Chapter 10 Volume 26 Craftsmanship

Lian Heng said: I read "Kao Gong Ji", and I know the essence of the ancients' making.The wheel is the hub, the public is the hub, and the scorpion is the shaft. The completion of a cart, each has its own skills, and the cooperation between the two works makes it easy to use.Those who are able to form a group also have a group, so they can grow together, and because they live together, they can support each other;Distraction leads to separation, separation leads to competition, and the group's virtues are defeated.The ancient sages ruled the world by setting up Lei Lei to plow them, weaving nets and knuckles for fishing, building palaces to live in, painting clothes and crowns to decorate them, making bows and arrows to impress them, and making bells and drums to harmonize them.Make use of the rich life so that the people will not hide, the way is a great preparation.Later Confucians did not observe, thinking that what is above the metaphysics is called the Tao, and what is below the metaphysics is called the tool.And so those who benefit the country and benefit the people, put it aside and don't talk about it, and their way is useless.Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, historians have looked at each other instead of making aspirations for craftsmanship, which I regret very much.The establishment of officials in husband's law, weight and measure, the phase change of potter Ziyu, and the trace of evolution can be analogized.The western and western civilizations followed in the middle of Xia Dynasty, and the old methods came from the east, and the effects became more and more powerful.Down to modern times, steam and electricity are used together, and the ingenuity of the craftsmanship can make the heaven and earth be controlled by the gods.The yellow people are not wise, and they perish of their own system. That's why Zhou Gong's compass chariot, Gong Shuzi's flying kite, Zhang Heng's armillary sphere, Zhuge Liang's wooden ox and horse, art people can't imitate them, and make them shine. .How can the Tao exist when the organ is dead?It doesn't hurt!Taiwan is a deserted island in the sea, its people are all from Fujian and Guangdong, and its utensils are all from Fujian and Cantonese.However, the boxes of Taijun, the seats of Dajia, and the silks and satins of brocade are well-known in Beijing, and they are also ambitious in paying tribute.The big body of the husband is built on the vertebral wheel, and the tower of the Cen is built on the foundation of the ruler. Looking at the present from the future, can it not be better than looking at the past from the present?Therefore, the outline of it is for reference.If the husband opens things and makes things happen, there will be a gentleman who waits for him later.

Textile Taiwan's climate is mild, and the soil is black and the graves are dark, which is most suitable for sericulture, but since the opening up, there have been few flourishers.Taiwanese are fond of luxury, and silk and satin gauze are mostly from Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Cotton cloth is especially widely used, and it is worth hundreds of thousands of gold at an age.Its cloth is produced in Ningbo, Fuzhou, and Quanzhou, and is traded by merchant ships. This is a bulk.At the time of Zheng's time, he had planned to grow cotton for self-spinning, but Fenglue was first built, and the proposal was not carried out.In the first year of Yongzheng, Zhangpu Lan Dingyuan wrote a letter to Wu Dali, the censor of Taiwan, to discuss the governance of Taiwan. One of them said: "There is no sericulture or cotton ramie in the platform, so most of the people are lazy, and the women wear colorful clothes and make-up. Pearls and emeralds are easy to travel and become a custom, so the administration of mulberry and hemp cannot be delayed. When the government was in charge of Fujian, he tasted the "Essentials of Sericulture", drew twelve pictures, and issued counties and counties. The broad soil of the platform is the most suitable for trees. Mulberry can be imitated. There are many kapoks in Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, which are commonly called Jibei. People can collect their kernels in the interior and plant them in Taiwan. In terms of achievements, diligence and thrift prevail, the people can be rich and the vulgar can be beautiful.” However, during the period between Daoguang and Daoguang, the sericulture industry had not yet been practiced.Covering the fertile terraces, sowing rice and planting sugarcane, the profits are relatively large.In the gardens along the mountain, hemp ramie was first planted, with Anjia being the most, and Hsinchu next. They were distributed to Shantou and Ningbo for weaving, and then they were redistributed. Taiwanese people cannot grow their own.Fengshan County governs vegetarian pineapple production, mowing leaves and reeling silk, which can be used to weave summer cloth, and Taiwanese can't produce it themselves. They can only distribute pineapple silk to Shantou and resell it in Chaozhou, with an annual rate of more than 100,000 yuan.It is very hot in the terraces, and the grass cloth is used macro, but it cannot be self-sufficient.It is ignorant to leave the benefits of nature to others!

