Chapter 45 Notes to Chapter 7

[l] Hibnia is the name of Ireland in Latin, and it is mostly used in literary works. [2] E・R・is the first word of Edwardus Rex (the Latin name of King Edward). [3] This is a warehouse located at 17 North Prince Street. [4] Red Murray is the nickname of John Murray, a character Joyce created based on his second uncle of the same name who worked in the accounting department of the "Freeman".See Elman's James Joyce (p. 19). [5] David Stephens is the author's image based on a newsstand owner of the same name in Dublin.When Edward VII visited Ireland in 1903, he had dealt with the king, and since then he has presented himself as the king's messenger.

[6] William Braden (1865-1933), Irish lawyer, editor-in-chief of "The Freeman" (1892-1916). [7] Refers to William Braden. [8] For Guinness beer, see Note [44] in Chapter Five. [9] Giovanni Matiu Mario (1810-1883), Italian singer, born in an aristocratic family, performed for the last time in 1871.Bloom was five years old at the time. [lO] "Martha" (1847) is a five-act operetta written in German by French opera composer Friedrich Freiherfon Flotto (1812-1883), and later translated into Italian .It is written that Harriet, a maid in Queen Anne's court in England, dressed up as a village girl and named Marta, came to Richmond Market, met Lionel, a wealthy farmer, and fell in love.Marta ran away for a while, causing Lionel to go crazy. He didn't regain his senses until he played the scene of the first meeting in the market, and the lovers finally got married.

[11] These two lines are taken from Lionel's aria in Act 4 of "Marta". [l2] Elman said in the book "James Joyce" (p. 288) that the bishop here refers to the Archbishop of Dublin William Walsh (1841-1921).In 1889 he took the lead in denouncing Parnell (see note [81] in Chapter Two), which angered Thomas Sexton, the publisher of the "Freeman" who supported Parnell.For years, his paper disparaged Walsh.Walsh protested frequently. "Called twice" refers to this.See the note [27] in Chapter 3 for the pastoral staff. [13] Joseph Patrick Nanniti (1851-1915), an Italian born in Ireland, was working as the foreman of the typesetting room at the "Freeman".He was also a member of the House of Commons of the British Parliament and a member of the Dublin City Council (1900-1906).

[14] He guides Nitti. [15] College Meadows is an area in the center of Dublin.Nanniti often said that he was not a career politician but a political worker. [16] The Official Gazette refers to the "Dublin Gazette" published every Tuesday and Friday, which is printed and distributed by the British Government Letters Office. [17] After the news of the death of Queen Anne in 1714 had long been known to every household, the Spectator, a publication run by British essayist Joseph Addison (1672-1719), reported that "Queen Anne died." , this sentence has become a surrogate for "outdated news".

[18] The barony of Tinahinch is located twelve miles southeast of Dublin City.In 1797, the Irish Parliament awarded it to Henry Gratton (1746-1820).He had led the struggle in 1782 to force Britain to grant Ireland legislative independence. [l9] Ballina is a small commercial port in County Mayo, Ireland. "Freeman Weekly" has a "Market News" column. [20] "Freeman's Weekly" has a column entitled "Gardening Trivia", which is dedicated to discussing issues in agriculture and animal husbandry. [2l] Refers to the "Our Comics" album compiled by "Freeman Weekly".Often it was not caricatures that were published, but political satires.

[22] "People" is a penny-per-volume weekly published on Wednesdays edited by Thomas Ball O'Connor (1848-1929).O'Connor is an Irish journalist, newspaper operator and politician, and also editor-in-chief of "The Sun", "Star", "Star Weekly" and other newspapers in London. [23] Most of them are photos, referring to the photosensitive plate-making supplement of "Freeman Weekly National News" at the beginning of this century. [24] Vincent Caplani said in the article "James Joyce and My Grandfather" (1982) that his grandfather Vincent Menotti Caplani (ca. 1869-1932) participated in the "Freeman" printing union.He and his younger brother married a pair of O'Connor sisters at the same time.

[25] In 1906, Nannity served as mayor of Dublin. [26] Long John refers to Fanning.He is the fictional deputy mayor of the city of Dublin in the novel. He is mentioned in "Remembrance Day, at the Commission Office" in "Dubliners".In another "Grace", it is said that he is "a registered broker and the behind-the-scenes decision-maker of the mayor's election". [27] The House of Keys refers to the House of Commons of the Isle of Man {see Note [50] in Chapter Six). [28] The original text of the House of Keys is House of Keys.The pattern of the courtyard emblem consists of two crossed keys. KeyeS (Case) is similar to keys in pronunciation.The store opened by Alexander Keyes is called House of Keyes (Kase store), so he used the House of Keyes in the store's advertisement.

[29] This is Italian and means "to".See Note [52] in Chapter Four. [30] "Look at a ... taste": Here, the author disassembles the original text and inserts some explanations. [3l] In English, the pronunciation of cemetery is similar to that of symmetry. [32] Ballsbridge is located in the southeastern suburbs of Dublin.Since 1731, a horse show has been held here every year, attracting horse lovers from all over the world.In 1904 it was held from August 23rd to 26th. [33] Regarding Monks, there is a continuation in Chapter 16 (see Note [194] and relevant text in this chapter).

[34] Passover is the main festival of the Jewish nation, which falls between the third and fourth lunar months.The Jews regard this festival as the beginning of the year.According to Chapter 12, God asked the Jews to slaughter sheep and smear the blood on the lintel. When the angels killed the firstborn sons and firstborn animals of the Egyptians, they would pass by the houses with bloodstains, which is called "Passover".Moses then led the Jews out of Egypt and out of slavery. [35] The book of Haggadah is the legendary part of the Talmud, containing stories and rituals. [36] The original text is Hebrew.According to Hebrew, it is written from right to left, so it is said to "point upside down".

