Chapter 23 Chapter Eighteen The Fifth Century-1

The Jin Empire in southern China, like an old man lingering on a sick bed, finally died after a surprisingly long delay.In the 1920s, power was usurped by its prime minister. ——Southern Dynasty. Northern China fell apart for 136 years. In the 1930s, it was unified by the Northern Wei Dynasty, a small Xianbei country. --Northern Dynasties. In the early period of the Great Split, the era of the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms ended, and in the latter part of the Great Split, the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties began. The Northern Wei Empire in the Northern Dynasties has always been very stable.The Southern Dynasty continued to be turbulent, and the Southern Song Empire, which succeeded the Jin Empire, was also usurped by its prime minister half a century later, and the Southern Qi Empire was established.

The rise and fall and relationship positions of the various states in the Southern and Northern Dynasties are listed in the following table; Eleven countries stand side by side The melee of the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms became more intense at the end of the period. In the first year (400) of this century (5), the West Qin Kingdom far in the west was annexed by the increasingly powerful Post Qin Empire.In the same year, the Beiliang Kingdom was divided internally, and the Han general Li Kou established the Xiliang Kingdom in Dunhuang (Dunhuang, Gansu). The Houliang Kingdom originally had a vast territory, but it was repeatedly divided by internal resistance forces, and in the end there was only a tiny piece of land left, and its neighbors were all sworn enemies.In successive years of drought, hundreds of thousands of people starved to death in the capital Guzang (Wuwei, Gansu).The last king, Lu Long, could not support it.In 403, he voluntarily surrendered his land to the Later Qin Empire.This small, short-lived country of the Di ethnic group has only been in power for eighteen years.

Two years later (405), there was a mutiny in Yizhou (Sichuan) of the Jin Empire, and Qiao Zong, a cautious mid-level officer, was supported to establish the Kingdom of Western Shu.All entrepreneurial monarchs or traitors are more or less adventurous, with the exception of Qiao. When he heard that the rebels were going to support him as king, he was so frightened that he jumped into the river to commit suicide.After being rescued, he kowtowed to the Bianbing and begged for his life, but the Bianbing refused to accept his request. Two years later (407), the Xiongnu general He Lianbo of the Later Qin Empire rebelled.Helian Bobo's father, Helian Weichen, was a tribal chief who was killed by the Northern Wei Empire and the tribe was wiped out.He Lianbo fled to Chang'an alone, and later Qin King Yao Xing appointed him as a general.Helian Bobo and Shihu are the same type of characters, ungrateful, vicious and cruel.Later Qin and the Northern Wei fought bitterly for more than ten years and lost continuously, and finally found that if they continue to consume, they will only perish.So he reconciled with the Northern Wei Empire, and the royal families of the two countries formed a marriage.He Lianbo declared that he had a blood feud with the Northern Wei Dynasty and opposed the settlement.So he led the post-Qin troops handed over to him by the post-Qin to become independent in the Shuofang area (Hetao), and established the Xia Empire (known as Hu Xia in history).But He Lianbo only dared to attack his benefactor's repercussions continuously, but he didn't dare to touch his blood feud, the Northern Wei Dynasty, because the Northern Wei Dynasty was stronger than the Later Qin Dynasty.

In the same year (407) when the Huxia Empire was established, the Houyan Empire, which retreated to a corner of the northeast, perished in a coup.Its last emperor, Murong Xi, was the younger brother of Hua Hua Da Shao Murong Bao, and he was even more useless than Murong Bao.This year, Murong Xi's wife, Empress Fu, died of illness. He ordered government officials to cry loudly, and sent guards to inspect them. Anyone who had no tears would be severely punished. The officials had to stimulate the lacrimal glands with pepper.When he was buried, Murong Xi walked more than ten kilometers with bare feet to support the coffin.Suffering from tyranny, the people of Longcheng (Chaoyang, Liaoning) took the opportunity to rebel. Under the leadership of the Goguryeo general Gao Yun, they closed the city gate and refused him to return to the country.Mu Kexi led an army to attack and was caught and executed.The Houyan short-lived empire that Murong Chui built up with untold hardships lasted only twenty-four years.Gao Yun sat on the throne of the Murong family and established the Beiyan Empire.

