Chapter 5 Section 5 style

The style of the chronology has changed frequently. After comparative research, some people have proposed that different styles should be adopted according to the different identities of the owners of the chronology, which can be roughly summarized into the following categories: 1. If you are compiling a spectrum for a scholar, you need to search for the gist of the spectrum master's works, conduct analysis and research, and extensively draw on the discussions of scholars related to the spectrum master, "bypass", put forward personal independent opinions, and It shows the evolution of the ideology of the era in which the spectrum master lived.

Second, if compiling scores for high-ranking officials and eunuchs, it should be more detailed to collect the important traces of the score master, and compile important memorials and edicts to supplement the incompleteness of the national history records. 3. If later scholars compile scores for former sages, they should try their best to include the treatises in the main collection of scores into the score. If they feel that there are still some deficiencies, they can supplement the content that can be adopted in the collection of the closest people to correct the shortcomings in other records. mistake.

4. As for the words of the owner of the spectrum commenting on Youpeng, there is no need to evade them and record them under the year of death of Youpeng involved in the spectrum.In this way, we can not only test the views of the spectrum master, but also reflect the ideological tendency of a specific era. There are no more differences and arguments in these four cases.The most controversial issue about the chronicle system is the issue of complexity and simplicity. Some people advocate that the materials for chronicles should be simplified, and should not be "exaggerated" (Zong Jichen's "Huang Bing's Postscript"), while others advocate that "do not avoid cumbersomeness". , the details are excerpts" (Wang Yongxiang's "Mr. Jiao Litang's Chronicle" as a general example), and some people think that "the husband's genealogy is unknown and without genealogy" (the preface to Dai Junheng's "Mr. Wangxi's Chronicle").The reason for the dispute between complexity and simplicity is that the complexity is often lost in the chaos, while the simplicity has many omissions, so each side holds one end and attacks each other. This is really unnecessary controversy, because it is complicated and simple, and it should be It depends on the complexity and simplicity of the main deeds of the spectrum and the publication form of the chronicle.Liang Qichao once put forward the statement that "the attached chronology must be concise" and "an independent chronology must be extensive" ("Supplement to the Chinese History Research Law"), which is defined based on the form of publication, which is a kind of understanding view.

There are different ways of compiling the chronicles: general spectrum, special spectrum and combined spectrum.They have the same style and content, but also have different emphases. This is an example of a comprehensive narration of all aspects of the spectrum master's life.It includes the following: The font size, Li Guan, birth and death, and year of the owner of the spectrum; The subject name, official history or experience and achievements of the spectrum owner; The author's creative achievements and academic attainments; The acquaintances of the composer and the birth, death and brief situation of related persons;

The Lord's family affairs and the grace and honor received; Contemporary events and appendices. According to the different situations of the spectrum owner, each spectrum either includes all of the above items, or omits some items. The monograph is different from the comprehensive narrative of the general spectrum. It is a chronology that only specifically records the career achievements of the spectrum owner or the activities of a certain period. Other activities of the spectrum owner have nothing to do with the central business or a specific period. , or only briefly mentioned. The style of the special notation probably originated from "Hanwen Gongli Official Records" compiled by Song Chengju. This notation mainly records Han Yu's official calendar and slightly involves his literature.Song Zhao Zili has "Du Gongbu Poems", which mainly records Du Fu's poems.Qian Taiji, a collation expert during the Jiadao period of the Qing Dynasty, served as a teacher in Haining for 27 years from the seventh year of Daoguang (1827 AD) to the third year of Xianfeng (1853 AD). Write down your own school notes at the back of each book you are schooling.His disciple Tang Zhaoliu compiled a special book centering on school book activities-"Keshuzhai School Book Book" based on these words.This special notation can not only see the energy of the spectrum master's life, but also provides reference materials for the study of version bibliography because it describes the various editions quoted by the spectrum master when he proofread the book.Geng Wenguang, a bibliographer in the late Qing Dynasty, sold, collected, collated and read books all his life.The "Tiaoxi Yuyin Reading Book" compiled by himself is a combination of "the method of proofreading books, the record of reading, and the purpose of collecting books."Some scores choose one aspect of the owner's career as the narrative center. For example, Gao Fenghan, a famous painter in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, was famous for his poetry and painting at that time, but his other hobby was inkstone making. He stored more than a thousand inkstones in his life. Shichen specially compiled the "Chronology of Mr. Gao Nanfu's inkstone history" mainly based on Gao's inkstone making and engraving activities.Da Shou, a Zhejiang monk during the Qianjia period, although he devoted himself to Buddhism, he was more fond of gold and stone calligraphy and painting, especially good at appreciation, and had many contacts with some gold and stone calligraphy and painters at that time. The inscriptions and postscripts of the rubbings were recorded according to the year, and compiled into two volumes of "Chronology of Jinshi Calligraphy and Painting in Baosu Room". Wu Shifen, an epigrapher in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a preface to this book, saying that this book "can be used not only as a chronological view of the Master, but also as a view of the history of the Master." People's visits to steles and records", which is helpful for the textual research and revision of Jinshi calligraphy and painting.