[37] Section 8 of chapter l3 has the sentence "the day I came out of the house of slavery in Egypt".In verse 14 there is another sentence "bring us out of the house of slavery in Egypt".Just the opposite of what is meant here. [38] The original text is Hebrew, which is a cheering term in Judaism and Christianity, and it means praising God. [39] The original text is in Hebrew, it is a hymn, see Chapter 6, Section 4 of "Old Testament Deuteronomy". [40] See Chapter 1 for the names of the twelve sons of Jacob (ancestor of Israel). [41] Lamb, see Chapter 12, Section 3.

[42] Rod, see Chapters 7-8.It is written that Aaron struck the ground with his staff and turned the dust all over Egypt into lice. [43] Water, see Chapter 17, Section 6.All of the above refers to the story in the middle. [44] The language comes from "Chad Gadia" (Hebrew, meaning "a small antelope") sung in Passover.The theme of this song is that the weak can eat the strong, and the duiker, who is the last and suffers the most, symbolizes the common people of Israel. [45] Refers to Alexander Tom Printing and Publishing Company. There is only one building between the "Freeman" and the company. [46] Erin (Erin) is an ancient name for Ireland, which evolved from Gaelic Eire.It is still used as a poetic title today. [47] The teller of the Evening Telegraph was named Rutledge.On paydays, he would go around the offices and hand out the wages to everyone himself.People jokingly called him "the ghost came".Joyce wrote about it through the mouth of Professor McHugh. (See page 289 of Ellman's James Joyce.) [48] ​​The frame is arched, and the original text is overarching.Lambert deliberately read it as close overarsing.According to over, it means "covered on...", while arsing was invented by him, and he wrote the noun arse (ass) as a progressive form. [49] Xenophon (see Note [14] in Chapter 1) was a disciple of Socrates and was born in an Athenian family in Hotica.After Socrates was executed in 399 BC, Xenophon joined the forces commanded by King Agesilaus II of Sparta, who defeated the allied Greeks at the Battle of Coronia. [50] Urazon is a plain on the northeast coast of Attica in southeastern Greece.This is the ancient battlefield. In 490 BC, the Athenian army defeated the invading Persian army here. [51] Here we paraphrase the verses from Chapter 3 of Byron's long poem "Tang Sulfon" (1818-1823).The original poem: "The mountains look down on Wurazong, and Wurazong is on the verge of the sea." [52] Hedges Al Chatterton (1820-1910), Vice-Chancellor of University College Dublin, served successively as Solicitor-General (1866) and Chief Prosecutor (1867). [53] A popular song in the late nineteenth century is used here, except that "Tommy" in the original song is changed to "Johnny". [54] Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 BC-43 BC), Roman statesman, lawyer, classical scholar and writer.His speeches are rich in content, strong in persuasion, and pay attention to hierarchy and symmetry.In order to satirize the emptiness of Dan Dawson's speech, the professor deliberately described it as Cicero's essay. [55] Charlie Dan Chaseson (see note [20] in Chapter 6) was the owner of the Dublin Bread Company, he was the mayor of Dublin City (1882-1883), and he was the tax collector of the Dublin City Government in 1904. [56] Lenehan is a character who appeared in "Dubliners Two Prodigal Sons", one of the prodigal sons, who has neither a proper job nor a family. [57] The language comes from Chapter 8, Section 7 of "Old Testament Hosea".It means that sowing evil deeds will reap ten times the evil. [58] There was indeed a lawyer in Dublin at that time named Thomas Fitzgerald.Co-opened a law firm with Dee Fitzgerald. [59] Gabriel Conroy, a character in Dubliners Dead, often wrote literary criticism for the Daily Express, as Joyce himself did in real life. "Express" is the abbreviation of "Daily Express" (1851-1921).This is a conservative newspaper in Ireland that discourages national independence. [60] Acronym for Irish Independent Daily.It was a newspaper founded after the downfall of Parnell, but it was not published until twenty months after his death (that is, December 18, 1891).It was soon taken over by those who opposed Parnell and began to take an ultra-conservative position.It fell into the hands of William Martin Murphy (1844-1921) in 1900.Murphy was a railroad contractor who was once elected to Parliament (1885-1892) and fell out with Parnell in 1890. [61] The language comes from "Aesop's Fables: Man and Sheepman".The goatman is a small mountain god in Greek mythology.He made friends with a man, and saw the man put his hand on his mouth to keep warm, and thought the food was too hot, so he blew it cool with his mouth.The goat man thought