Chapter 47 Notes to Chapter 9

[1] Friends Society (see note [436] in this chapter), a sect of Christianity.There is no priesthood, no church organization or sacramental ceremony, and the schools run focus on science education.The Quakers here refer to Thomas William Lister (1855-1920), director of the National Library of Ireland.He translated Dunster's "Goethe" (1883). [2] "Precious chapters" refer to Chapter 13 of Part 4 to Chapter 12 of Part 5 of Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister's Learning Age" (1824), which describes how William translated, adapted and participated in "Hamlet" (he himself plays Prince Hamlet).Lister and others believed that Goethe used the mouth of William to expound his views on the play "Hamlet".

[3] "Stand up against the boundless suffering of the world", see Hamlet's monologue in Act 3, Scene 1 of "Hamlet".At the end of Chapter 13 of Part 4 of "William Meister's Learning Age", William said: "What Shakespeare wants to describe is exactly: a great cause is carried on an incompetent person. . . . how he wanders , tossing, fear, dilemma... and finally almost lost his current goal..." [4] "Standing on cowhide shoes", see what Citizen B said in Act 1, Scene 1 of "Julius Caesar". [5], [6] Five-step dance, see what he said to An Jianlu in Act 1, Scene 3.

[7] "Filled with ... soil" is William Meister's comment on Hamlet. [8] "Walk the 'kosendo' dance," see what Toby says to Ender in Act I, Scene 3. [9] De La Pallis (1400-1452), a famous French general, formerly known as Jack de Chabonis.He was the leader of the Knights, and he was very energetic. After being seriously injured, he remained active until a quarter of an hour before he died.In memory of him, his subordinates made a popular song.Among them is the sentence "alive until a quarter of an hour before death", which was later misrepresented as "alive", so that "the truth of de la Boris" has become a substitute for nonsense.

[lO] John Eglinton, formerly known as William Kirkpatrick Magee (1868-1961), was a sharp critic in the Irish Renaissance movement and one of the mystical writers. [11] (1667) was completed by dictating to his daughters after Milton became blind in his later years. [l2] "The Devil's Annoyance" (1897) is a novel written by Mary Corelli (pen name of Mary McKay, 1855-1924).Here, John Eglinton uses it to ridicule Stephen for wanting to rewrite "The Circle" and portrays the devil as a romantic hero who supports humans in their struggle against Yahweh. [13] Cranley, see Note [29] in Chapter One.According to Elman's "James Joyce" (p. 118), the following poem is quoted from an unpublished obscene poem "Medical Student Dick and medical student David.

[14] According to Hebrew, Greek, Egyptian and Eastern traditions, "seven" is considered to embody perfection and unity, and early Christian writers also regarded "seven" as a perfect number.William Butler Yeats is William Butler Yeats. "Brilliant Seven" see his "Lullaby" (1895 edition). [15] Olaf was a polymath and poet in ancient Ireland before Christianity came.This refers to Russell, one of the leaders of the Irish Renaissance movement. [16] Students who receive free treatment by serving academicians and doing chores.Their logo is wearing a red cap.

[17] "The devil weeps bitterly" and "tears shed like an angel", are imitations of the verses in volume l. [18] The original text is Italian, from the last sentence of Chapter 21 of "Divine Comedy Hell". [l9] Cranly is a character shaped by Joyce's friend J. F. Byrne (see Note [29] in Chapter 1).Cranly once said that finding twelve people with lofty ideals, including himself, in Wicklow (a county in Leinster, Ireland, facing the Irish Sea to the east) would be enough to save Ireland. [2O] In Yeats's play "Katherine the Witless" (1902), the poor old marriage of Kathleen symbolizes the loss of freedom in Ireland.She said that her four beautiful green fields (referring to the four provinces of Ireland, Ulster, Leinster, Munster, Connaught) were all taken away. "Strangers in the family", referring to the British invaders.

[21] Originally in Latin.This is what Judas said to Jesus after betraying Jesus, in order for the people he brought to arrest Jesus.See Matthew 26:49.Rabbi is the honorific title for a teacher in Judaism.Also refers to a rabbi, a Jewish jurist. [22] The city of Tinaeli is in County Willock. [23] Here, Stephen turned to another leader of the Irish Renaissance movement, the one-act play "Shadow of the Narrow Valley" (premiered in 1903) by poetic dramatist John Millington Singer (1871-1909).The heroine Nora thinks that her husband is too indifferent to her, and the husband kicks her out of the house without even saying "I wish you a safe journey".Nora threw herself into the embrace of nature with a good hunter she loved, seeking a free life.

[24] Here Stephen remembered his telegram to Mulligan.For the telegram, please refer to Note [282] of this chapter and related texts. [25] Refers to Ben Jonson (about 1572-1637), a British playwright, poet and critic.He once praised Shakespeare as "the soul of the times", but criticized him for lack of "art". [26] James I (1568-1625), the first king of the Stuart dynasty in England (reigned from 1603 to 1625). [27] Refers to the third Earl of Essex (1591-1646), a British soldier and a favorite of Elizabeth I. [28] "Intangible spiritual essence" is a vocabulary that Irish poet (pen name A·E·) Russell likes to use.For example, in "Religion and Love" (1904), he used the word to praise Yeats' poetic talent.

[29] Gustave Moreau (1826-1898), a French symbolist painter, is considered a pioneer of abstract expressionism. [30] Here Stephen remembered what J. J. O'Molloy had told him that noon.See Chapter 7, "A Man of Virtue and Virtue". [31] Theosophy regards "Father, Tao, and Holy Breath" as the Trinity.Both Word and "Father of Souls" refer to the second Person of the Trinity, Christ.See chapter 1 of John's Gospel.Heaven refers to Adam. [32] The original text is Greek, namely Jesus Christ. [33] Logos is a term used in Greek philosophy and theology. Chapter 1 of the Gospel of John says that Jesus Christ is the Word (logos) incarnate.Refers to the absolute divine truth contained in the universe, governing the universe and giving the universe form and meaning.

[34] Mrs. Besant (1847-1933), a British social reformer, was once a Fabian socialist, and later converted to the theory of Hai P. Blavatsky and became a theosophist.She lived in India for many years and also studied the precepts of burnt sacrifice in Ancient Wisdom (London, 1897).Stephen here paraphrased the words in the sixth chapter of the Indian epic "Mahabharata", "The Story of Bakafuju". [35] Daniel Nicole Dunlop, Irish Theosophist.He once edited "Irish Theosophist" (about 1896-1915), and published articles under the pseudonym Aretas. [36] William Q. Judge (1851-1896), an Irish-American Theosophist, once assisted Hai P. Blavatsky in establishing the Theosophical Society.