Two years later (409), in the first year of this century (5) (400), the Western Qin Kingdom, which was conquered by the Later Qin Empire and perished, was constantly harassed by the Later Qin Empire by Helian Bobo, and was overwhelmed In the meantime, restore the country in its old place. ——In the (five) 00s of this century, eleven countries stood side by side in China: the Later Qin Empire, the Western Qin Empire, the Hu Xia Empire, the Southern Liang Kingdom, the Northern Liang Kingdom, the Western Liang Kingdom, the Northern Wei Empire, the Southern Yan Empire, the Northern The Yan Empire, the Western Shu Kingdom, and the Jin Empire.This is the most chaotic peak of the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms era, and all nineteen countries have appeared on the stage.There will be no new kingdoms rising in the future.

Two short-lived kingdoms perish one after another The Jin Empire was always out of breath, and the Battle of Feishui did not help it at all except to protect it from being strangled. Instead, the ruling class interpreted Xie An's deadly sternness as being confident and calm.The scholar-bureaucrats were even more unrealistic, and the government was even more corrupt and dark. The Sima family's blood may be unclean, so the emperor of the Jin Empire was either an idiot or died young.The idiot of the second emperor Sima Zhong has become famous all over the world.In the last century (4) 396, the sixteenth emperor Sima Dezong came to the throne, and his degree of idiot was even more serious than Sima Zhong.Sima Zhong would also ask: "Why don't you eat meat?" Sima Dezong couldn't even say this, and he didn't even know whether he was hungry, full, cold or hot.The power of the government is presided over by his thirty-three-year-old uncle Sima Daozi. Sima Daozi indulges in fine wine and women every day, and then hands over the power of the government to his two assistants, Wang Guobao and Wang Xu. , attempting to expel several local entrenched military chiefs.Next year (March 97), the general Wang Gong who was stationed in Jingkou (Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) raised his troops and attacked Wang Guobao and Wang Xu by name.Sima Daozi surrendered and killed the two men.From then on, Sima Daozi no longer believed in outsiders, but only believed in his son, Sima Yuanxian, who was sixteen years old.Giving power to an older child of this age is tantamount to handing over sugar-coated arsenic to a child. If it is not poisoned to death, it is simply unreasonable.Sima Yuanxian discovered the cuteness of power shortly after he took power, and his first thought was to get rid of his father.One day, while his father was intoxicated, Sima Yuanxian taught the idiot Emperor Sima Dezong to order that his father's prime minister and concurrently serving as the commander-in-chief of the capital garrison (Yangzhou governor) were all dismissed.After Sima Daozi sobered up, he realized that he had been betrayed by his son and lost his temper, but he couldn't change it.

Sima Yuanxian was 21 years old in the third year (402) of the fifth year of this century. It was the era when college students were supercilious, and he brought himself to an orgasm.General Huan Xuan, who was stationed in Jiangling (Jiangling, Hubei), refused Sima Yuanxian's order. Sima Yuanxian acted as the Grand Marshal himself, commanding the land and sea troops to attack Huan Xuan.Huan Xuan was also a playboy who relied on his father, Yu Yin (he was the youngest son of Huan Wen) to obtain high positions.The thing is, two dudes fight, and the one with the less dandyism wins.Huanxuan's army went down the Yangtze River to the east, Sima Yuanxian's army was defeated, he was caught by Huanxuan, tied to the bow of the boat, and beheaded together with his father Sima Daozi.

Huan Xuan entered Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu) as a conqueror and served as prime minister for several months.In the winter of 403, he abolished the idiot emperor Sima Dezong, ascended the throne himself, and established the Chu Empire.But Huanxuan's brain cannot cooperate with his ambition, and his historical task is only to guide Liu Yu to play.Liu Yu is a native of the south of the Yangtze River. He is a mid-level military officer from a poor family.Huanxuan was defeated again and again, and finally gave up Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu) and retreated to Jiangling, his base, but was still killed by King Qin's army. His emperor's dream only lasted six months.The idiot emperor Sima Dezong was restored, and Liu Yu took power.

Liu Yu's ambitions are as big as Huan Xuan's, but he knows that his career is difficult, and he must have continuous military victories in order to establish prestige in that society that only cares about family status.Seven years later, in 410, he attacked the Nanyan Empire. Nanyan was destroyed in eleven years after its founding.More than 3,000 Xianbei nobles were killed in their capital Guanggu (Qingzhou, Shandong), and the last emperor Murong Chao was sent to Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu) to be beheaded.Three years later (April 13), Liu Yu sent his general Zhu Lingshi to attack the Western Shu Kingdom.Before the army arrived in Chengdu, King Qiao Zong fled in terror and hanged himself in the woods. The life span of the Western Shu Kingdom was only nine years.