he was capricious, so he said this and broke up with him. [62] In "Hamlet," Act 1, Scene 1, Horatio says: "The moon that governs the tides..." And later: "But it is true that the morn, clothed in russet, has stepped The dew on the high mountains in the east comes over there.” Dan Dawson’s article only described Ireland on a moonlit night, and did not continue to write about Ireland at dawn like Horatio, so McHugh said, “He forgot the Hamlet". [63] Welsh comb refers to five fingers.This is a derogatory term for Welsh people who are rough and untidy and use their hands instead of a comb. [64] The original text is Doughy Daw. Doughy means sandwiched raw. Daw can be used as a fool's solution.Here, the professor deliberately uses two words similar to the name of the author of the article, Dan Dawson, to ridicule him. [65] Weatherup, see Note [153] in Chapter 6. [66] Fake Squire was originally the nickname of Francis Higgins's "1746-1802", which is used here as the editor-in-chief of "Freeman".Higgins, originally a civil servant in the city of Dublin, posed as a country gentleman and married a young woman of status.Then he started out by opening a casino, became the owner of the "Freeman", and used the newspaper to slander Irish patriots.He also informed the authorities of the hiding place of Edward Fitzgerald (see note [143] in Chapter 10), and received a reward of 1,000 pounds. [67] Refers to after attending a funeral. [68] The North Cork Volunteer Army mentioned by the editor-in-chief once stood on the side of the British army in the Irish Anti-British Uprising in 1798.They suffered successive defeats.This army has nothing to do with the Ohio wind horses and cows in North America.In 1755, the United Kingdom sent Major General Edward Braddock (1695-1755) to Virginia to serve as the commander of the British Army stationed in North America.In order to drive the French out of the Ohio Basin, he led an expedition against the French stronghold at Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh).However, the expedition was attacked by the French army and its Indian allies on the way, and the expedition ended in failure. [69] Fengmingqin is a stringed instrument that sounds by wind.The original text is HarPEolian, also known as "the harp of the wind god".Celtic bards play the harp, which is a national symbol of Ireland.In the vernacular, "harp" also refers to Irish Catholics. [70] A fine cotton thread used to remove food particles lodged between the teeth. [71] The Canadian fraud case refers to a person named Safino Walter at that time who was accused of defrauding money under the pretext of buying a boat ticket to Canada for Zaleski and others. [72] "Sport" is a penny tabloid published by the "Freeman" on Saturdays, which contains all the sports news of the week.This issue is a horse racing special. [73] Originally in French. [74] The original A·D· is the abbreviation of the Latin AnnoDomini (Year of the Lord).It originally refers to after the era, and sometimes it also refers to "old age" and "aging age" in colloquial language. [75] Wexford is a county in the southeast of Ireland, and also refers to the bay and capital of the county.These two lines are from the Irish ballad "The Man of Wexford" (1798).This ballad describes how the men of Wexford defeated the North Cork Zouaves at the town of Oralt in the popular uprising of 1798 (see footnote [68] to this chapter). [76] Here is a paraphrase from John Milton's (1608-1674) long poem (1667) describing Adam and Eve's expulsion from the Garden of Eden, "The whole world is before them." [77] The Ellipse is located just south of the Freeman's offices. [78] Paddy Hooper was a Dublin journalist and news correspondent for The Freeman. [79] Jack Hall was a Dublin journalist known for his anecdotes. [80] The original text is calumet, which is a long-stem dry pipe used by Indians during negotiations, symbolizing peace. [81] Originally in French. [82] The words come from the third act of "The Rose of Castile" (1857), King Manuel of Castile, disguised as a mule driver, sings to the "Rose of Castile" Alvin Pull to listen to the aria.The author of this opera is the British-Irish singer and composer Michael William Balfe (1808-1870). [83l Originally in Latin. [84] Brixton is located in the Lambeth district of southwest London.At the beginning of this century, this place was considered a typical drab industrialized area. [85] The language comes from the second paragraph of the poem "To Helen" (1831, 1845) by American poet and novelist Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849). [86] In English, the roots of the three adjectives imperial, imperious, and imperative are all imper. [87] Originally in Latin. [88] The original text is "the first chapter of