bloom, is a metaphor for Joy, who did not participate in the Irish Renaissance movement of Yeats and others at home, and broke away from Catholicism and went into exile in Europe to write His own position. [According to Volume 1 of "The Odyssey", during the 20 years since Ulysses left his hometown of Idaca, his only son Teremacho has grown from a baby to a strong young man.On the advice of the goddess Athena, he set off for Puro and asked Nestor if he knew where his father was. 】

Chapter Two: Nestor Stephen works as a history teacher in the private elementary school of Principal Dish.It's Thursday and there are no classes in the afternoon.After school, he went to the principal's office to collect his salary.The headmaster enlightened him, handed him a draft letter about foot-and-mouth disease, and asked him to find a newspaper to publish. 【Principal Dish in this chapter alludes to King Nestor of Puro in Volume 3 of The Odyssey.Nestor was the eldest of the kings of the Akai who fought in the Tro war.He advised Telemacho to go to Lacedaemon and ask King Manelau about the whereabouts of Odysseus. 】

Chapter Three: Puluo Diao Eleven o'clock in the morning.Stephen walked out of the school and wandered on the sand dune beach.Abstract thoughts kept popping up in his mind.He tore out the blank space of the headmaster's original manuscript, and wrote down the words and phrases he thought of.The scenes in this chapter are blended together, the ever-changing sea and Stephen's abstract thinking represent Puluo Diao, an old man in the sea who can change his image arbitrarily. [This chapter echoes what Manelaus said to Telemako in Volume 4 of the Odyssey.After the war, Manelau and his wife Helen drifted to Egypt on their way home by boat.When returning to his hometown from Egypt, he captured Pu Luodiao, the old man in the sea.In order to get rid of him, Puluotiao turned into a lion, a leopard, a long snake, flowing water and a tree successively, but Manelao held him tightly.At last Plodia had to give in, and told Manelau all he wanted to know.The old man of the sea said that Ulysses was detained on an island by the goddess Calypso. 】

Part Two: The Wanderings of Ulysses Chapter Four: Calypso Eight o'clock in the morning.The protagonist of the novel, Leopold Bloom, appears.He was a Jew of Hungarian descent, and at this time was working as an advertisement for the "Free People".He likes to eat livestock and go into the water, so he went out and bought a pair of kidneys.After returning home, he brought breakfast to his wife, Marion, who was still awake.Marion is a well-known singer, and her lover Boylan (Playboy) will arrange for her to perform in other places recently.Bloom also gave his wife a letter and a postcard he had just received.The letter seemed to be from Boylan.The postcard is a thank you letter from my daughter Millie, who works in a photo studio in Mullingar City, after receiving a gift for her fifteenth birthday.The wife nonchalantly told Bloom that Boylan was sending her the program that afternoon.Bloom frets about it all day long, but he can't hold his head up in front of a beautiful wife who earns more than he does. [In the seventh volume of "Odyssey", Ulysses recalled that he was shipwrecked on the way back to his homeland, and all his subordinates were buried in the sea.He drifted to Ojugi Island alone.Calypso, the goddess of the island, fell in love with him and kept him there for seven years.This chapter compares Marion, who was born in Gibraltar, to this goddess.There are two legends about Ojugi Island: Gibraltar in Spain or Marta Island in Italy.Joyce had the former in mind. 】

Chapter 5: The race that eats wilted fruit Ten o'clock in the morning.Bloom, under the pseudonym Henry Flower, exchanged love letters with a typist named Martha Clifford.He had corresponded with Martha by placing an advertisement in the newspaper for an assistant.On this day, he went to the post office to pick up Martha's reply, and he couldn't help feeling elated after reading it.His pseudonym "Flower" means "flower", and Martha's letter contains a dead flower, both of which are related to flowers and fruits. [In Book IX of the Odyssey, Ulysses recounted that their party arrived at the place where the race that ate the fruit of the wilt lived.Those of Ulysses's men who ate the sweet vada did not want to go home. 】

Chapter Six: Eleven o'clock in the Underworld.Bloom rides to Dignam's funeral in a carriage.With him was Simon Dedalus, Stephen's father.Simon angrily said that Buck Mulligan had led his son astray.As the coffin and funeral van arrive at the cemetery, after the burial, Bloom wanders among the graves, reflecting on death through the death of his only son Rudy, who lived to only eleven days, and the suicide of his own father. [There are wonderful descriptions of the funeral and cemetery atmosphere in this chapter.It can be read in contrast to the scene in the eleventh volume of "Odyssey", which is recounted by Ulysses that he went to the underworld to inquire about his future destiny. 】

