Chapter 3 Section III Editor

In the past, some people divided the editors of chronicles into four categories: self-compiled, family members, friends and descendants.Judging from the existing chronicles, these four types basically summarize the editors of the chronicles, so we will explain them accordingly: Some people think that the self-written chronicles began with Sima Qian's self-narration. For example, Huang Entong of the Qing Dynasty said in his preface to "Reminiscences of Thin Age": "In modern times, Qing doctors often write their own chronicles, and Gai Fang's self-narration by Tai Shigong has a long history Do.” This kind of statement is inaccurate, because “Taishi Gong’s Self-narration” is just an autobiography, not a chronicle.It is more reliable to say that the self-compiled chronicle was produced in the Song Dynasty. There are five volumes recorded in the catalog including Zhendexiu's "Zhenxishan Chronicle", and there is still Wen Tianxiang's "Ji Chronicle" that has been handed down to the present.The Chronicle of Xianjue written by You Fanghui in the Yuan Dynasty.There were even more in the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially in the Qing Dynasty, where self-compiled chronicles accounted for almost a quarter of all chronicles.In the Ming Dynasty, such as Wei Dazhong had a volume of "Kuoyuan Self-made Chronicle", Zheng Yan [manman] had a volume of "Tianshan Self-narrated Chronicle"; Self-made Chronicle", Yinghe has "Enfutang Chronicle", Zhang Jian has "Sie Weng's Custom Chronicle", etc.

Self-compiled chronicles are mainly to show off achievements and publicize achievements; To vent your anger. There are three different cases of self-compiled chronicles according to the writing method: A. Book by the owner of the spectrum: For example, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wu Zhuang wrote the "Sixty Years Self-Graduation" when he was 60 years old, recording his 60 years of experience, and the words were indignant at his failure to make a fortune in his life.Xu Zongqian, who was the governor of Fujian at the time of Jiaqing, wrote the "Chronology Customized by the Master of Siweixinzhai" to record his official history and boast of his honor and favor.The capitalist Rong Desheng's "Le Nong's Custom Year Chronicle" is a self-record of his fortune.

Some of these self-compiled chronicles happened to be written in the year of death, but most of them did not. It is only recorded that he was 56 years old in the second year of Xianfeng (1852 AD).After their death, most of their descendants did not add any additions but continued to publish them. B. The chronology is dictated by the pedigree owner and compiled by others: this type of chronology is called the chronology compiled by the pedigree owner, but in fact it is dictated by the pedigree owner and compiled into a chronology by the descendants or relatives.For example, "Wei Minguogong Chronicle" was dictated by the spectrum master Wei Xiangshu, compiled by Zi Xuecheng; Dictation, written by son-in-law Qu Xuanying, this is the only extant chronicle compiled by women.

C. The owner of the genealogy first made it himself, and then his descendants, relatives, disciples or other people added notes, edited and continued it: for example, Li Shixiong in the Ming and Qing Dynasties compiled it himself from the 30th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1602 A.D.) In the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1646 A.D.), the Qing army entered Changting, the Longwu regime in the Southern Ming Dynasty fell, and he lived in seclusion in the mountains and forests to stop writing.In the 25th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1686 A.D.), the master of spectrum died at the age of 85. His son Li Quan made up the narration from the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647 A.D.) to the year of his death.Another example is Wu Shengqin's "Baihua Chronicle", which was hand-written in the forty-fifth year of Qianlong (AD 1780), and was supplemented by his heir Jingshu in the fifteenth year of Jiaqing (AD 1835) until the eighth year of Jiaqing (AD 1828). Year) of the death of the spectrum master, and attached to the first volume of "Baihua Later Draft".Wang Shizhen's "Chronology of Yuyang Mountain People Self-Compiled" was supplemented by his disciple Hui Dong.Qian Daxin, a master historian of Qianjia, compiled his own chronicle until he was 65 years old in the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (AD 1792), titled "The Chronicle of Zhuting Layman", and his great-grandson Qian Qing once edited and continued the compilation, and the annotations were written after each article The details of the life and records of the people involved are filled in, and the writings of the master of the spectrum are occasionally quoted to note the events. The sequel is from the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong (AD 1793) to the year of the death of the master of spectrum, supplementing the records of the writings and friends, titled "Sequel to Chronicle of Jushi Zhuting", later published with the title "Chronology of Mr. Qian Xinmei".