[37] See "Julius Caesar", Act 5, Scene 5.This was Antony's comment on Brutus. [38] Originally referred to the ancient Roman priesthood Alvar Brothers.Its duty is to host sacrifices every year to pray for the fertility of the land.There are twelve members, elected from the highest ranks.There were also twelve persons engaged in the Theosophical movement, and they took the name of the Tantrics or Alvar. [39] Refers to the great sage Kurt Humi, a Tibetan.He was one of the two masters of Hei P. Blavatsky. [40] Big White House branch, see the note [194] in Chapter Seven, Russell and others who believe in mysticism are its members. [41] According to Catholicism, nuns are spiritually married to Christ, so they remain celibate throughout their lives. [42] The original text is sophia.According to theosophy, it refers to the wisdom of the personified God.Also refers to Jesus Christ. [43] Lady Cooper Oakley (1854?) was born Isabel.Helena's right-hand man, both in India (since 1884) and London (since 1890). [44] "Huh! Huh!. and "Bah!Pooh! "Respectively apply Hamlet's monologue in Act 1, Scene 2 and Act 2, Scene 2 of "Hamlet". [45] Originally in German. [46] Richard Owen Best (1872-1959), deputy director of the National Library of Ireland, once translated " Irish Mythology and Celtic Mythology" was translated into English and published in Dublin in 1903. [47] At the end of Plato, there is both a review of the toil in this world and a meditation on the afterlife.In the monologue in Act 3, Scene 1, Hamlet expresses that he no longer wants to shoulder the burden of life, and has many worries about the unknown afterlife. [48] ​​Refers to Plato.Aristotle's "Poetics" is affirmed by vision for poets.In the 10th volume "The Poet's Crime", Plato used Socrates to say that "from Homer, all poets are just imitators", and later mentioned "why should poetry be expelled from the Utopia".These words are ridiculed by sight, but it is often taken to express Plato's thoughts directly. [49] The ascending and descending streams and Iyong are both terms used by Gnosticism (a religion that combines theology and philosophy of multiple beliefs and prevailed in the 2nd century).Gnostic teachings are primarily concerned with man and his place in the universe.Ebb and flow refers to the movement of the planets in the universe, and Yi Chung refers to a group of elves overflowing from the Supreme God.For "God: The Shout on the Street" below, please refer to the Note [78] in Chapter Two and the relevant text. [50] The Peripatetic School is the Aristotle School.It is named after the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle walked and gave lectures in the academy. [5l] Dante's "Divine Comedy Inferno" and William Blake's "Milton" are used here.At the end of canto 34, Virgil, carrying Dante on his back, descends to the devil's buttocks, turns around and climbs up, and returns to the world from hell.William Blake's "Milton" No. 1: "Every space smaller than a red blood cell in human blood / Leading to eternity / This vegetable world is but a shadow of it." [52] Paraphrase the phrase "The will to act belongs to the present, through which the future flows into the past" in "On the Immortality of the Soul" written by St. Augustine (353-430). [53] See note [46] in this chapter. [54] This is the first stanza of a poem by Douglas Hyde (see note [169] in Chapter Three).The "numb" in the second line is "educated" in the original poem.This poem is included in his book Stories of Early Gaelic Literature (London, 1894).Hyde founded the Gaelic League in 1893 and was also the author of A History of Irish Literature (1899). [55] This is what Haynes said to Stephen on his way to the bay that morning.See end of Chapter 1. [56] The thief refers to the British. [57] This is the second line of the poem "My Heart Is Beating" written by John Philpott Curran (1750-1817).The emerald symbolizes Ireland.The first sentence is: "Good Eileen, your green breasts rise and fall, how attractive." [58] The original text is auricegg, which is a theosophy term and refers to an outstanding thinker.See Powys Holt, A Dictionary of Theosophical Terms (London, 1910). [59] Stephen Mallarmé (1842-1898), French Symbolist poet and theorist.He believes that the true meaning of the perfect form lies in nothingness, and the poet's task is to perceive those true meanings, condense them, and reproduce them. [60] For those who are spiritually poor, see Chapter 5, Section 3 of the Gospel of Matthew.For the Phoenicians in the following, see the story of Princess Mio Sika in Volume 6 of the Odyssey.On the island of the Phoenicians, there are fruits in all seasons. Men are good at sailing, women are good at weaving, and princes are very rich. [61] Stephen McKenna (1872-1954), Irish journalist, linguist, and philosophical researcher. [62] Refers to Mallarme's prose poem "Hamlet and Fortinbulla" (1896). [63] Originally in French. In Act 2, Scene 2 of Hamlet, Hamlet enters the stage reading a book while waiting for the prince.The writing technique of James Joyce's "inner monologue" can be traced back to Shakespeare's monologue.Critic Stuart Gilbert argues that, as Mallarme says of