Chapter Seven: Noon of Eolo.Bloom went to the office of the "Freeman" to explain to the editor the pattern of the Keith store advertisement he had brought.Then, I went to the office of the Evening Telegraph.At this time Stephen also came.He wanted to recommend Principal Deasy's original manuscript to the paper.Editor-in-chief Crawford scoffed at the draft.Stephen got his salary that morning and invited everyone to the bar.There are quite a few descriptions of Gale in this chapter. [This chapter can be read in contrast to the story of the wind god recounted by Ulysses in Volume 10 of the Odyssey.The wind god Aiolo once entertained Ulysses and others on the island he ruled, and gave him a cowhide bag containing "all the winds" except the west wind.But when the west wind sent the ship home, Ulysses' subordinates thought that there was treasure in the bag, so they opened it without authorization.Then "all the winds" whined and flew out, and blew the ship back to the island of Eolo.Fengshen was furious and drove them away.The impact of the news coverage described in this chapter—the scoop about the Phoenix Park assassination that Crawford told Stephen—symbolizes the winds of modern society, and Stephen’s disappointment at the rejection of the headmaster’s manuscript symbolizes Ulysses' dismay at being blown back to where he was. 】

CHAPTER VIII: LESTRUCON One o'clock in the afternoon.Bloom went into the Burton, a cheap little restaurant.It's dirty and messy, people are wolfing down food, they're ugly, they're ugly.So he switched to another, better restaurant, owned by a man named David Byrne.After dinner, when he walked to the front of the library, he saw Boylan approaching, and he quickly ducked into the museum. [This chapter can be read in comparison with Ulysses’ recounting of the Lestrugongs who eat human flesh in Volume 10 of the Odyssey.Eleven of the twelve ships under Ulysses sailed into the port of Telepolo against his advice.The Lestrugong people threw huge stones from the cliffs to smash the boats, forked the people, and took them back to eat them.Only Ulysses managed to escape by mooring the ship outside the port. 】