In the next year (April 14) when Western Shu fell, the Nanliang Kingdom in the north was annexed by the Western Qin Kingdom.The last king of Nanliang was bald and humiliated, and he was the most admired figure in the whole country.So Nanliang's throne was not passed on to his son, but to his younger brother, with the purpose of passing it on to him.Unexpectedly, the bald-haired people humiliate Tan Tan with too many small cleverness, too little great wisdom, and a small country with few people and militarism is tantamount to burying himself.In the last battle, the bald-haired man humiliated Tan personally conquered the Yifu tribe (in the west of Qinghai Lake), won a complete victory, and plundered a large number of people and livestock.However, the West Qin Kingdom seized the opportunity of the emptiness behind him and captured its capital Ledu (Qinghai Ledu) in one fell swoop. The bald-haired and humiliated Tan triumphantly returned troops, heard the news on the way, and suddenly collapsed.He surrendered to Xiqin helplessly, and was poisoned to death by Xiqin. The Kingdom of Nanliang was established for only eighteen years.

Two years later (April 16), Liu Yu mobilized the entire army of the Jin Empire to attack the Later Qin Empire.The Houzuo Empire is a big country among small countries, once powerful in the northwest, the West Qin Kingdom was once annexed by it, and the Nanliang Kingdom was once a vassal of it.But the powerful Hu Xia Empire has been encroaching on it in the north. Later Qin King Yao Xing - he was originally the emperor, but later changed his name to the king to show his humility.He personally attacked Helian Bobo many times, and was defeated many times, and all the borders were destroyed.However, the most deadly injury was that some of Yao Xing's sons, in order to compete for the throne, started the Eight Kings Rebellion to kill each other in the style of revenge for the enemy.In February 416, Yao Xing passed away, and his eldest son, Yao Hong, succeeded to the throne and restored the title of emperor.The emperor's throne made those princes and grandchildren go crazy, and they rebelled one after another, and the elite troops were all consumed in the civil war.In August, Liu Yu aggressively attacked. In August next year (April 17), Chang'an was captured, and Yao Hong was captured. Together with the prince and grandson, they were all sent to Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu) and beheaded one by one.The country that murdered Fu Jian was established for thirty-four years. So far, Liu Yu is a hero. In his hands, the power of the Jin Empire has reached its peak in a century. The next step is of course to wipe out the remaining separatist regimes and restore the old land.This is an understandable shock. Juqu Mengxun, the king of the Northern Liang Kingdom far in the northwest, fell into a state of hysteria. Xia Xiaolang) Liu Xiang happened to meet him on business, and probably had a happy expression on his face. Juqu Mengxun said angrily, "You are very happy to hear that the Jin army is counterattacking key points, aren't you?" Immediately behead Liu Xiang . It's a pity that Liu Yu is only a half-hero.His heroic career, so far.His goal is not to unify China, but the throne of the emperor. Thirty-Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms End After Liu Yu captured Chang'an, he left his eleven-year-old son Liu Yizhen and a part of the army to guard it.He himself led the army back to Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu), preparing to usurp the power of the Jin Empire.But as soon as he left, the Huxia Empire, which was coveting in the north, attacked Chang'an. All the troops left by Liu Yu were wiped out, and 200,000 people died.Chang'an only regained one year and four months, and paid such a terrible price for this brief victory.Liu Yizhen hid in the grass and escaped. Liu Yu could do nothing but climb onto the city wall of Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu) and look northwest and run down his nose. Liu Yu poisoned the idiot emperor Sima Dezong to death in 418, and made his younger brother Sima Dewen succeed him.Two years later (420), Sima Dewen was deposed again.The endless Jin Empire has finally come to an end, and it has been established for one hundred and fifty-six years.The demise of the Jin Empire brought a bloody example to future history. In the past, the emerging regimes always preserved the lives of monarchs who had lost their country and lost their throne.Otherwise, Liu Yu will kill them all.This kind of killing began to become a tradition. The monarch who lost his country and lost his throne was like an ominous snake and scorpion, which must be extinguished. So Liu Yu became emperor and called his empire the Song Empire. ——The first of the four short-lived kingdoms of the Southern Dynasties (known as the Southern Song Dynasty or Liu Song Dynasty in history). Changes have also taken place in