Chapter 44 Notes to Chapter 6

[1] The character Jack Bauer has appeared in "Dubliner Saint Grace", he works for the Royal Irish Police Headquarters in Dublin Fort (British colonial institution). [2] According to the Irish custom, when a funeral is held nearby, all shops are closed, and the residents pull down the shutters to show their condolences. [3] Aunt Fleming is a woman who often comes to Bloom's house to do some housework. Here Bloom is recalling the scene after the death of their only son Rudy."涿拉拉拍洛" in the previous article is a free translation, transliterated as Slipperslepper, the poor old woman in the folk song "Fox" (see Note [63] in Chapter 1), which symbolizes Ireland.

[4] Dignamu, whom they buried, lived at 9 Newbridge Street. [5] Haofengxi refers to the funeral procession deliberately passing through the bustling area so that more passers-by can express their condolences to the deceased. [6] The original text is in Latin.Achates is the faithful and brave companion of Aeneas.Aeneas is the hero of Troy and Rome in Roman mythology. For his legend, see the epic poem "Aeneas" written by the Roman poet Virgil.Here old Simon compares his son Stephen to Aeneas, and Mulligan to Achates. [7] Goulding (see Note [32] in Chapter 3) is a cost accountant at the law firm of Corliss-Ward.He put his surname in front of the firm to make people think he was the big boss.

[8] Ignatius Gallagher is a reporter who appeared in "Dubliners: A Cloud".According to the "Great Gallagher" section of Chapter 7 of this book, he became famous for getting the scoop after the Phoenix Park assassination. [9] The language comes from "Henry IV (Part 2)", Act 2, Scene 1.When the proprietress of the Boar's Head came with her servants to arrest Falstaff, he yelled, "Go away, you bitch! . . . I'll cut your ass off!" [10] Eton College is a British aristocratic public school located in Eton, Berkshire. [11] The door of Richmond Bridwell Prison bears the slogan "Stop Doing Evil and Learn to Do Good."The words come from verses 16 to 17 of Chapter 1 of "Old Testament Isaiah".At the end of the nineteenth century, the prison was incorporated into Wellington Barracks.When the Blooms lived in Raymond High Street, it was a long way from the barracks.

[12] Greystones is an exclusive beach twenty miles south of Dublin City. [13] Ned Lambert was an acquaintance of Bloom's who worked in a seed and grain store. [14] Hines (aka Joseph McCarthy Hines) appeared in "Dubliners Remembrance Day, in the Committee Office).He followed Bagnell in reciting a long poem he wrote on the anniversary of his death.In fact, it was written by Joyce himself when he heard the sad news of Parnell's death when he was nine years old. After processing, he put it at the end of this novel. [15] At that time, the Irish decocted flaxseed as a decoction.

[l6] Refers to the dog shelter run by the Dublin Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, located on the pier of the Grand Canal.Athos is Bloom's father's dog.His father had entrusted the dog to him in his suicide note before committing suicide. [17] The language comes from Chapter 11, Section 2 of the Gospel of Luke.This is one of the scriptures that Jesus taught his disciples, from which the "Our Father" comes from. [18] Paddy Leonard once appeared in "Dubliners: Like a Couple", he has nothing to do and spends all day in the hotel. [19] Ben Dollard is a local singer.In the eleventh chapter of this book, there is a scene where he sings "The Boy with the Flathead".It was a ballad in praise of Irish nationalists.The author is John Kells Ingram (1828-1907), an Irish historical economist, scholar, and poet.See Chapter II Note [58].

[20] "Retrospective Arrangement", see Note [178] in Chapter 11 and relevant text.For Dan Dawson in the following text, see Note [55] in Chapter Seven. [21] Peake and Allaine below are both characters in "Unique and Coupled".The work also mentions the law firm of Crosby & Alleyne. [22] Xiaohua refers to Saint Teresa the Little (1873-1897), a Frenchman who joined the Carmelites in Lisieux at the age of fifteen.After her autobiography "Little History of the Spiritual Mind" (she called herself "the little flower of God") was published in 1897, some Catholics deeply admired it and called it the "little flower" spirit.Next, from the newspaper verse, Bloom associates his correspondence with Martha under the false name of Henry Flower.

