Chapter 3 Chapter 2 History of Sewer Pipeline in my country-2
But from the collectivized countryside came new streams:
Agricultural assassins flow.The agronomist companions are being exposed everywhere, who until this year worked honestly all their lives and now deliberately overgrow the Russian fields with weeds (of course on the instructions of the now completely debunked Moscow Institute .They are the 200,000 workers and peasants who were not imprisoned in the first place!).Some agronomists did not carry out Lysenko's brilliant instructions (in the current of 1931, "Potato King" Lorge was dispatched to Kazakhstan).Others carried it out too precisely, and thereby exposed the stupidity of the instructions (In 1934, Pskov agronomists planted flax in the snow following Lysenko's instructions exactly. The seeds swelled, It was moldy and destroyed. The vast fields were left unused for a year. Lysenko could not say that Snow was a kulak, or that he was a fool. He accused these agronomists of being a kulak, distorting his technology. So the agronomists became boarded the journey to Siberia).Also, in almost all machine-tractor stations there was found to be an underhanded operation of tractor repairs (this is the reason for the failure of the collective farms in the first years!).
The "failure" flow (and how much "failure" has been compared with the arbitrary figure put forward by the "Estimation Committee" in spring).
The flow of "unfinished national grain procurement tasks" (the task contracted by the district committee, the collective farm has not been completed, go to jail!).
A shaved ear head water flow.Hand shave ears in the fields at night!Completely new types of farm work and new harvesting methods!This is not a small stream, it is tens of thousands of farmers, often not grown peasants and village women, but young men and old girls, little boys and little girls, who are sent by adults to shave their heads at night, because it is harmful to themselves. day labor without any hope of being paid from the collective farms.For this bitter and unprofitable work (the peasants were not so impoverished in the days of serfdom!), the courts imposed full sentences; according to the famous law of August 7, 1932 (in known as the Eighty-Seven Law in the colloquial language of prisoners), as the most dangerous crime of stealing socialist property, the sentence was ten years.
This "August 7th Law" also led to a separate large flow from the construction sites of the first and second five-year plans, from transportation, from commerce and factories.The NKVD was ordered to investigate the grand theft.It should be noted that this stream often became a constant stream, and it overflowed especially during the war years, and it continued to flow for fifteen years (by 1947, its scope had been expanded and the penalties had been increased).
We can finally take a break too!All large-scale currents are finally about to stop now!Comrade Molotov said on May 17, 1933: "We do not consider our task to be mass repression." Ah bah, it's overdue, get away with night-time frights!But what's the matter with the dog barking?I only heard shouting: Chase!Catch it!
what!It turned out that this was the beginning of the Kirov stream from Leningrad, and the tension there was judged to be so serious that NKVD headquarters were established under each of the city's district executive committees to implement In addition to the "expedited" procedure (which was not previously characterized by slowness), the accused has no right of appeal (nor has he been appealed before).It is believed that a quarter of the Leningrad population was purged in 193435.Let this estimate be overturned by those who have accurate figures and can provide them. (In fact, this current is not only Leningrad, it is echoed all over the country in the usual, albeit irrelevant, form: expulsion from institutions of priests' children, noble families Female staff and those who have relatives abroad.)
Among the above-mentioned turbulent torrents, there are always hidden small and endless streams. They do not proclaim themselves loudly, but they are always flowing:
Those were members of the Defense League, who had fled to the motherland of the proletariat of the world after losing the class battle in Vienna;
That's Esperanto advocates (Stalin and Hitler got rid of these pernicious people in the same years);
That is the dross remnant of the Free Philosophical Society, some illegal philosophical group;
It was the teacher who did not agree with the advanced working-laboratory method (in 1933 Natalia Ivanovna Bugainko was imprisoned in Rostov's State Political Security Bureau, But after three months of investigation, it was learned from the resolution that this method was flawed. So she was released);
That is an employee of the political Red Cross, which, thanks to the efforts of Ekaterina Peshkova, still defends its right to exist;
Those are the mountain dwellers who were prosecuted for the riots in the North Caucasus (1935); various nationalities are flowing (on the Volga Canal construction site, national language newspapers are written in four languages: Tatar, Turkic, Uzbek and Published in Kazakh. There are plenty of readers there!);
It is those religious people who are now catching people who are unwilling to go to work on Sunday (because of the implementation of the five-day and six-day week system); it is the collective farm workers who are slow to work on religious festivals. to rest on such a day;
There were always those who refused to serve as NKVD agents (and among this group the priests who kept the confession secret quickly understood how useful it was to them, the only thing they could get from religion. benefit);
The sectarians are caught more widely;
The socialist big cards are always swinging back and forth.
Finally, there is another article 10, which has not been mentioned once, but has been flowing all the time, that is, the crime of counter-revolutionary propaganda, that is, the crime of anti-Soviet propaganda.The current of the Tenth is perhaps the most steady; it has never been interrupted, and when the other great currents occur, as in 1937, 45, and 49, its water level is particularly high.
This unstoppable current could literally engulf anyone at any given moment.But to deal with a well-known intellectual, it was considered more elegant in the thirties to impose some disgraceful clause on him (such as masculinity, or as the accusation against Professor Pletnev that he was alone with female patients bit her breasts when she was in the middle of the night. The Central Newspaper wrote it like this, you go and refute the rumors!)
It is strange to say that among the 148 articles of the Criminal Code of 1926, only one gave strength to all the activities of that pervasive and persistent institution for many years.but.In praise of this clause, more modifiers can be found than have previously been used by Turgenev for the Russian language or Nekrasov for Mother Russia: great, vigorous, rich, multi-powerful, multifaceted, sweeping Everything fifty-eight.It sums up the world not so much through the literal expression of the clause as through its dialectical and broadest interpretation of the clause.
For who among us has not experienced firsthand its all-encompassing embrace, there is, truth be told, no fault, thought, act or omission under the sun that cannot be punished by the palm of the Fifty-Eight Rules.
It is impossible to express in such a broad sense in words, but it has been proved possible to interpret this article in such a broad sense.
Article 58 does not constitute a chapter on political crimes in the code, and it is not written anywhere. It is an article on political crimes.No, it is included in the chapter "Crimes of State" together with crimes against administrative order and armed gangs.Thus, the Penal Code expressly does not recognize anyone in the country as a political prisoner, but only as a criminal.
Article 58 consists of fourteen sub-articles.
The first sub-article tells us: "Any act (including omission according to Article 6 of the Penal Code) with the aim of ... weakening the regime ... is considered a counter-revolutionary act.
In a broad interpretation it could be: your refusal to work in a labor camp because you are hungry and tired is weakening the regime.The consequence will be a shooting (shooting for those who refuse to carry out orders in wartime).