Guinnes".This is a pun.In English, "Genesis" is called Genesis, while Guinness (see Note [8] in this chapter) is called Guinness, with similar pronunciation.Literal translation is: "Guinness" Chapter 1.Alluding to the Irish people's enthusiasm for drinking the strong black beer brewed by the Guinness Company. [89] "Roman Law" is the general term for the laws of Roman slavery countries.The earliest of them is the "Law of the Twelve Tables" promulgated in the middle of the fifth century BC. It is an ancient law that protects private ownership and reflects the most complete and typical commodity production. It has a great influence on the civil laws of modern capitalist countries. [90] Pontius Pilate, the governor of the Roman Empire in Judea in the first century AD (about 26-about 36 in office).According to the "New Testament" records, Jesus was crucified by his judgment. [91] Refers to Christopher Pallis (1831-1920), Irish lawyer, and President of the Tax Court (incorporated into the High Court in 1873). [92] Royal University was founded in Dublin in 1880 as an institution that reviews and recognizes degrees. [93] Donegal is a seaport and commercial town in County Donegal, Ireland, producing hand-woven tweed. [94] The character O'Madden Burke appeared in "Mother Dubliners". [95] Originally in French. [96] "Raise...kiss", these four poems are edited by Stephen based on the last paragraph of the poem "My Sorrow is at Sea" (see Chapter 3 Note [169]). [97] See Note [85] in Chapter Two. [98] O'Rourke, see Note [80] in Chapter Two. [99] refers to the Habsburg Dynasty (lO2O-1919), namely the Austrian Empire, one of the largest dynasties in Europe. [lO0] Maximilian Carl O'Donnell, Earl of Thielconner, was the son of Irish immigrants, born in Austria in 1812, and served as Emperor of Austria (the Austro-Hungarian Empire was established in 1867 and also King of Hungary) Aide-de-camp to Francis Joseph I (reigned 1848-1916).In 1853 he accompanied the Kaiser on a walk along the fortresses around Vienna.One day he knocked out a Hungarian tailor who stabbed the emperor just in time, and the emperor said he saved his life. [101] During his state visit to Austria-Hungary in 1903, King Edward VII of Great Britain and Ireland conferred the title of Field Marshal to Emperor Francis Joseph I in Vienna.On June 9, 1904, Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863-1914) of Austria, the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, paid a state visit to the United Kingdom and presented Edward VII with an Austrian field marshal's staff in return. [102] "Wild Goose", see Note [68] in Chapter Three. [lO3] refers to the Hungarian tailor who assassinated the Austrian emperor, see note [l00] in this chapter. [104] Greece, which created a real culture, was defeated by Rome.Crawford, as a citizen of Ireland, a British dependency, compares Britain to Rome here. [105] The original text is Latin. [106] In English, Lord and Lord (referring to Jesus, God) are both Lord.Lord Robert Cecil Salisbury (1830-1903) was the leader of the British Conservative Party and served as prime minister three times.He advocated no concessions to Ireland. [107] London's West End is a bustling area with clubs for the upper class.This refers to Salisbury and others sitting on the comfortable sofa there and exercising the right to rule Ireland. [108] The original text is Greek.Catholic and Greek Orthodox are used as introductory words for Mass. (109] The original text is Greek. [ll0] The Semites are a large race distributed in southwestern Asia, including Hebrews, Asians, Phoenicians, Arabs, and Babylonians in ancient times.The Saxons are a part of the Germanic peoples who lived in the present-day Schleswig region and the Baltic Sea coast in ancient times.This refers to the Anglo-Saxons.A vowel unknown to the Semitic and Saxon peoples, the Greek twentieth letter upsilon, which is absent in the Hebrew and English alphabets.In English, use u and y instead. [111], [112] are originally written in Greek. [113] Those who repair toilets allude to Rome, and those who dig sewers allude to Britain. [114] Trafalgar is a cape between Cadiz and the Strait of Gibraltar.In 1805, the French and Spanish fleets were defeated by Nelson's British fleet here, losing about 20 ships. [115] The Igos Potami was a river in ancient Thrace, which emptied into the Strait of Ganlespan.In 405 BC, the Spartan fleet led by Lysander attacked the anchorage of the Athenian navy, almost annihilating the entire army, and Athens was forced to surrender the following year.The spiritual empire refers to Greece. [116] Originally in Latin. [117]Piles (see Note [1] in Chapter Two) once sent troops to attack Macedonia, rescued Athens from the siege of Demetrius, and endured heavy