[23] Eugene Stratton (1861-1918), a black singer and comedian born in the United States, became famous in England and was performing in Dublin at that time. [24] "The Lily of Killarney" (1862) is based on the play "The Blonde Girl" (1860) by the Irish-born American playwright Dane Bowsey Coulter (1822-1890). An Irish opera adapted for Collen Bowen. [25] "The Pleasant Voyage of the Bristol" is a musical comedy, which was being staged at the Royal Theater at that time. [26] "He" refers to Blazes Boylan. [27] Sir Philip Crampton (1777-1858), a surgeon in Dublin.

[28] "Who" also refers to Blazes Boylan. [29] The restaurant is named for serving oysters caught from the Red Sands Bank in County Clare, on the west coast of Ireland.It advertises the freshest oysters in all of Ireland. [30] According to Chapter 17, Bloom's father committed suicide in County Clare on June 27, 1886, and he was going to commemorate the nineteenth anniversary of his late father's death. [31] Mary Anderson (1859-1940), an American actress, settled in England in 1890 and continued to actively engage in theatrical activities.At that time, he was starring in "Romeo and Juliet" (a garden scene) in Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland.

[32] Louis Werner was conducting and accompanying Mary Anderson's performance in Belfast. [33] J·C·Doyle is a baritone singer.John McCormack (1884-1945), an Irish-born tenor singer, became famous in London. [34] Originally in French. [35] Refers to the statue of William Smith O'Brien (1803-1864) erected on the street.An Irish patriot and leader of the Young Irish movement, he died on June 16.Therefore, this day happens to be his death day. [36] Original text: For many happy returns.It was originally used as a congratulatory language for birthdays or celebrations, but rarely used for death days.

[37] Thomas Farrell (1827-1900), an Irish sculptor. [38] There was indeed a man named Henry R. Tweedy at the time.He is Chief Prosecutor in Wadfordshire and has his own firm in Hume Street, Dublin.There is no record about his desolate evening scene. The phrase "remains of the past..." is a reference to the Irish song "The Hat My Dad Wore" by Johnny Paterson. [39] Snuff was snuffed at the wake to stifle the breath of death, and kicking it around showed that it was not being used properly. [40] The main character in American playwright William Bell Bernard's (1807-1875) two-act farce "He's at the end of his rope" (1889) is called Felix O'Callaghan.He was originally a country gentleman, but later fell into poverty.

[41] The original text of "madame" here and below is French. [42], [43] were originally written in Italian.In the latter sentence, Bloom corrects himself.See the notes [51] and [52] in Chapter Four. [44] Originally in Italian.This is the lyrics sung by the heroine Zellina to the hero Don Giovanni in the duet of "Give Her". [45] Crofton is a character in Remembrance Day, In the Committee Office.He was modeled after J. T. A. Crofton (1838-1907).This man worked with Joyce's father, John S. Joyce (the model for Simon Dedalus in the work) at the Dublin Revenue Office. [46] The liberator refers to Daniel O'Connell, see Note [51] in Chapter Two.This refers to the bronze statue erected at the head of the O'Connell Bridge.It was sculpted by Irish sculptor John Henry Foley (1818-1874). [47] Reus was the great-grandson of Abraham.The Reubenchi tribe is one of the twelve tribes of ancient Israel who settled down in Canaan after leaving Egypt, see Chapter 1 of "Old Testament Numbers".This is pointing to Reuben Jay who was walking past the street ・Dodd.It is believed that the Judah who betrayed Jesus belonged to the Reubenchi family.Here, this person not only sells usury goods, but also happens to be named Reuben, so he is said to be a descendant of Reuben. [48] ​​Xiangji store is a store that sells waterproof equipment. [49] Sir John Gray (1816-1875), manager of the "Freeman", was credited with advocating the laying of water mains in Dublin. [50] The Isle of Man (also translated as the Isle of Man) is located off the northwest coast of England, on the Irish Sea, and is managed by the British government and enjoys great autonomy.The current government consists of the acting Governor (appointed by the Lord of the Isle of Man) and the House of Commons. [51] Barabbas was a criminal prisoner. According to the demand of the people, he was released, but Jesus suffered in his place, was crucified and died.See chapter 27 of Matthew.In Christopher Marlowe's (1564-1593) poetic play The Jew of Malta (1589), the main character, Barabbas, falls to his death in a boiling pot of water that he used to frame his enemies. [52] This is a memorial column erected at the intersection of O'Connell Street in 1908 to commemorate Nelson's military exploits.There is a statue of him on the column.Destroyed in 1966. [53] For the meaning of the hat, see