In 1934, the term "fatherland" was returned to us, and from then on, the first sub-article also added several items of betrayal of the motherland: 1-A, 1-B, 1-C, 1- Ding.According to these articles, acts that harmed the military power of the Soviet Union were punishable by shooting (I-A) and, only in extenuating circumstances and limited to civilians (I-A), a ten-year sentence.
Interpretation in a broad sense: For Chinese soldiers who have been prisoners (damage to military power!), in the past, they were only sentenced to ten years, which is so humane that it breaks the law.According to Stalin's code: they should all be shot after returning to their motherland.
(Here is another example of a broad interpretation: I vividly remember an interview in Butyrka Prison in the summer of 1946. A certain Pole was born in Lemberger, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Before the Second World War, he lived in the city where he was originally from Poland, and later moved to Austria, where he worked, and was arrested by us there in 1945. According to Article 54 I of the Criminal Code of Ukraine One, he got 10 years in prison for betraying his native Ukraine (!) - because the city of Lemberg had then become Ukrainian Lvov! And the poor fellow could not prove in the investigation that he went to Vienna Not with the intention of betraying Ukraine! Then he would be damned a traitor.)
Another important expansion of the connotation of the treason sub-article is that it should "cite Article 19 of the Criminal Code" and "cite intent" when applying it.That is, although no treasonous act had occurred, the investigators determined that there was an intent to betray—which was sufficient to impose the same full sentence as the actual treason.It is true that Article 19 stipulates that what is punished is not intention, but preparation, but under the dialectical interpretation, intention can also be understood as preparation.And "the preparatory act shall be punished like the crime itself (that is, with the same penalty)" (Criminal Code).
In general:
We do not distinguish intent from the crime itself, and this is precisely the superiority of Soviet law over bourgeois law!
The second sub-article deals with armed insurrection, the seizure of central and local power, including actions aimed at forcibly separating a certain part of the country from the Soviet Union.The penalty for this is up to shooting (as in each subsection below).
Expanded meaning (this cannot be written in the text, but can be prompted by the legal consciousness of the revolution): all attempts by any republic to realize the right to withdraw from the USSR are included here.Note that the word "forced" does not specify to whom.Even if the entire population of a certain republic wants secession, but Moscow does not want it, secession will be "forced".That is why Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Ukrainian and Turkestan nationalists have always been able to get their ten years and twenty-five years under this clause very easily.
The third sub-article "Give any form of assistance to foreign countries at war with the USSR".
This subsection provides the possibility to convict any Soviet citizen who lived in the occupied territories, whether he nailed the heels of German soldiers, sold a bunch of radishes, or a Citizens who dance and spend the night thus boosting his morale.Not everyone has ever been sentenced under this provision (due to the number of people who lived in the occupation zone), but everyone could have been sentenced.
The fourth sub-article deals with (fancy) assistance to the international bourgeoisie.
There seems to be a question: who can be included in this article?However, with the help of a broad interpretation of the revolutionary conscience, it is easy to find qualified objects: all those who went abroad before 1920, that is, a few years before the writing of this code, and after a quarter of a century (1944 45) The exiles captured by our army in Europe were all sentenced according to Article 58: 10 years or shot.For what else can they do abroad if not help the world bourgeoisie? (As we have seen with the example of musical associations, it can also be helpful in the USSR.) All the Socialist-Revolutionaries, all the Mensheviks (for whom this article was made), and later the engineers of the State Planning Commission and the Supreme Economic Commission Even 1 helped
it.
Fifth sub-article: Prompt foreign countries to declare war on the Soviet Union.
An oversight: this subsection should have been applied to Stalin and the diplomatic and military personnel around him in 19441.It was their blindness and loss of reason that produced that result.Who, if not them, caused Russia to suffer an unprecedented and shameful defeat?Such a defeat cannot be compared with the defeat of Tsarist Russia in 1904 or 1915, and it has never been seen in Russia since the seventeenth century.
Article 6 Espionage.
This article is so broadly interpreted that, if one counts all those sentenced under it, it is possible to conclude that our people lived neither on agriculture nor industry or anything else in Stalin's time, but It is living by serving as a spy for a foreign country and living on the money of the secret service.Espionage is a very simple crime, a crime that can be understood by ignorant criminals, learned jurists, newspaper sticks, and public opinion.
The broadness of the interpretation of this sub-article is also reflected.Now, the sentence is not directly for espionage, but for:
IIII suspected espionage (or HIII unconfirmed espionage. Because this can also give you a "full axis"!) or even because of:
CBIIIIII Arousing (!) Connections of suspicion of espionage.
For example, the acquaintance of your wife's acquaintance and the wife of a foreign diplomat have the same seamstress (she is, of course, an NKVD employee) making a dress.
These Fifty-eight Articles 6, IIIIII, and CBIIIIII are sticky clauses that require strict guards, close surveillance (because the secret service can also extend their tentacles into labor camps and their favorite joints), and prohibit exemption from escort.In general, any clause in capitals, that is to say not a clause at all, but this frightening combination of capitals (we'll meet others in this chapter), often has an air of mystery that you never understand .Are they growths of Article 58, or something independent and dangerous.Prisoners with clauses in capital letters were even more oppressed in many camps than prisoners with clauses fifty-eight.
Sub-article VII: Destruction of industry, transport, commerce, currency circulation and cooperatives.
In the 1930s the subsection was extremely popular and captured the masses under the moniker of assassination, which was plain and simple for everyone to understand.Indeed, everything enumerated in sub-article 7 is visibly violated every day and every hour—is there someone to blame? ... For thousands of years, the people have always been honest in building and creating, even when working for the master.No assassinations have been heard of since Rurik's time.However, when the property was owned by the people for the first time, hundreds of thousands of outstanding children of the people went to assassinate one after another. fall, the machine breaks down, so the dialectical sense of smell comes into play).
Sub-article 8. Terrorist acts (not referring to the kind of terrorist acts that the USSR Criminal Code is obliged to "explain ... the truth and make it legally justified", but terrorist acts that come from below).
An act of terror is very, very wide-ranging; it is not only terrorism to plant a bomb under the governor's carriage, but also, for example, to slap one's private enemy, if he is a member of the party, the Komsomol, the civilian police Active members of the organization have already constituted a terrorist act.Not to mention that killing an activist was never the same penalty as killing an ordinary person (which, by the way, was in the code of King Hammurabi in the 18th century BC).If a husband kills his wife's lover, he is lucky if he is a non-Party member. He gets Article 136. He is an ordinary criminal and a close member of society, so he does not need to be escorted.If the lover is a party member's husband, he becomes an enemy of the people with Article 58.8.
