Chapter 22 Chapter Seventeen The Fourth Century-2

Great Melee in Six North China Shi Le, the founding emperor of the Later Zhao Empire, died in 333. This legendary figure was one of the wisest monarchs among the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms. If he marched south as soon as possible, the Jin Empire might not be able to resist, and he would unify China.But aging made his ambition fade away. After his death, his son Shi Hong succeeded to the throne. Shi Le's nephew Shi Hu killed Shi Hong, came to power by himself, and moved his capital to Yecheng (Linzhang, Hebei) from Xiangguo (Xingtai, Hebei). Shortly after Shihu came to power, in 337, the governor (cishi) of Pingzhou (Liaoning), the most northeastern border of the Jin Empire, and Murong, one of the Xianbei chiefs, established the Qianyan Kingdom (his son) in Jicheng (Yixian, Liaoning) Murong Kou was changed to Empire).However, although the Jin Empire lost the northeast, it took back the southwest very economically.In 347, general Hengwen attacked the Chenghan Empire.During the decisive battle, an episode that can only be found in fairy tales happened. When the Jin army arrived at the foot of the city of Chengdu, the Chenghan Corps resisted fiercely.But for some unknown reason, the drumming sergeant beat the sound of attacking drums in a daze. The Jin army counterattacked violently, the Chenghan Corps was defeated, and the last emperor Li Shi surrendered.

Later Emperor Zhao Shihu was a hundred times more violent than Liu Cong. Like a poisonous snake, he only had two things in his mind, one was sexual desire and the other was killing.He opened the world's largest hunting enclosure south of the capital Yecheng (Linzhang, Hebei). No one is allowed to throw a stone at a wild animal, otherwise he will be "criminal to the beast" and will be sentenced to death.Officials then used the "beast crime" as a tool of extortion. If a person was accused of committing a beast, he would die or go bankrupt.Shihu kept recruiting beauties, and once he recruited 30,000 beauties. Later, Zhao government officials went from house to house like robbers. If the beauties' father or husband refused to donate his daughter and wife, he would be executed immediately.In only three, four, five years, more than 3,000 people were killed for this.When the beauties were sent to Yecheng, Shi Hulong was overjoyed, and all the local chiefs with excessive achievements were promoted to Marquis.But when this tyranny caused the people to flee on a large scale, Shi Hu blamed those local chiefs who were newly appointed marquises for not knowing how to appease the people, and beheaded them all.In order to accommodate these beauties, Shihu built palaces in the three major cities of Yecheng, Chang'an, and Luoyang, and mobilized more than 400,000 people to work day and night.Shi Hu also declared that he would attack the Jin Empire and ordered conscription. If there were three men in his family, two men were recruited into the camp. There were more than 500,000 craftsmen making armor and 170,000 craftsmen making ships.Two-thirds of these craftsmen were drowned in water or devoured by wild beasts that appeared because of the desolation of the fields.Soldiers were more miserable than craftsmen. Not only did the post-Zhao government not provide food, but every five soldiers had to donate an ox cart, two oxen and fifteen buckets of rice.The people sell their sons and daughters to worship the squandering of the stone tiger. When the children are sold out or no one can afford it anymore, the most peaceful and kind-hearted Chinese peasants in the world hang themselves to death. The corpses hanging from the trees on both sides of the road connect.

Shi Hu loved his son very much. He once said in amazement: "I really don't understand why the Sima family killed each other. Like our Shi family, it is unbelievable that I would kill my son." Xuanfeng crown prince, second son Shi Tao named prince, the brutal behavior of this pair of brothers is no less than that of the father.In 348, Shi Xuan hated that the beams in Shi Tao's palace were too long, so he sent someone to stab Shi Tao to death, and planned to kill his father at the same time, so as to ascend to the throne in advance.Shi Hu's counterattack was quick and cruel. He led his wife Ji concubine and all the civil and military officials to the high platform, tied Shi Xuan to the audience, pulled out his hair first, then pulled out his tongue, and led him to climb to the front. On the prepared pyre, cut off the limbs, goug out the eyes, and then set fire to death.All of Shi Xuan's wives, concubines, and children were all beheaded. Shi Xuan's youngest son was only five years old. His grandfather, Shi Hu, loved him very much and held him in tears. When the executioner came to drag the child, the child dragged his grandfather. The clothed man cried, his little hands refused to relax, and even the belt of his clothes was pulled off, but he was dragged to death in the end.The eunuchs and officials in the Taiwo were all torn apart.More than 100,000 Taiwomen guards were all exiled to Jincheng (Lanzhou, Gansu) at the junction of the Qianliang Kingdom 1,200 kilometers away.

