Chapter 4 Section IV Genre
Chronicles can be roughly divided into four genres: literary notation, table notation, poetic notation and graphic notation:
This is the style used by most composers to narrate the life story of the music score owner in words.Some of them are based on the year, and the main deeds of the chronology are narrated in the next branch. Most of the chronology of this chronology is not too detailed and does not quote the original data; , or use double-line small print notes under the title to demonstrate the credibility of the notes, or write down the details of the notes in low format to make the story of the owner of the spectrum more complete, and some of them attach notes from the composer under the heading, Review notes and quotes.This kind of genealogy occupies the largest number of chronicles.There is also a very brief table of contents attached to the spectrum, which is often included in the table of contents of the collection of poems and essays. According to the chronology of the poems and essays, the deeds of the spectrum master in that year are briefly recorded, which is of great help to understand the background of the creation of the spectrum’s poems and essays. For example, Ren Yuan of Song Dynasty Huang Tingjian's "Inner Collection Notes on the Valley" and Shi Hong's "Outside Collection Notes on the Valley" both arrange Huang Tingjian's poems in volumes by year, and there are notes in the table of contents. The format is:
volume one
Wuwu, the first year of Yuanfeng
Is old, the valley is in Beijing.
Su Zizhan on Two Ancient Poems
...
Geng Shen in the third year of Yuanfeng
is old,...
The second rhyme is Wang Zhichuan's guest house two.
These records are relatively simple, but "Siku Quanshu Zongmu" highly recommends them. It is believed that there are records under the catalog, which can "make readers test their years and know their experiences, so as to find out the purpose of writing poems", and even evaluate them. "The goodness of annotations does not lie in the details of the annotations, but in the assessment of current events." This statement is reasonable for those who study poetry.Huang Juezi's "Xianping Shuwu Chu Ji Ji Ji Ji Ji" also adopted the notational style of anthology catalog with notes.
Tables and genealogy have the same origin, and many scholars in the Qing Dynasty held this view. For example, Wang Xisun believed that the chronology "is originally derived from the chronology" (preface to "Mr. He once said: "The chronology is to make up for the unpreparedness of the historians of the country and to add more details. I think this is the one who follows the method of the ten tables of the moving history and changes its shape." ("Yiweixuan Collection" Volume 5 ) Shen Tao even believes that "the expression is still a word, and the sound of the expression turns the ear".Chronicles expressed in the form of tables are relatively simple and easy to read, but their compilation methods are different.Some are still called chronicles and record events in columns. For example, "Wang Wei Chronicle" compiled by Zhao Diancheng in the Qing Dynasty is divided into four columns: year, current affairs, source, and poems. For the convenience of attaching the anthology of poems and essays to the existing chronicle, the narration-style chronicle was changed into a table-style chronicle. For example, Jin Rong of the Qing Dynasty once adapted it into a table-style chronicle based on Wang Shizhen’s self-compiled chronicle and Huidong’s supplementary notes. Genealogy, the table is divided into four columns: chronology, current affairs, source, and poems and writings. The description is brief and easy to read; 〕's "Customized Chronology", which is divided into upper and lower columns to record things, the content is brief.Huang Yongquan, a close friend, compiled the "Chronology of Fei Danxu" for Qing Dynasty painter Fei Danxu.Some modern works often have a chronology of the author's major events for review.
Some chronicles use poetic style to summarize the life story of the spectrum owner, such as "Nianpu Yunbian" compiled by Jin Zhijun in the early Qing Dynasty, which uses rhyme to describe his life experiences, which is a form of poetry. For example, the first paragraph records the situation since birth. Say:
This rhyme compilation is too vulgar, and it only gives a general overview of the deeds of a lifetime.Although some use poems to record things, they add more explanations to the text to form a combination of poetry and prose. For example, Wan Tinglan in the Qianjia Dynasty once compiled "Jianniancao" by himself, and wrote a poem every year, with a narrative attached to the lower frame. a paragraph.Later, Su Luji compiled 40 poems of "Jiu Zhai Chronicle Poems", which recorded his life experience, and wrote down the events in double-line small characters under the poems.Some poems are rich in content, and even comment on current events. For example, Fang Guanlan, a survivor in the early years of the Republic of China, compiled "Fang Shanshi's Chronicle Poems" by himself.His poems are quite profound, such as the attack on the failure of the Sino-Japanese War in the 20th year of Guangxu (AD 1894), expressing his views on the society at that time.