The invocation of Article 19, which applies the provision of mens rea as preparatory to Article 8, leads to a more important expansion of the concept.Not only did they directly threaten activists next to the beer shop, "Okay, just wait and see!", but even a cursing sentence from a grumpy market village woman, "Cough, blinded his eyes!", was also considered a TH horror The intention of the act may also be regarded as the basis for the strict application of this article. (This sounds a bit over the top, like a farce but we didn't make it up, I've been in jail with these guys.)
Sub-Article 9 uses explosions or arson ... to carry out acts of sabotage or destruction (must have a counter-revolutionary purpose).referred to as destruction.
The method of expansion is to impose a counter-revolutionary purpose (the investigator knows more clearly what is in the mind of the criminal than he himself!), and the inevitable negligence, mistakes, and failures that occur in work and production cannot be forgiven , are considered to be sabotage.
However, the interpretation of any of the fifty-eight articles is not as broad and boundless as that of the tenth article, nor is the revolutionary conscience burned to such an extent.Its original text is: "Propaganda or agitation containing content calling for the overthrow, subversion or weakening of the Soviet regime, as well as the dissemination or production or collection of written materials with the same content." The proviso of this article only stipulates the minimum punishment in peacetime ( Cannot be lower! Not lighter!), and the maximum penalty is unlimited!
A great country is so afraid of the words of its own citizens!
A well-known broad interpretation of this well-known clause is: "Admonitions involving appeals" may be understood as private conversations between friends (or even husband and wife), or private letters; while appeals may be personal advice (we conclude that "may, may "The conclusion is based on the actual situation at that time).Any ideas that do not conform to or cannot keep up with the ideological enthusiasm of the newspapers of the day are "subversion or weakening" of the regime.You must know that if you don't strengthen it, you will weaken it long ago. If you don't fully meet it, you will subvert it!
"Who didn't sing with us today
who is
be opposed to
us! "
(Mayakovsky)
Letters, notes, and secret diaries written in a single copy can all be understood as "making written materials".
Clause 10 With such a satisfactory broad interpretation, what thought is in the head, spoken by the mouth, or written by hand that it does not encompass?
The eleventh sub-article is a special provision. It has no independent content, but only adds weight to the above-mentioned sub-articles. It is applicable to the situation where organized crimes are prepared or criminals participate in the organization.
In fact this subsection is interpreted so broadly that no organization is required.I know firsthand the delicate application of this subsection.One person in the school secretly exchanged ideas with another person. The two people are the germination of the organization, the organization!
Article 12 most touches the conscience of citizens: this is the article on non-reporting of any of the above-mentioned crimes.In order to punish the serious crime of not reporting, there is no maximum sentence limit! !
This subsection has been interpreted so broadly that no further generalization is necessary.If you don't report what you know, you did it yourself!
The thirteenth subarticle seems to have been settled long ago: service in the tsarist secret service (assuming the same post later was regarded as an act of patriotic heroism on the contrary).
There are psychological grounds to suspect that Joseph Stalin still has a criminal record under Article 58.Many documents related to working for such agencies were destroyed in February 1917, and many have not been published.As Kolyma was dying, ex-Minister of Police B.Q. Chungkowski affirmed that the hasty burning of police records in the first days after the February Revolution was the unanimous impulse of several interested revolutionaries .In fact, why burn such valuable enemy files at the moment of victory?
The fourteenth bis article punishes the crime of "consciously failing to perform certain obligations, or deliberately and carelessly performing such obligations", and the punishment is up to shooting.This is referred to simply as "sabotage" or "economic counter-revolution".
The distinction between intentional and unintentional can only be done by investigators based on their own revolutionary legal consciousness.This sub-article used to apply to farmers who refused to pay the requisitioned grain.This subsection used to apply to collective farm members who did not complete the prescribed working days.Applicable to reform-through-labour prisoners who have not completed their quota.After the war, this article began to affect the thieves who escaped from the labor camps, which means that in a broad sense, the motivation of the thieves to escape was not to restore a sweet life of freedom, but to subvert the labor camp system.
This is the last bone of a huge fan covered by the fifty-eight articles covering the entire human life.
Having made this overview of this great article, we shall not be so surprised hereafter.Where there is law, there is crime.
After being forged, the sharp sword of fifty-eight articles, which was tested in early 1927 and tempered in all streams of the next ten years, was in the charge of the law against the people in 1937-1938. Start killing and slashing.
It should be said that the operation in 1937 was not spontaneous, but planned. In the first half of the year, many prisons in the Soviet Union carried out equipment modifications. Single beds were removed from the cells and erected. There are one floor and two floors next to each other.It is no accident that the Leningrad building (the office building of the internal affairs agency) was completed just before the murder of the widow in 1934. The old prisoners recalled that it seemed that the first blow was intensive, and almost all of the country On a night in August (but knowing the sluggishness of my question, I don't quite believe this). In autumn, when the twentieth anniversary of the October Revolution is approaching and people are confidently expecting a general amnesty, Stalin's The jokers added new sentences of fifteen, twenty, and twenty-five years to the penal code.
With regard to 1937, there is no need to repeat here what has already been written in capitals and will be repeated many times: the party, the Soviet administration, the upper echelons of the military command, the upper echelons of the State Political Security Bureau, the NKVD itself, were devastated. blow.It may not be possible to save the first secretary of the provincial party committee or the chairman of the provincial Soviet executive committee in any province. Stalin is selecting people who are more comfortable.
Now, looking at China's Cultural Revolution (also seventeen years after its eventual victory), we may well doubt that there are historical regularities here.Even Stalin himself, we are beginning to perceive as merely a blind and superficial executive force.
Olga Chavchavadze tells about the situation in Tibilisi at that time: in 1928 the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the City Soviet, the Deputy Chairman, all (eleven) Bureau Directors, their assistants, all the Chief Accountants were arrested , all chief economic experts.A new person was appointed.After two months, they were closed again: the chairman, the vice chairman, all (eleven) directors of bureaus, all chief accountants, and all chief economic experts.Those who remained: general accountants, typists, cleaners, correspondents...
There appears to have been a secret motive in the arrest of rank-and-file members, neither in the records nor in the verdicts; chiefly the arrest of those who had joined the party before 1924.This was carried out especially firmly in Leningrad, because all these people signed the "programme" of the New Opposition (how could they not sign? How could they "distrust" their own Leningrad Provincial Committee?) .