Chapter Nine: Scully and Kalubdi It's two o'clock in the afternoon.Stephen speaks about Shakespeare at the library to an audience that includes the librarian as well as critics and scholars.Soon after, Bloom also came, but did not get involved in the discussion.He avoided Boylan, but faced the problem of discussing Shakespeare.He still dodged obediently. [This chapter may be read in contrast to the adventures of Ulysses in the twelfth book of the Odyssey recounting the sailing between the two cliffs.Squiuli had six heads and hid in a hole in a cliff on one side.Whenever a boat passed by the cave, each of the six heads took one person from the boat.On the other side of the cliff grows a jujube tree, and under the foot of the tree hides a terrible monster named Kalubdi.It sucks in seawater three times a day and spits it out again.If a ship passes by it while it is sucking water, it is bound to be swallowed up.So, when the boat arrived here, Ulysses steered the boat as close as possible to Scully.Despite the loss of six men, the rest survived. 】 Chapter Ten: You Yan from 3:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.This chapter is composed of nineteen fragments, each depicting the activities of various characters in Dublin.Among the dazzling portraits of characters, there are the governor, his wife and his attendants, Father Conmi, disabled soldiers, bookstall owners, etc.In the other sixteen chapters of this book, the scenes and the inner activities of the characters are all concentratedly written. Only this chapter combines the "stream of consciousness" of different people in different places at the same time.The most innovative in technique. [This chapter can be read in contrast to Ulysses' recounting of the swimming rocks in Book 12 of the Odyssey.Those are two steep rocks that have no foundation in the sea, but just float on the water.Sometimes the current brings them together and bumps against each other, and sometimes the tide separates them.There are huge waves in front of the rock, and even a bird cannot fly over it.Any ship that sails through it is bound to be destroyed.Ulysses avoided Yuyan and took the route between Squiuli and Carybdi instead. 】 Chapter Eleven: Sairon Four o'clock in the afternoon.Bloom dined at Ormond's.Boylan also came in for a moment, then left in a hurry.Bloom was uncomfortable at the thought of the man's imminent tryst with his wife.Simon Dedalus and Ben Dollard sang songs in tenor and bass, respectively, to applause.There Bloom returned a love letter to Martha Clifford.In this chapter, the author focuses on the arrangement of sounds, melodies, and concepts.It begins with a verse-like passage, which is the theme song of the chapter, which is dominated by music.Sai Lun, who has a human face and a bird body, has an incomparably beautiful singing voice. In order to make a point, the language with a strong tone and a strong sense of rhythm is used throughout the article, just like melodious and melodious music. [This chapter can be read in contrast to Ulysses' recounting that they passed the island where Sailun lived by boat in Book 12 of the "Odyssey".Ulysses put wax in the ears of his companions in advance, and ordered them to tie themselves to the mast with ropes.Anyone who heard Sailun's singing ran to the island and died.Ulysses escaped safely because he couldn't break free. 】 Chapter Twelve: The Cyclops Five o'clock in the afternoon.The venue is Barney Kiernan's Bar.Gathered here were Joe Hynes, a scoundrel nicknamed "Citizen", Jay Jay O'Molloy and others.Bloom also came because he had an appointment to meet Martin Cunningham here.Then the "citizens" attacked the Jews.As a Jew, Bloom couldn't bear it anymore. After he and Canniham got into the carriage, they confronted the "citizens" and said, "The Savior (Jesus) is a Jew...your God is a Jew just like me." "Citizens Angrily, he grabbed a biscuit tin and threw it at Bloom, but missed.Bloom and Canniham fled in a carriage. [This chapter is equivalent to the story of Ulysses recounting their dealing with the Cyclops Polyphemus in Book IX of the Odyssey.After drifting to the island of the Cyclops, Ulysses led twelve of his men into the cave of Polyfimo.Six of his men were eaten by the giant.Ulysses got the giant drunk, and with the assistance of his subordinates, he blinded the giant's one eye.They fled to the sea by boat, and the giant threw a big stone from the shore, but fortunately missed.Polyfimo was the son of Poseidon, the god of the sea.From then on, Ulysses and others were cursed by the sea god, so they could only continue to drift on the sea, unable to return to their hometown. 】 Chapter Thirteen: Nausica At eight o'clock in the evening.Three young girls are enjoying the shade on the dune beach near the turret.Edie brought a baby brother, and Cissy was coaxing twin brothers Tommy and Jackie to play.Gerty was very worried, because her boyfriend was shut up at home and studying hard, and she hadn't seen her for a long time.Bloom sat not far away, fascinated by Gerty's beauty.Getty, aware of Bloom's gaze, wondered: Maybe it would be nice to be married to such a middle-aged gentleman.Jackie's ball rolled past Bloom, who threw it back and landed under Gertie's skirt.When Getty kicked the ball back again, their eyes met unexpectedly.When Gertie leaves the beach, Bloom realizes that she is crippled.The first half of this chapter adopts the style of romantic love novels in the nineteenth century, focusing on Gerty, and the second half turns into Bloom's "stream of consciousness". [This chapter can be read in parallel with the story of Princess Nausicaa in Volume 6 of the Odyssey.Calypso was ordered by Zeus to let Ulysses leave the island and sail to his hometown.Because Poseidon called the wind and rain, he fell into the sea.With the help of the goddess Ino, he managed to climb up to the land of the Phoenicians and slept in the bushes.Nausicaa, the princess of the country, threw a ball and woke Ulysses, who came out of the bushes.Ulysses was well received in the palace.The king wanted to recruit him to be his son-in-law, but he politely declined because he still had a wife and children in his home country.Bloom and Getty are aware of each other and express affection with each other. This echoes the fact that although Ulysses and Princess Nausicaa have a good impression of each other, they never get closer.Finally, King Aginor prepared a ship and sent Ulysses back to Idaca. 