Most of these are sons who wrote the genealogy for their father. For example, Zhou Lun from Song Dynasty compiled "Zhou Yiguo Wenzhonggong Chronicle" for his father Zhou Bida, Ni Zuchang compiled "Ni Wenjiegong Chronicle" for his father Ni Si, and Liu Yin from Yuan Dynasty compiled it for his father. Liu Shu edited the first volume of "Records of Xianjun", Wang Kaiyun of the Qing Dynasty compiled "Chronology of Wang Zhuang Jiegong" for his father Wang Wenxiong, Wang Daigong compiled "Chronology of King Xiangqifu" for his father Wang Kaiyun, etc.For the rest, there were younger brothers who wrote the genealogy for their elder brothers. For example, Wei Shi [shishi] of the Song Dynasty compiled the Chronicle of Wenjiegong for his brother Wei Jing, Wang Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty compiled the Chronicle of Wang Kaogong for his brother Shilu, and Wang Tingwei compiled the Chronicle of Wang Kaogong for his brother Wei Jing. (亻俊)〔Jun Jun〕 compiled "The Chronicle of Mr. Jieyan" and so on; some nephew compiled the spectrum for his uncle, such as Zhang Jiwen from the Qing Dynasty compiled "The Chronicle of the First Uncle Shizhou Gong" for his uncle Zhang Mu; a grandson Zeng compiled it for his ancestors For example, Song Dynasty Zhang Tongran compiled the "Chronology of Mr. Zhang Xiangong, Mr. Hengqu" for his ancestor Zhang Zai, and Huang (Ying word Qu Chongchang Tian) [yunyun] compiled the "Chronology of Mr. Valley" for his ancestor Huang Tingjian.Zhang Mu of the Qing Dynasty compiled "The History of the First Father Sizhou Prefecture" for his ancestor Zhang Peifen, Deng Bangkang compiled "The Chronicle of Deng Shangshu" for his great-grandfather Deng Tingzhen, and Zha Shenxing's great-grandson Jingzhang compiled "Mr. Cha Tashan Chronology of Wen Duan Gong compiled by Qian Zhicheng, the sixth grandson of Qian Chenqun, based on the incomplete manuscript of Chen Qun’s great-grandson Qian Yiji; "Chronology" and "Chronology of Xiantai Ruren" edited by Lu Jilue; those who have their husbands compiling for their wives, such as Mao Yuanxun compiling "Chronicle of Cold Boudoir" for his wife Xu; Chronicle of Uncle Yu Binghuai".

The so-called Yousheng refers to disciples and friends, etc. Among them, disciples often compile scores for teachers.Compilation of genealogy by disciples as masters began in the Song Dynasty, for example, Li Fangzi, a member of Zhu Xi's disciples, compiled the volume of "Zhu Wengong Chronicle".This trend was particularly prevalent in the Qing Dynasty, for example, Dong Bingchun compiled the "Quan Xieshan Chronicle" for Quan Zuwang, and Duan Yucai compiled the "Mr. Dai Dongyuan Chronicle" for Dai Zhen.Some are collectively compiled by disciples, such as Tan Cui's "Mr. Mo Zhai's Life Map" written by a disciple in southern Yunnan, and Liang Shiyi's "Mr. Liang Yansun Chronicle" written by Fenggang and his disciples; some disciples and family members jointly edited For example, the eight volumes of "Disciples of Leitang Temple" compiled by Ruan Yuan during the Qianjia period, the first and second volumes were written by Zhang Jian, the disciple, the third and fourth volumes were written by his son Ruan Changsheng, the fifth and sixth volumes were written by his son Ruan Fu, and the seventh volume was written by his disciple Ruan Fu. It was written by Zi Ruan Konghou, and the eighth volume was written by Liu Xinghou, a junior student; there are books compiled by the master and his disciples, such as the second volume of "Mr. In the second volume, disciples Shen Mingyang and Qin Lan reedited the self-records of the master; some compiled scores for friends, such as Wang Yongqi compiled "Mr. Taishu Hu's Chronicle" for Hu Baozhen [quanquan], and Qian Xuantong compiled "Zuo 〔an'an〕Chronology'; there are Mukes who edited the scores for the government, such as Han Chao's disciple Chen Changyun compiled the Nanxi Hangong Chronicle for him, and Li Xubin's disciple Fu Lin compiled the Li Zhongwugong Chronicle for him. Another example is Shen Zuxian and Wu Kaisheng who edited "The Disciples of Rong'an" for Yuan Shikai. From the title of the book, it seems that the disciples compiled the scores for their teachers, but in fact there is no relationship between master and apprentice, but the aides are the chief editors of the scores.

This is a category with a large number of chronicles in the initial stage. Famous writers such as Tao Yuanming, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Du Fu all have chronicles written by Song people.This was supplemented by later generations to study the life and achievements of literati and scholars.Most of the score writers are scholars with a certain academic level.Since the Qing Dynasty, with the development of academic research, there have been a large number of such chronicles.Most of the famous scholars in various academic fields in the Qing Dynasty had their descendants compile their deeds according to the year and compile them into a chronicle.For example, bibliographer Miao Quansun edited the Chronicle of Mr. Xu Xingbo for geographer Xu Song, arithmetician Li Yan compiled the Chronicle of Mei Wending for mathematical scientist Mei Wending, and historian Huang Yunmei compiled the Chronicle of Mr. Shao Eryun for historian Shao Jinhan. , The philologist Liu Pansui compiled the Chronicle of Mr. Duan Yucai for the philologist Duan Yucai.There are even foreign scholars who compose chronicles for Chinese scholars and literati, such as the Chronicle of Shen Yue, Chronicle of Li Zhuowu and Chronicle of Wumei Village compiled by Japanese Suzuki Torao, Chronicle of Gu Qianli and Chronicle of Jiang Jiang edited by Kiichiro Kanda. The Chronicle of Mr. Jin San, and the Chronicle of Mr. Liu Mengzhan compiled by Bunshiro Ozawa.Another example is the four volumes of "Confucius Shiji" compiled by the Korean Yuan Yongyi, which is also a kind of Confucius Chronicle.

The above four categories can basically include editors of chronicles.Just because there are such a large number of chronicle editors, the chronicle has a wider scope, more quantity and rich content than other works, and it plays an important role in the research work.