See what was often the case in those days.The district party conference (in the Moscow province) is in progress.The meeting was presided over by the new secretary of the district party committee who succeeded the ex-Xiu who was imprisoned not long ago.A letter of allegiance to Stalin was adopted at the end of the conference.Needless to say, everyone stood up (as did every time his name was mentioned during the meeting).In this small auditorium "the thunderous applause turned into prolonged cheers".Three minutes, four minutes, five minutes, still thunderous applause, still transformed into prolonged cheers.But the palms are already sore.But the raised arm was numb.But the elderly are out of breath.But even those who sincerely admired Stalin already felt the folly of the situation.However, who dares to be the first to stop?The secretary of the district party committee standing on the stage who had just read the letter of allegiance could have done so.But he just came to power, he came to replace his predecessor who was in prison, and he himself was afraid!You must know that here, in the venue, there are also NKVD personnel standing there applauding. They are watching who will stop first... So in this small unknown auditorium, without the leader's knowledge, applause It lasted six minutes!Seven minutes, eight minutes...they're done!They can't survive!They couldn't stop until their hearts burst and they fell to the ground!In the back row of the venue, in the crowd, you can play a little bit trickier, shoot less, not so hard, not so fanatical, but what about on the rostrum, in a conspicuous place? !The director of the local paper mill, an independent, unruly and strong man, stood on the rostrum, knowing that the situation was completely false, and knowing that everyone was in a desperate situation, but he was still applauding!Nine minutes!ten minutes!He looked at the secretary of the district committee with a sad face, but the man didn't dare to stop.Become crazy!Everyone is crazy!The district chiefs look at each other with faint hope, but jubilation on their faces, and they'll keep clapping until they're down, until they're carried out on stretchers!And even then, those who are left will not be shaken! ... But the director of the paper mill returned to his normal business manner at the eleventh minute and took his place in the presidium.So ah, a miracle happened!Where did the indescribable enthusiasm of the audience go?Everyone stopped at the same high five and sat down at the same time.They are saved!The squirrel guessed it was time to jump off the wheel! ...
However, this is how independent and unruly elements are found, and this is how they are removed.The director of the paper mill was arrested that night.He could easily have been hooked for a decade for entirely other reasons.However, when he signed on page 206 (the last page of the investigation record), the investigator asked him to remember:
"Never be the first to stop applauding!"
(Then what to do? Then how do we stop? …)
This is Darwin's natural selection of species.This is the fatigue tactic with stupid things.
New myths are being created today.All novels reflecting 1937, or articles mentioning 1937 must be narrating the tragedy of leading cadres of the Communist Party.We can't help but think that all the big figures of the Communist Party were imprisoned in the prison year of 3738, as if there was no one else.But among the millions of people arrested at that time, the high officials of the party and the country could not exceed one-tenth.Even in Leningrad, most of the people queuing up to visit the prison and deliver food to the prison were ordinary women like the milk woman.
It is inevitable to draw the conclusion from indirect statistics, and it is confirmed by eyewitnesses: those "special villages" inhabited by exiled rich peasants who were not dead were included in the archipelago in 1937 Scope: Either moved to a labor camp, or the local area was designated as a labor camp.Thus, the great current of 1929 joined the current of 1937, adding millions of people to it.
The composition of the people who were swept up by that torrent and sent half-dead to the archipelago was so bizarre that anyone who wanted to find out the regularity scientifically would have to worry a lot (not to mention that these regularities are not understood by contemporary people).
The real law of arresting people in those years was the givenness of numbers, graded apportionment, and unified distribution.Every city, district, and every unit has received control figures and must be completed on schedule.Everything else is up to the operatives.
Former Cheka officer Alexander Karganov recalled that Tashkent received a telegram: "Two hundred will be sent immediately!" And they had just checked it out, and it seemed that "no one" could be arrested anymore.Although fifty or so were sent from the district.I have an idea!Amend the ordinary criminals caught by the police to Article 58!do as promised.But the control figure is still not reached!The police agency reported: Gypsies set up tents in a square in the city lawlessly, what should we do?I have an idea!Surround them and pick up all men between the ages of seventeen and sixty as fifty-eight!So mission accomplished!
It was also the case that the Chekists in Vosheti (reported by the chief of the police Zabolovsky) were assigned the task of shooting 500 people throughout the republic. They asked for an increase and they were granted 200 more Thirty.
This kind of telegram with a little code word is sent by ordinary telegraph office.In the city of Temryuk, the female radio operator told the switchboard of the internal affairs agency without the slightest suspicion: Please send 240 boxes of soap to Krasnodar tomorrow.Early the next morning, she heard the news of the mass arrest and the sending of prisoners, so she guessed the mystery.She told her girlfriend about the telegram she had received.She was taken in immediately.
(The use of the code phrase "a box of soap" to represent "a person" is entirely accidental? Perhaps because they were familiar with soap making? …)
Of course, some local regularities are understandable.Those arrested and imprisoned were:
Our real spies abroad (this is often some of the most sincere Comintern personnel or Cheka personnel, many of them are attractive women. Recall them to the motherland, arrest them at the border, and let them communicate with the original Comintern bosses, For example, face-to-face with Mirov-Korona. The boss admits that he works for a foreign secret service, so his subordinates automatically become foreign secret agents, and the more loyal they are, the more harmful they are!);
Personnel of the Eastern Railway (all Soviet employees of the Eastern Railway, including their wives, children and grandmothers, were originally Japanese spies. It must be admitted, however, that their arrests had begun several years ago);
North Koreans living in the Far East (exiled to Kazakhstan) - this was the first attempt to catch people by blood;
Estonians in Leningrad (all treated as white Estonian spies, arrested only by name);
All Latvian infantrymen and Latvian Cheka personnel Yes, precisely the very Latvians who not so long ago formed the backbone and pride of the Cheka, the midwives of the revolution!Even the communists of bourgeois Latvia, from whom they were exchanged in 1921, thereby exempting them from the dreaded Latvian two- to three-year prison sentence. (Closed in Leningrad; Latvian Branch of the Herzen Institute; Latvian Palace of Culture; Estonian Club; Latvian Secondary Technical School; Latvian and Estonian newspapers entered
Amidst the noise, the array of big cards was no longer set up, and all the cards that hadn't been drawn were cleaned up.There is no need to hide anymore, this game should be over.Now the socialists are being imprisoned from stretches of penal colonies (Ufa and Saratov, for example), tried together, and driven like herds to the slaughterhouses in the archipelago.