casualties to defeat the Roman army.Later, receiving the oracle in a dream, he mistakenly thought that he would win, so he went to attack Sparta on a large scale, but died in a street fight in Argos. [118] The phrase "they go to battle, but are always defeated" comes from the introduction to Matthew Arnold's lecture "On the Study of Celtic Literature" (1867).Yeats used the phrase as the title of a poem collected in Rosette (1893). [119] Originally in French. [120] See Note [15] in Chapter Two. [121] Ridiculous, original by Joe Miller.This person was a well-known comedian in the era of King George I of England (reigned 1714-1727).During the nineteenth century his collection of jokes was reprinted several times, making his name slang for "joke". [122] That is, Gaius Sallustus Crispus (86 BC-35 BC), a Roman statesman and historian.Mulligan's words were ironic, because although Sallust had exposed the corruption of Roman politics in his historical works after his political career, he had also plundered during his political career (he had served as tribune, administrator, and governor of the province). [123] This is what Mulligan said, see the note [37] in Chapter One and the relevant text. [124] "The Rose of Castile", see Note [82] in this chapter.In the original text, the title of "The Rose of Castile" has a similar pronunciation to "Rows of caststeel" ("side-by-side cast iron"). [125] On July 14, 1789, the Paris masses captured the Bastille, where political prisoners were held, and the revolutionary government ordered it to be demolished. [126] Nikolai Boshilikov (1839-1904) was originally a general of the Russian Army. In 1898, he served as the Russian Governor of the Grand Duchy of Finland.He was assassinated by the Finns who opposed Russia on the morning of June 16, 1904 (early morning Dublin time) because he suppressed the passive resistance of the Finns. [127] Originally in Latin. [128] The phrase comes from the lines in Act 3, Scene 1 of the play "Richelieu" (1838) by the British novelist and dramatist Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873). The second half of the sentence is: "There is no the word failure". [129] In Chapter 1 of "Portrait of the Artist in Youth", Stephen was unable to complete the assignment because he broke the limit mirror.Father Dolan, Dean of Students, said to him, "Lazy little rascal. I can tell you're a rascal by your face. Lazy, idle little rascal!" [130] Bliss-in-Ossory is a town in Queen's County, Ireland, sixty-six miles southwest of Dublin.In 1843, O'Connell, the leader of the Irish National Independence Movement, held a large-scale mass rally here.The leader of the Irish Nationalist Party, John Redmond (1856-1918), tried in 1904 to restore the vigorous mass meetings held by O'Connell, but after all, they were much weaker. [131] Jack McCarthy is a reporter for The Freedman.Jack has the same pronunciation as jakes. [132] He refers to editor-in-chief Miles Crawford. [133] Gallagher, see Note [8] in Chapter VI. [134] Refers to the Clarence Merchant Hotel in Dublin. [135] Here, Crawford gets the year wrong.According to historical facts, it should be 1882.On February 10 of the next year, Peter Carey, one of the members of the "Ever Victory Army", testified in court and confessed to all those involved in the crime. [136] Assassination incident, see Chapter 2 Note [81]. [137] According to Chapter 17 of this book, Stephen was born in 1882.Joyce himself was born on February 2, 1882. [138] The New York World is a daily newspaper founded by American financier Jay Gould in 1876.On May 7th and 8th, 1882, many articles were used to report the Phoenix Park assassination. [139] The above three people are all members of the "Eternal Victory Army".According to court testimony, Joe Brady was the main murderer, stabbing the two victims to the ground.Tim Carey slit their throats.The hired carriage driven by the perpetrator was driven by Michael Cavanagh. [140] "Goat skinning" was the nickname of James Fitzharris.He once slaughtered a beloved goat to sell its skin to pay off a wine debt, hence his nickname.After taking part in the Phoenix Park assassination, he took a straight road from the park to Dublin in a cab that was used to confuse the police.He was sentenced to life imprisonment and was released on parole in 1902. [l41] In 1904, Butte Bridge was the eastern end of Dublin's bridges over the River Liffey.In fact, "Skinner" is not the owner of the coachman's shed. He, like Gummerli (a poor middle-class family) mentioned below, also looks after the stone for the Dublin City Council. [142] Bronson is a company limited by shares in London. [143] The park gate refers to the gate closest to the central area of ​​Dublin in the southeast of Phoenix Park. [144] The Nockmaron