At the beginning of Xianfeng, there was great chaos in the south of the Yangtze River. There was a person named Cai who worked for the Nanjing Weaving Bureau. He first came to Hengjie above the county government to weave silk and satin gauze, which was called Yunjin.The nature is flexible, the pattern is refurbished, the color is exaggerated, it will not fade for a long time, and the way of disappearing is very wide.However, its silk is still obtained from Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and it is not yet self-sufficient.After Cai died, he passed it on to his son as a world inheritance.At the beginning of Tongzhi, Ling Dingguo, a Cantonese, served as the guard of the city and participated in the camp. He deeply believed that Taiwan's sericulture was beneficial, so he imported its species from Guangdong, rented a house in Zuomi Street, extended his work to raise silkworms, and planted mulberry outside the east gate.Gaiyitai mulberry has small leaves and is not suitable for cultivation, so it is also a good species.However, when it was first implemented, there was little effect, or there were many silkworms but few mulberry, or there were many mulberry and few silkworms. After several years of operation, the losses were not worth it, and the work was abandoned.In the first year of Guangxu, the proposal to open the mountain was completed, and Taitung was divided into officials and ruled by officials. The army and the people gradually arrived. Xia Xianlun, who patrolled the road, was ordered to garrison the army to grow cotton in order to benefit the land.However, Taitung is rainy and cotton is corrupt.And Liu Mingchuan served as the governor, and his daily business was to promote production. In October of the fifteenth year, Li Liankui, the magistrate of Yunlin, went to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces to collect sericulture seeds and the methods of planting and feeding them. People, greatly rewarded.They also bought cotton seeds, and told the farmers in Tongyuting County to sow them.So Lin Weiyuan, a wealthy gentry in Tamsui, grew mulberry trees in Dadaocheng to raise silkworms, which was very prosperous for a while.The inscription is passed on, and the matter is over.In the early days, Yunjin was weaving silk and satin. It was heard that in Jingyi, when Guangxu was married, the inner court ordered Taiwan's political envoy to collect tribute, which cost tens of thousands of yuan. I think the weaving by the Jiangsu and Zhejiang bureaus is not as good.Yunjin won this reputation, but it cannot expand its business, and its descendants will be idle, and it will decline every day, so it is not a pity!At that time, Ni Sulian in the Fulin Hall of Zhuchi also set up looms to provide food and clothing.Su Lian, surnamed Huang, rarely loses her spouse, keeps fast and observes festivals, and works with her disciples in weaving. The cloth produced is eagerly bought by others.

People in Taiwan are able to weave their own cloth, made from the bark of ramie bark, which is less than ten feet long.And Shuisha Lianfanfu used ramie mixed dog hair as yarn, dyed with madder, and mixed it into writing, which is called Dago pattern.In Daoguang period, Dajia women began to weave orchid grass mats, which are tough and durable, and can be rolled and stretched. Han people mostly weave from them.Therefore, the reputation of Dajiaxi is far and wide, and the price of the top one is as high as 20 or 30 gold.People in Dajia make a living by this, and they have not replaced it until now.

embroidery Taiwanese women are not good at weaving, but embroidery.A coincidence of embroidery, a few days ago in Suzhou and Hangzhou, famous ladies met each other and praised female celebrities.Clothes and sewing are also mostly self-made, and the poor girls in the green window make a living by this, so they have a home without burdens and stones, and their ten slender fingers are enough for food.Recently, only young girls in Tamsui compete to learn songs, and their heads are covered with brocade, while female celebrities are useless.Women in Tainan are especially good at making flowers, either with grass or mixed colors, one flower and one leaf, as bright as life.In the cities of the five capitals, there are those who sell them.