Intellectuals have never been forgotten in all previous streams, and they are not forgotten now.As long as a student informs (the combination of the words "student" and "informant" has long since sounded strange) that their university lecturer always quotes Lenin and Marx instead of Stalin, it is enough to make the lecturer Don't go to the next class.What if he doesn't quote at all? ... The middle-aged and younger generations of orientalists in Leningrad were locked up.All members of the Northern Research Institute (except secret workers) were locked up, and the teachers of primary and secondary schools were not underestimated.In Sverdlovsk, thirty secondary school teachers, headed by the Provincial Director of Public Education Perelli, were charged with a frightening charge: holding a New Year's pine tree fair in the school for the purpose of burning the school down!And on the foreheads of the engineers (the engineers of the Soviet generation, no longer "bourgeois"), the clubs are struck with the regular rhythm of the pendulum.Due to a certain disturbance of the seam, the two frontal faces did not meet, and the mine surveyor Nikolai Mirgulievich Mikov got fifty-eight sevens for this, twenty years!Six geologists (Kotovich group) "intentionally concealing underground tin reserves (! That is to say, because they failed to discover these reserves!) in preparation for the arrival of the Germans" (informant) Article 58 7, each sentenced to ten years in prison .
Following the mainstream, there is another special stream: wives, family members!Generally, they are the wives of high-ranking party members, and in some places (Leningrad) they are the wives of all prisoners (whether they have been given the "ten-year no communication right" or are dead).All family members are usually sentenced to eight years (still lighter than the rich peasants who were liquidated, and children are still allowed to stay in the mainland).
Lots of victims!Mountains of victims!Frontal attack of the NKVD on the city: C.II. Matveyeva was in the same wave, but on different "cases", took away her husband and three brothers (three of the four will never come back).
An electrician technician broke a high-voltage line in his workshop, according to Article 58, 7, 20 years.
The Perm worker Novikov was accused of preparing to blow up a bridge over the Kama River.
Yuzhiakov (also in Perm) was arrested by day and his wife by night.向她出示了一份名单，要她签字证明这些人都在他们家里开过孟什维克-社会革命党的会（不用说，这是没有的事）。条件是答应放她回去照看三个孩子。她签了字，毁了所有的人，而她自己，当然，依旧留在牢里。
娜杰日达?尤登尼奇因自己的姓氏而被捕。诚然，九个月后查明她并不是将军的亲戚，就放了她（咳，区区小事：在这期间她妈妈因着急而死去了）。
在旧鲁萨市放映电影"列宁在十月"。某人注意到了一句话："帕尔钦斯基应当知道这事！"而帕尔钦斯基是保卫冬宫的。一对不起，我们那里有个护士叫帕尔钦斯卡哑！Get her up!果然抓了。原来真的是他的老婆，在丈夫被枪决后她躲到这个偏远地区来了。
包鲁什科兄弟（巴威尔、伊凡和斯捷潘）于一九三0年还是小孩子的时候从波兰来到自己的亲人这里。现在他们成了青年，得到了IIIII（间谍嫌疑），十年。
克拉斯诺达尔市电车女司机深夜从车场步行回家，该她倒霉，在市郊从一辆陷住的卡车旁边走过，卡车边上有人忙碌着。它原来装满了尸体手和脚从防水布下露出来。她的姓名被记了下来，第二天就被捕了。侦查员问她看到了什么？她老实承认了（达尔文的物种天择）。反苏宣传，十年。