Gate is the gate at the western end of Phoenix Park. [145] These "ever victorious" perpetrators had stopped for a drink at the Davy's pub on the outskirts of Dublin. [146] See Note [76] in Chapter Two. [147] Dick Adams (born 1846), successively as a reporter for the Cork Observer and the Freeman.In 1873 he became a member of the Bar of Ireland.In the Phoenix Park assassination, he vigorously defended James Fitzharris and others. [148] Paraphrase Chapter 2, Section 7 of Genesis: "Later, God...breathed the breath of life into his nostrils, and he became a living being." [149] This is a play on words.The original text: "Madam, I'mAdam. And Able was I ere l saw Elba. These two short sentences, read the same from the beginning, connected with "and" in the middle. Eva (夏娃) and Elba have similar pronunciations, and Adam Abel, the second son born to Eve, has a similar pronunciation to Able, so it can be read: "I am Adam, and I was Abel before I met Eve. "Another reading is that since Napoleon once said that the word "impossible" was not in his dictionary, he was exiled to the island of Elba after his failure, and he was also impotent. Several factors are kneaded together to recombine the previous short sentence into: Madam, l mad am. (Crazy, I am crazy.) The latter short sentence can be understood as: "Before I met Elba, I was Don't know the word impossible. "Able is a pun. It can be understood as: "can do it", or "not impotent". [150] The Old Woman of Prince Street was the nickname of The Freeman. [151] The phrase “weeping and gnashing of teeth” comes from Chapter 8, Section 12 of the Gospel of Matthew. [152] Gregor Gray was an artist in Dublin at the time. [158]Tuo Bao is the abbreviation of Thomas Powell O'Connor (see note [22] in this chapter). "The Star" was founded by him in 1888, and he edited it for two years. [154] Ralph D. Blumenfeld (1864-1948), a newspaperman born in the United States, became the editor of the London "Daily Express" in 1904. [155] Felix Payatt (1810-1889), a French social revolutionist and journalist.In 1871, he was involved in the vortex of the Paris Commune uprising, and fled to London, where he wrote for several newspapers and edited several revolutionary publications. [156] Chris Cullinan is a journalist in Dublin. [157] This is a play on words.Lenehan switched the initials of "Damnclever" to "Clamndeve". [158] According to a report in the "Freeman" on June 9, 1904, although the police authorities have issued repeated orders and prohibitions since November 1903, peddlers are still keen to sell Postcards and mementos of the assassination.The Judge of Record is the person in the Quarterly Court who initially acts as a recorder at trial and is later responsible for the sole pre-trial of criminal cases brought to the Quarterly Court. [159] Wife of Earl Dudley (1866-1932), Governor of Ireland at the time. [160] Refers to the most violent typhoon ever recorded in Dublin on February 27, 1903. [161] "Big Brother" was Patrick Tynan's nickname.He was a journalist who founded the Irish "The Ever Victorious Army" and its Times newspaper in 1904, supporting the nationalist secret society "The Ever Victorious Army". [162] James Whiteside (1804-1876), a senior Irish lawyer, is famous for his eloquence and defense of Daniel O'Connell (1844) and Smith O'Brien (1848).In 1866 he became President of the High Court of Ireland. [163] Isaac Bart (1813-1879), senior Irish lawyer, politician, and orator, defended Smith O'Brien (1848) and members of the Finney Club (1865-1866). [164] Thomas O'Hagan (1812-1885), a senior Irish lawyer and legal expert, was the first Catholic to be appointed as the Chief Justice of Ireland (1868-1874, 1880-1881).He became famous for his fervent defense of Ireland when the Irish Land Act was passed in 1881. [165] Here, the author is making an article on phonetics.Mousse (mouth, mouth), Sauce (south, South), Pott (pout, pout), Ott (out, outward), Shaote (shout, shouting), Zhixiesi (drouth, drought) All are transliterations of English rhyming words. [166] See Chapter 29 of "(Divine Comedy·Pure Realm"): "I saw two old men with different styles of clothes, but their attitudes were equally solemn and respectable." [167] "Give you a moment of peace ...", the original text is Italian.From Chapter 5 of "Divine Comedy: Hell". [168] "Through...a dark place", the original text is Italian, from Chapter 5 of "Divine Comedy·Inferno". [169] "Flying...a golden banner", the original text is Italian, from Chapter 31 of "Divine Comedy Paradise".The golden flag is the military flag given to the ancient king of France by the angel Gabriel, with a pattern of golden fire.It is believed that flying this flag is invincible. [170] "Looking more...", the original text is Italian, from Chapter 