Sculpture The art of carving, woodworking is the best.Tainan is the top, followed by Huludun.Taste the solid wood with a diameter of a ruler, and carve landscapes, towers, towers, flowers, figures, exquisite inside and outside, lifelike, and worship the giant temples, thinking it is beautiful.Therefore, like the case of the screen, bed and bed, each thing is worth hundreds of gold.The material selection of the cover is good, and the swing technique is also skillful.Only carving jade and stone is not as good as Fujian and Guangdong. painting Painting is one of the literary arts. Since its inception, there have been quite a few people who are good at painting.The fire painting in Tainan County is particularly skilled.There are many betel nuts in the vicinity of Nanjun, and each time the sheath is taken as a fan, the painter also chooses the light white one, and burns it with incense sticks.The book of four body parts and the painting of six methods are inexhaustible.It is also inlaid with brocade edges and decorated with tooth handles. Each handle can be sold for several gold, or hundreds of dollars, depending on its fineness and roughness.Westerners bought it as a gift, thinking that it is a unique skill in Taiwan.However, among Taiwan, only Tainan sells them, and others are rare.

casting The casting of ironware in Taiwan was previously promoted by local officials, and the vassals gave it to them. There are seven out of 20 families in Taiwan, which are called casting households.Most of the casted utensils are pots, tripods, plows and hoes. It is forbidden to build soldiers, and it is also considered to be borrowed from bandits.In the thirteenth year of Tongzhi, Shen Baozhen, the imperial envoy, asked to lift the ban.However, those who forge small knives can be found everywhere, but those in Tamsui are the best.Also, gold is produced in Taiwan, so gold is mostly used in women's jewelry, and one hairpin and one earring are extremely delicate.The silver flowers made in Tainan are light and white, like peonies, roses, lotuses, and chrysanthemums, all of which are beautiful.Therefore, Western women buy it, thinking that it is good for fun, or as a gift.

pottery At the time of the Zheng family, Chen Yonghua, who consulted and joined the army, began to teach the people to burn tiles, and the tiles were all red, so Fan Xian wrote "The Song of Red Tiles".However, Taiwan's pottery industry has not yet flourished. Most of the bowls, pans, cups and bowls come from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, and the best ones come from Jingdezhen. Only the bricks and pans are self-sufficient.For rural houses, the soil is rectangular, about two inches thick, exposed to the sun and extremely dry, and built as a wall, which is as strong as bricks.In the fifteenth year of Guangxu, some people from Xinghua came to the south and lived in Mishi Street. Fan Tu made utensils and sold them in the market, but the scale was very small, and it didn't last long.Only Changhua has a royal tomb. He is good at making pipes, painting flowers and birds, and is extremely skilled in glaze.The second is Sanyu, the county government of Tainan, whose law was passed down from Jiangxi.It is also very ingenious that Wang Ling can make vases and kegs.It's a pity that it's just for fun, and it can't be compared with Jingde.

Calcined ash There are two kinds of ash: oyster ash and lime.There are a lot of oysters in the coastal areas, and the Taiwanese call them oysters. They take their houses and burn them. The color is white, and they are used to build houses with chalk walls.In the area near the mountains, stones are excavated and calcined, and the price is relatively cheap. burn rice The people who live in the mountains cut down miscellaneous trees, build fires to burn them, and take the ashes to boil.There are two kinds of 焿: the solid one is called 焿 mound, which is used for co-dyeing; the liquid one is called 焿 oil, which can be used to adjust food, yellow in color and poisonous, and helps digestion.For burning wood, bananas and Guanzhong are the best, and some are also used.

Bamboo work Chiayi produces a lot of bamboo, which is used to make paper and is widely consumed.It is compiled as an appliance, and macros are also used.And the bamboo connected by water and sand has a diameter of more than a foot, and it is tied as a raft, which can cross the ocean, and the waves will not disappear, so it is used for fishing along the coast.Skillful bamboo craftsmen make beds, tables, baskets, and baskets.Everyday utensils are available everywhere. Leatherworker The suitcases in Tainan County are made extremely firmly, the paint is also solid, and the water does not soak them.The second is Lukang.It is sold in other provinces and is called a box.There are many skins on the platform, but unfortunately there is no tanning factory to make various utensils, so it is only a pillow and a drum.