Hamley, the film records Bloom and Stephen's "ramblings while reading the book of their own mind".Mallarme hints that what Hamlet, pretending to be mad, is reading is "the book of his own mind", which arouses Mr. Best's interest. [64] The original text of the above four lines is French. [65] and [66] were originally written in French. [67] "The Lost Beggar" is a song written by British novelist and poet Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) and composed by Arthur Sullivan ("I implore you to throw into my little A shilling for the tambourine, / For gentlemen in khaki uniforms of the South."), sung during the South African War, raised £25,000 for British soldiers.Here, Stephen is citing this term from the standpoint of the Irish against British expansionism. [68] "Excellent nation" refers to the French nation, which contains irony.He pointed out that "Hamlet" was originally a play containing profound philosophy, but Mallarme regarded Prince Hamlet as "a man in a trance". [69] The term "luxurious... murder drama" comes from "Hamlet and Fortinbra" (see note [62] in this chapter. [70] Robert Green (1558-1592), British novelist, dramatist, pamphlet author, and one of the prose writers.Shakespeare's "The Winter's Tale" (1610) was taken directly from Green's pastoral poem "Pandustor" (1588).In his autobiographical pamphlet The Wisdom of Fourpence for a Million Confessions (1592), greed was the "executioner of the soul".The pamphlet, accompanied by letters to three contemporary dramatists, attacks Shakespeare as "a pretentious crow who adorns himself with our feathers". [71] The butcher's son refers to Shakespeare.His father John (? A 1601) worked as a tanning glove craftsman.British cultural relics John Aubrey (1629-1697) was the first to suggest that he had been a butcher. [72] The original text is "wieldingthesleddedpoleaxe". In Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 1, Horatio says that the look on his face resembled the one he had seen when he smashed the Poles on the sledges on the ice after negotiations had broken down.This is a pun. Poleaxe is an ox-killing axe, while Pole is a Polish; [73] In fact, eight people died successively in the play "Hamlet". [74] The first sentence of the "Our Father" is: "Our Father in heaven", where "heaven" is changed to "purgatory".In Act 1, Scene 5 of "Hamlet", the ghost of Hamlet's father described to him the scene of being burned by the flames in purgatory. [75] Here, the bloody tragedy at the end of "Hamlet" is compared to the killings in the South African War.At that time, British soldiers all wore khaki uniforms.During a riot in County Cork in 1887 (see note [265] in Chapter 13), a captain named Plunkett yelled the command "shoot without hesitation".It has since become the rallying cry for Irish opposition to British coercion. [76] Act 5 of "Hamlet to Be" begins with the burial of Ophelia and ends with the tragic death of Hamlet and others. [77] Swinburne (see Note [12] in Chapter 1) once wrote a sonnet "Mourning Captain Benson" (1901) to pay tribute to Captain Benson who died in the Boer prison camp, and to praise the British The army established concentration camps for Boer citizens, including women and children.Someone immediately wrote an article criticizing him.He retorted that since the Boers had mistreated British prisoners of war, it was right to put them in concentration camps. [78] In Chapter 8 of Dickens's first novel (1836-1837), Fat Joe (Mr. Pleasure.He said right away, "I want to scare the blood out of you." [79] "Listen, listen, oh, listen!" comes from the lines spoken by the ghost to Prince Hamlet in Act 1, Scene 5 of "Hamlet". [80] This is what the ghost said after the last sentence, which reads in full: "If you ever loved your dear father—" [81] Shakespeare's hometown of Stratford-upon-Avon is located in the northwest of London, in Warwickshire. [8Z] Originally in Latin.According to Catholic theology, it refers to the place where the souls of elders and prophets in the Old Testament were imprisoned.Elizabethan slang for a prison.See Shakespeare's Henry VIII, Act 5, Scene 4. [83] Paris Garden refers to the Bear Garden located near the Globe Theater between the 16th and 18th centuries.The Saxon Bear is a famous bear in the park.See Slander's line at the end of Act 1, Scene 1 of The Merry Wives of Windsor.Sir Francis Drake (approximately 1540-1596), a British navigator, led his fleet to defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588.Note: At that time, the audience in the pool seat stood watching the play and bought various snacks from the hawker. [84] "The Swan of the River Avon" refers to Shakespeare.This is Ben Jonson's praise of Shakespeare in the preface to The Complete Works of Shakespeare (1623). [85] The term "composition of the field" comes from Ignatius Loyola's "Holy Work" (1548). [86] The Elizabethan stage was lit entirely by daylight, with no lights.There is a ceiling near the backstage, called the dark place, which is convenient for staging ghostly scenes. [87] "It's a king, but it's not a king", see Francis Beaumont (1584-1616) and John Fletcher (1579-1625) co-wrote the tragicomedy (1611). [88] British poet and dramatist Nicholas Rowe (1674-1718) found out that Shakespeare had played the role of the ghost in "Hamlet". [89] Wax cloth is used to wrap the body for embalming. "Across... the wax cloth" refers to ghosts in the underworld. [90] Richard Burbage (approximately 1567-1619), British actor, main role player in Shakespeare's plays, good at playing tragic roles (especially Hamlet).He was close to Shakespeare during his time in London and left him a memento in his will. [91] This is what the ghost said to Prince Hamlet, see Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 5. [92] Shakespeare's wife gave birth to a pair of twins on February 2, 1585. The son was named Hamnet. In August 1596, he died at the age of eleven, and the daughter was named Judith. [93] "in the costume of the former king of Denmark", paraphrasing Horatio's words to the ghost, see Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 1. [94] See Note [187] in Chapter VII. [95] "Are you... people?" Hamlet was asking Horatio and the others to swear to keep the sight of the ghost of the former king strictly secret, when he heard the ghost chime in and said, "Swear!" So he said to the ground This sentence.See Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 5. [96] Villiers de Lier-Adam (1838-1883), French poet, playwright and short story writer. "Our servants may live for us" from his posthumous work Axel (1890).The protagonist Viscount Axel and the beauty Sarah fall in love at first sight.He suggested that the two commit suicide together, and said this.Yeats used this quote as a quote in The Secret Rose (1897), which he dedicated to Russell. [97] These two poems come from Russell's three-act poetic play "Deirdre" (first staged in 1902, published in 1907).Manannan McLear, see Note [31] to Chapter Three. [98] According to Stephen owed Russell a pound, has not yet repaid. [99] Noble is an ancient British gold coin (used until 1461), and one Noble is equivalent to six shillings and eight pence in the old system. [100] Later, Stephen mentioned Georgina to Lynch.See Note [689] to Chapter XV. [1Ol] Russell was born in Ulster County on the northeast corner of Ireland. [102] This is what Hamlet says to Polonius, indicating that the news he has reported to himself is old.See Hamlet, Act 2, Scene 2. [103] The principle of anima is Aristotle's term for bringing to reality what is purely potential.The soul (or vital function) is what Aristotle called the life principle of a living organism in his "On the Soul".For the morphology, see Note [24] in Chapter Two. [104] When Stephen was studying at Klongows Forest School when he was a child, he broke his glasses and failed to write a composition, so he was hit by the dean of school, Father Dolan, with a ruler.He was spared further punishment by appealing to the headmaster, Father Conmi.See Chapter 1 of the book "Portrait of the Artist in Youth".A・E・I・O・U・ in the following is the five vowels in English.IOU (ie Ioweyou) is commonly used in IOUs issued by Yingda University.Here, it means "A・E・I owe you". [lO5] Here, "she" refers to Shakespeare's wife, Ann Hathaway.Shakespeare married at eighteen, and Ann was born in 1556, eight years his senior.Shakespeare died in 1616, but Ann lived until 1623. [106] The original text is Latin. [107] "Fluorescence", see Note [179] in Chapter Eight. [108] "Made a mistake" refers to Shakespeare marrying Ann; "get away" refers to Shakespeare leaving his wife and children in his hometown around 1586 and leaving London alone. [109] Zantibe, the wife of Socrates, is said to have been a famous shrew. [110] Refers to Socrates' method and purpose is to discover the truth through debate. [111] Socrates' mother is said to have been a midwife.Socrates asked questions one after another to the person he was talking with, forcing the other person to admit his ignorance, and then guiding the other person to realize the true virtue.In other words, aid in the generation of ideas (i.e. "midwifery"). [112] Merto (daughter of Aristides) is said to have been Socrates' first wife. [113] The original text is Latin. [114] The original text is Socratididion, which is the pet name of Socrates, and can also be translated as "Dear Socrates". [115] "Secret of the Soul" (1821) is the title of a poem by Shelley. The original text is Epipsychidion, which is a compound word in Greek. [116] Boudoir training, the original text is caudlelectures. A caudle is a nourishing drink for the sick.In Douglas Gerald's (1803-1857) serial work "Curtain Training" (1846), the heroine, Mrs. Caudle, taught her husband in the boudoir all night long, and Joyce believed that This coined the word. [117] Here, Sinn Fein refers to the ancient Greek democracy that sentenced Socrates to death. [l18] In 399 BC Socrates was accused of "impiety".Socrates refused to accept and defended, but the court still sentenced him to death with a narrow majority.Friends persuaded him to run away, but he said that although the sentence was contrary to the facts, it was a legal court sentence, so he took the poison given to him by the jailer and died. [119] The Lollard faction is the British nickname for