31 of "Divine Comedy Paradise". [171] Tomb (tomb, tomb) and Womu (womb, womb) are transliterations of English words with repeated rhymes. [17Z] The third occupation refers to writers such as lawyers, literati, journalists, and political commentators; the first and second occupations are priests and medical personnel. [173] Crawford wants to be from Cork, and here he is brought together with the Ulster ballad about Cork's legs.Cork is a pun. It is both a place name and a "cork". It was broken, so he had to install a cork artificial leg, which ended up running non-stop, which made him restless. [174] Henry Gratton (1746-1820), a lawyer in his early years.He entered the Irish Parliament in 1775, and soon became the leader of the Irish nationalist movement with his outstanding eloquence.In 1782, Britain was forced to grant Ireland legislative independence. [175] Henry Flood (1732-1791), an Irish politician with a gift for speech.He was a member of the British Parliament and the Irish Parliament, and had assisted Grattan in forcing the British government to abandon restrictions on Irish trade (1779). [176] Dimisini (384 BC 322), an ancient Greek statesman, a great orator, wrote pleadings for a long time.His speech "Golden Crown Speech" is considered a masterpiece of oratory in history. [177] Edmund Burke (1729-1797), a British politician, was born in Dublin.A good rhetoricist, he was elected to Parliament in 1774 and strongly advocated loosening British economic control over Ireland and allowing Ireland's legislative independence. [178] Alfred C. Harmsworth (1865-1922), British editor and publisher.He was born in Chapelizod, west of Dublin. [179] Refers to American publisher Joseph Pulitzer (1847-1911).He was not Harmsworth's cousin, but a friend.The title of the play "Our American Cousin" (1858) written by Tom Taylor (1817-1880) is used here.Pulitzer took over the New York World in 1883 (see note to this chapter [138]), he told the newspaper staff that he would face the Bowery in the future (a block in Lower Manhattan, New York City. After 1880, it became the site of a slum). [180] Purdy Kelly's Compilation was a humorous weekly in Dublin (1832-1834). The Pew Encounter (1700-c. 1750) was the oldest daily newspaper in Dublin. The Skibbling Eagle (c. 1840-1930) was a weekly newspaper which was renamed The County Cork Eagle in 1904. [181] Paraphrase Matthew Chapter 6, Section 34 here: Tomorrow will have its own worries for tomorrow; one day's difficulties will be enough for one day. [182] The Irish Volunteers were organized in 1778 in preparation for the French invasion.In 1782 he supported Gratton in his struggle for the independence of the Irish Parliament. [183] ​​Charles Lucas (1713-1771), Irish doctor, patriot, often wrote for the "Freeman".John Philpot Curran (1750-1817), Irish lawyer and politician.Important advocate and champion of freedom in Ireland.Friend and ally of Irish patriot Henry Gratton. [184] refers to Seymour Bush (1853-1922).He was originally an Irish lawyer in the High Court, and later lived with Lady Brooke.Jazz threatened to accuse Bush of adultery, so he emigrated to England in 1901.In 1904, he served as the British Royal Counsel. [185] Charles Kendall Bush (1767-1843), Irish lawyer and orator.Supporter of Henry Grattan.In 1822 he served as President of the Irish Civil Court. [186] This is what the ghost of Prince Hamlet's father said to him.The ghost said how his brother put poison into his ear cavity, killed him and married the queen, see "Hamlet", Act 1, Scene 5. [187] "Beast with two backs" is a metaphor for male and female copulation (see "Othello", Act 1, Scene 1).In Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 5, the ghost tells Prince Hamlet that Claudius is an "adulterous brute" and that the queen is only "extremely chaste in appearance".Stephen interpreted the words of the undead as: Claudius conspired with the queen as early as King Hamlet was alive. [188] Originally in Italian. [189] Originally in Latin.It means that punishment for atrocities requires life for life, and an eye for an eye.见第21章第23至25节。下文中提到的《摩西》，指米开朗琪罗于一五一三至一五一六年间所雕的石像。都柏林法院的门廊里也有一座《摩西》石像。 [l90]“我”指斯蒂芬。 [191]德国哲学家弗里德里希・谢林(1775－1854)在《艺术哲学》中说：建筑乃是“空间的音乐，犹如冻结的音乐”。 [192]“半神半人的形象”一语出自布莱克的诗集《天真之歌》(1789)中的《神圣的形象》。 [193]威廉・马吉尼斯实有其人，为都柏林大学教授，乔伊斯曾受教于他。他赏识乔伊斯的才华，并认为乔伊斯是为了嘲弄拉塞尔才与他接近的。(见马文・马加拉内尔编集的《詹姆斯・乔伊斯杂录》，1962。) [194]指二十世纪初叶着迷于神秘主义和通神学的一批文人。拉塞尔是一九0四年经海伦娜・勃拉瓦茨基所认可的通神学会都柏林大白屋支部(又名大雅利安支部)的成员。 [195]“乳白色的”和“沉寂的”是拉塞尔本人以及受他影响的年轻诗人(如埃拉・扬)在诗中喜用的词句。 [196]A・E・是拉塞尔的笔名，参看第三章注[lO9]。 [197]海伦娜・佩带罗夫娜・勃拉瓦茨基(1831－1891)，俄国文通神学家、著作家，一度嫁给俄国军官勃拉瓦茨基，不久便分手。一八七五年与奥尔科特等人共同建立通神学会。一八七九年赴印度，三年后创办该会杂志《通神学家》，自任主编(1879－1888)。她研究神秘主义和招魂术，多年来足迹遍及亚、欧两洲及美国。晚年在伦敦潜心写作。 [198]美国记者指宾夕法尼亚大学的科尼利厄斯・韦安特教授。