Northern China. The power of the Northern Wei Empire to sweep away fallen leaves began to clean up the chaotic mess of the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms.The Northern Liang Kingdom was its forerunner first, and in 421 it destroyed its neighbor, the Xiliang Kingdom. The Xiliang Kingdom was only twenty-two years old. Since 422, the Northern Wei Empire has not stopped using troops.First target the emerging Southern Song Dynasty, and occupy the south bank of the Yellow River and several important towns that the Southern Song Dynasty inherited from the Jin Empire, including Huatai (Hua County, Henan Province), (Shi Gao) (Shi Ao) (Shandong Chiping), and occupy them all.Next year (April 23), we will go further south of the Yellow River, capture Hulao (northwest of Xingyang, Henan) and Luoyang, and push the border southward by 100 kilometers. Four years later (April 27), the Northern Wei Dynasty developed westward, attacked the Hu Xia Empire, and captured Tongwan City (Beibaichengzi, Jingbian, Shaanxi), the capital that was said to never fall.Hu Xia Emperor He Lianchang fled to Shangbang (Tianshui, Gansu).In the following year (April 28), He Lianchang was captured while fighting, and his younger brother He Lianding fled to Pingliang (Huating, Gansu) to succeed him. Three years later, in 431, the Western Qin Kingdom and the Hu Xia Empire perished in the same year.Western Qin destroyed Nanliang, which bordered on Beiliang.The Kingdom of Northern Liang destroyed Xiliang, without any worries, turned to Western Qin. The Kingdom of Western Qin could not resist, and retreated to Nan'an (Longxi, Gansu). .But when the Northern Wei Dynasty sent an army to receive it, he was reluctant to part with the glory of the king, believed in the motto "Nothing is a blessing", believed that the situation would eventually improve, and refused to the Northern Wei Dynasty.At this time, Emperor Helianding of Huxia, who had fled to the west, besieged Nan'an when he returned with the Northern Wei Corps. Nan'an fell after more than half of the residents starved to death. The Western Qin Kingdom lasted for thirty-nine years.Qifu Mumo and more than 500 nobles were all massacred by Helian Ding. He Lianding's ferocity could not save himself. A few months later, he led the remnants of the Hu Xia Empire's Huns and the newly captured Western Qin and Xianbei tribes, about 100,000 people, and marched westward in an attempt to enter the Northern Liang Kingdom and seize Land, and then establish political power.While crossing the river, he was intercepted by the Tuyuhun Khanate of the Xianbei ethnic group in the Qinghai Lake area, and the whole army broke up. He Lianding was captured alive by Tuyuhun, dedicated to the Northern Wei Dynasty, and beheaded in the capital Pingcheng (Datong, Shanxi).Hu Xia, an empire connected to the gods, only lasted for twenty-five years. ——At the beginning of the 1930s (fifth) of this century, there were only four kingdoms standing side by side in China: the Northern Wei Empire, the Northern Yan Empire, the Northern Liang Kingdom, and the Southern Song Empire. Five years later (April 36), the Corps of the Northern Wei Dynasty attacked Beiyan. Feng Hong, the last emperor of Beiyan, could not resist, so he abandoned the capital Longcheng (Chaoyang, Liaoning), threatened the people of the whole city, and fled to the Kingdom of Goguryeo (Pyongyang, North Korea). Beiyan has only been established for thirty years.Feng Hong was the same as King Tian Di of the Qi Kingdom in the third century BC. After he arrived in Goguryeo, Gao Lian, the king of Goguryeo, still respected him very much.However, Feng Hong regarded himself as the emperor who visited the vassal state, as stubborn as before, and established his own independent government in Goguryeo, giving orders.Gao Lian's reaction was simple, he sent someone to kill Feng Hong. Three years later, in the last year of the 1930s (April 39), the Corps of the Northern Wei Dynasty attacked Beiliang again, and Beiliang died.Beiliang was the last of the nineteen kingdoms of the Five Hus to perish. It was established for forty-three years. The Northern Liang Kingdom perished, unifying China, and the era of the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms ended.In one hundred and thirty-six years, almost one army built an empire.Suddenly a group of people gathered together, immediately organized a government, appointed officials and worshiped nobles, issued proclamations, and claimed to be sages and sages.Before the people figured out what was going on, it had disappeared, leaving behind countless corpses and countless weeping orphans and widows.The result is that almost all the Xiongnu, Jie, and Di peoples were extinct, and almost all the leaders of the Qiang people were also extinct.The remnants of the four ethnic groups were devoured by the large Han ethnic group and disappeared without a trace; the Xianbei ethnic group was left with only one