Shihu's crazy animal nature brought bad luck to the entire Jie nation to which he belonged.The scene of his five-year-old grandson dying made him very sick.Next year (349), he will die immediately.Thirty-three days after his son Shi Shi ascended the pole, he was killed by another son Shi Zun.Shi Zun ascended the pole for 183 days, and was killed by another son, Shi Jian.Shi Jian ascended to the pole for one hundred and three days, and was killed by his general Ran Min.Ran Min was of Han nationality, and he ordered: "Anyone who kills a barbarian, the official will be promoted to the third rank, and the soldier will be promoted to the general of the Yamen." In the capital Yecheng area alone, 200,000 people were massacred, including all the princes, ministers and officials of the Jie nationality. Traffickers and pawns.The anger of the people towards Shihu's tyranny has taken revenge on the entire Jie ethnic group. This revenge is terrible, and the Jie ethnic group has since disappeared in China.Shi Zhi, Shi Jian's younger brother, succeeded to the throne in his old capital, Xiangguo (Xingtai, Hebei), and supported him for one year.Next year (351), he was killed by his subordinates.Thirty-three years after the establishment of the Zhao Empire, it perished in blood.

After Ran Min killed Shi Jian in 350, he established the Ran Wei Empire in Yecheng.But he is just a Xiang Yu-type character, with military minds but no political minds, so he cannot accept the space left by the Zhao Empire, and can only control parts of the south of Yecheng.Fu Jian, the chief of the Di ethnic tribe who was recruited by Shihu to garrison Fangtou (southeast of Qimendu in Qixian County, Henan Province), took advantage of the chaotic situation and led his troops westward into Guanzhong.Next year (March 51), independence will be declared in Chang'an, and the former Qin Empire will be established.And the former Yan Empire, which belonged to the Xianbei nation far in the northeast, also took advantage of the boiling of China's mainland and moved southward in a large scale.Next year (352), in a decisive battle with the Ranwei Empire in Liantai Village (Wuji, Hebei), Ran Minma was captured.Probably in order to avenge the Hu people, the former Yan Empire beat Ran Min three hundred lashes and beheaded him.Sent to besieged Yecheng, Yecheng was starved, and those tens of thousands of beauties collected by Shihu tried every means, either starved to death or were cooked by hungry soldiers.Yecheng fell quickly, and the shorter-lived Ranwei Empire lasted only three years.The former Yan Empire then moved its capital to Yecheng to confront the former Qin Empire from east to west.

——In the 4th and 50s of this century, four kingdoms existed side by side in China: the former Yan Empire, the former Qin Empire, the former Liang Kingdom, and the Jin Empire. The growth of the Qin Empire seven years ago In the 1950s and 1960s, China had a period of nearly two decades of peace.During this brief period of peace, Fu Sheng, a tyrant comparable to a stone tiger, appeared in the former Qin Empire. This 21-year-old young man was blind in one eye since he was a child. The murder weapon, if there is a disagreement, he will do it himself.During the banquet, Fu Sheng taught the archers to shoot all the people who were not too drunk.Fu Sheng once asked his ministers: "What kind of monarch do you think I am?" The person who was asked panicked and said: "Your Majesty is the Holy Lord."Ask someone else, and the man replied cautiously: "Your Majesty is a benevolent king, and the punishment is a little heavier." Fu Sheng was also furious: "You slandered me." He was also beheaded.He ordered the court ladies to have sex with the men, and personally led the officials to watch.He also ordered the maid to have sex with the sheep to see if she could give birth to a lamb.They also skinned oxen, horses, donkeys and sheep alive, and made them run and whine on the palace.Or peel off a person's face and teach him to perform songs and dances.When Fu Sheng was happy, he executed all senior officials in the government, including the prime minister and marshal, on charges of treason.He also killed his wife, Empress Liang, and his uncle advised him to kill less. He smashed the top of his uncle's head with a hammer, and his brain was split.Because Fu Sheng only has one eye, words such as "less", "none", "missing", "injured" and "disabled" are the most taboo.Once he asked the imperial physician (emperor physician) the function of ginseng, and the imperial physician replied: "Although it is a little less, the power is great." Fu Sheng ordered the imperial physician to have both eyes gouged out and then beheaded.There are four kinds of punishments he commonly used: cutting off the legs, breaking the breastbone, sawing the neck, and disembowelment.However, what is surprising is a famous edict issued by him. The edict said: "I am the emperor, but I am ordered by the heavens, and I sit on the throne handed down by my ancestors. Since I am the head of the world, I regard the people as my children." General love. But since I came to the throne, I don’t know what is wrong. Some people slander and blame the government. All the traitors I have killed are well-documented traitors. The number is less than a thousand. How can I say cruel? People in the market, The crowds are as usual, how can it be said that people are fleeing in fear? I am now solemnly declaring that as long as it is reasonable, legal, just and truthful, I will still go all out with my original intention and continue to shoulder my responsibilities to the country.”