Note [38] in this chapter. [54] Refers to the Edinburgh Temperance Hotel in Dublin.This restaurant does not serve alcohol at all. [55] Father Theobald Matthew (1790-1861), Irish Catholic priest, president of the Fraticelli Capuchin branch.He lobbied all over Ireland and persuaded people to quit drinking, and his achievements were notable, so he was called "the quitter".His statue also stands on O'Connell Street. [56] The cornerstone of the Parnell Monument was placed as early as 1899, but it was not until 1911 that the monument designed by the American sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens was erected.Parnell died of heart failure caused by acute pneumonia. [57] According to the ancient Jewish creed, the health of a child depends on the strength of the father.Jewish law states that a man must have both sons and daughters and requires that these sons and daughters also be able to reproduce. [58] The four lines of the poem "The bones rattled..." I am not willing to claim" are excerpted from "Driving a Hearse for the Poor" written by the British poet Thomas Noel (1799-1861). The whole poem describes a coachman driving a horse Broken hearses, drawn by horses, carried the remains of the poor to churchyards. [59] Here, Martin Cunningham quotes only the first half of the prayer, the second half being: "We are with death." [60] Until the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Irish folk also had a superstitious belief that the ghosts of suicides would return to the world like goblins to make troubles.Only by driving a stake into the heart of the corpse can it be prevented. [61] "He" refers to Martin Cunningham. In "Dubliner Saint Grace" it is mentioned that his wife is a hopeless alcoholic who has pawned all the furniture six times. [62] Quoted from the song "Treasures of Asia" in the operetta "Geisha", the script author is Harry Greenbank, and the music is composed by James Phillips. [63] Refers to the annual international car race, the winner of which will receive the Gordon Bennett Trophy.Gordon Bennett (1841-1918) was the editor-in-chief of the "New York Herald" in the United States, and he rewarded various sports competitions throughout his life. [64] This is the folk song "Has anyone seen Kelly here?" adapted from the British song "Kelly from the Isle of Man" (1908) by American William J. McKenna. "(1909), the first sentence, the next sentence is: "from Kelly of the Emerald Isle." Emerald Isle is another name for Ireland. [65] "Saul" is an oratorio based on the "Bible" by the German (later British) composer George Friedrich Handel (1685-1759). It was first performed in London in 1739 .Funeral Song is one of those episodes. [66] Songs about Kelly are preceded by an intro, telling the story of an Italian ice cream merchant who is as ungrateful as Kelly. "He is as bad as... Lingding" are two of them. [67] Originally in Latin.The hospital (see note [37] in Chapter 1) is located at the intersection of Berkeley Street and Eccles Street. [68] The Blooms live at 7 Eccles Street. [69] The character of old Mrs. Riordan appears in Chapter 1 of A Portrayal of the Artist as a Young Man under the name Dante. 70 This man is Dixon, a former medical student at Our Lady of Mercy, whom Bloom reunites with in Chapter Fourteen. [71] In "Odyssey" Volume 11, Odysseus saw Orion in the underworld driving the beast he killed on the barren hill before his death, across the never-withered grassland; Constant brass staff. [72] Namely Joseph Kraft, see Note [18] in Chapter Four. [73] There is a poem entitled "Roast Beef in Old England" in Act 3, Scene 2 of the early play "Modern Husband" (1732) by British novelist and playwright Henry Fielding (l707-1754) , later composed by R · Leveridge, became a popular song.The main idea of ​​the whole poem is that the British people are healthy physically and mentally because they love roast beef, and the soldiers are also brave.Here, the "of" in the original poem is changed to "for", which means "roast beef for old England". [74] Crown Sila is a railway junction seven miles west of Dublin. [75] The city of Milan has a seven-mile track dedicated to funeral trams.From the city center to the cemetery in the suburbs. [76]Dunphy Point is at the intersection of Dry North Circular Road and Phibbsboro Road.It was named because there was a bar of the same name opened by Thomas Dunfield here.In 1904, the pub was run by John Doyle. [77] The Irish called whiskey the elixir of life.Ancient alchemists in Western Europe once believed that red grapes could make people immortal.There is a famous line in Act 2, Scene 1 of the play "The Alchemist" by British playwright Bian Jonson (1572?