名自来水工人每当播送没完没了的给斯大林的致敬信时总关上自己屋里的喇叭。（谁记得这些信呢？！日复一日，一连几小时，千篇一律的使人发昏！想必播音员列维坦能记得牢：他抑扬顿挫、充满感情地念过这些信。）邻居告了密（啊，这个邻居现今在哪里呀？），COg（社会危险分子），八年。
一个识字不多的砌炉匠爱在空闲时间练习签字这使他在自己心目中提高自己的身份。没有空白的纸张，他就在报纸上签字。他在父亲和导师尊容上写了花体字的报纸，被邻居在共用厕所的纸篓里发现了。ACA（反苏宣传），十年。
斯大林及其亲信们喜爱自己的肖像，用它们登满报纸，把它们繁殖几百万份。但苍蝇却很少尊重它们的神圣性，况且，报纸不加利用也未免可惜于是就有多少不幸的人在这上面得到了刑期。
逮捕像流行病一样逐街挨户地蔓延。正如人们通过握手、呼息、接吻不知不觉间互相传染流行病菌一样，人们也是因握手、呼吸、街上相遇传染着致使对方遭逮捕的病菌。因为，如果你明天注定要招认你纠集了一个图谋在本市自来水中放毒的地下小组，而今天我曾在街上握过你的手那就是说我的命运也注定了。
七年前，城市瞧着怎样痛打农村，而认为这是自然的。现在农村本来也可瞧瞧怎样痛打城市但它过于愚昧无知，没有这个眼力，何况自己还在继续挨打。
土地测量员（！）沙乌宁因为……区内牲口大批倒毙（！）和收成不好（！）而得到了十五年（区里的头头也因这些事全部被枪决人
区委书记来到地里督促春耕，有一个老农民间书记是否知道七年来集体农庄庄员靠劳动日没得到一克粮食，得到的只是麦举而且还不多。因这个问题老汉得了ACA（反苏宣传），十年；
一个有六个子女的农民则是另一种遭遇。为了养活这六张嘴，他干集体的活儿卖死力气，总希望能挣到点什么。他真个地挣到了一颗勋章。大会授勋，首长讲话。在致答辞时，这个庄稼人动了感情，便说："哎，要是能给我一普特面粉来顶这个勋章多好！能这么办吗？"全场狼嗥似地哈哈大笑起来，而这个新的获勋者也就带着他的六口人去流放了。
现在是否能归纳起来说，当时关进监狱的完全是些无罪的人呢？但是我们忘了说明，罪这个概念本身早已为无产阶级革命所取消，而在三十年代初则被宣布为右倾机会主义！因而我们已经不能用有罪与无罪这些落后概念来进行投机了严
一九三九年的回放是机关历史上的一个难以置信的事件，是它们历史上的污点！不过这个回流是不大的，约占已经抓起来还没有判刑、还没有远送和没有死掉的总数的百分之一、二。数字不大，可是用得巧。这是从一个卢布找回的一个戈比，为了把一切推在卑鄙的叶若夫身上，巩固新上任的贝利亚的地位，为了使领袖形象更光辉，这样做是需要的。用这一个戈比就机巧地把整个卢布理进地里。如果这些人"弄清了问题，获得释放"，（甚至报纸都不打哆嗦地写到个别受诬陷的人）那就等于说其余被抓进去的肯定是坏蛋！而回来的人都一声不响。他们具了甘结。他们吓成了哑巴。群岛的秘密很少人知道，也知道得很少。分工依然如故。夜间"乌鸦车"，白天游行队伍。
而且，就在那几年内，根据包罗万象的五十八条的同一些分条，这个戈比很快就收回去了。比方说有谁注意到一九四0年的一条不肯和才去断线学系的妻子的水流？在这个和平的年份，唐波夫市"摩登"电影院爵士乐队的全体成员被抓进监狱，因为说他们都是人民敌人，这件事就在当地现在有谁记得？有准注意到一九三九年从被占领的捷克斯洛伐克逃出来投奔斯拉夫祖国苏联的三万名捷克人呢？不能担保其中没有个把间谍。他们全都被送进了北方劳改步（在战争时期捷克兵团就是从那儿冒出来）。啊，对不起，我们木是在一九三九年向西部乌克兰人、西部白俄罗斯人、后来在一九四0年又向波罗的海沿岸人以及摩尔达维亚人伸出了援助之手吗？我们的手足兄弟们原来都根本没有经过清理，于是一股一股的社会预防的水流就从那些地方涌出来了。捉拿太殷实、太有影响的人．也一并捉拿太独立不羁、太聪明、太引人注目的人，在过去属于波兰的省份里，特别集中地捉拿波兰人（正是在那个时候募集起了不幸的卡腾事件的蒙难者，为未来的西科尔斯基-安德尔斯军队贮存了青饲料）。到处捕捉军官。老百姓被弄得惶惶不可终日，愈来愈沉默。他们失去了反抗运动的潜在领袖人物。大家都学会了识时务，旧关系、旧熟人都渐渐疏远了。
芬兰留给了我们一条没有居民的峡地，然而，一九四0年在整个卡累利阿和列宁格勒却对有芬兰血统的人实行搜捕和迁移。我们没有察觉这股小溪流：我们不是芬兰血统。
把我方被俘人员当作叛国分子审理一这也是在对芬战争期间的第一次尝试。人类历史上的第一个尝试！一然而真怪，我们却没有察觉。
排练熟了恰好战争也就爆发了，同时又是大规模撤退。从准备放弃给敌人的西部各共和国里，应当赶紧在几天之内把还可以抓的人抓出来。在立陶宛，仓卒间丢下了整个部队、团队、高射炮营和炮兵营但却运出了几千家不可靠的立陶宛人（其中四千家后来在克拉斯诺雅尔斯克劳改营里交给了盗窃犯去洗劫）。从六月二十八日起，在拉脱维亚、在爱沙尼亚开始紧急逮捕。但火烧眉毛，撤退的任务更紧。忘了把布列斯特要塞之类的整个要塞撤出来，但没有忘掉在利沃夫、罗夫诺、塔林及其他许多西部监狱的监房和院子里把政治犯枪毙掉。在塔尔图监狱里枪杀了一百九十二人，尸体扔进了井里。
怎样想象这种场面呢？你什么也不知道，牢房的门打开，就向你开枪。你作垂死的呼喊，一除了监狱的石墙，谁也听不见，谁也不会传出去。不过，据说，也有中弹后没有死的。我们也许还能读到一部关于这件事的书？
一九四一年德军如此迅速地包抄和切断了塔干罗格，车站厂的货车里还留着待撤退的犯人。what to do?总不能释放吧。也不能交给德国人。拉来油罐车，把货车车厢都浇上石油，然后点燃。全部都活活地烧死了。
在后方，第一股战时的水流是一谣言传播者和恐慌制造者，这是根据战争最初几天颁布的法典外的专门法令逮起来的。这是试验性放血，是为了维持整体的振作。所有的都是判十年，但不算是五十八条（那些在战争年代劳改营里活下来的为数不多的人，于一九四五年得到大赦）。
我差点儿没有亲身去尝尝这个法令的滋味：我正在面包店前排队，一个民警把我叫去并把我带走问罪。如果不是幸好有人说情，那我一开头就得上古拉格，而不用去打仗了。
然后是未交出收音机或无线电零件者的水流。发现（根据告密）一个电子管就判十年。
同时也出现了日尔曼族水流一伏尔加流域的日尔曼人、乌克兰和北高加索的日尔曼族移民，以及在苏联任何地方居住的所有日尔曼人。决定因素是血统，甚至国内战争的英雄和老党员，只要是日尔曼人，也都在流放之列。
血统是根据姓名来判断的。设计工程师华西里?奥科洛科夫认为在设计方案上签这个姓名木好看，就在三十年代改名（那时还可以这样做）为罗伯特?施坦凯尔多漂亮！而且还设计了艺术字体写法现在却有口难辩，被当作日尔曼人抓起来"这是你的真名吗？从法西斯特务机关接到些什么任务？……"而那个早在一九一八年就把不好听的姓改成了科尔贝的唐波夫省人卡维尔兹涅夫是何时得到了与奥科洛科夫同样遭遇的？ ...