When a person reaches this unreasonable state, any normal method will fail.In 357, Fu Jian, Fu Sheng's cousin, led an army into the palace and killed Fu Sheng.Fu Jian was also one of the wisest monarchs of the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms. Under his rule, the former Qin Empire was on track.He appointed Wang Meng, a commoner of the Han nationality, as prime minister, which was his greatest success.From the creation of Pangu to the nineteenth century, there were only six pitiful Chinese great statesmen: Guan Zhong, Gongsun Yang, Zhuge Liang, Wang Meng, Wang Anshi, and Zhang Juzheng.Wang Meng is one of them.Their contributions to the country are: the privileged class is suppressed, corruption is reduced, administrative efficiency is improved, the society changes from disorder to order, and the country changes from weak to strong.Therefore, the former Qin Empire grew rapidly, and its strong national power made Xingjian eager to expand outward. The first target was of course the former Yan Empire to the east.

However, what prompted the war between the former Qin and Qianyan countries was the northward advance of the Jin Empire.After moving south, the Jin Empire has been busy with internal strife, and its national power is dying.General Huan Wen destroyed the Chenghan Empire in 347 and recovered the vast territory of Yizhou (Sichuan) and Ningzhou (Yunnan), which encouraged the government.In 349, the Later Zhao Empire collapsed. Chu Po, the father of the Empress Dowager Chu of the Jin Empire, thought it was a good opportunity, and led an army to counterattack the Central Plains. Li Nong was defeated and almost the whole army was wiped out.In 353 and 353, the foundation of the former Yan Empire was not yet stable. Yin Hao, a minister who was born as a hermit and was unanimously worshiped by the rotten scholars and bureaucrats of the Jin Empire, took the opportunity to lead a large army to counterattack the Central Plains, but just as he set off, his vanguard troops rebelled and returned to attack. , he was also almost wiped out.The two embarrassing military operations proved that the Jin Empire had been corrupted to the point of being hopeless.However, in 369, Huan Wen counterattacked the Central Plains for the third time with the prestige of destroying the country 20 years ago.

Murong Mei, the emperor of the former Yan Empire at that time, was only 20 years old, and his mother Kezuhun Empress Dowager and Prime Minister Murong Ping presided over state affairs.The Jin army was victorious, and Qianyan couldn't resist. Murong Ping panicked and planned to abandon Yecheng (Linzhang, Hebei) and return to his old nest, Longcheng (Chaoyang, Liaoning).Murong Mei's uncle, Prince Murong Chui, volunteered to fight. Murong Ping ordered Murong Chui to send troops, and at the same time asked for help from the Qin Empire.At this time, the Jin army had crossed the Yellow River and advanced to Fangtou (Qimendu, southeast of Qi County, Henan Province), 90 kilometers south of Yecheng.Murong Chui resisted bravely and dispatched surprise soldiers to cut off the long food road of the Jin army.Now it was Huan Wen's turn to panic, so he had no choice but to retreat. He retreated safely to Xiangyi (Suixian, Henan).Then the reinforcements from the former Qin Dynasty also arrived, and the Jin army was defeated again, and more than 10,000 people died.

The former Yan Empire turned from danger to safety, but Empress Dowager Kezuhun and Murong Ping immediately made two decisions that they thought were very wise: First, Murong Chui has become a national hero, and is a potential threat to the throne of the emperor—at least to the position of prime minister , decided to eradicate him.When Murong Chui got the news, he fled late at night and defected to the former Qin Empire. Fu Jian personally went to the outskirts of Chang'an to meet him as a guest of honor.Second, when the former Qin Empire asked for the land west of Hulao Pass, Murong Ping replied articulately: "It is normal for people with a state and a family to watch over and help each other. No one has ever said anything about ceding land." Fu Jian was not willing to be fooled, War is about to break out.