-1637): "The mellow red wine we call the elixir of life." [78] "The Bugaboo Goes to Sail" is a satirical poem by J.P. Rooney about a helmsman driving a barge called "Bugaboo" to deliver peat in his sleep.The canal is calm and calm, but the sailors imagine that the ship is sailing in the stormy sea. [79] Athlone, Mullingar and the Vale of Moy are three cities located from west to east along the Royal Canal in Ireland. [80] Refers to the Rennes Auction House, the owner is P·A· Rennes. [81] James McCann, chairman of the Irish Grand Canal Company, had died four months before Bloom recalled the matter (ie February 12, 1904). [82] This is a tavern named after Brian Bromma (926-1014).He is the great king of Munster in the southwest of Ireland, and he once defeated the Danes who were entrenched in Ireland.This area is an ancient battlefield. [83] Flotie is a character in "Dubliners of Saint Grace" who runs January's Grocery Store.Tom Kernan, a friend of his, had bought on credit from his store and never paid. [84] "Shadow... is precious" is a term commonly found on Irish tombstones and obituaries in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and was also incorporated into George Linley's (1798-1825) song "Your Memory is Sincere". Valuable" (1840). [85] The road forks in front of Prospect Cemetery in Glasnevin.Grass Neven Road on the right and Graveyard Road to Finglas Road on the left. [86] Hamlet compared the world to a "barren garden" in his monologue because his mother remarried to his brother-in-law after the death of his father, see Act 1, Scene 2 of "Hamlet".Hereinafter, "a haunted house" refers to the house where Thomas Childs was murdered. [87] Seymour Bush was a well-known lawyer in Ireland.Samuel Childs was accused of murdering his brother Thomas on September 2, 1898, and Bush was defending him.Samuel was acquitted the following October. [88] British legal interpreter William Blaxton (1723-1780) once said: "It is better to let ten criminals escape the law than to wrong one innocent person." Martin Cunningham combined this sentence with the words of Jesus ("One sinner who repents causes more joy in heaven than ninety-nine good men who need no repentance", cf. Luke 15:6) Pulled together. [89] Hamlet took advantage of the opportunity of letting the usurping uncle watch the play to see if he was the real murderer of Nai brother, and made such a monologue, "No matter how secretive the murder is, the inside story will always... come out." See Hamlet, Act 2, Scene 2. [90] Prospect Cemetery is the destination of the funeral procession. [91] A raisin cake named after Lambert Simnel.See Chapter III note [153]. [92] Hard biscuits for dogs, made with bone meal, etc.Here, Simnel pastries are compared to dog biscuits due to their hard crust. [93] Finglas is a village located northwest of the cemetery, which has a quarry. [94] This description is reminiscent of the scene where Odysseus meets the ghost of Elpinor in the underworld in the fourth paragraph of Volume 11 of "Odyssey".He asked the ghost: "Erpino, why have you come to the dark underworld? Your walking seems to be faster than our black ship." (Quoted from Yang Xianyi's translation, p. 133) [95] Ennis is a town in County Clare, Ireland. [96] Refers to the mausoleum of Cardinal Edward McCabe (1816-1885). [97] Altan is a village a mile northeast of Dublin where there is a Catholic children's workhouse. [98] Short for Todd Burns & Co., a silk and hat shop in Dublin.One of Joyce's own younger sisters, May, worked here. [99] "Wise...many" is from a parody song by Murray and Leigh entitled "Three Women to a Man." [100] According to the custom in some areas of India, when widows hold cremation for their dead husbands, they also jump into the fire and burn themselves in public to die for their husbands. [101] The old queen refers to Queen Victoria (see Note [105] in Chapter 1).Widowed in 1861, she buried her husband, Prince Albert, in Frogmore's Tomb, where she remained a widow for life.After her death, according to her last wish, the coffin was transported in a cannon cart, and her body was buried with her deceased husband. [102] Purple symbolizes sincere love and can be used instead of black when mourning. "Deep in the heart", see what Hamlet says to Horatio in Act 3, Scene 2 of Hamlet. [103] Refers to Queen Victoria's eldest son, the Prince of Wales (see Note [50] in Chapter Two) who can inherit the throne. [104] "The City of Cork" (1825) is the title of a song written by Thomas Crofton Crocker (1798-1854), which shows off local food, drink and merrymaking.Cork is the capital of County Cork, County Munster, Ireland. [105] The peak of the annual Cork Park race is Easter Monday, the day after Easter (4 April in 1904). [106] This is the cost of transporting the body of a executed criminal to the cemetery and burying it according to Christian etiquette.Here, "six shillings and eightpence" is taken as a substitute for "not changed at all". [107] John Henry Menton is based on a Dublin lawyer of the same name, and in the novel, Dignam worked at his firm at one point during his lifetime. [108] There