日尔曼族的流放本质上与消灭富农一样，只是轻一些，因为允许携带较多的东西，并且不是送到那么致命的坏地方。至于法律形式，跟消灭富农一样，它也是没有的。刑法典是一回事，几十万人的流放又是一回事。这是君主的圣谕。此外，这是它第一次作这类的民族试验，这在理论上使他感到兴趣。
从一九四一年夏末起，尤其是秋天，迸涌出了突围者的水流。他们是祖国的保卫者，是几个月前我国各城市用乐队和花束欢送过的。在此以后，他们遭遇了德军坦克的最沉重的打击，在普遍的混乱中，完全不是出于自己的过错，没有当上俘虏。相反！他们结成分散的战斗小组，在德军的包围圈里度过一段时间，然后突围出来。他们回来以后，非但没有像亲兄弟般拥抱他们（世界上任何一支军队都会这样做），让他们休整、探亲，然后归队反而被当作嫌疑分子编成丧失权利、解除武装的小队，带到审查甄别站，在那里，保卫部门的军官们一开始对他们的每一句话都不相信，甚至怀疑他们冒名顶替。审查的方法是交叉讯问、当面对质、互相供述。经过审查，一部分突围者重新获得自己原来的姓名、军衔和信任，编入各部队。另一部分，暂时是小部分，则构成了叛国分子的第一股水流。他们得到五十八条1一乙，但起初，在标准制定前，刑期在十年以下。
作战部队这样清洗。但是远东和蒙古还有一支庞大的不作战部队。不让这支军队生锈是保卫部门的一项崇高任务。哈尔钦河和哈桑湖的英雄们不作战闲话就多起来，再加上现在又让他们练习使用原来对自己的军人都保密的捷格嘉辽夫式自动步枪和团迫击炮。手里拿着这样的武器，他们很难理解，为什么我们在西线退却。隔着西伯利亚和乌拉尔，他们怎么也搞不通，我们一天后退一百二十公里，不过是重复库图佐夫诱敌深入的策略。只有从东部军队搞出一股水流，才能打通这个思想。嘴巴收紧了，信念也就成为铁的了。
自然在上层人物中也出现了对退却负有罪责的人的水流（总不能是伟大的战略家对此应负罪责！）这是不大的半百人光景的将军流。他们在一九四一年夏天关在莫斯科的监狱里，四一年十月就起解了。将军们中间最多的是空军将领空军司令斯穆什凯维奇，E?C?普图兴将军（他说："早知如此我就先在生身父亲头上扔炸弹，然后再坐监牢！"）及其他一些人。
莫斯科城下的胜利产生了一股新的水流：有罪的莫斯科人。现在定下心来考虑，发现那些既不逃走也不撤退，而是不害怕地留在受到威胁、连政府都迁走了的首都的莫斯科人是有嫌疑的：或者是有意破坏政府威信（五十八条10）；或者是有意等待德军（五十八条1一甲，同时援引十九条，这股水流一直到一九四五年一直喂养着莫斯科和列宁格勒的侦查员）。
不用说，五十八条10，ACA（反苏宣传）从来没有中断过，在整个战争时期笼罩着后方和前线。撤退出来的人如果讲述了退却的惨状（报纸上明明写着退却是有计划进行的嘛），得到这一条；在后方胡说口粮配给少的人，得到这一条；在前线胡说德军技术强大的人，得到这一条；一九四二年，不论在哪里，凡是胡说被围困在列宁格勒的人们正在饿死的人，都得到这一条。
同一年，在刻赤失利（十二万人被俘）、在哈尔科夫失利（被俘更多）以后，在往南向高加索和伏尔加河大退却的过程中还吸出了一条很重要的水流，那是不愿死守阵地、擅自后撤的军官和士兵，用不朽的斯大林的第二二七号命令的话来说，这些人使祖国蒙受的耻辱，是最不可饶恕的。然而这条水流没有到达古拉格，他们由各师的军事法庭作了加速处理，全部被赶进惩戒连而无影无踪地消耗在前沿阵地的红沙里。这是为斯大林格勒胜利奠基的水泥，但没有载入俄国的通史，而是留在下水道的专史之中。
（顺便说，我们在这里试图探寻的只是从外界流进古拉格来的那些水流。至于在古拉格内部各贮水池之间的抽送，战争年代特别盛行的所谓营内判刑，则不在本章研究之列）。
为了认真起见，也需要提一下战时的一些回流：上面提到的捷克入、波兰人、从劳改营释放出来送到前线的刑事犯，都是属于这一类。
从一九四三年起，当战争已经发生了有利于我们的转折以后，开始冒出一股来自原敌占区和欧洲的成百万人的水流，它的水量一年比一年充沛，直到一九四六年。
它的两个主要部分是：
在德军占领下生活过的或给德军做过事的公民（给他们的是带"甲"字的十年：五十八一I-甲）；
当过俘虏的军职人员（给他们的是带"乙"字的十年：五十八一1-乙）。
每个留在敌占区的人总要生活，因此就要有所为，因此在理论上就可能与每天吃的饭一起给自己挣得未来的犯罪构成：如果不是背叛祖国，那至少也得落个资敌罪。然而实际上只要在身份证上注明曾在敌占区生活就足够了。把所有的人都逮捕起来，使那么广大的空间变得荒无人烟，在经济上是不明智的。为了提高一般的觉悟，只把以下各类中百分之见的人有罪的、半有罪的、四分之一有罪的以及那些同他们在一道篱笆上晒过包脚布的人关起来就够了。
但是只需要一百万的百分之一，就可以组成一打旺盛热闹的劳改点了。
不要以为，诚实地参加过地下抗德组织就必定可以免于掉进这条水流。一个基辅共青团员由地下组织派到基辅警察局去做事，以便取得情报。小伙子诚实地向共青团组织送情报，但是我军一到，他却得到了十年徒刑，因为他既然在警察局供职，就不会不沾染上敌人的习气，也不能完全不执行敌人交给的任务。
把在欧洲生活过的即便是当过东方奴隶的人判刑，更是心狠手辣。他只不过是看到过一小块欧洲的生活，并且可能讲出来，讲这些事，在我国从来叫人不舒服（当然，除了那些明智作家的旅途随笔以外），在破坏严重、生活无着的战后年代更是叫人不舒服。而要说在欧洲完全糟得很，根本不能生活，则并不是每个人都会的。
大多数战俘，特别是那些在西方看到比德国死亡营稍多一点东西的战俘被判刑，正是这个原因，而根本不是单纯因为他们当了俘虏。
这是慢慢显出来的。一九四三年就已经有一些乱淌的四不象的水流，如沃尔库达工地上。长期称为"非洲客"的那一批人。这是美军在非洲从隆美尔集团军中抓到的俄国战俘（"志愿兵"），一九四八年用十轮卡车经埃及一伊拉克伊朗把他们遣返祖国。在里海的荒凉海湾里，立即把他们圈进带刺的铁丝网，从他们身上撕下了军阶标志，搜光了他们的美国赠品（不用说，得利的是工作人员，而不是国家），因为还没有经验，既没有判什么刑，也没有适用什么条文，先一概送到沃尔库达，听候上面的专门指示。因而这些"非洲客"在沃尔库达的处境实在莫名其妙：没人看守，但没有通行证他们在沃尔库达一步路也不能走，而通行证他们是没有的；付给他们自由雇佣者的工资，但把他们当犯人使用。可是专门指示总不下来。把他们忘了……
