Chapter 25 Section 8 Peixiu Map and Place Names in Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu"

The record and research of place names in this period has made great progress again, the most commendable ones are: (1) "Map of Yugong Area" compiled by Pei Xiu in the Western Jin Dynasty.Pei Xiu summed up the working experience of map drawing and put forward six cartographic principles (namely, the six cartographic principles).Under the guidance of this principle, the "Map of Yugong Region" was compiled. "Book of Jin" recorded the content of the map and said: "The mountains, seas and rivers of Yugong in Shangkao today, the original pi [xibei Xibei] Ze, the ancient Kyushu, and the sixteen prefectures and counties today, the borders of counties and towns, and the township [zou] Zou], and the old name of the League of Nations, Water and Land Paths, are eighteen maps." ("Book of Jin·Pei Xiu Biography") This can be said to be a historical atlas including many ancient and modern place names.In addition, he also made a "Topographic Abbot Map" with a scale of about 1:1,500,000 based on the big map of the old world, so that "the king can know the four directions without going to the hall" (Yu Shinan's "Beitang Shuchao").The old world map on which this map is based may also be a patchwork of maps of Shu, Wu and other places obtained by Pei Xiu. It is said that it was drawn with 80 horses. is unprecedented.Unfortunately, none of these pictures survived.Pei Xiu held an important position in the imperial court and was extremely busy with government affairs. These tasks may be undertaken by his assistant Jing Xiangfan (Fan Fan).In addition to compiling maps, he also wrote the first dictionary of place names in Chinese history, "Spring and Autumn Place Names" (or "Spring and Autumn Place Names"). This book gave many objective explanations on the origin of Spring and Autumn place names. , but we can still get a glimpse of its overview from works such as "Spring and Autumn Interpretations" and "Shui Jing Zhu".For example, "Huaquan, the name of the place" quoted in "Shui Jing Zhu" is one of the typical examples.Later, Wang Mo of the Qing Dynasty compiled dozens of articles from various books and included them in the "Han and Tang Geography Book Notes" compiled by him.

(2) Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu".Li Daoyuan, a native of the Northern Wei Dynasty.His father and grandparents all held important positions in the court, and he traveled with Emperor Wei to the north.Taking advantage of the political opportunity, he was able to "visit the dunes and search the canals" (that is, to investigate the big and small rivers).Because he acted impartially and did not fear power, he was hated by the powerful. Later, he was sent to work in an unstable area, but unfortunately died on the way.Li Daoyuan loves nature and admires what the predecessors said: "There is water in the world, floating in the sky and carrying the earth. It is omnipresent, and everything is moist." So he decided to supplement the "Shui Jing" written by the predecessor Sangqin. Therefore, he wrote his immortal work "Shui Jing Zhu".This book not only includes the large and small water systems within the scope of the Northern Wei Dynasty, but also describes some rivers in the territory of the Southern Dynasty, as far as today's Hainan Province, which also reflects his desire for the unification of the motherland.

The "Shui Jing Zhu" records about 20,000 place names, and explains the origin of 2,400 of them.Therefore, "Shui Jing Zhu" became the culmination of research on the origin and evolution of place names at that time.Professor Chen Qiaoyi of Hangzhou University classified these 2,400 place names into 24 categories according to the nature of origin: place names of people, places of historical sites, places of old country, places of tribes, places of dialects, places of animals, places of plants, places of minerals, places of topography, places of soil Place names, weather place names, color place names, sound place names, azimuth place names, yin and yang place names, figurative place names, metaphorical place names, related place names, symmetrical place names, numerical place names, lexical place names, compound place names, mythological place names, rumored place names, etc.It can be seen that the research on the origin of place names in "Shui Jing Zhu" is quite in-depth and specific.As far as the research content of the origin of place names in "Shui Jing Zhu" is concerned, in addition to the place names of counties and counties, it also involves mountains, rivers, lakes, wells, ponds, Jindu bridges, Guansai roads, palaces and pavilions, temples, mausoleums, cities, towns, and villages in Tingli. place name.

In addition to tracing the origin of place names, the study of place names also needs to further understand the changes and development of place names in history, so as to conduct dynamic research on place names.This kind of research is also involved in "Shui Jing Zhu", but it is very weak in comparison with the explanation of the origin of place names.For example, "Shui Jing Zhu Weishui" records Huayin County: The Yin and Jin of the Spring and Autumn Period.In the fifth year of King Hui of Qin, it was renamed Ning Qin; in the eighth year of Emperor Han Gao, it was renamed Huayin;

The history and changes of place names in Huayin County from the Spring and Autumn Period to the end of the Western Han Dynasty for more than 500 years are clear at a glance. In addition, "Shui Jing Zhu" also summarizes the naming rules of county names: Fan County, or the countries, Chen, Lu, Qi, and Wu; or Jiuyi, Changsha, Danyang; or Shanling, Taishan, Shanyang; or Chuanquan, Xihe, Hedong ; or by the way, gold is obtained from the city of Jincheng, the taste of Jiuquan spring is like wine, the camphor tree in Yuzhang grows in the garden, and the geese of Yanmen are bred; and also.

At the same time, Li Daoyuan also concluded that "the mountain is named after its appearance", "it is named after the water"; "it is not named directly because of the mountain, but also refers to the water"; "Shouming" and other place name naming principles, and discusses the pronunciation and writing of place names.