Chapter 36 Section 5 Tianshan North-South Road is included in the territory of the extremely prosperous territory and finally formed

In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727 A.D.), Cewang Alabutan died, and his son Galdan Celing succeeded to the throne, and continued to invade Hami, Khalkha Mongolia and other places.Although the Qing army has won many times, it has not been able to completely calm down.In the tenth year of Qianlong's reign (1745 A.D.), after the death of Galdan Celing, civil strife broke out in Junggar, and its power gradually declined.In the eighteenth year of Qianlong, Amur Sana of Junggar attacked and killed Ramadarza, proclaimed Dawaqi Khan, and Cheling Ubashi led his troops to the Qing Dynasty.In the nineteenth year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong decided to take the opportunity to send troops to end the decades-long war.Amur Sana fought against Dawaqi again, but after the failure, he led his troops to the Qing Dynasty.The following year, the Qing army marched in two ways, and soon occupied Ili, and the Junggar tribe was basically pacified.But Amur Sana rebelled again, and the Qing army retreated due to the cold weather, and Amur Sana regained control of Junggar.In the 22nd year of Qianlong, the Qing army entered Yili again, and Tianshan North Road was included in the territory of the Qing Dynasty.Amursana fled to Russia and soon died of illness.

Under the rule of Junggar, the leaders of the Hui (Uyghur) Tribe, Size and Zhuomu, attempted to separate the regime. The Qing Dynasty sent troops and invaded Kashgar (now Kashgar City, Xinjiang) and Yarkand (now Shache County, Xinjiang) in the 24th year of Qianlong. , Size and Zhuo Mu fled to Badak Mountain and were killed.The Tianshan South Road was also pacified, and the great cause of the Qing Dynasty's unification of China was completed. In the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi (AD 1689), the Qing Dynasty and Russia signed the "Sino-Russian Nerchinsk Treaty", which determined that the eastern boundary between China and Russia was the Outer Xing'an Mountains and the Ergun River.Because the Qing Dynasty had not pacified Outer Mongolia at that time, the boundary line in the middle section could not be delineated.In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727 A.D.), the Qing Dynasty and Russia signed the "Sino-Russian Brian Siqi Boundary Treaty" and the "Treaty of Kyakta", which stipulated that the Ergun River and its tributary Kailari River (now Hailar) River) at the intersection of Abagait, passing through Kyakta (now Kyaktu in Russia and Aldanbulak in Mongolia), west to Shabinida Bahan (a Shabinda Baha, today Russia Western Sayan Mountains).

After nearly 2,000 years since Qin Shihuang destroyed the six kingdoms, opened up territories, and established the Qin Empire, China finally formed a land stretching from the Sayan Mountains, the Ergun River, and the Outer Xing'an Mountains in the north to the South China Sea Islands in the south and the West Sea Islands in the west. Starting from Lake Balkhash, the Pamirs, and east to Sakhalin Island, it is an unprecedented unified country with a land area of ​​more than 10 million square kilometers. In the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, the territory was divided into 25 first-level administrative regions and the Inner Mongolia League Banner: eighteen provinces in the interior, under the jurisdiction of prefectures, prefectures, counties, and departments, and some southwestern provinces still retain some chieftain officials; Shengjing, Jilin, Heilongjiang, The five general jurisdictions of Ili and Uliasutai (Outer Mongolia) either use garrison agencies to handle civil affairs, or have civil affairs agencies at the same time, or retain some local hereditary chiefs similar to chieftains; Inner Mongolia Liumeng, Xitao Mongolia and Chase Hal, under the banner of the League, is the same as Outer Mongolia, but it is directly under the jurisdiction of the Central Li Fanyuan; the Minister of Xining, under the jurisdiction of Erut 29 Banners and Yushu and other forty ethnic chieftains, the former is made of the Mongolian League Banner, The latter uses the system of southwestern chieftains; the Minister of Tibet, who governs the camps, cities, Hutuktu territories, tribes and monasteries in the four regions of Wei, Tibet, Kamu and Ngari.Although a certain degree of autonomy is practiced in some administrative regions or regions, for example, the ministers stationed in Tibet generally do not interfere with the internal system and affairs of the integration of politics and religion, and the native officials of the chieftains are hereditary, but major issues involving national sovereignty and central authority have been eliminated. It is completely under the control of the imperial court, such as the relationship between Tibet and neighboring countries, the garrison of the army, the succession of religious leaders, and the suppression of internal rebellions must be handled by ministers or reported to the imperial court for decision.Such a unified scope and degree have never been achieved by any previous dynasty.