被扣留人员也一概当作战俘来判刑，从这个做法上也可以明显地看出上面讲的道理。例如，在战争爆发的头几天，我们的一批水兵被风浪抛到瑞典海岸。整个战争时期，他们都自由地生活在瑞典一过着先前和后来都没有过的富足和舒适口子。苏联在退却、进攻、冲锋、死亡与挨饿，而这些坏蛋却在中立国吃得肥肥胖胖。战后，瑞典把他们还给了我国。背叛祖国是毫无疑问的但事情不知怎的进行得不顺手。因此就让他们各奔东西，结果所有的人都因宣扬资本主义瑞典的自由和富足而被铆上了反苏宣传的罪名（卡金科一伙）。
后来，因这伙人闹了一个笑话。在劳改营里，他们已经闭口不谈瑞典了，害怕因此加刑。但是，瑞典人却不知怎地打听到了他们的遭遇，在报刊上刊登了一些诽谤性的报道。这时候，小伙子们已经分散到远远近近的各个劳改营去。突然，用特别通知书把他们全都集中到列宁格勒的克列斯特监狱，花了两个月的时间把他们喂得膘肥体壮，让他们留起了发式。让他们朴素大方地穿戴起来，进行了排练，谁该讲什么，并警告说，哪个混蛋要是讲的不一样，将在后脑门得到"九克""一准备就绪后就把他们带到记者招待会去同外国记者和在瑞典时的熟人见面。过去的被扣留者显得精神饱满，讲他们在什么地方居住、学习、工作。他们不久前在西方报纸上（要知道我们这里每一个报亭都有西方报纸出售）读到产阶级的诽谤，感到十分愤慨，大伙写信一商量，就一起到列宁格勒来了（路费并没有使谁为难）。他们的红润润、油光光的外表最好地驳斥了报纸的造谣。羞惭的记者们纷纷去写道歉声明。对于所见所闻做另外的解释是西方人的想象能力所不及的。而记者招待会的主角们会后立即被带往澡堂，剃了头发，穿上以往的破衣烂衫，分送到原来那些劳改营去。既然他们表现得不负所瞩就没有再给任何人加刑。
作为来自收复区的总流的一部分，一股接一股的犯了过错的少数民族水流迅速而集中地通过：
在一九四三年加尔梅克人、车臣人、印古什人、卡巴尔达人；
在一九四四年克里米亚的鞑靼人。
如果没有正规军队和军用卡车去帮助机关，这些民族就不会那么有效而迅速地奔赴自己永远的流放地。部队雄赳赳地把山村包围起来，于是几百年定居在那里的人在二十四小时内以空降兵的神速动作被送到车站，装上列车一立即开往西伯利亚，开往哈萨克斯坦，开往中亚细亚，开往俄国的北方。刚刚过了一昼夜，土地和不动产就已经转归继承者们所有了。
像在战争初期对待日尔曼族人那样，现在对这些民族也是只看血统，不登记造册，就送去流放党员也好，劳动英雄也好，还没打完的这场战争的英雄也好，都向那里流去。
在战争最后两年，自然出现了一条德国战争罪犯的水流，这些人是从一般战俘营系统中挑出来，通过法庭转入古拉格系统的。
一九四五年，对日战争虽然只打了不到三个星期，可是为了满足西伯利亚和中亚细亚紧急的建设需要，弄来了大量的日本战俘，从日本战俘当中也进行了挑选战犯送往古拉格的工作。（虽然不知道详情，但是我仍然确信，对这些日本人的判刑大部分不可能是合法的。这是一种报复行动，是为拖长使用劳动力期限采用的手法。）
从我们的军队打进巴尔干半岛的一九四四年底开始，特别是在一九四五年，当它到达中欧的时候，顺着古拉格的渠道还流来了一条俄国流亡者（老年人是在革命时期离开的，青年人是在那里长大的）的水流。揪回祖国的通常是男人，让妇女和儿童留在侨居地（诚然，并不是所有的人都抓，抓的只是那些二十五年来哪怕稍微表示过政治观点的，或者出国前在革命时期曾表示过观点的。对那些纯粹过着植物生活的人没有触动）。主流来自保加利亚、南斯拉夫、捷克斯洛伐克，来自奥地利和德国的较少；东欧其他国家几乎没有俄国侨民。
与西边相呼应，一九四五年从满洲也涌出了一条流亡者的水流（有的木星马上逮捕：邀请他们以自由人身份全家回国，在国内把家拆散，送去流放，或者关进监狱）。
整个一九四五年和一九四六年，有一条总算是真的反苏维埃政权分子（弗拉索夫分子、哥萨克一克拉斯诺夫分子、希特勒建立的民族部队中的穆斯林）的巨流向着群岛滚滚流去，他们中间有的是死心塌地的，有的是胁从的。
与他们一起，抓获了不下一百万从苏维埃政权下逃出来的男男女女、老老小小的难民。这些平民起初在盟军占领区成功地隐藏了起来，但在一九四六一四七年被盟国当局奸诈地送还到苏联手里。
数目不详的波兰人一国家军的成员、米科瓦伊奇克的拥护者，在一九四五年经过我国监狱进入了古拉格。
还有若干数量的罗马尼亚人和匈牙利人。
从战争结束时起，后来多年不断地滚滚流淌着乌克兰民族主义分子（班杰拉分子）的充沛的水流。
在这个几百万人的战后大迁徙的背景上，很少有人察觉这样一些小股细流，如：
勾搭外国人的女郎（一九四六一四七年）即允许外国人向自己献殷勤的女郎。对这些女郎依三十五条7（社会危险分子）治罪；
西班牙子女就是那些在他们的国内战争时期被带出来、第二次世界大战后已经成年了的人。他们虽然是我国寄宿学校里教育出来的，但同我们的生活却很不合拍，许多人闹着"回家"。也给了他们三十五条7，社会危险分子，特别顽固的一五十八条6，替……美国当间谍。
（为了公平起见，我们也不忘记一九四七年发生的一股短短的……神甫返流。是呀！真是奇迹！三十年来第一次释放神甫！说实在的，并没有到一个一个劳改营去找寻这些人，凡是外面的人记得并能说出名字和准确地点来的一就释放出来，以便加强正在重建的教会）。
应当提醒大家，这一章决不企图列举所有肥沃了古拉格土地的水流而只举出其中具有政治色彩的水流。好像上解剖学课程，详细描述了血液循环系统之后，可以接着从头详细描述淋巴系统。我们也可以接着从头考察从一九一八年到一九五三年的普通刑事犯和真正的刑事惯犯的水流。这种描述也可能会占不少篇幅。这可能会使许多著名的、现在已经部分遗忘了的（尽管从来也没有用法律手续废除过）、给贪得无厌的群岛供应了丰富的人的原料的法令得到阐明。那是关于旷工的法令。那是关于生产劣质产品的法令。那是关于私自造酒的法令（贯彻这项法令的高潮是一九二二年，但在整个二十年代都抓得很多）。那是关于惩治集体农庄庄员不完成规定出工天数的法令。那是关于在铁路上实施军事状态的法令（一九四三年四月，根本不是在战争刚开始时，而是在它的好转期）。
按照古已有之的彼得大帝的传统，每颁布一项这样的新法令，就是当前最重要的法规，毫不考虑甚至不记得前一项法规。这些不接头的地方，要求法学家们去协调，但是他们干得并不热心，也不十分顺利。
法令的这种脉动造成国内惯犯犯罪和"普通"犯罪的奇怪景象。你会发觉，无论偷盗、杀人、私自造酒或强奸，都不是时而在这里或那里作案，都不是由于人的弱点、淫欲和放纵而偶然发生，不是的！全国的犯罪作案显示出令人惊奇的一致性和单调性。一会儿全国遍地是强奸犯，一会儿只有