is a burlesque song in Ireland called "I Owe O'Grady Ten Dollars" (1887).Written by Harry Kennedy.Write about a little tailor O'Grady who can't get back the money owed to him by an unemployed person ("I"). [1O9] The brass barrel contained the holy water, and a stick with which to dip the holy water and sprinkle it over the coffin. [110] These are two lines from the fourteen-stanza nursery rhyme "Mockingbird".The author is unknown, but it is said to have been compiled by Iona and Peter Opie.The first paragraph is: "Who killed the mockingbird? / The sparrow said: It was I. / With my bow and arrow. / I killed the mockingbird." Related to this article is the sixth paragraph: "Who will be the priest? /The rook said, I. /Bring my little book, /I will be a priest.” There is a slight discrepancy in the sentence, and I don’t know whether it’s because Bloom remembered it wrong, or there are different versions circulating. [111] In English, the coffin (coffin) is pronounced as Coffin, which is similar in pronunciation to Coffey. [l12] This Latin prayer was originally written as ln nomine Domini (in the name of the Lord).Bloom heard it as Domine namine. Domine is "lord", but namine does not have this word. [113] Around 1857, some people in the Church of England, led by pastor, novelist, and poet Charles Kingsley (1819-1875), argued that Christians must have a strong body in order to maintain integrity and Get true religion. [114] This is what Jesus said after meeting Simon for the first time.See John 1:42.Peter means "rock", referring to the rock on which the church will be built.From then on, Simon changed his name to Peter.The Catholic Church regards him as the first pope. [115] Originally in Latin.See Psalm 143, verse 2.This is the first sentence of the scriptures to be chanted when the coffin is about to be carried to the cemetery after the requiem mass. [116] Paid mourners in cheap black crepe mourning clothes. [117] This is a book or list signed by those attending the funeral. [1l8] At that time there was a music teacher and organist in Dublin named Mervyn Brown. There is also a character named Brown in "Dubliners: Dead". [119] The original text is Latin, which is the penultimate sentence of "Our Father".See Matthew 6:13. [120] Here, as usual, the deacon recites the last sentence of the Catholic Church: "Save me from evil, O men." [l21] Originally in Latin.These are the words from the scriptures read in preparation for the burial. [122] After O'Connell's death, his body was initially interred in a round altar surrounded by a deep ditch in the center of the cemetery.Later, in memory of him, a 160-foot-high round tower was built in this cemetery.In 1869, his body was relocated and buried in the underground mourning hall of the tower. [123] Dan O is short for Daniel O'Connell. [124] O'Connell died in Geneva in 1847.According to his wishes, the heart was buried in Rome and the body was returned to Dublin. [125] She refers to Mary Goulding Dedalus, late wife of Simon Dedalus. [126] In the same boat, this refers to the fact that among the mourners, only himself and Kernan do not believe in Catholicism and are in the same situation. [127] The Anglican Church in Ireland is a Protestant church. It was designated as the National Church of Ireland in 1537, but the number of believers only accounts for one-eighth of the total population.Catholics make up four out of five.Therefore, its state church status was revoked in 1869, and it has been self-supporting ever since. [128] The Anglican Church in Ireland uses English instead of Latin for its ceremonies. [129] This is what Jesus said to Martha, see John Chapter 11, Section 25. [130] According to Chapter 6, Section 40 of John's Gospel, Jesus said to the crowd that God's will is to give eternal life to all who see Jesus "and believe in him; at the last day, I (Jesus) will make them resurrection". [131] According to Chapter 11, Sections 39 to 44 of "John's Gospel", Martha's brother had been buried for four days, but Jesus asked people to remove the stone blocking the entrance of the tomb and shouted: "Lazarus, Come out!" The dead man came back to life and came out. [132] "cameforth" (coming out) in the English translation of the "Bible" is homonymous with "camefourth" (the fourth one coming out).Here is a play on words, saying that he was "camefifth" (fifth out), so he lost his job. 2l4 [133] The troy system is a unit of weight used in Britain and the United States to measure gold, silver, and precious stones.Twelve British taels per pound, twenty British dollars per British dollar, and twenty-four grains (grains) per British dollar.Gram is the metric unit of weight, and each gram is about fifteen and a half grains. [134] The name of the town of Round was obtained from a circle of dwellings in the village of Trienia, on the southern outskirts of Dublin City.Matt Dillon is a Senator for the