branch of the Northern Wei Empire, and by the end of the next century (sixth), this branch was also Sinicized.Since then, there have been no ethnic minority issues in China.The southward migration of a large number of exiles enriched and gradually developed the sparsely populated South China.This is very important. Two hundred years later, the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century could have such a large expansion force, relying on the support of the wealthy Jiangnan. Four Southern and Northern Dynasties The Northern Wei Dynasty unified Northern China, and the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty faced each other, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties era began. When the Northern Wei Empire occupied the area south of the Yellow River in the Southern Song Dynasty in the 1920s, it coincided with the death of Liu Yu, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty.In the 1930s, Liu Yu's son Liu Yilong was determined to restore the inherent territory.In the spring of 430, Liu Yilong appointed Dao Yanzhi as the commander-in-chief and launched a large-scale northern expedition.The Northern Wei Dynasty abandoned a series of important towns such as Hulao and Luoyang and retreated back because of the melting of ice and snow in spring, which was not conducive to the galloping of cavalry.The Corps of the Southern Song Dynasty crossed the Yellow River to pursue them, recovered all the lost land, and the whole country was jubilant, especially Liu Yilong was the most proud, because he used a strange remote control method to achieve such a grand success.Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu) is 700 kilometers away from Luoyang Airlines, and the ground path is about 1,400 kilometers. It takes five or six days for the fastest express to arrive.Liu Yilong was born in a deep palace surrounded by women since he was a child, but he directly commanded bloody battles a thousand kilometers away, not only commanding large troops, but even small troops.The situation on the battlefield is changing rapidly, but it is necessary to ask for instructions from a thousand kilometers away and must receive orders before responding.The great victory of the Northern Expedition proved that Liu Yilong was wise and wise.However, the happy days did not last long.Winter came, the Yellow River froze, the North China Great Plain was frozen, the Northern Wei Dynasty launched a counterattack, the Southern Song Dynasty could not resist, and the remote control command made the front troops fall into chaos. Therefore, the entire army was wiped out, and all the land recovered was lost. Fifteen years later, in Xingcheng (Huangling, Shaanxi Province), a large-scale civil uprising occurred in Xingcheng (Huangling, Shaanxi Province) of the Northern Wei Dynasty.Liu Yilong was overjoyed. Although he was farther away and could not actually help, he still issued many blank edicts to Gai Wu, asking him to be appointed an official and worship him, so as to create resistance in the Northern Wei Dynasty.After the failure of Gai Wu, Emperor Tuo Batao of the Northern Wei Dynasty marched south and besieged Xuanhu (Runan, Henan) as a show of revenge. After attacking for forty-two days, he could not capture it and began to retreat.However, this military operation caused Liu Yilong's wrong judgment, thinking that the enemy's strength was nothing more than that.The failure last time was because the generals did not follow his wise instructions.So he decided to make a second Northern Expedition.He ordered his younger brother, Prince Liu Yigong, to be the commander-in-chief and stationed in Pengcheng (Xuzhou, Jiangsu).Then appoint Xiao Bin, the two most powerful generals in the main battle, as the commander-in-chief, and Wang Xuanmo as the vanguard, and attack westward from Licheng (Jinan, Shandong) along the Yellow River.Conquer (Shi Gao) (Shi Ao) (Shandong Eping) first, and then Wang Xuanmo attacked the slippery platform (Hua County, Henan) westward.Where the army passed by, the people responded one after another, some sent rice noodles, some sent daily necessities, and there was an endless stream of support for the old and the young, and they threw themselves into the camp.Unfortunately, Wang Xuanmo is a filthy character. His main reason for the war is high-sounding on the surface, but the real reason is that he wants to use the war to make a fortune, and now the opportunity to make a fortune has come.He dismantled the righteous people who belonged to him and distributed them to his direct troops. Each family gave a piece of cloth as a reward, but ordered each family to pay 800 large pears and transport them to the south of the Yangtze River for sale (it's rare that he has such a good business. mind).People were disappointed with the government of their motherland. Those who have come try to escape, and those who have come will no longer go to the country in the future.The