韦安特曾于一九0二年夏访问拉塞尔，并在《爱尔兰戏剧与剧作家》(1913)一书中，谈及一个不满二十一岁的少年(即指乔伊斯)夜间在街上等着拉塞尔，向他打招呼，并跟他探讨文学艺术问题。接着，少年懊丧地叹气并断然说，A・E・当不成他的救世主。 [199]约翰・弗・泰勒(约1850－1902)，爱尔兰记者，并为出席高等法院的律师。 [2O0]指一七七0年创立的三一学院史学会，泰勒是在一九0一年十月二十四日发表这个演说的。该史学会所举行的大学讨论会是爱尔兰乃至大不列颠历史最悠久的。 [201]杰拉尔德・菲茨吉本(1837－1909)于一八七八竿任上诉法庭庭长。他虽然是个爱尔生人，在任国民教育督察时，却试图使爱尔兰英国化。 [202]爱尔兰语及盖尔语，参看第九章注[180]。 [203]蒂摩西(蒂姆为爱称)・迈克尔・希利(1855－1931)，爱尔兰政治家，曾当过巴涅尔(见第二章注[81])的助手。然而巴涅尔一失势，他又成为带头将其赶下台的人们中的一个。 [204]乖娃儿指希利。在十九世纪，三四岁以下的男童多着长罩衣。这里是挖苦希利装出一副天真的样子来谴责巴涅尔所谓“道德败坏”的罪行。 [205]这里套用《启示录》第16章第1节语:“把那七碗天主的愤怒倾泄在地上。” [206]“让……上升”出自辛白林对预言者所讲的话，见莎士比亚的《辛白林》第5幕第5场。 [207]教父是对早期基督教会领袖的称呼，这里指圣奥古斯丁(354－430)。他曾于三九六至四三0年任罗马帝国非洲领地希波(即今阿尔及利亚境内)主教，是当时西方教会最杰出的思想家。 [208]“我受到……腐蚀”，出自圣奥古斯丁的第7卷。下面的句子是:“因此，倘若把事物中美好的部分统统剥夺掉，它们也就不存在了。因此，只要它们存在，它们就是美好的。因此，凡是存在的东西，就都是美好的。” [209]古代由奴隶划桨的单层甲板大帆船。 [210]这里表现出乔伊斯的民族主义思想。把埃及比作英国，把爱尔兰人比作被其奴役的犹太人。 [211]据第1至4章，埃及王曾下令将希伯来人的新生男婴统统扔进尼罗河。有一对夫妇用蒲草编了只篮子，将自己的男婴放进去，然后把篮子藏在河边芦苇丛里。娃娃被埃及王的女儿所收养。公主说：“我从水里把这孩子拉上来，就叫他摩西吧。”在希伯来语中，“摩西”与“拉出”，发音相近。摩西长大后，被推崇为犹太人的领袖，成为该民族的偶像般的人物。 [212]参看第2章第7至10节。当埃及公主打开篮子，发现里面的男婴后，藏在暗处的婴儿的姐姐走出来，问她：“要不要我去找一个希伯来女人来做他的奶妈?”公主说：“好啊。”于是，那个女孩就把婴儿的生母找来。公主托她把娃娃抚养大。孩子长大后，公主才正式收养他作自己的儿子。 [213]据第2章第11至12节，摩西看见一个埃及人杀了希伯来同胞，便下手杀了那埃及人，把尸首埋在沙里。 [214]第34章第29节有“当摩西带着十诫的法版从西奈山下来的时候，脸上发光”之句，而圣哲罗姆(347－419或420)把《圣经・旧约》从希伯来文译成拉丁文时，却将“发光”误译为“长了犄角”。结果以讹传讹，米开朗琪罗(1396－1472)的雕塑《摩西》以及出自大多数中世纪画家之手的摩西的造型，均长着一对犄角。 [215]十九世纪末叶西方研究《圣经》的学者一般认为，犹太人的一神教起源于住在西奈山附近、相信这座神圣的山上有位雅赫维神(意即“万有之主”)的那些部族。摩西与其说是一个人物，毋宁说是这些部族的象征性代表。 [216]伊希斯是古埃及主要女神之一，司众生之事，能起死回生。俄赛里斯是古埃及主神之一，他统治死者。何露斯是古埃及宗教所奉之神，其形象似隼，太阳和月亮是他的双目。阿蒙一瑞是古埃及的国神，号称众神之王。其像如人，有时生有公羊头，与妻子穆特和养子柯恩苏共为底比斯的三神。 [217]摩西对以色列人民说：“要牢记这一天；这一天你们离开了埃及――你们被奴役过的地方。”见第13章第3节。 [218]摩西率领以色列人离开埃及后，“白天，上主走在他们前面，用云柱指示方向……”参看第13章第21节。 [219]参看第19章第16至22节。 [220]“他”指摩西。据《申命记》第34章，上主让摩西从摩押平原的比斯迦山峰上俯瞰迦南(巴斯斯坦及相毗连的腓尼基一带的古称)全境，并对他说，这就是应许给他后代的土地，“但是你不能进去。”摩西死在摩押地，终生未能进入迦南。 [221]“预期到会致死的－吐血症”，原文作expectorated-demise。这是文字游戏。“Ex－pectorat”作“吐痰、吐血”解，“demise”作“死亡”解。“Expectorated”一词，语意双关，如果去掉中间的“ora”三个字母，就成了“expected”，作“预期”解。 [222]“随风飘去”一词出自英国颓废派诗人欧内斯特・道森(1867－1900)的题名《在好西纳拉的魔力下，我不再是过去的自己》(1896)的诗。 [223]“位于马勒麻斯特……嗓音里”影射奥康内尔的活动。奥康内尔曾以爱尔兰人民的保民官(古罗马各种军事和民政官员的总称。其职责是保护人民，反对行政长官发布的命令)自况。这里还显然把聚集的群众比作古代诸王的军队。“人们隐蔽在他的嗓音里”指的是他作为爱尔兰律师，能够把法庭当成民族主义的讲坛，以表达人民的心声。奥康内尔在全国范围内召开一系列大规模群众集会，其中声势最浩大的是一八四三年在马勒麻斯特(都柏林西南35英里处的山寨围垣)和塔拉(都柏林西北21英里处的一应矮山，属米斯郡，系爱尔兰古都所在地，有王宫遗址)举行的两次集会，号召爱尔兰人民团结起来争取建立独立的爱尔兰议会。柱廊原指希腊思想家、斯多葛哲学派创立者、季蒂昂的芝诺(约公元前335－约前263)讲学的地方(斯多阿・波伊奇列，意即“彩色的柱廊”)。此外则指聚在一起听奥康内尔讲演的数十万乃至一百万群众。 [224]阿卡沙是神秘学名词。指关于太初以来人间一切事件、活动、思想和感觉的形象记录。据说是印在阿卡沙(即人类所感觉不到的一种星光――液态以太)上。照神秘学的说法，只有少数鬼魂附体者才能感受得到阿卡沙秘录。 [225]从“随风飘去”到“我有钱”，是斯蒂芬的思想活动。“爱戴并赞美他”，套用《辛白林》第5幕第5场中辛白林对预言者所说的“让我们赞美神明”(下面紧接本章注[206]中所引的“让香烟袅袅上升”)。最后的“我有钱”，指当天斯蒂芬领了薪金。 [226]法国式的恭维――指言而无信。 [227]穆尼是位于《自由人报》社以东的一家酒馆。与斯蒂芬原约好中午跟穆利根、海恩斯在那里相聚的“船记”酒馆，相隔仅四个门。 [228]这是《麦克白》第5幕第8场中，篡夺了王位的麦克白与苏格兰贵族麦克德夫决斗时，麦克白所说的话。 [229]原文为拉丁文，出自《埃涅阿斯记》第2卷。在迦太基女王狄多的央求下，埃涅阿斯对她诉说攻陷伊利昂城时的情景。 [230]“多风的特洛伊”一语出自丁尼生的(1842)一诗。 [231]指特洛伊城陷落后，希腊人成了地中海的主人，然而在一九0四年，希腊已沦为弱国。 [232]语出自爱尔生女作家西德尼・摩根夫人(1780－1859)。 [233]维斯太是古罗马宗教所信奉的女灶神。祭司长从七至十岁的童贞女中选六名，让她们主持对该神的国祭，叫作维斯太贞女。一经选中须供职三十年，其间必须坚守童贞。期满后方可嫁人。此词转义为重贞女或尼姑。 [234]、[235]凡巴利小巷和黑坑都位于都柏林的自由区(参看第三章注[16])。 [236]这里，斯蒂芬在回忆自己夜间路遇妓女的经历。 [237]这里模仿《创世记》第1章第3节中的语调。原句是：天主命令，要有光，就有了光。 [238]典出自耶稣所讲的十个处女挑着油灯去迎接新郎的比喻。其中五个聪明的另外还带了油，就得以和新郎一起进去赴宴。另外五个笨的因没带够油，未能进去赴宴。见《马太福音》第25章。 [239]第三章第106页第10行提到一位来自自由区的弗萝伦斯・麦凯布。 [240]耶稣受难会是一七三七年由意大利的保罗・弗朗西斯科・丹内(1697－1775)创建的天主教修会。 [241]吉尼斯啤酒公司酿造的双X牌啤酒是供内销的，三X牌则是供出口的。 [242]《爱尔兰天主教报》和《都柏林小报》都是每逢星期四出版的周报。 [243]《基尔肯尼民众报》是每逢星期六在基尔肯尼出版的周报。 [244]钥匙(keys)与凯斯(Keyes)谐音。 [245]原文作:K・M・A・为kiss my arse的首字。这是门徒们对魔鬼表示恭顺的方式。 [246]原文作:K・M・R・I・A.为kiss my royal Irish arse的首字。 [247]原文为拉丁文。法律用语，指欠债者无财物可变卖抵债或作抵押。按刚才在办公室里，杰・杰・奥莫洛伊曾向克劳福德开口借过钱。 [248]达格尔是都柏林以南十二英里处的一道风光绮丽的峡谷。 [249]拉思曼斯是都柏林的准自治市。蓝色拱顶指一八五0年建立的圣母堂，距纳尔进纪念圆柱两英里。 [250]指距纳尔逊纪念圆柱半英里多的方济各教堂。由于天主教信仰遭到英国统治者的压制，方济各会的神父们于一六一八年在罗斯玛丽巷建立了一应“地下”教堂。教徒们望弥撒时，假装到该巷的一家名叫亚当与夏娃的客栈去。为了纪念这段历史，人们至今仍把附近的一座圣方济各教堂称作亚当与夏娃教堂。 [251]圣劳伦斯・奥图尔(113Z－1180)，爱尔兰的主保圣人。以他的名字命名的这座教堂在纪念圆柱附近。 [252]奸夫指纳尔逊。一七九七年在和西班牙舰队进行海战时，他右臂受伤，后截肢。一七九八年，他与英国驻那不靳斯公使威廉・汉密尔顿爵士(1730－1803)之妻艾玛(约1765－1815)发生崦凉叵担此事成为当时英国政界一大丑闻。 [253]见《马太福音》第13章第3至9节中耶稣对群众所讲撒种的寓言。“有些种子落在好土壤里，长大结实，收成有一百倍的，有六十倍的，也有三十倍的。”这里把吐李子核儿和撒种子联系在一起了。 [254]智者派指公元前五世纪至前四世纪古希腊的一些演说家、作家和教师。后来此间衍成为“强词夺理的诡辩者”的替代语。 [255]潘奈洛佩是伊大嘉国王奥德修之妻，以贞节著称。 [256]安提西尼(约公元前445－前365)，古希腊哲学家，犬儒学派创始人。他抨击社会上的蠢事和不平，并号召人们克己自制。此派人生活刻苦，衣食简朴。 [257]高尔吉亚(活动时期约公元前427－约前399)，希腊智者派和雄辩家。 [258]阿凯人指希腊人。古希腊有几个地区叫作阿凯斯(包括整个伯罗奔尼撒半岛的东部地区)。 [259]潘奈洛佩・里奇(约1562－1607)，英国贵妇人。一五八一年嫁给里奇勋爵，后离婚，改嫁蒙乔伊勋爵。宫廷诗人菲利普・锡德尼爵士(1554－1586)曾与她相爱，并为她写了一组十四行诗《爱星者和星星》(1582)。“星”的就是她。她为人风流，与奥德修那个从一而终的妻子形成对照，正如她的姓里奇(Rich，意即“阔绰”)与“贫穷”(poor)形成对照。 [260]拉思法纳姆是都柏林郊外一村庄，距都柏林中央区以南三英里。 [261]唐尼布鲁克是距纪念圆柱东南二英里的村庄。 [262]原文作sophomore，即大学二年级学生。 [263]原文为拉丁文。语出自维吉尔的《牧歌》。 [264]指摩西从比斯迦山峰上俯瞰迦南一事，参看本章注[220]。 [265]耶稣喜欢用寓言来教导门徒，参看本章注[253]。照基督教的说法，李子象征忠诚与独立。 [266]霍雷肖是纳尔逊的教名。 [267]约翰・格雷爵士(参看第六章注[49])的雕像坐落在街心岛上。 [268]弗萝是弗萝伦斯的爱称。