Former Marshal Wang Meng of the Qin Dynasty and Marshal Murong Ping of the former Yan Dynasty each commanded their own regiments and fought a decisive battle in Luchuan (Lucheng, Shanxi).The former Yan Corps consisted of more than 300,000 people, mainly Xianbei people, and it was originally a strong force.But Murong Ping is the strangest commander in the world. He doesn't care about the crisis in front of his eyelashes, but within the defense zone, he sends troops to guard the mountain pass and river crossing, and collects large taxes from the villagers who cut firewood and draw water and cross the river.Soon he made a fortune, and the money and silk piled up like a mountain.After Wang Meng heard it, he couldn't help laughing (anyone would laugh when he heard it, only the person involved thought that taking the opportunity to improve his life was a serious matter and there was nothing ridiculous about it).The decisive battle was properly arranged. In the winter of 370, the first year of the 1970s, the former Qin Corps launched a general offensive, and the former Yan Corps collapsed as expected.Yecheng then fell, and Murongkou was captured.The former Yan Empire was established for thirty-four years and died in a hurry. Fu Jian then turned to the Qianliang Kingdom in the northwest. Six years later, in 376, he sent two envoys to Guzang (Wuwei, Gansu) for peace negotiations.Zhang Tianxi, the last king of Qianliang, tied the two envoys outside the city of Guzang and shot them to death with random arrows to show his determination to resist the aggression to the death.But nothing that is shown by the shedding of another's blood—whether determination or loyalty—is unreliable.The former Qin Corps arrived not long ago. Although Zhang Tianxi vowed to die, he did not want to die, but surrendered to the former Qin Corps.The former Liang Kingdom was founded fifty-seven years ago, and it was the longest-lived kingdom among the short-lived kingdoms. ——In the 1970s (4) of this century, the two countries stood side by side in China, the former Qin Empire was in the north, and the Jin Empire was in the south, facing each other across the Huaihe River. The Battle of Bafeishui——The Fate of History The death of Wang Meng, the former prime minister of the Qin Empire, in 375 had the same impact on Fu Jian as the death of Guan Zhong in the seventh century BC had on Jiang Xiaobai.Jiang Xiaobai greatly disagreed with Guan Zhong's suggestion to Jiang Xiaobai when he was dying.Fu Jian also greatly disagreed with Wang Meng's suggestion to Fu Jian when he was dying.Wang Meng warned Fu Jian: "The country's mortal enemy is not the Jin Empire, but the Xianbei and Qiang people scattered in the country. Their leaders all hold important positions in the government, and some even hold military power. Our biggest worry is here. We must Correct it as soon as possible." When he was dying, he emphasized this warning again: "Strictly guard against Xianbei, strictly guard against Qiang." But Fu Jian was a broad-minded person who never mistrusted others.This kind of noble sentiment will inevitably produce a kind of concept, thinking that as long as you treat others with sincerity, the other party will treat you with sincerity.Therefore, he never killed those emperors and generals who surrendered or were captured.Even Murong Chui, Prince of Xianbei, and Yao Chang, chief of Qiang Tribe, became confidantes and favored them, granting them high ranks and great authority.Fu Jian's mistake was not here, but a major decision he made after Wang Meng's death.That is to say, the Di people whose ancestors lived in Guanzhong accompanied the nobles who left the town in batches to garrison all over the country.After a large number of clansmen moved out, Xingjian moved a large number of Xianbei people from the former Yan's hometown into Guanzhong.The former Qin Empire was established by the Di people, and Fu Jian probably meant that the numerically disadvantaged Di people could control every important stronghold in the country as a stabilizing force.And placing the Xianbei and Qiang people under the emperor's gate is convenient for suppression and assimilation.This idea is correct, but the problem is that when the central government is powerful, controlling the strongholds equals total control, but once the central government disintegrates, the strongholds are vain, and only have the fate of being swallowed by individual ones.As for assimilation, it will take time, at least fifty or one hundred years, to achieve results. After Fu Jian unified northern China, his next goal was to unify the whole of China—this is the wish of every hero in any divided era.In 383, Fu Jian marched south and ordered his younger brother Fu Rong to lead a combined infantry and cavalry force of 250,000 as the vanguard.Fu Jian personally led the main force of 600,000 