the Wycliffe faction, which means those who mutter prayers.Wycliffe (about 1330-1384) was an English theologian whose unorthodox doctrines and social theories were the heralds of the Reformation in the sixteenth century.Around 1280, Wycliffe and some colleagues at Oxford University established the earliest Lollards.In 1399, it was suppressed as a heretic.This refers to Thomas William Lister (see note [l] in this chapter).He was a Lollard and a Quaker, not Catholic, and the public was wary of him. [120] "The Girl I Left Behind" is a song written by Irish novelist and lyricist Samuel Love (1797-1868). [121] refers to London, see Note [161] in Chapter Three. [l22] Lines 046-1048 of Shakespeare's earliest long poem "Venus and Adonis" (1593) describe earthquakes.There was a great earthquake in England in 1580, when Shakespeare was sixteen years old. [123] "Poor little rabbit" (line 697), "carved reins" (line 87), and "blue window" (referring to the eyes, line 482) all refer to "Wei Naxin and Adu Ni". [124] Refers to Shakespeare's love affair with Ann Hathaway in his hometown. [125] Catharina is the heroine in Shakespeare's comedy "The Taming of the Shrew", and Hortensio is the suitor of her sister Bianca. [126] "The Passionate Pilgrim" (1599) is a collection of poems, a total of twenty (or twenty-one poems), four or five of which were written by Shakespeare. [127] The term "man's world" comes from the latter of Robert Browning's (1812-1889) double poem "Meeting in the Night/Parting in the Morning" (1845). [128] On the Elizabethan stage, female roles were generally played by boys.Forty-four years after Shakespeare's death (1660), Desdemona in (Othello) was played by an actress on the English stage for the first time. [129] The boy refers to Shakespeare in his youth. [130] According to page 10 of "William Shakespeare" (London, 1898) written by the Danish literary historian and literary critic George Brandeis (1842-1927), Ann was pregnant before marriage, so the woman was eager to get married.She gave birth to her eldest daughter, Susan, within six months of her marriage to Shakespeare. [131] "Follow the heart's will", see the last line of the 143rd poem of "Sonnet". [132] "Ann has her own way", the original text is Annhathaway, which is a pun with the name of Shakespeare's wife, Ann Hathaway. [133] "Indeed, they are to blame" is a line in the lyrics of Ophelia's song after going mad, where "they" in the original song is changed to "she".See Hamlet, Act 4, Scene 5. [134] "Twenty-year-old sweet girl" was originally sung by the clown.Since Ann was twenty-six years old when she married Shakespeare, the "twenty" in the original song is changed to "twenty-six".See Act 2, Scene 3. [135] "Like a wonderful prologue" is a monologue of Macbeth, see "Macbeth" Act I Scene 3. [136] "Grey-eyed goddess" refers to Venus.In the Elizabethan era, gray in gray eyes (grayeyes) referred to blue (blue). Line 140 of "Venus and Adonis" has the sentence "My eyes are gray, and I look forward to the charm". [137] "A lover younger than himself," paraphrasing what the Duke says to Viola in Act 2, Scene 4. [138] See the first paragraph of the song in Act 5, Scene 3 of "As You Like It": "A pair of lovers walked side by side, walking across the green wheat field." [139] See the second paragraph of the lyrics in Act 5, Scene 3 of "As You Like It". [140] Paris (see Note [69] in Chapter Two) is spelled the same as Paris, so it forms a pun with the relevant text in Note [100] in Chapter Three. [141] The tall man refers to Russell (A·E·) who is the editor-in-chief of the "Irish Homeland". [142] George Augustus Moore (1852-1933), an Irish novelist, moved to Dublin in 1901 and contributed to the preparation of the Abbe Theatre. [143] The original text is Piper.At that time, there was a female theologian in Boston, USA, named Mrs. Leonora Piper.But according to Alf McClochlein's research, PiPer here refers to William J. Stanton Piper (Pyper, 1868-1941).He was passionate about revival of the Irish language and had an interest in Theosophy. [144] The first sentence of a children's tongue twister. [145] According to Joyce's younger brother Stanislaus recalled, "Yujia magic room" is Gogarty's name for the conference hall or public facilities. [146] Isis is an important goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology. The book "Isis Unveiled-An Interpretation of the Mysteries of Science and Theosophy, Ancient and Modern" (1876) was written by Hei P. Blavatsky and was regarded as a classic work of Theosophy by her disciples. [147] Pali originated in North India in the first century BC and became the standard international Buddhist language.Many of H. P. Blavatsky's activities were carried out jointly with Alcott (see note [197] in Chapter 7), so the plural ("they") is used here. "We" refers to Joyce and Gogarty (see Ellman's "James Joyce" p. 174). [148] Hai P. Blavatsky said in the book "Isis Unveiled" that the Mexicans have something in common with the ancient Babylonian and Egyptian traditions and even the gods they believe in.Thus, the Aztec Logos (see footnote [33] in this chapter) is the basis of cosmic truth (“cosmic