Corps of the Southern Song Dynasty returned to their homeland 30 years ago. It was like a fish entering the water, but now the water has dried up.Tuobatao, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, personally led the army. He went south to aid from the capital Pingcheng (Datong, Shanxi). The drums and Hujia interacted with each other, and the sound was heard for more than a hundred kilometers. Twenty kilometers away from Taiwan, Wang Xuanmo was heartbroken and dared not fight. He rushed to break through the siege and retreated. He was attacked by the pursuers, and his entire army was wiped out again.Only Wang Xuanmo fled back to (Shi Gao) (Shi Ao) under the protection of a few guards, and the big pears he confiscated were probably gone. This time Liu Yilong, of course, continued to direct by remote control. In order to make up for the omissions of the last time, this time it was more precise.When the generals set off, Liu Yilong not only had strict regulations on the marching board and lodging, but also had to wait for his instructions from the deep palace in Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu) on the date and time of the battle.The front line has collapsed, and Liu Yilong also ordered Xiao Bin to defend (Shi Gao) (Shi Ao) (Shandong Eping).General Shen Qingzhi said to Xiao Bin: "(Shi Gao) (Shi Ao) will never be able to defend, and the whole army will die if defending. The Northern Wei Dynasty will cross the Yellow River from Huatai to the south, and the north of the Yangtze River. I am afraid that they will fall into the enemy's hands. We will immediately defend. You can live (Shi Gao) (Shi Ao), but an isolated stronghold is useless. It is better to retreat to Pengcheng (Xuzhou, Jiangsu) as soon as possible to enrich the strength of our army north of the Yangtze River." Xiao Bin obeyed him. As expected by Shen Qing, Tuo Batao crossed the Yellow River from Huatai to the south, bypassed the city, crossed the wilderness, and reached the north bank of the Yangtze River. relatively.Liu Yilong climbed up Stone City (Jiankangxi Military Fortress), looked north, saw the mighty army of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and couldn't help turning pale.Although Tuo Batao sent people to cut wood and build ships and threatened to cross the river, he was deeply afraid that the Southern Song Corps in Pengcheng (Xuzhou, Jiangsu) would attack his back and cut off the grain road, so in the spring of next year (April 51), he retreated immediately and put his anger to rest. It was vented on the farmers in the war zone who did not have time to escape. All the men were killed and all the women were taken captive to the north.For infants and children, they use a spear to pierce their intestines, hold them up in the air and dance in circles, as a game.From the Yellow River to the Yangtze River, five hundred kilometers in depth, there are only broken tiles and ruins, but no one.The swallows returned from the south, but they couldn't find the old nest. They didn't understand why such a catastrophe happened in the world.The second Northern Expedition of the Southern Song Empire ended with the cries of the people. Next year (April 52), the Northern Wei emperor Tuobazhu was murdered by the eunuch Zongai. After a struggle for the throne, his thirteen-year-old grandson Tuoba Ruirui succeeded to the throne.When Liu Yilong heard the news, he thought it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for revenge, regardless of the severity of the country's ruin and the opposition of most senior officials.Because the motto said: "Those who achieve great things do not seek the public." He ordered the third Northern Expedition, which was divided into three routes: the east route attacked (Shi Gao) (Shi Ao) (Shandong Eping), the middle route attacked Luoyang, and the central route attacked Luoyang. Xilu tackled Xuanguan, and he himself directed the remote control as before.During the siege of (Shi Gao) (Shi Ao), the Eastern Route Army was defeated by the Northern Wei Corps sneaking out of the tunnel, and the other two armies did not dare to enter again.The third Northern Expedition thus ended anticlimactic.Liu Yilong said angrily: "I didn't expect the generals to be so cowardly and incompetent. I wish I could use my sword to force them to charge." An incompetent leader always pushes the responsibility for failure to his subordinates. However, fifteen years later, the Southern Song Empire suffered a greater blow.In 466, Xue Andu, the general guarding Pengcheng (Xuzhou, Jiangsu), surrendered the whole city to the Northern Wei Empire because of his friendship with a prince who had failed in the rebellion.Liu He, the then emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, ordered General Zhang Yong to attack Pengcheng.When the Northern Wei Dynasty fought, Zhang Yong's army was defeated. On the way, more than 30,000 soldiers were frozen to death, and Zhang Yong's fingers and