City of Dublin.John O'Connell in the following text reappears in Chapter 15 (see Note [179] of that chapter and related text). [135] In English, keys (keys) and Keyes (Keyes) are homophonic."Personal corpus" in the following text is originally written in Latin. [136] Bowles Bridge is on the southeastern outskirts of Dublin City. [137] A song entitled "Silver Threads in Blonde Hair" (1874) is used here.The song celebrates an elderly loving couple with lyrics by Eben E. Rexford and music by Hart Pease Danks (1834-1903). [138] The phrase "when... come" comes from Act 3, Scene 2 of "Hamlet".At this moment, the prince has made up his mind to avenge the murder of his father, and he uses this confession to express his feelings. [139] There are still legends in Dublin that Daniel O'Connell had a large number of illegitimate children, so he is called the "Father of Ireland". [140] Refers to Romeo digging open the door of the tomb and seeing Juliet in a coma after taking sleeping pills.See Romeo and Juliet, Act 5, Scene 8. [141] This is an inversion of the phrase "in existence, we associate with death".See note [59] in this chapter. [142] The remains of ancient Irish kings and chieftains were sometimes enshrined in a standing posture with their faces facing the direction of the enemy country, fully clothed. [143] Major Gamble was the caretaker of Mount Jerome Cemetery. [144] Mastensky was Bloom's neighbor. [145] In Kyiv under the rule of Tsarist Russia in 1912, a Jew named Mendel Belis was suspected of killing a Christian boy in order to draw his blood for the Passover feast. on trial.The Western world saw this as a deliberate anti-Semitic slander, which sparked outrage and Baylis was released.But this book is about what happened in 1904.There is a discrepancy in time. [146] A moth with skull-like patterns on its back, hence the name. L147] Both lines are quoted from Boylan's song about girls on the beach (Boylan once sang "dizzy" as "cloud").The second sentence is slightly different.See Note [65] in Chapter Four and related text. [148] According to Western folklore, Peter, a disciple of Jesus, is the priest of heaven.In Act 8, Scene 4 of Ibsen's poetic drama "Peer Gynt", Peer coaxes his dying mother to say that he will send her to heaven, and Peter is guarding the gate of heaven. [149] Punch wine is a soft drink made by mixing wine with fruit juice, spices, milk, tea, sugar, etc. [150] In Hamlet, Act 5, Scene 1, the gravediggers, played by two clowns, say something both absurd and philosophical. [151] The original text is a Latin proverb.Here, Bloom misremembered a word, which should have read: "Say nothing but good things about the dead." [152] The phrase "of my" comes from Chapter 3, Scene 2 of Shakespeare's tragedy Julius Caesar.After the ancient Roman commander Caesar was assassinated by the Republicans, Caesar's supporter Anthony gave a speech to the people, inciting the people and driving the Republicans out of Rome.This sentence appears at the beginning of the speech.The author changed the "I" in the original sentence to "we" when quoting.The middle of the month is the fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October in the ancient Roman calendar, and the thirteenth day of other months.Mid-March is the day of Caesar's assassination, and mid-June is the anniversary of Dignam's death. [l53] This man in the tape raincoat appears several times in the book. Elman said in "James Joyce" (note on page 516) that Stuart Gilbert believed that the prototype of this character was Joy W. Weatherup, a colleague of John Joyce's father, John Joyce, was a tax collector. [154] Robinson Crusoe is the protagonist in Defoe's (1660-1731) novel of the same name (1719).After he was exiled to a desert island, he rescued an aborigine from the cannibal on Friday, and named him "Friday".But in the original, he was not buried by "Friday", but returned home on a British ship. [155] These are the first and fourth lines of a song entitled "Poor old Robinson Crusoe," quoted slightly altered.The original song reads: "Poor old Robinson Crusoe is missing, / On an island they say, / He stole the skin of a he-goat, / I don't know how he could do it." [156] The Jews were eager to transport their remains back to the holy land of Palestine for burial after death, or at least put a handful of soil from the land in the coffin to accompany them. [157] Here, the author humorously imitates the English proverb that the home of an Englishman is his fortress. [158] According to Jesus, he had dinner with the twelve disciples on the eve of his death.Therefore, the superstition that thirteen is inauspicious is still circulating in the West. [159] There was indeed a tailor named George R. Messias in Dublin at that time. [160] When dyeing clothes, the fabric can absorb purple dye, and the thread will shine after dyeing.So here it is said that the end of the thread