religion”).The Aztecs are a people who speak the Nahuatl language.In the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, the empire was extended in central and southern Mexico. [149] Oversoul is a philosophical term coined by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), an American writer and leader of the transcendentalist literary movement in the nineteenth century.He believes that true wisdom is to understand God's will through "nature", emphasizing that people can know the truth through moral nature and intuition, thus developing into a transcendentalist view. [l50] The original text is Sanskrit.In Theosophy, it refers to entering the realm of Nirvana (the highest state referred to by Buddhism. Later generations also called the death of monks "Nirvana"). [151] Louis H. Victory was an Irish poet at the end of the nineteenth century. He wrote a collection of poems "Imagination in the Dust" (London, 1908) and so on. [152] T. Caulfield Elwin (1823-1892), Irish poet and writer. [153] "Lotus...they" is a paraphrase of Enobarbus' description of Agrippa's first meeting with Cleopatra.See Antony and Cleopatra, Act 2, Scene 2. [154] According to Theosophy, the pineal gland (also known as the pineal gland, an endocrine gland) was originally the "third eye" of human beings, which can see through the soul, and later degenerated into the pineal gland. [155] According to Buddhist legends, the Buddha sat under a bodhi tree (not a banana tree) and practiced, and became a Buddha by cutting off afflictions. [156] The person who swallows the soul, the person who swallows refers to the supersoul (that is, God).Theosophists believe that the souls of all people are one with the universal supersoul, and as its spark, each soul is reincarnated repeatedly and swallowed by it, and the cycle of reincarnation is endless. [l57] The original text is "Hesouls, shesouls, shoalsofsouls".The pronunciation is similar to the following folk song: She sells seashells by the seashore.Meaning: "She sells sea shells on the beach." [158] "His ghost...cries bitterly" is reminiscent of the sentence in Chapter 5 of "Divine Comedy Hell", "floating groups of ghosts, playing with them, turning them upside down... howling and crying..." . [159] "All things...female soul dwells" are the first two sentences of Louis H. Victory (see note [151] in this chapter) in the poem "Imitation that Shocks the Soul" (collected in his poetry collection "Imagination in the Dust") , is to commemorate a baby who died at the age of four. The author changed "four years" to "jingnian" when quoting. [160] This "New Poems" edited by Russell was published in May 1904.Russell sang the heroes and gods of Irish legends in his poems, which had a great influence on other poets of his generation.The anthology of poems included the poems of nine poets including George Roberts and Patrick Colum, but Joyce's works were not selected.See Elman: James Joyce (p. 174). [161] The phrase "necessarily ... something" mimics the assertion in Aristotle's writings. [162] "Necessity ... therefore ... the hat" is to paraphrase the tone of the gravedigger in Act 5, Scene 1 of "Hamlet": "If the water came upon him and drowned him, then It was not he himself who drowned himself; so he who is not guilty of his own death does not shorten his own life." [163] "Listen": The next long passage is a conversation Stephen overhears from people about the new magazine. [164] Patrick Colum (1881-1972), Irish poet, playwright and critic.His lyric poems remain true to the Irish folklore tradition.His memoir "Our Friend Joyce" (1959) was co-authored with his wife Mary (1887?-l957).His poem "Livestock Trader" was included in "New Poetry Collection".James Starkey (1879-1958), later renamed Humus O'Sullivan, Irish lyric poet and editor. There are five of his poems in "New Poetry Collection". [165] George Roberts (?-1952), an Irish literati, later served as the editor-in-chief of Munsell Publishing Company. [166] Ernest Victor Longworth (1874-1935), editor of The Express Post (1901-1904). [167] This is a line in the main poem "A Portrait" (by Colum) in "New Poetry Collection"; later it is titled "Poor Scholars in the Forties" ("Desert", Dublin, 1907). [168] Susan Mitchell (1866-1926) is a female poet influenced by Russell, and her poems are included in "New Poems".Edward Martin (1859-1923) was an Irish dramatist.In George Moore (New York, 1916), Susan writes that Moore was a "natural literary robber" who "preded Edward Martin" (p. 103), turning his play "A The Story of the Town" (1902) was rewritten and renamed "Crooked Branches".Yeats said in "Autobiography" (New York, 1958) that Moore was a "farmer criminal" and Martin a "farmer saint".The prodigal children here are wild oats in the original text. Sow one's wild oats refers to the loose life in youth, especially the disordered sexual relationship before marriage.Susan uses this analogy to point out that Martin and Moore will suffer a lot when they associate. [169] Dr. George Siegelson (1838-1925), an Irish scholar, introduced the translation of ancient Irish literature he was engaged in, which became the clue of the Irish Renaissance