This is a genre in which the story of Puzhu's life is expressed in the form of pictures.It is mainly based on pictures, and is accompanied by poems or essays for illustration.For example, You Tong, a writer in the early Qing Dynasty, attached the "Chronicles and Poems" after compiling the "Chronicle of Hui'an" by himself. He chose the most important one in his life and drew 16 pictures to record the main activities of his life and set up a summary of major events. role.These 16 pictures and poems were produced because the owner of the spectrum felt that "the life stories are cumbersome and difficult to enumerate. I will pick out the larger ones and draw them as 16 pictures, each with a small poem to record the origin and the end, for self-entertainment, and also for others. offspring".When Qianjia scholar Tan Cui was 70 years old, his disciples drew "Mr. Mo Zhai's Life Map" for him.In the preface of the spectrum, the master claimed that he ordered his disciples to make a picture when he was 70 years old, briefly describing his life story. There are 16 pictures and 32 pictures in total, with one added at the beginning and the end. Deeds are indicated by the presence or absence of pictures, which cannot be narrated by year. The title of the picture is marked on the eyebrows of the spectrum, that is, the main purpose of the spectrum is the important deeds shown in the picture.In his later years, Lin Qing, who was a governor during Jiadao's time, selected important experiences in his life and asked others to draw and write his own pictorial marks as his own chronicle.Atlas is divided into three volumes, each with two volumes.The first episode is from birth to the ninth year of Daoguang (AD 1829) (39 years old), drawn by Wang Chunquan, a disciple, with a total of 78 frames, including one frame for the first and last title photos, totaling 80 frames; From the 20th year of Daoguang (AD 1840) (50 years old), painted by Chen Jian and Wang Qi, a total of 78 frames, the first and last two frames are 80 frames; the third episode starts from the 21st year of Daoguang (AD 1841) to Twenty-five years (AD 1845) (55 years old), still painted by Chen Jian and others, a total of 80 frames.The master of the spectrum died in the 26th year of Daoguang (AD 1846), that is, the year following the content of the map. It can be said that the map has included the life of the master of spectrum.Although this spectrum is not described year by year, it has a large number of pictures and is arranged in order of year, so it can be called a relatively complete spectrum.Linqing, the master of the spectrum, also claimed that his picture was a self-created chronicle. The "Tiyu Chronicle" written by his son Chongshi was recorded in the 30th year of Daoguang (AD 1850): "My father wrote "" Hongxue Karma Illustrated Notes was completed and sent from Yangzhou. This book is my father's life experience and my husband's travels to the mountains and rivers. They all made a picture, one for each picture, and wrote it by themselves. Brother Shi said: This is me. Create a unique style." Although the records in this map mainly focus on life experiences and the proud content of traveling in mountains and rivers, there are occasional records of current events, such as the pictorial notes of the first episode "Zhen Ze Zhan Long" In the eighteenth year of Jiaqing (AD 1813), Tianli believers invaded the palace on September 18th; the third episode "Heroic Invitation" records the story of Yijing mobilizing river soldiers and recruiting bravery during the Opium War, although the main purpose is not clear , but it also shows the profound impact of these events.Although the above-mentioned atlases are in order of the years, there is not a single spectrum for each year. The "Pictures of Fengsou's Eighty Experiences" drawn by Chen Zuoyi in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, from the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856 AD) to 1928, will be 80 years old. There is a map for each year in the remaining years, and the note below the map explains that, strictly speaking, the Chen family map can be regarded as the real map genre of the chronicle.