should be removed, so that it cannot be seen that it has been scratched. [16l] When the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) was dying, he said: "Brighter! Brighter!" [162] The phrase "Since..." comes from "The Land" (1887) by the French novelist Emile Zola (1860-1902).This novel describes the tragic death of an old farmer at the hands of his son and daughter-in-law who covet his land. [163] "Lucia" was adapted by Gaetano Donisetti (1797-1848) based on the long historical novel "The Bride of Lamamore" (1819) by British novelist Walter Scott (1771-1832) The resulting opera was staged in London in 1843.In the last scene, the hero knows that his lover Lucia has died of insanity because of being forced to marry, so he also commits suicide. [164] Every year on the anniversary of the death of Charlie Stuart Parnell (October 6), his supporters always wear ivy leaves as a memorial, hence the name.See Dubliners, Remembrance Day, at the Commission Office. [165] According to the teachings of the Catholic Church, after the death of ordinary people, their souls must first go to purgatory in order to atone for their sins.After the death of a good person, the soul goes directly to heaven, while the soul of the wicked goes to hell. [166] There was indeed a medical doctor named Louis A. Byrne who was working as coroner in the city of Dublin at that time. [167] Here Bloom remembered what the boatman had told him that morning on the beach about a man who had drowned nine days earlier, that is, last Tuesday.See Note [122] of Chapter One and related text.He was confused with the Athenian painter Apollodorus (active 5th century BC).None of his paintings such as "Odysseus" are mentioned in ancient documents.A little later than him, the famous ancient Greek painter Zeke Sis (? - about 400 BC) had created some genre paintings, such as "Boy Holding Grapes".Legend has it that the painting of grapes can be faked, and some birds are attracted to it.The painter himself said that if the boy painted the same realistically, the birds would be too scared to come and peck.Here, the author made some changes to the legend. [183] ​​The language comes from the third chapter of Dante's "Divine Comedy Inferno".The whole sentence is: "If I didn't see it, I wouldn't believe that the god of death has done so much!" The original work refers to the ghosts in hell, but here it means that there are many graves. [184] This is a common epitaph, and there is often a sentence below it: "You will also be like us now." It is the tone of the dead (self-proclaimed "we") speaking to the living. [185] This rat reappears in Chapter 15 (see note [186] in that chapter). [186] The name of Robert Emery on the tombstone reminds Bloom of the Irish nationalist leader Robert Emmet (1778-1803) with the same name and a similar pronunciation of the surname.Emmett participated in the United Irishmen, an Irish political organization established in 1791 with the purpose of emancipating Catholicism and realizing parliamentary reform, and led a group of anti-British rebels to march to Dublin Fort.After the defeat, he was arrested, convicted of treason, and sentenced to death by hanging. "Here" refers to the tomb.After Emmett was executed, legend has it that his remains were moved to St. Michael's Church in Dublin or this Prospect Cemetery in Glasnevin, where they were buried in secret.However, in 1903 (the 100th anniversary of Emmet's death), when people came here to find his bones, they found nothing. [187] According to the teachings of Christianity, people will be resurrected at the end of the world.So the priest is against cremation. [188] Here is a paraphrase of what the Creator said to Adam in Chapter 3, Section 19 of "Genesis": "You were made of dust, and you will return to dust." [189] The Parsis are descendants of Zoroastrians (also known as Zoroastrianism or Zoroastrianism) who immigrated from Persia to India in the seventh and eighth centuries AD to escape Muslim oppression.Zoroastrians put the corpse on the tower, and after the flesh of the corpse was eaten by birds, they sealed the bones in jars. [l90] Mrs. Sinneco is a character in "Dubliners: Sad Stories", the wife of Captain Sinneco.She drank too much because she couldn't get the warmth of love, and was run over to death by a train while crossing the railway. [l91l These are the words in a letter from Martha that Bloom received that morning, see note[36] to Chapter V. [192] Tantalus was the son of Zeus in Greek legend. Volume 11 of the "Odyssey" mentions that Ulysses saw him being tortured in the underworld. He stood in the water up to his chin, but whenever he opened his mouth to drink, the water receded.There are many fruits hanging on his head, but as long as he reaches out to take them, the wind will blow the fruits to the sky.This refers to a glass wine cabinet with a built-in lock that cannot be taken arbitrarily.