Chapter 6 Section 3 Symphony of Man and Nature

The famous mountains and great rivers in our country are all infused with the emotions and spirits of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor towards nature, and condensed into a rich and colorful landscape culture.Shanshui culture includes both spiritual and material aspects.The spiritual culture of Shanshui mainly refers to Shanshui aesthetics, Shanshui literature, Shanshui art, Shanshui science, and philosophical thoughts about the relationship between man and nature.The material culture of mountains and rivers mainly refers to the cultural landscapes such as buildings, cliff carvings, roads and customs created by people when they carry out spiritual and cultural activities in famous mountains and rivers.

The spiritual culture of Shanshui is mainly to praise and recognize the value of natural landscapes. In addition to expanding its popularity, it does not affect the objectivity of natural landscapes, nor does it change the original form and spatial combination of natural landscapes.However, as a material form of landscape culture in the scenic area—human landscape, it has a direct impact on the natural landscape, or complements each other, or interferes with destruction. The purpose of the construction of cultural landscapes in my country's scenic spots is to better serve people's spiritual and cultural activities in nature, including sacrifices, religion, sightseeing, aesthetics, creation and scientific research throughout the ages.Therefore, the overall layout and design ideas of the human landscape should first highlight the nature, give priority to with nature, supplement with humanities, and complement each other.For this reason, the spatial distribution characteristics of cultural landscapes are few, small, scattered, and hidden, that is, there are fewer artificial buildings in natural scenic spots, smaller in size, scattered in layout, and hidden in location.In this way, the perfection of the natural landscape can be maintained, and the beauty of the cultural landscape can be permeated.The exquisite humanistic scenery seems to grow out of the natural environment, without any trace of imposition.Thus forming a beautiful and moving symphony of heaven and man.

For example, the Nantianmen Scenic Area of ​​Mount Tai (Figure 3), which is famous for its majesty, has a cultural landscape composed of three 1633-level steps and the Nantianmen on the skyline at the end, which are integrated with the majestic "Mount Tai Yanyan" to form a whole. The majestic landscape of "Tianmen Ladder" creates the artistic conception of "thousands of clouds on the road" and "as if ascending the sky", achieving the effect of the male and the male. Another example is Lingyan Temple in Yandang Mountain, Puzhao Temple in Mount Tai, Tanzhe Temple in Beijing, Hongchunping in Emei Mountain, etc., which are characterized by deep landscapes. The temples are hidden in deep valleys, as if they are in a peach garden.

Throughout the famous mountains and rivers, the artistic technique of dealing with the relationship between architecture and the environment also has strong national characteristics.For natural landscapes characterized by majesty, danger, and openness, buildings are often exposed; while for beautiful, secluded, and mysterious natural landscapes, the focus is on containment. That is to expose the Mountain Gate and the Tianmen Gate, and introduce the inner hall, and light the archway, and introduce the inner hidden ancient temple.The exposed ones are small in size and are mostly ornamental and instructive, such as pavilions, pavilions, towers, squares, etc.As for Han, most of them have religious, cultural, recreational and other activities, such as temples, palaces, academies, palaces, villas, etc.These buildings are often improved and sublimated on the basis of local folk houses, forming a simple and elegant style, which is suitable for nature and blends into the mountains and forests.Then through carefully selected mountaineering tour routes, many natural and humanistic scenic spots are organized and connected in series, and become an unmanned tour guide, but can guide tourists to enjoy the beautiful scenery to their heart's content.For example, the ancient incense road on Mount Putuo, a famous Buddhist mountain, follows the mountain to the valley, becoming the link connecting the three major temples, 36 nunneries, and 128 huts.The path is like a woodcutter path, the avenue is made of stone slabs, and a lotus flower is carved in ten steps. The flowers are in different shapes and have a religious atmosphere.

In addition to buildings, the cultural landscape also includes historical relics, cliff carvings, etc.Cliff stone carvings are wonderful works in my country's landscape culture.It uses the form of literature, the art of calligraphy and sculpture, to play the role of starting point, embellishment and artistic conception of natural landscape.The excellent cliff carvings, which integrate history, culture and art, and natural landscape, have become the treasures of the scenic spot.For example, the stone carvings on the cliffs of Mount Tai pass through Shiyu, the "Overview of Yunfei" on Mount Lu, the "End of the World" on Hainan Island, the "Pillar of the South Sky" on Tianzhu Mountain, and so on.

The beautiful myths and legends of scenic spots are also products of history and culture.Like a colored practice, it connects the vivid natural scenery with the beautiful life in the world, activates the inanimate rocks, and adds interest and wanderlust to people.For example, the mythical story of "Husband and Wife Peak" in Yandang Mountain organically connects more than 20 strange peaks and rocks with realistic shapes that resemble people and animals, and presents them vividly in front of tourists, which is quite interesting. The cultural customs of various ethnic groups in different regions are also part of the cultural landscape of famous mountains and great rivers, such as the customs of the Bai nationality between the Cangshan Mountain and the Erhai Lake, the customs of the Yi nationality in the stone forest in Lunan, the customs and customs of the Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna, and the singing fairs of the Zhuang nationality on the bank of the Zuojiang River It is equivalent to a market) and so on, all of which are beautiful folk landscapes where mountains and rivers blend with human feelings.

It is precisely because of the above-mentioned landscape culture that pours people's emotions and spiritual sustenance to nature, it constitutes a symphony of human feelings and natural beauty, which brings endless spiritual pleasure to people.