Chapter 5 Section 2 Earth History Museum

Mountains and rivers are natural landscapes formed during the evolution of the earth.The famous mountains and rivers in our country not only have their natural beauty, but also are some typical landscape symbols in the history of the earth's development.They are of high scientific value for studying and understanding the earth. The image characteristics of famous mountains and great rivers are all formed under different geological and geographical conditions.For example, majestic and precipitous mountains are all located in areas where the crustal uplift movement is relatively strong and faults are relatively developed.Mount Tai, Mount Emei, Mount Hua, Mount Heng, and Mount Huang are all fault-block mountains that were cut and uplifted by several groups of faults.They are tall, towering, and majestic.Especially those granite mountains with vertical joints, the peaks are like axes, the cliffs stand like walls, towering and dangerous.

The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is a rare canyon landscape in the world.Canyons are traces of river cuts.The cutting depth of the Three Gorges reaches 1500 meters.So far, we can still find well-rounded pebbles on the top of the mountain 1,500 meters away from the river. These pebbles are relics of the ancient riverbed of the Yangtze River 70 million years ago. The wonders of limestone landforms such as the carved peak forest and stone forest (Figure 2) are formed by the chemical dissolution of water.The Lijiang River in Guilin, with the most beautiful scenery in the world, is the largest and most typical peak forest landform in the world.The red sandy conglomerate landscape known as "Red Cliff Danya" is most typical of Danxia Mountain, Wuyi Mountain, Qiyun Mountain, Longhu Mountain and other famous mountains.Typical volcanic landforms include Wudalianchi in the northeast, Tianchi in Changbai Mountain and Yangmingshan in Taiwan.They are not only peculiar landscapes, but also a precious basis for studying the history of the earth's development.

The evolution of nature, in addition to geology and landforms, also includes the succession of vegetation and changes in the ecological environment, all of which are directly related to human production and life.Vegetation refers to the general term of all plants that cover a certain area and adapt to its environmental conditions.my country has a vast territory, complex topography, diverse climates, and extremely rich vegetation types, including almost all major vegetation types in the modern world except the polar tundra.In addition, there are unique alpine vegetation in my country.The "three-dimensional" spatial distribution of various vegetation along the three directions of north-south, east-west and height shows obvious zonal and regional differences.They can be found in famous mountains and great rivers in our country.However, due to our country's long history and large population, most of the mountains and rivers have been developed and utilized, and the original vegetation has been severely damaged or transformed.Only a few famous mountains, great rivers, and scenic spots have preserved natural vegetation to varying degrees as the needs of spiritual and cultural life.These precious natural vegetation not only provide tourists with rich and colorful landscape resources, but also become a research base for modern ecological environment science and plant ecology.Changbai Mountain, Emei Mountain, Xishuangbanna Mountain, Sanqing Mountain, Jinggang Mountain, Huangshan Mountain, Wulingyuan Mountain, Wudang Mountain, Jizu Mountain, Gongga Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Yulong Snow Mountain, etc. all preserve many valuable natural vegetation.