There is also a style of special notation written centering on the activities of the spectrum master in a certain period, such as "(Before the Jintian Uprising) Hong Xiuquan Spectrum" edited by Luo Ergang, which specifically records the activities of the spectrum master before the uprising.Lu Xun has histories in different periods, such as "Chronology of Lu Xun's Studying in Japan" edited by the Japanese Inomata (Yu Yu) Zhuangba, "Chronology of Lu Xun's Activities in Beijing" edited by Chen Shuyu, etc. Some notations use the notation style to directly name the chronology, such as "Chronology of Zhang Heng's Writings" compiled by Sun Wenqing, a scientist of the Western Han Dynasty Zhang Heng, and "Chun Jue Zhai" compiled by Zhu Xizhou for the translator Lin Shu (shushu). "Chronology of Writings", "Chronology of Mr. Ma Xiangbo's Teaching Deeds" edited by Fang Hao for the religious man Ma Xiangbo, etc.

This kind of notation is more useful than general notation for the study of specialized academic fields and the activities of the spectrum owner in a certain period, and it is a style worthy of development in the chronicle. Synthesis is different from syndication.Joint publication is a form of circulation, which is to publish and circulate several chronicles with similar content and nature together, each person still maintains the status of a single spectrum, and separate journals can still be published separately; The characters are written as a spectrum, which cannot be written in a single line.The earliest combined score is the "Chronology of Mr. Three Mr. Su" written by three writers of the Song Dynasty, Su Xun, Su Shi, and Su Zhe, but it is a pity that this score has been lost.In the Yuan Dynasty, Li Daoqian and Qiu Chuji and other seven Taoist priests compiled the "Seven Real Chronicles", which is the earliest surviving combined score.The "Chronology of Confucian Junior Brothers" compiled by Lin Chunpu of the Qing Dynasty is based on Confucius, and together with 21 Confucian disciples, they are combined into a compilation of teachers and students.Weng Fanggang, a gold and stone family during the Qianjia period, compiled the "Brief Notes of Weng's Family Affairs" which began in the second year of Ming Zhengde (AD 1507).

Compilation of modern scores has developed compared with the previous ones, and there are different ways of combining scores: For example, Liu Pansui compiled the "(Gaoyou) Wang's Father and Son Chronicle" jointly compiled by Liu Pansui for the father and son of the sinologists Wang Niansun and Wang Yinzhi in the Qianjia period. The father is the main one, and the son is attached. Spectrum, and in a lower frame marked with words and then narrated.Others, such as Qian Mu co-edited "Chronology of Liu Xiang and Liu Xin" for Western Han bibliographers Liu Xiang and Liu Xin;

For example, Xu Weiyu [yuyu] co-compiled the Chronicle of Hao Langao and his wife, Hao Yixing and Wang Zhaoyuan, a Confucian scholar during the Qianjia period.This genealogy mainly focuses on Hao Yi's behavior, and also includes Wang Zhaoyuan's deeds. It was included in the "Successful Wang Anren Ruiyu Chronicle" in the 28th year of Qianlong (AD 1763) (Hao Yixing was 7 years old), but in the year of Hao's death, The spectrum is over, and the Wang family has survived for nearly 20 years.The reason for not continuing to compile Wang Pu is that since Hao's death, Wang has returned to live in his hometown, "the deeds are poor, and there is no way to test it", so the compilation of the spectrum ended in the year of Hao Yi's death.Others, such as "The Chronicle of Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao" compiled by Huang Shengzhang, record the deeds of Zhao Mingcheng, an epigrapher in the Song Dynasty, and Li Qingzhao, a poetess.

There are family genealogy, such as "Lujiang Qian Family Chronicle", which is the family genealogy from the first year of Yuanyuan Tong (1333 AD) to the third year of Qing Xuantong (1911 AD). It was compiled by Qian Yiji and continued by Qian Junxiang, spanning more than 500 years. Some people who are engaged in common undertakings are compiled together into one spectrum, such as "The Chronicle of Mr. Fan Xiping Shi Dingyu (An) Er", which compiles two famous chess players in the Yongqian period into one spectrum.This notation adopts a table body, and the table is divided into four columns: the first record is the year, the second is the stem and branch, the second is the record of the main action, and the last record is the matter of playing chess. The content is brief and easy to review.Fang Zhuangyou (youyou) compiled "The Chronicle of the Second Li, the Chronicler of the Southern Song Dynasty", which is the combined score of Li Tao, the author of "Continued Zizhi Tongjian Changbian", and Li Xinchuan, the author of "Siniian Yaolu since Jianyan".

Liang Qichao, a modern scholar, advocated the combination of notation. He thought: "In the past, many people were in the same environment and engaged in the same kind of business. Instead of making a chronicle for each of them, it is better to combine it into one, which can save a lot of pen and ink and the reader's energy. " ("Supplement to the Chinese History Research Law") This is insightful.Of course, the combination must have suitable conditions, such as intimacy and common cause and so on.However, after all, there are only a small number of people who meet this condition, so the number of combined scores in the chronicles is far less than that of general scores and special scores.