movement. [170] The sad knight is another name for Don Quixote. [171]Thomas O'Neill Russell (1828-1908), a linguist, worked to revive the Celtic language. [172] At that time, some Irish nationalists believed that the orange pleated skirt was the standard dress in ancient Ireland. However, in recent years, scholars believe that this is not a traditional Irish dress. This impression is mainly caused by the description in the novel. [173] Dulciniki is the object of Don Quixote's fantasies. [174] James Stephens (1882-1950), an Irish poet and novelist discovered by Russell. [l75] Cordelia was the youngest daughter of King Lear.She was the only one who was filial to Lao Wang, but was killed by her black-hearted sister.See King Lear. "The Loneliest Daughter of Lear" from "The Song of Fionnuala" by Thomas Moore.Lear in Moore's poem refers to the Irish god of the sea Maclear (see note [31] in Chapter 3), whose daughter Fionuara was turned into a swan by her stepmother.So that's a pun.Cordelio is an Italian word with a similar pronunciation to Cordelia, meaning "deep sorrow". [176]“偏僻荒蛮”出自法国人波旁公爵之口，见莎士比亚的历史剧《亨利五世》第3幕第5场，指的是英国式的粗俗与用法国磨光漆来象征的法国式典雅相对照。 [177]“天老爷符劳你”出自小丑试金石之口，见《皆大欢喜》第5幕第4场。 [178]指《爱尔兰家园报》(见第二章注[83])。前文中提到的哈里・费利克斯・诺曼(1868－1947)是该报主编(1899?－1905)。 [179]辛格，见本章注[23]。《达娜――独立思考杂志》是由约翰・埃格林顿和爱尔兰经济学家、新闻记者、编辑弗雷德・瑞安(1876－1913)合编的一份小杂志(1904－1905)。达娜见本章注[201]。 [180]十九世纪后半叶， 爱尔兰民族主义的崛起使人们重新对爱尔兰的语言、文学、历史和民间传说发生兴趣。 当时盖尔语(爱尔兰语)作为一种口语己经衰亡，仅在穷乡僻壤使用。盖尔语联盟于一八九三年成立，为维护盖尔语而进行斗争，直到一九二二年成立爱尔兰自由邦，承认爱尔兰语与英语同为官方语言为止。 [181]“鞋跟有多么厚，离天就靠近了多少”引自哈姆莱特对优伶所说的话，见《哈姆莱特》第2幕第2场。 [182]英国基督教公谊会创始人乔治・福克斯(1624－1691)把得自上帝的“内心之光”(灵感)置于教条和《圣经》之上。利斯特是公谊会教徒，所以才把他和福克斯扯在一起。 [183]原作这段十分隐晦，作者在这里把莎士比亚和乔治・福克斯联系起来了。基督狐：公谊会认为，基督作为“内心之光”存在于人的精神世界里，因而是一只神秘不可思议的狐狸。福克斯与狐狸拼法相同，故语意双关。福克斯喜欢穿爱尔兰与苏格兰高原地区的那种鞣皮紧身裤。他和他的追随者一向都不尊重官员，不起誓，不纳税，因而经常被捕。他本人曾八次入狱。为了逃避追捕者，有一次他曾藏在枯树杈里。莎士比亚也曾逃离家乡，去了伦敦。“没同母狐狸打过交道”，福克斯直到四十五岁才结婚，莎士比亚在伦敦过的是单身生活，利斯特终身未娶。“A得了女人们的心”，福克斯擅长于使人们――尤其是妇女(包括几个声名狼藉者)皈依宗教。他称那些严肃地为灵魂寻觅旧宿者为“温柔的人们”。巴比伦的娼妇一典出自《启示录》第17章第5节，她额上写着一个隐秘的名号：“大巴比伦―― 世上淫妇和一切可憎之物的母亲!”“法官夫人”：福克斯与兰开夏的法官费尔的遗婿玛格丽特结婚(1669)。“酒馆掌柜的娘儿们”： 风传莎士比亚曾在约翰・达维楠所开的皇冠客栈下榻，爱上了老板娘。她后来生下诗人、戏剧家威廉・达维楠爵士(1606－1668)。 [184]“狐入鹅群”是一种棋戏，由十五只鹅对付一只狐狸。鹅不得后退，狐狸却可以任意活动。 [185]“新地”大宅指莎士比亚于一五九七年在斯特拉特福镇买下的房产。他隐退后住在这里。 [186]维新太，参看第七章注[233]。 [187]在莎士比亚的《尤利乌斯・恺撒》第1幕第2场中，有个预言家警告恺撒要当心二月十五日。恺撒未加理睬，结果在这一天就遇刺身死(参看第二章注[16])。 [188]参看第二章注[17]。 [189]阿戏留是荷马史诗《伊里昂纪》中的英雄人物。他小时，母亲听了预言家的话，怕他死在未来的特洛伊战争中，故把他装扮成女孩子。“当阿戏留……名字呢？”这里套用英国医生、作家托马斯・布朗爵士(1605－1682)于一六五八年所写的一篇论文中的句子，并将原文中的“藏”改成了“生活”。 [190]透特是古埃及所奉的神，原是月神，后司计算及学问。据说他发明了语言和文字，并为诸神担任文书、译员及顾问。 [191]“听见那位埃及祭司长的声音”，见第七章“即席演说”一节的结尾处。 [192]“旁人经受我们的置疑”，出自马修・阿诺德的关于莎士比亚的一首十四行诗(见于他1844年8月1日写给简・阿诺德的信)。 [193]此语模仿哈姆莱特王子咽气前所说的最后一句话：“此外仅余沉默而已。”见《哈姆莱特》第5幕第2场。 [194]、[195]原文是爱尔兰语。 [196]小个子约翰是乔治・穆尔给约翰・埃格林顿起的绰号。 [197]“原谅我”一语出自安东尼在恺撒的遗体前发表的演说，见《尤利乌斯・恺撒》第3幕第2场。 [198]小王是希腊神话中的一种怪物。据说它住在非洲沙漠上，凭借日光和呼出的气息就能使人丧命。它状似蛇、蜥和龙。美洲热带地区江河、溪流附近的树上至今还栖居着一种“王蜥”，因与小王相像而得名。 [199]原文为意大利文，引自拉蒂尼的《宝藏集》第1卷。 [200]布鲁涅托・拉蒂尼(l220－1294)，意大利佛罗伦萨著名学者。但丁在《神曲》中对他十分推崇。他曾用法文撰写过一部散文体百科全书《宝藏集》以及该书的意大利文简编。 [201]达娜，又名达努。从爱尔兰到东欧，都崇敬它为大地之母，即阴性之元，诸神都曾受她哺育。 [202]“一天天地……身子”，套用英国评论家沃尔特・佩特(1889－1894)所著《文艺复兴》(1873)中的“把我们不断地编织起来再拆散”一语。 [203]此句模仿《辛白林》第2幕第2场中阿埃基摩的台词：“在她的左胸还有一颗梅花形的痣……” [204]雪莱在长篇论文《诗之辩护》(写于1821年，1840年出版)中写道：“从事创作的精神犹如即将燃尽的煤……” [205]霍索恩登的威廉・德拉蒙德(1585－1649)是最早用英语写作的苏格兰诗人。因定居于霍索恩登的庄园，故名。收入他的诗集《锡安山之花》(1630)里的散文《丝柏丛》中有一段关于过去、现在和未来的反思。斯蒂芬关于“过去的我成为现在的我，还可能是未来的我”这段话，受其启发，所以这里说德拉蒙德帮助我度过了难关。 [206]《哈姆莱特》第5幕第1场中，掘基人(小丑甲)说他是“小哈姆莱特出世的那一天……开始干这营生”的，接着又说，他已干了三十年。所以哈姆莱特那时已三十岁了。 [207]这里的“痣”是指品性上的污点，或缺点的烙印，参看《哈姆莱特》第1幕第4场开头部分哈姆莱特的独白。 [208]欧内斯特・勒南(1823－1892)，法国哲学家及历史学家。他称赞莎士比亚晚年的戏剧(尤其是《暴风雨》)是“成熟的哲学剧”。 [209]尤利西斯是《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》中的一个人物。布生代斯在《威廉・莎士比亚》一书中说：“配力克里斯是个富于浪漫精神的尤利西斯”(见该书第585页)。 [2l0]这句话是写约翰・埃格林顿的，同时也影射船只失事后的尤利西斯和配力克里斯。 [211]玛丽娜是《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》中的女主人公，配力克里斯亲王的女儿。 [212)智者派见第七章注[254]。外典是不列入正典《圣经》的经籍。早期基督教会所称外典指真伪未辨、不宜在公共场合诵读的著作。本世纪初有些学者认为《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》是莎士比亚的外典，即怀疑它不是莎士比亚所写。见查尔斯・W・华莱士：《关于莎士比亚的新发现:人中之人莎士比亚》(1910)。 [213]英国诗人、思想家塞缪尔・泰勒・柯尔律治(1772－1834)称赞莎士比亚始终走在“人类感情的康庄大道上”(《柯尔律治的莎士比亚评论》，托马斯・米德尔顿・雷逊编，1930)。 [214]弗朗西斯・培根(1561－1626)，英国经验派哲学家，散文家。培根(Bacon)这个姓,与熏猪肉拼法一样。同时，培根在《新学问》(1603)第1部中劝人照《耶利米书》第6章第16节(“你们要站在路上察看，探问古道，那是善道，便行在其间，”)行事，所以这里说他思想旧得“已经发了霉”。 [215]十九世纪中叶有些学者认为莎剧艺术水平之高，非培根莫属。但莎剧是由莎士比亚剧团的两位演员收集成书的，同时代剧作家本・琼森还为这部全集写了献诗，因此怀疑派的观点不能成立。 [216]美国小说家、社会改革家伊格内修斯・唐纳利(1831－1901)在《大密码》(1887，芝加哥、伦敦)和《莎士比亚戏剧中的密码》(1900)二书中，曾试图论证莎剧系培根所作。 [217]A・E・，见第三章注[109]。马吉，见本章注[10]。 [218]彼得“克里斯琴”阿斯布琼逊所编、由G・W・达桑译成英文(1859)的一部北欧民间故事集(1842－1845)，以其中的一篇《太阳之东・月亮之西》为书名。 [219]长生不老国(原文为爱尔兰语)是爱尔兰神话中的国度，由安古斯神(掌管青春、美和诗的神)所统治。据爱尔兰传说，英雄、说唱诗人莪相曾旅居此地。后来他违反禁令，踏上故乡的土地，遂变成白发苍苍的老人，再也不能返回长生不老国了。 [220]这里把A・E・和马吉比作朝香者。 [221]这里把一首儿歌中的巴比伦这一地名换成了都柏林。 [222]布兰代斯，见本章注[l3O]。莎士比亚晚期的五个剧本为:《泰尔亲王佩里克利斯》(1608)、《辛白林》(1609)、《冬天的故事》(1610)、《暴风雨》(1611)、《亨利八世》(1612)。 [223]西德尼・李(1859－1926)，英国莎士比亚专家，著有《威廉・莎士比亚传》(伦敦，1898)等。 [224]配力克里斯之女玛丽娜是在风暴中诞生在海船上的。 [225]米兰达是《暴风雨》中的女主人公。那不勒斯王子腓迪南对她一见钟情，说:“哦，你是个奇迹!”见第1幕第2场。 [226]潘狄塔是《冬天的故事》中西西里国王里昂提斯的女儿，在襁褓中就被遗弃，由牧人扶养大。 [227]莎士比亚的大女儿苏珊娜与约翰・霍尔结婚，于一六O八年生了个女孩，起名伊丽莎白，刚好相当于他写作生涯末期的开始。 [228]这是配力克里斯对玛丽娜所说的话。见《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》第5幕第1场。 [229]布兰代斯说莎士比亚最宠爱苏珊娜(见《威廉・莎士比亚》第677页)，所以使她当了“主要继承人”(见第686页)。这里对此说予以反驳。 [230]《做爷爷的艺术》(1877)是法国诗人、小说家维克托・雨果(1802－1885)所著的一部儿童诗集。变得伟大的艺术，原文为法语。法语中，爷爷是“grandpere”。贝斯特只说到“grandp”，听上去就跟“grand"(伟大)同音了。 [231]当天早晨斯蒂芬在海滨上曾问过自已：“大家都晓得的那个字眼是什么来着?”参看第三章注[177]，下文“爱乃……满足”，原文为拉丁文。是摘录托马斯・阿奎那的《神学大全》第一卷第九十一章中的几个句子而成。 [232][]内的两段系根据海德一九八九年版(第161页第5至9行)补译。 [233]萧伯纳在喜剧《十四行诗和“黑夫人”》(1910)中描述了莎士比亚和“黑夫人”之间不幸的关系。戏里把“黑夫人”写成是玛利・菲顿，序言中却又驳斥了这一观点。玛利・菲顿(1578－约1647)自一五九五年起， 任英国女王伊丽莎白一世的侍从宫女。有人认为她是莎士比亚《十四行诗》中的神秘人物“黑夫人”的原型。 [234]弗兰克・哈里斯(1856－1931)，爱尔兰新闻记者、文学家。他编过好几种杂志，主要的是《星期六评论》(1894－1898)。他在一八五五年创刊的政治、文艺、科学周刊上发表了一系列关于莎士比亚的评论，后辑成一书： 《莎士比亚真人及其悲惨生涯》(伦敦，1898)。 [235]莎士比亚的《十四行诗》，开头写诗人对一贵族青年的友谊的升沉变化，是献给一位W・H・先生的(第1－126首)，其次写诗人对“黑夫人”的爱恋(第127－152首)，最后两首(第153－154首)收尾。 [236]威廉・赫伯特(约1506－1570)是第一代彭布罗克伯爵。他自一五六八年起任王室事务总管。 [237]指当时风行的一种说法，莎士比亚“热恋”着威廉・赫伯特(见布生代斯：《威廉・莎士比亚》，第714页)。 [238]海雀是北极的潜鸟，每逢产卵季节，只下一颗布满大理石彩纹的卵，一般视为罕物。这里是指利斯特的头所产生的思想像海雀卵一样斑斓多彩。 [239]米莉亚姆是希伯来语中的玛利。这里指玛利・菲顿。 [240]公谊会教徒喜用老式字眼。 [24l]“年轻时的愿望，到了中年就会变为现实”是歌德的自传著作《诗与真》(1811－1814)第二卷开头部分的话。 [242]小贵族指彭布罗克伯爵。哈里斯(见本意注[234])认为，莎士比亚爱上了玛利・菲顿，并请彭布罗克给牵线。结果菲顿反倒和彭布罗克相好了。莎士比亚遂同时失去了意中人和朋友(见《莎士比亚其人及其悲惨生涯》第202页)。 [243]“花姑娘”，见《亨利四世》下部第3幕第2场中乡村法官夏禄的台词。 [244]“人人行驶的海湾”，见《十四行诗》(第137首第6行)。 [245]“少女时代声名狼藉”:哈里斯(第213页)写道，玛利・菲顿早在十六岁上就结婚，并和私通的男人生过三个孩子。 [246]“语言贵族”，见丁尼生的《致维吉尔》(1882)第2段。 [247]“笑而躺下”是伊丽莎白时代的一种纸牌游戏。 [248]唐璜是十四世纪左右西班牙传说中的一个人物，是浪荡子的典型。唐是西班牙语“先生”的译音，或译作堂。西班牙名字“璜”，相当于英语中的“约翰”。 [249]套用《维纳斯与阿都尼》(第1052、1056行):“野猪在他的嫩腰上扎的那个大伤口……无不染上他的血，像他一样把血流。” [25O]“毒……耳腔”，见第七章注[186]。 [251]“双背禽兽”，见第七章注[187]。 [252]“贫乏、寒伧的英语”，见本章注[54]及有关正文。 [253]“既愿意，又不愿意”，套用泽莉娜的唱词，见第四章注[51]、[52]及有关正文。 [254]“蓝纹……双乳”，见莎士比亚的长诗《鲁克丽丝受辱记》(1593－1594)第407行。 [255]“梅花形的痣”，见莎士比亚的戏剧《辛白林》(1609)第2幕第2场末尾。伊摩琴是英国国王辛白林的女儿，绅士波塞摩斯之妻。波塞摩斯的朋友阿埃基摩用卑鄙手段瞥见了伊摩琴胸脯上的痣，事后向波塞摩斯谎称伊摩琴曾委身于他。 [256]“他的脸……来了”，见《哈姆莱特》第1幕第2场。在原剧中，霍拉旭对哈姆莱特王子讲述自己所看到的哈姆莱特王的鬼魂的情况，这里的“他”，则指莎士比亚。 [257]“各遂所愿”是的副标题。 [258]“我的……了吗?”见《旧约全书・列王纪上》，第21章第20节。 [259]原文为法语。 [260]斯蒂芬所打的电报，参看本章注[282]及有关正文。 [261]“没有实质的脊椎动物”指方才斯蒂芬所谈论的“与父同体的儿子”，即耶稣。 [262]德国谚语，原文为德语。 [263]佛提乌，见第一章注[113D。玛拉基是纪元前五世纪的小先知，同时又是勃克・穆利根的第二个名字。这是双关语，也可理解为“骗子玛拉基”。 [264]约翰・莫斯特(1846－1906)，德裔美国装订工人，无政府主义者。因主张对凤凰公园凶杀案的参加者处理从宽而深得爱尔兰人心。 [265]据外典(见本章注[212])，耶稣被钉死在十字架上后，一度前往地狱，解救被囚在那里的善人的灵魂。 [266]“自我……生死者”，此段系谐谑地模仿天主教《使徒信经》的文体，纳入了瓦伦廷(见第一章注[115])、撒伯里乌(见第一章注[116])等人的非正统见解。 [267]这是天主教《荣福经》中的第一句，见《路加福音》第2章第14节。 [268]叶芝曾称誉当时的爱尔兰戏剧家辛格为埃斯库罗期(古希腊三大悲剧家之一)再世，这里穆利根故意说得比叶芝更加夸大，把辛格比作莎士比亚。 [269]女演员指班德曼・帕默夫人(见第五章注[24])。海报上说那是她在都柏林第四百零五(不是8)次演《哈姆莱特》。 [270]爱德华・佩森・维宁(1847－1920)在《哈姆莱持之谜――试图解决一个老难题》(费城，1881)一书中说，哈姆莱特原是个女儿身，为了继承丹麦国的王位而装扮成男子。 [271]邓巴・普伦凯特・巴顿(1853－1937)自一九00年起曾任爱尔兰最高法院审判官。当时正在查寻线索，最后出版了《爱尔兰与莎士比亚的联系》(都柏林，1919)。尽管他并未说哈姆莱特是爱尔兰人，却在第五章中指出，哈姆莱特当王子的时候适值丹麦人统治爱尔兰的时期(弦外之音是，哈姆莱特有可能是爱尔兰的丹麦王子)。在序言中，他说自己曾受了审判官马登(见本章注[292])的一篇文章的启迪。 [272]鬼魂消失后，哈姆莱特曾对霍拉旭说：“不，凭着圣帕特里克的名义……”见《哈姆莱特》第1幕第5场。 [273]王尔德在《威・休・先生的肖像》(伦敦，1889)中提出，《十四行诗》是献给一个叫作威利・休斯(Wil1ieHughes)的少年演员的(见《十四行诗》第20页第7行:“充满美色的男子，驾御着一切美色”)。最初这是由英国学者托马斯・蒂里特(1730－1786)提出来的。 [274]休依・威尔斯(HughieWills)、威廉先生本人(Mr.Wil1iamHimself)的首字均为W・H・W・H・即威廉・莎士比亚本人一说原是德国人巴伦斯特尔夫提出来的。 [275]休斯(Hughes)、砍伐(hews)、色彩(hues)，在原文中都是谐音字。 [276]王尔德(Wilde)与粗犷(wild)谐音。他因同性恋问题栽跟头(见第三章注[187])后不久，《笨拙》杂志上刊载了一首题为《斯温伯恩论王尔德》的讽刺诗，其中有“诗人名叫王尔德，但其诗是柔顺的”之句。 [277]贝斯特和斯蒂芬在同一座学校教书，这一天他们都从迪希校长手里领了薪水。 [278]“青春的华服”见《十四行诗》第2首第3行；“五种机智”见第9行，意指所有的机智。 [279]“欲望……面貌”，见布莱克的小诗。头一句是：“男人对女人有何要求?” [280]“天神……吧”是福斯塔夫对福德大娘所说的话。作者引用时，把“我”改成了“他们”。见《温莎的风流娘儿们》第5幕第5场开头部分。 [281]参看斯蒂芬关于夏娃的冥想(第三章注[19]、[2O]和有关正文)，以及《创世记》第3章第1至6节中蛇怎样引诱夏娃吃果子的故事。 [282]这句话引自英国诗人、小说家梅瑞狄斯(1828－1909)的《理查・弗维莱尔的苦难》(伦敦，1859年初版，乔伊斯引自1875年德国托奇尼兹版)。该书描写弗维莱尔男爵按照贵族的传统教育儿子，表现人的自然本性与社会要求之间的冲突。 [283]康纳里是“船记”酒馆老板。 [284]原文为爱尔兰语。穆利根这几段话模仿辛格剧本语言的特殊风格。威克洛郡(辛格的出生地)以及爱尔兰西部的方言是把爱尔兰句法和古英语结合而成。辛格根据它来创造了富于诗意的戏剧语言。 [285]辛格经常称自己为流浪汉。他自一八九四年起留学德国、意大利和法国。以后又五次前往阿兰群岛，从岛民的生活中汲取写作素材。他和乔伊斯是一九O三年二月在巴黎结识的(见艾尔曼:《詹姆斯・乔伊斯》，第123页)。 [286]这里，斯蒂芬在回忆他和辛格在巴黎相聚的情景，并把辛格的脸比作哥特式古典建筑檐口的怪兽形排水装置。 [287]原文为西班牙语。 [288]据爱尔兰传说，莪相(参看本章注[219])一直活到五世纪，曾与帕特里克相遇，并告以结束于三世纪的英雄时代的事。 [289]克拉玛尔森林在巴黎西郊。辛格说他在那儿的森林里有个奇遇，可与莪相和帕特里克的邂逅相比拟。 [290]“我在林……傻子”是杰奎斯对公爵说的话，见《皆大欢喜》第2幕第7场。 [291]参看本章注[1]。 [292]在《亨利四世》下篇第3幕第2场中，乡村法官夏禄提到一个未出场的人物――在牛津读书的威廉・赛伦斯。爱尔兰高等法院审判官道奇森・汉密尔顿・马登(1840－1928)在《威廉・赛伦斯少爷日记――莎士比亚与伊丽莎白时代戏剧研究》中认为，莎士比亚有着丰富的野外运动的知识，对拉特兰伯爵(1576-1612)和夏禄的家乡了如指掌，从而揣测拉特兰伯爵曾替莎士比亚代笔。 [293]见第七章注[243]。 [294]见本章注[5]。 [295]公谊会教徒喜戴宽边黑帽，故有此绰号。 [296]《北方辉格》是贝尔法斯特的一家日报。《科克观察报》是科克的一家日报。《恩尼斯科尔西卫报》是恩尼斯科尔西(威克斯福德的一个市镇)的一家周报，每逢星期六出版。 [297]艾克依・摩西是十九世纪末叶爱尔兰人对试图挤进中产阶级的犹太人的蔑称。 [298]包皮的搜集者耶和华，见第一章注[61]。 [299]“生命的……火焰”，见雪莱的诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》(完成于1820，出版于1839)。 [300]“他”指布卢姆。加利利位于古代巴勒斯坦最北部地区(相当于今以色列北部)。“淡色的加利利”出自斯温伯恩的《普罗瑟派恩赋》(1866)。 [301]美臀，原文为希腊文。 美臀维纳斯是从罗马的尼禄金殿遗址发掘出来的一尊大理石雕像，收藏于那不勒斯国立美术馆。 [302]“天神……躲藏”，见斯温伯恩的长诗《阿塔兰忒在卡吕冬》(1866)。 [303]莎指莎士比亚。 [304]克丽雪达是意大利作家乔瓦尼・卜伽丘(1313－1375)的中的一个逆来顺受的女子。英国诗人杰弗里・乔叟(约1343－1400)在《坎特伯雷故事集》中引用过她的故事。 [305]潘奈洛佩，见第七章注[255]。 [306]戈尔吉亚(纪元前约488－前约375)，希腊哲学家。安提西尼，见第七章注 [256]。 [307]在特洛伊战争中，尤利西斯等英雄藏在巨大的木马中潜入伊利昂城。后从里面跳出来，将该城攻陷。这里把引起这场战争的海伦比作母木马。 [308]他指莎士比亚。 [309]“封建主义艺术”，见美国诗人沃尔特・惠特曼(1819－1892)为诗集(十一月的枝桠)(1888)所写的前言《回顾曾经走过的道路》。 [310]沃尔特・雷利爵士(1554－1618)，英国探险家。他曾两度被捕，关入伦敦塔。 [311)伊丽莎白(伊丽莎为昵称)一世是英国都锌王朝的最后一个君王。 [312]示巴女王(活动时期公元前l0世纪)以富有著称。传说示巴王国位于阿拉伯半岛西南。据《旧约・列王纪上》第10章记载，所罗门王在位期间，示巴女王曾亲自率领驼队，满载金钱财宝香料前往拜见。 [313]迪克是理查德的简称。见本章注[90]。 [314]原文为“without more ado About Nothing”。莎士比亚的