toes were frozen off.The army of the Northern Wei Dynasty chased after them, captured Xuanhu (Runan, Henan) and Xiangcheng (Shenqiu, Henan) in a row, organized local governments, and incorporated them into the territory of the Northern Wei Dynasty.Liu or ordered general Shen Youzhi to counterattack, but was defeated again, and Shen Youzhi was seriously injured.Two years later (469), Qingzhou (Qingzhou, Shandong), Jizhou (Jinan, Shandong), and Chongzhou (Yutai, Shandong), which were isolated behind the enemy in the Southern Song Dynasty, also fell one by one.The lost land is 400 kilometers from north to south and 800 kilometers from east to west. This vast territory can no longer be regained.The northern and southern empires have since been bounded by the Huaihe River. 5 Tyrants of the Southern Song Empire In the short 60-year lifespan of the Southern Song Empire, there were nine emperors in total, and six emperors were tyrants: the second Liu Yifu, the fourth Liu Shao, the fifth Liu Jun, the sixth Liu Ziye, the seventh Liu Kou, and the sixth Liu Ziye. The eighth term is Liu Yu.Only this regime has so many tyrants in history, accounting for exactly two-thirds of all monarchs. After the death of the first emperor Liu Yu, his son Liu Yifu was deposed and killed by the Tuogu ministers because of excessive barrenness.Liu Yilong was Liu Yifu's younger brother. He was killed by his son Liu Shao in the next year (April 53) when the third Northern Expedition failed.After sitting in the Golden Temple, the patricide murderer used bloody means to suppress the resistance, but was still defeated and beheaded by his younger brother Liu Jun soon after.Liu Jun's ferocity is no less than that of his elder brother Liu Shao, but his temperament is even worse.There is a small museum in the palace, where Liu Yu displayed things like lanterns and hemp ropes that he used as servants when he was poor and humble. Be wary of fear, be especially vigilant.Not long after Liu Jun ascended the throne, he went to visit, and all the officials who accompanied him praised him in unison, but Liu Jun was ashamed, thinking it was a great shame, pointing to the portrait of his grandfather Liu Yu and saying: "He is just a farmer. Isn't it a bit excessive?" He would have such a reaction, and the old grandfather in the grave might be in a big surprise. In 464, Liu Jun passed away, and his 16-year-old son Liu Ziye succeeded to the throne. His mother, the Queen Mother, was seriously ill and was about to die. He sent someone to call him, and he said, "The place where the patient lives is full of ghosts. How can I go?" The queen mother shouted angrily: "Take a knife to cut open my stomach. How could such an animal be born?" Liu Ziye suspected that his uncle Liu Yigong was not good for him, so he personally led the army to Liu Yigong's house and killed Liu Yigong and his four sons together. After death, the limbs were dismembered, the intestines and stomach were cut out, and the eyes were gouged out, soaked in honey, and called "ghost rice dumpling".Liu Ziye took his aunt, Princess Xincai, into the palace as his concubine, and killed his uncle.He was worried about all his uncles, so he gathered them together, imprisoned them in the palace, beat them at will, or dragged them around on the ground.Three of the uncles: Liu Kou, Liu Xiuren, and Liu Xiuyou were very fat. Liu Ziye specially made a big bamboo cage and put them in it. , Liu Xiuyou is the "thief king".He especially hated Liu Kou, and stripped Liu Kou's clothes for every meal, and taught him to swallow it with his mouth like a pig in a wooden trough.More than a dozen times, when Liu Ziye wanted to kill Liu Kou, he was rescued by Liu Xiuren's clever flattery.An official's wife was pregnant, and Liu Ziye took him to the palace, preparing for her to give birth to a boy, and he became the prince.At this time, Liu Ziye suddenly became furious, and ordered people to tie Liu Kou's hands and feet, lift him up with a stick, and send him to the kitchen to kill pigs.Liu Xiuren laughed and said: "The pig will not die today." Liu Ziye was even more angry. Liu Xiuren said: "The pig will not die until the prince is born to kill the pig." Liu Ziye was very happy, and Liu Zoucai narrow escape.Liu Ziye summoned all the concubines and princesses to the palace, and ordered his cronies to take turns to commit adultery.His aunt Concubine Jiang refused, and Liu Ziye beat her with a hundred leather whips and beheaded her three sons.He also taught the maids to chase naked in the yard, and one of the maids refused to beheaded immediately.At night, he dreamed of a woman cursing at him, and tomorrow he would find a palace maid who looked similar to the woman in the dream and kill him.At night, he dreamed that the murdered maid cursed at him again.So the witch said that there were ghosts in the palace, so Liu Ziye held a bow and arrow and shot ghosts everywhere.When the ghost shooting was over, the eunuch who