infantry and 270,000 cavalry, and then advanced, with a total of 1.12 million people.Even in the twentieth century after 1,600 years, this is also a thunderous figure.The army set out from Chang'an and pointed directly at Shouyang (Shouxian County, Anhui Province), an important border town of the Jin Empire. When the news spread to Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu), like a major earthquake, all the officials of the Jin Empire were ashamed. The prime minister Xie An was even more stunned.Hu Bin, the general dispatched to rescue Shouyang in an emergency, only had 5,000 sailors.Using this small group of trembling troops to defend against a 1.12 million strong enemy capable of conquering battles is more obvious than touching an egg against a rock.People are terrified and can't live all day long.Xie An did not rely on talent but on family status to obtain high positions. Xie Shi is Xie An's younger brother, Xie Xuan is Xie An's nephew, the government has great power, and has long been in the hands of the Xie family. Emperor Sima Changming is just a puppet.Xie Xuan asked Xie An for instructions on military aircraft, Xie An didn't even know what to do, he just said blankly: "There are other orders." Of course there will be no other orders as expected.Xie Xuan asked someone to ask for instructions again, Xie An simply went out of the city to play in the mountains and rivers, in order to avoid the pressure of having to answer, and played until late at night before returning.General Huan Chong, who was far away in Shangming (Songzi, Hubei), sent three thousand elite soldiers to defend Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu). Xie An sent them back and said: "The capital is ready." In fact, the capital was not prepared at all, Xie An I have never discussed with anyone how to prepare.Like an ostrich with its head buried in the sand, Xie An only buried his head in the prime minister's mansion, not daring to look at reality.However, he is a little different from the other characters in that he has unprecedented good luck. Since Xie Shi and Xie Xuan were with the highest authority, they could not get any instructions, so they had to lead the army and set off.It is about to reach Feishui (Dongfei River), and dare not enter again.At this time, the sad news of the fall of Shouyang (Shouxian County, Anhui Province) came, and the morale of the army was depressed.Hu Bin's navy, which set out early to rescue Shouyang, lost its target and retreated backwards, and the food road was cut off. Hu Bin asked the commander-in-chief Xie Shi for help: "The enemy is strong, our army has no food, and we may not meet each other in this life." The messenger was captured by the patrol team of the former Qin Corps, and the Jin army's falsehood was completely exposed. It can be said that all misfortunes fell on the crumbling Jin Empire.Fu Rong, the former vanguard commander of the Qin Corps, read Hu Bin's emergency document and reported to Fu Jian: "The Jin army is weak and small, and it can be defeated in one blow. We must act quickly to destroy its main force in one fell swoop, so as not to escape. At this time, Fu Jian marched to Xiangcheng (Shenqiu, Henan Province), which is 170 kilometers away from Shouyang. After receiving the report, he immediately ordered the army to advance rapidly. Shouyang meets Fu Rong.Then he dispatched Zhu Xu, a ministerial official, to surrender to Xie Shi.Zhu Xu was originally the governor (inspector) of Yongzhou (Xiangfan, Hubei) in the Jin Empire. He was captured by the former Qin Empire. He always missed his homeland in his heart.He secretly told Xie Shi: "If the former Qin army was assembled with a million troops, I am afraid it will be impossible to resist. But now their army is behind, there are only more than 200,000 people in Shouyang City, you'd better act immediately, if you can defeat the vanguard first , It will be a blow to their morale. Only after a decisive battle with the army will there be any hope of victory." Xie Shi decided to follow Zhu Xu's words to put all his eggs in one basket and march towards Yongshui.The former Qin Corps built fortifications on the north bank of the Feishui River. Xie Shi sent someone to tell Fu Rong: "You lead the troops deep, of course for the sake of fighting. Now you are facing each other across the river. It seems to be a long-term plan. Wouldn't you lose your original intention. Please step back a little bit. , let us cross the river." In the face of a strong enemy, the weaker side dares to cross the river, and only the most desperate people choose this way of death.Fu Jian told Fu Rong, "When he crosses halfway, we will attack him with iron cavalry, so that no one survives." So he agreed to Xie Shi's request and ordered to retreat. ——During the battle of Chengpu in the seventh century BC, there was a story of "retreating and avoiding three houses".The Jin army retreated forty-five kilometers before the strong forces of the Chu Kingdom.Ji Chonger, the monarch of the Jin Dynasty, looked down from a high place and saw the order of his troops. He said with emotion: "This is all the credit of Marshal Gu Yangu. With an army like this, any enemy can be defeated." Now 1,015 years later, the former Qin Empire also retreated in front of the enemy, and it was a strategy to lure the enemy deep under the absolute advantage.The enemy is weak and few, and there is a Feishui that prevents the enemy from attacking immediately, so it should be very peaceful and unhurried.However, the former Qin Empire lacked a Gu Gu, and under the order of retreat, the former Qin Corps moved backwards. Unexpectedly, this movement was like a landslide and an earth crack, which was unstoppable.We have reasons to believe that Fu Jian's order to retreat was issued directly to the whole army, so the whole army moved at the same time, running wildly like mountains and seas in a chaotic manner, so that they lost control.Xie Shi took advantage of the enemy's turbulent retreat, crossed the Feishui without any difficulty, and launched an attack like lightning.Fu Rong personally rode out and ran around the edge of the army, trying to prevent his army from retreating, but his horse suddenly fell down and was trampled to death by the rebels.Zhu Xu took the opportunity to follow behind and shouted: "The Qin army has been defeated." The former Qin army had originally retreated on its own initiative, but it was completely cleared up here, and they took each other's way and fled north for their lives.Fu Jian fled with the rebel army and was almost shot to death by stray arrows. This is the famous Battle of Feishui. In fact, there is no "battle", but only "service". The former Qin Empire was not defeated, but retreated.We can certainly find out the reasons for the inevitable defeat within the former Qin Empire afterwards, but within the Jin Empire, we cannot find out the reasons for the inevitable victory.We have no choice but to believe that even if there is a great change in the country, or in a war that kills tens of millions of people, fate has the influence, at least the Jin Empire was saved from collapse by fate.An unforeseen and unimaginable impact intervenes, and the resulting chain reaction can stop or turn the wheel of history.The Battle of Chibi (208) delayed China's unification by seventy years, and the Battle of Feishui delayed China's unification by two centuries. Ninety-eight countries stand side by side For the powerful former Qin Empire, the Battle of Feishui was only a defeat on the battlefield, and it was only a defeat of the vanguard, and the main force of the country was not damaged.Judging by the normal situation, Fu Jian could launch another attack immediately, and the worst would be the same as Cao Cao after the Battle of Chibi, and the two countries continued to confront each other.However, the ethnic groups included in the former Qin Empire were too complex, and the Di ethnic group, the backbone of the country, was small in number and scattered in all directions.The empire seems to be built on the sand, and the battle of Feishui tilted it.Then a series of wrong adaptations brought it down. In the year of the Battle of Feishui (383), Fu Jian fled to Luoyang with the defeated soldiers, and the army he personally commanded that had not yet reached Feishui also collapsed upon hearing the wind.Murong Chui, a general from Xianbei, suggested to Fu Jian that since the country was newly defeated and the hearts of the people in the north of the Yellow River were fluctuating, it was best to send him to comfort him.Fu Jian thanked him very much and sent him there.After Murong Chui crossed the Yellow River, in the first month of 384, he immediately called on the Xianbei survivors of the former Yan Empire to return to their country, and called his empire the Yan Empire (historians called it the Later Yan Empire). The Xianbei who had recently been relocated to Guanzhong (central Shaanxi) heard about Murong Chui, and under the leadership of another prince, Murong Hong, they gathered Huayin (Huayin, Shaanxi) and organized a government called the Xiyan Empire.Fu Jian ordered his son Fu Rui to be the marshal and the Qiang general Yao Chang to be the chief of staff to fight against the traitors.The Xiyan Empire was just a mob, but Fu Rui was defeated and killed.Yao Chang sent two military councilors to report to Fu Jian to plead guilty. Fu Jian, who was always magnanimous, suddenly narrowed down and killed the two military councilors in a rage.Of course Yao Chang was terrified. He led his Qiang troops and fled to the north.He fled to 〕di (Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province) to join other chiefs of his