】 Chapter Fourteen: The Sun God's Ox at ten o'clock in the evening.Bloom went to the Maternity Hospital to visit Mrs Myrna Purifoy, who was in labor.A group of medical students gathered in the hospital cafeteria, including Stephen Dedalus and his friend Lynch.They talked and talked, and they were all very drunk, and Bloom was the only sober one.Soon, Mina gave birth to a baby boy.Stephen said that he would invite everyone to the Barker Hotel for a drink, and left the hospital.Nurse Bloomto greeted the mother and rushed off. [This chapter uses a total of more than 30 kinds of styles, which are full of variety.The author uses the development of word art to symbolize the development process of the fetus.The wooden chapter can be read in comparison with the story of the Treasure Island of the Sun God recounted by Ulysses in Volume 12 of the Odyssey.Ulysses' subordinates slaughtered several fat cattle of the sun god and roasted them, but Ulysses did not eat a bite.When they got on board, they were hit by a storm, and they all drowned except Ulysses.Ulysses was washed up on the island of Ojugi, where the goddess Calypso took him in. 】 Chapter Fifteen: Kerji It's twelve o'clock in the middle of the night.It was a night-street rhapsody, beginning in Marbot Street and reaching its climax in Mrs. Bellow Cohen's brothel.At first, Bloom was arrested by the police and tried for charges of writing love letters to Mrs. Talboy. In fact, these were just his thoughts.Then suddenly he was made mayor and king of Ireland, and then he was attacked by the crowd and expelled from the country.After Bloom got rid of the fantasy, he went to find Stephen in Mrs. Cohen's brothel.Stephen got drunk and smashed the lights of the brothel with his cane, and ran into the street.Bloom followed suit.Two British soldiers challenged Stephen and beat him up.Bloom had the illusion that Stephen was his dead son Rudy, so he helped Stephen up and walked down the street. [This chapter can be read in contrast to the story of Kergi recounted by Ulysses in Volume 10 of the Odyssey.Ulysses' ship landed on the island of Eaiai after escaping the cannibals.Ulysses' cousin led a group of people to go ashore first, and came to the demon palace of the goddess Kergi.Except for the cousin who stayed outside, Kerji used magic to turn everyone into pigs.After hearing the news, Ulysses went alone, and with the protection of Herme, the god of messengers, he broke Kerji's Mofa.Kergi not only rehumanized his subordinates as Ulysses had ordered, but also kept them in residence for a year.The madam in this chapter is like Kerji, and Bloom, who saves Stephen, is like Ulysses. 】 Part Three: Going Home Chapter Sixteen: Umaio's second half of the night.Bloom and Stephen came to an all-night coachman's shed.There was a red-bearded sailor there who said he was going home after seven years of sailing all over the world, and told of all sorts of strange customs and customs.The owner's nickname is "Skinning the Goat".Customers heard that he was FitzHarris who had participated in the Phoenix Park assassination, and they respected him.Bloom and Stephen were out of tune with these people, so Bloom invited Stephen to his home. [Mu Zhangke is read in contrast to the well-received story of Ulysses returning to Idaca in volume 14 of "The Odyssey", disguised as a poor old man and coming to Umaio's shack in the pig house .Umaio, of course, did not recognize the old master, but spread a goatskin for Ulysses and asked him to sit down.The red beard somewhat bears the shadow of Ulysses who returned home after wandering for many years.The wooden chapters are written in arcane style to reflect the mood of a drunken and beaten Stephen and a weary Bloom. 】 Chapter Seventeen: Yi Dajia in the second half of the night.After Bloom took Stephen home, he offered him cocoa in the kitchen and chatted for a while.Bloom wanted to keep Stephen at home overnight; Stephen declined, but agreed to teach Bloom's wife Italian.When it was daylight, he said goodbye and left.After Bloom entered the bedroom, he found that the furnishings in the room had changed slightly, and he fantasized about Boylan and Marion's tryst here during the day.He surmised that Boylan was not alone in having sex with his wife.It seems that the old mayor Dylan, Ben Dollard, Simon Dedalus, Lenehan and others have had an affair with her.He wondered for a while what these lovers of his wife meant.After thinking about it, everything doesn't matter anyway, so I regained my peace of mind.This chapter is written in the style of the Catholic Catechism (a booklet explaining the doctrine to believers using the question-and-answer method).The author cleverly uses this rigid style to express his thoughts humorously and playfully. [Mu Zhangke can be read in contrast to the story of Ulysses killing all those who proposed to his wife and restoring family peace in Volume 22 of the Odyssey.The difference is that Bloom adopts the method of spiritual victory, only psychologically obliterating his wife's many lovers. 】 Chapter 18: Penelope In volumes 19 to 23 of the Odyssey, Ulysses' wife, Penelope, was not taken away by the old nanny until all the suitors were killed. Wake up in sleep, go downstairs to see her husband.But facing her husband whom she had not seen for twenty years, she was afraid of being fooled, so she dared not recognize each other rashly.She didn't believe her husband was real until she tempted her husband by the secret of the bed leg (Ulysses' bedroom was built around an olive tree, which he himself made a bed leg from) that only she and her husband knew. back.So the husband and wife reunite. Joyce portrays modern life in Dublin, and Bloom's wife, Marion, is a very different figure from Penelope.This chapter is the "stream of consciousness" of Marion, who is half asleep and half awake.Her husband, Boylan, first love Lieutenant Harry Mulvey, etc. appeared in the dream.When her husband came home and told her about Stephen, she began to fantasize about her love affair with the young schoolteacher and poet whom she had not yet met.She is a loose woman, not faithful to her husband at all, but content with the status quo.For she knew that she would never find another man as knowledgeable, cultured, and generous as Bloom.This chapter uses no punctuation at all, and the structure is very unique.The full text is composed of eight paragraphs, and only a period is added at the end of the fourth paragraph and the end of the eighth paragraph (that is, the end of the book).