specialized in clothes management lived away, and when there were no one around, he drew his sword and went up.This vicious big boy ran away in a hurry, shouting "Ji Ji" repeatedly, but was finally caught up and hacked to death. He was only seventeen years old, exactly the age of senior middle school graduates. What "Ji Ji" means, no one knows.We guessed that it might be calling "Jizhi" to beg for mercy, but the pronunciation could not be complete due to excessive fear. After Liu Ziye's death, Pig King Liu Kou was embraced by Liu Xiuren and other princes to the throne.Liu Kou was originally very gentle and honest, that's why he has a big heart and a fat body.However, power changes human nature, and unlimited power changes human nature infinitely.After Liu Kou became emperor, he soon became another kind of person.First of all, he killed all twenty-eight sons of his elder brother Liu Jun.Then he killed all his brothers who were in trouble with Liu Ziye, including his younger brother Liu Xiuren who had the closest relationship with him since childhood and who saved his life many times.Liu Kou called Liu Xiuren into the palace and forced him to take poison. He issued an edict announcing his crimes, saying: "Liu Xiuren made friends with the imperial army and plotted rebellion. I can't bear to kill him in public. I only have to question him severely. He is ashamed and afraid." , take the poison yourself." In 472, Liu Kou passed away, and his son Liu Yu succeeded him. He was only ten years old and could not do too many bad things.However, in the year 477, when he was fifteen years old, Liu Kou's inherited inferiority was completely exposed.Liu Yu doesn't like the restrained life of the court, he only likes to wear short shirts and shorts, wander around, and lie down on the street to rest when tired.He is extremely clever, and besides being an emperor, he knows everything else, such as cutting clothes, sewing hats, and various musical instruments that are difficult to play. Once he learns, he is proficient.At first he was very happy to deal with the peddlers in the market, and when others didn't know who he was, so they quarreled with him and insulted him, he felt very novel and readily accepted.But soon put on airs, all the followers were armed with knives and guns, and martial law was declared as soon as they left the palace gate, and anyone who had no time to escape, whether they were people or domestic animals, would be killed.The capital Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu) was almost in ruins, with tens of thousands of households, their doors closed day and night, and the streets were as silent as a graveyard.Liu Yu never left his side with iron nails and awls. If he didn't kill people for a day, he would not be happy.Once he led guards to kill Du Youwen and other three ministerial officials. Together with the baby in his arms, they were cut open and chopped into meat sauce.Another time he broke into the Imperial Guard Director's Department (Leader's Mansion), and saw the Imperial Guard Director (Central Leader) Xiao Daocheng taking a nap, with a big belly, he was very interested, and he was full of bows and arrows to shoot, so he hurriedly persuaded him: "Big belly It’s certainly a good target, but if you kill it with one arrow, there will be no more. It’s better to use grass arrows, and you can shoot again.” Liu Yu then used grass arrows, hit the navel with one arrow, and laughed and said: “ How about my move." Of course this move is very good, Xiao Daocheng then decided to get rid of him.The last day of Liu Yu's short life was July 7th when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl met. Yang Yufu, a guard, took Liu Yu to sleep, and cut off Liu Yu's head with the saber that Liu Yu used to kill others, and dedicated it to Xiao Daocheng. After Liu Yu's death, his eleven-year-old cousin Liu Zhun succeeded him.Two years later (April 79), Liu Zhun was thirteen years old.Xiao Daocheng seized power and ordered Liu Zhun to issue an edict to surrender the emperor's throne to himself.Liu Zhun was afraid. When the abdication ceremony was held and he was required to attend the performance in person, he fled without a trace.Xiao Daocheng sent his generals to lead the army into the palace, ready to use violence.The queen mother was frightened to death, and she led the eunuchs to search, and finally found the child in the Buddhist hall.Liu Zhun cried and said, "Are you going to kill me?" The general said, "I don't want to kill you, but I just ask you to move. Your surname Liu did the same to Sima." Born to the emperor's family." The Southern Song Empire was established for sixty years, and it has now perished. After Xiao Daocheng ascended the throne, it was renamed the Southern Qi Empire.And in accordance with the tradition established by Liu Yu that the king who has lost his country and lost his position must die, all Liu Yu's descendants, including Liu Zhun, were executed.