clan, rebelled, and established the Post-Qin Empire. Next year (385), the disintegration of the former Qin Empire will accelerate.After defeating Fu Rui, the Xiyan Empire changed its mind, temporarily gave up the idea of ​​returning east, and entered Chang'an.Since the Di people in Guanzhong (central part of Shaanxi) moved out in large numbers, Fu Jian could no longer gather more armed forces, so he had to leave his son to guard Chang'an. Mobilize troops and come back to rescue Chang'an.However, the great famine made Chang'an unable to hold on firmly. As soon as he left the city, he fell.Fu Jian traveled west to Wujiang Mountain (north of Qishan Mountain, Shaanxi Province), where he was intercepted by the patrol forces of the Later Qin Empire and sent to the Stone Buddha Temple in Xinping (Bin County, Shaanxi Province).Yao Chang asked Fu Jian for the jade seal passed down by the emperor, but Fu Jian scolded him for being ungrateful, and Yao Chang hanged him to death.Twenty years ago, when Yao Chang was kidnapped and executed on the execution ground, he was rescued by Xing Jian, who was still a prince at that time.Therefore, even the Qiang troops of the later Qin Dynasty shed tears for the tragedy of this generation of great men. After Fu Jian's death, his son Fu Pi succeeded to the throne in Jinyang (Taiyuan, Shanxi), but the former Qin Empire had come to an end.Begging Guoren, a chieftain of another Xianbei ethnic group living in Yuanchuan (Yuzhong, Gansu), became independent in Yongshibao (Yuzhong, Gansu) and established the Western Qin Kingdom.Next year (March 86), on the eve of the Battle of Feishui, Lu Guangyu, a general of the Di nationality sent by Fu Jian to conquer the Western Regions (Xinjiang), returned victoriously after conquering the Western Regions. He walked to Guzang (Wuwei, Gansu Province) and heard the news of Fu Jian's death. After hearing the news, the return journey was blocked by the newly emerging West Qin Kingdom, so he became king in Guzang and established the Houliang Kingdom. In the same year (March 86), another country besides the Five Hu and Nineteen Kingdoms - the Dai Kingdom (later renamed the Wei Empire, and historians called it the Northern Wei Dynasty) established by Tuobagui, the chief of the Xianbei in Mobei, had a great time outside the Great Wall. (Inner Mongolia and Linger) rose quietly, it was a trivial and crude regime, surrendered to Hou Yan.But it does not belong to the Nineteen Kingdoms of the Wuhu, because its life span is longer than any other country, up to 171 years, and it played a major role in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in the late period of the Great Split. ——In the 1980s (4) of this century, eight countries stood side by side in China: the former Qin Empire, the Later Yan Empire, the Western Yan Empire, the Later Qin Empire, the Western Qin Empire, the Later Liang Empire, the Northern Wei Empire, and the Jin Empire. Nineteen countries stand side by side The former Qin Empire disintegrated, and northern China was in chaos. Wars and famines stretched across thousands of miles.People kill each other and cook each other's corpses - this tragic fate is too much in Chinese history. In 394, the former Qin Empire struggled until the last emperor, Fu Chong, was destroyed by the Western Qin Kingdom, and the country was founded for forty-four years.In the same year, the Xiyan Empire, which abandoned Chang'an and moved eastward to the eldest son (Shanxi eldest son) to establish its capital, was also destroyed by the Houyan Empire. It was eleven years after the founding of the country.However, three years later (397), two kingdoms were split from the Houliang Kingdom: Nanliang of the Xianbei people and Beiliang of the Xiongnu people.In China, there are still eight countries standing side by side. The quiet rise of the Northern Wei Empire in Saibei was a major event that no one saw at the time.It paid tribute to the Later Yan Empire for protection.The Later Yan Empire did fulfill its responsibilities as the suzerain at first.However, Murong Chui, the founding emperor of Houyan, was getting old and had less contact with the outside world. His flamboyant Crown Prince Murong Bao held the power.In 1991, Tuobagui, the founding monarch of the Northern Wei Dynasty, sent his younger brother Tuobagu to make a pilgrimage to Zhongshan (Dingzhou, Hebei), the capital of Houyan. Mu Kebao asked him for a good horse, but Tuobagui refused.Murong Bao detained Tuoba Gu (this reminds us of Pocket Wa, the prime minister of the Chu Kingdom in the 690s BC).Relations between the two countries have since broken down.Murong Bao refused to give in to the Northern Wei Dynasty in a small country, and felt that he lost face. He used various methods to provoke his father. Elite soldiers, crusade against Tuobagui.Tuobagui adopted the strategy of fortifying the walls and clearing the fields, and Murongbao drove straight in, marching more than 400 kilometers, as if entering a land without people, until he reached the north bank of the Yellow River, without seeing the enemy.However, the contact with the capital Zhongshan was cut off by Tuobagui's surprise soldiers, and no news from the rear could be obtained.Tuobagui also taught people to spread rumors that Murongchui, who was already ill, had died.Murong Bao was suspicious and uneasy, so he had no choice but to retreat.When they retreated to Canhebei (Yanggao, Shanxi), Tuobagui's army chased after them and encircled them for a general attack. Later Yan's encirclement collapsed, half of them died in battle, and half of them surrendered.Tuobagui was afraid of too many soldiers, so the tragedy of the Battle of Changping Pass in the third century BC was repeated, and all the soldiers were killed.Only Murong Bao and the lucky few thousand escaped back. Unwilling to fail, Murong Bao encouraged his father to take revenge.Next year (March 96), Murong Chui went out with illness.When the army arrived at Canhebei (Yanggao, Shanxi), of the more than 80,000 soldiers who died last year, only a mountain of bones remained.The soldiers cried for their fathers and brothers, and the sound shook the world.Murong Chui suffered from pain and pain, and his illness became more serious. He could not go further, so he was ordered to withdraw from the army and died on the way.The throne is inherited by Murong Bao, who only has the ability to imprison the defenseless Tuoba Gu, but has no ability to deal with crises.The Northern Wei Empire took the opportunity to counterattack, and in less than a month, they occupied the North China Plain to which the Houyan Empire belonged.Murong Bao gave up Zhongshan in panic and ran back to Longcheng (Chaoyang, Liaoning), the base of his Xianbei tribe.Prince Murongde, the general guard of Yecheng Township, was Murongchui's younger brother, who reluctantly supported him for two years. In 398, he had to abandon that isolated stronghold and retreat to Huatai (Hua County, Henan Province) in the south.He hated Murong Bao for being fatuous and detrimental to the country, but also lost news of Murong Bao.Therefore, it declared independence on the sliding platform, established the Nanyan Kingdom, and soon changed it to an empire. In the 1990s (4) of this century, nine kingdoms existed side by side in China: the Houyan Empire, the Nanyan Empire, the Houqin Empire, the Houliang Kingdom, the Nanliang Kingdom, the Beiliang Kingdom, the West Qin Kingdom, the Northern Wei Empire, and the Jin Empire. Eleven Eastern and Western Worlds In 305 (Shi Le was sold as a slave), Emperor Diocletian of the Roman Empire resigned and retired to his hometown of Salona. The Emperor's War broke out. In 306 (the idiotic emperor Sima Zhong returned to Luoyang from Chang'an), Constantine, the commander of the Roman army stationed in Britain, died, and the general supported his son Constantine as emperor, and returned to attack the city of Rome. In 312 (the year after the Battle of Kuxian), Constantine and his soldiers claimed that they saw a cross hanging in the sky, with the words "Wearing this wins" on it, and they fell into Rome. In 313 (Zu Ti bowed to cross the river), Emperor Constantine promulgated the famous "Milan Edict", declaring freedom of religious belief. In 330 (the year following the fall of the Han and Zhao Empires), Emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople, which is now Istanbul, Turkey. In 374 (two years before the demise of the Qianliang Kingdom), the Northern Huns Khanate moved westward for more than 300 years and invaded the northern shore of the Black Sea, causing a great migration of ethnic groups. In 376 (the fall of the former Liang Kingdom), the Visigothic tribe who originally lived on the northern shore of the Black Sea invaded the Balkans of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire allowed them to settle down, but the officials were greedy and violent, and the Visigoths could not bear it and rebelled. In 378 (the second year after the demise of the former Liang Kingdom), the Roman emperor Merens personally conquered Sigoth, and fought in Sidriana Fortress, where Merens was defeated and killed.General Theodosius succeeded to the throne and cut off the province of Mycia and Visigoth. In 380 (three years before the Battle of Feishui), Emperor Theodosius ordered the closure of other temples across the country and made Christianity the state religion. In 395 (participating in the Battle of Hepao), Emperor Theodosius the Great died, and his eldest son, Akkady, established the capital of Constantinople, which was known as the Eastern Roman Empire in history.The youngest son, Han Nuoliu, established the capital of Ravenna, known as the Western Roman Empire in history.