Chapter 6 Section 6 Publishing and Dissemination
There are roughly four ways of publishing and disseminating chronicles:
It includes manuscripts written by the composer himself and supplemented by others.The chronology is self-made by the owner of the genealogy, and most of the records are what he has seen and heard and his personal experience, and because it is an unpublished manuscript, most of them have not had time to revise, and the facts are less obscure and easy to get.For example, He Baolin's Self-made Chronicle of Hui'an, which is in the Tianjin Library, was written in the transitional period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Although it is not long, the content is quite useful for reference.Its article in the second year of the Republic of China (1913 A.D.) records that on the first day of August of this year, when Zhang Xun and others entered Nanjing, they "looted wantonly, and no merchant's family was immune, and some even robbed three or five times in a row."The atrocities of the Beiyang Army can be seen.However, there are also some self-made chronicle manuscripts that are meaningless, such as the manuscript of "Yanqiu Shanguan Custom Chronicle" collected by Nankai University. Calendar and rural affairs, there is no one to choose from.There are two different cases of manuscripts supplemented by others. One is supplementary chronicles that have not been written by predecessors, and the other is those that have been written by predecessors and are additionally written or updated.Most of these manuscripts are manuscripts whose editors are yet to be published, and the content and text need to be revised. For example, Wang Hanzhang, a scholar in Tianjin, wrote many kinds of histories in his life, including "The First Draft of Liu Jizhuang's Chronicle", "Ji Xiaolan's Chronicle", "Mr. Shengyiyuan's Chronicle", " Chronicle of the Dunsou in Tiannan", etc.After Wang's death, all the manuscripts belonged to the Tianjin Library.Carefully inspecting each spectrum, the content has been supplemented or updated, but they are all too simple.Another example is "Huang Jiuyan Chronicle" and "Reedited Tang Wenzheng Gong Chronicle" edited by Chen Naiqian, both of which can be found in "Gongdu Lousuo Chronicle List" edited by Chen, and the words "manuscript to be published" are marked. Most of the annals and catalogs are recorded according to Chen catalogues, but the status of their entry into Tibet is unknown.
Although some manuscripts are found in the description, it is known that the original manuscript has been lost, such as "Fangwangxi Chronicle" compiled by Wang Zhaofu, according to the preface and this spectrum of "Fangwangxi Chronicle" compiled by Su Dun [dun ton] Yuan In Dai Junheng's preface, it is clearly pointed out that "there is no handed down copy of Wang's Fang Pu", and "the world has never seen it", which proves that Wang's Fang Pu has been lost.
Some manuscripts are of relatively low value as historical materials because there are other manuscripts and printed copies. For example, the Chronicle of Mr. Suiyuan compiled by Fang Junshi. There are two types of prints in the bookstore and the "Modern Celebrities Chronicle Series".
Some manuscripts are unfinished, such as the manuscript of "Chronology of Zhang Qiuyan" in the Shanghai Library.The preface of this spectrum was written when he was 60 years old in the 43rd year of Qianlong (1778 A.D.). A close examination of this genealogy reveals that it was actually written down to the 29th year of Qianlong (1764 A.D.).
There are transcripts and manuscripts.
Some manuscripts are copied according to manuscripts. For example, the four volumes of "Xiangqin Bo'e Wenduan Gong Chronicle" in the Beijing Library are an old manuscript with rough writing and poor calligraphy, so it is not a good manuscript.Li Zhongwen's "Self-reported Chronicle of the Master of the House of Ten Years of Reading" in the Shanghai Library, according to the language knowledge written by Xu Guren after the spectrum, it is known that this spectrum is copied from the Hanfenlou collection by Xu's biography.
Some manuscripts have correct calligraphy and clear copying, which are very similar to Qing manuscripts, but they are actually Qing manuscripts, such as "Shuizhu Village People's Chronicle Draft" newly edited by He Pei in the Beijing Library and Ye Boying's "Gengjingtang Chronicle" This is the case. There is a note on the cover of "Shuizhu Village People's Chronicle Draft", which says: "The original blanks are empty, and the red circles are blanks, and all annotations are double lines."This note shows that this manuscript is different from the original, which can prove that it is a manuscript.Because the copy is clear and correct, it is called Qing manuscript.As for "Gengjingtang Chronicle", I once had a copy (burned during the Cultural Revolution), with clear strokes and neat binding. It is exactly the same, so it can be seen that it is a clear copy that was sent to others after the owner of the spectrum was finalized.
Generally speaking, most mimeographs have basically been finalized, but they are still ready to solicit comments for supplementary revisions, so the mimeographs are distributed; some or the finished manuscripts have no chance of being published, and a small amount of mimeographs are distributed first, so as to preserve them.
Some mimeograph methods are engraved mimeographs, such as "The Chronicle of Tao Wenyi Gong" compiled by Wang Huancai for Tao Shu (shu Shu), the governor of the Qianjia period in the Qing Dynasty;
Some chronicles were not published by the original editors, but by later generations. For example, the Chronicle of Hong Chengchou compiled by France was not mimeographed at that time, but by later generations because Hong Chengchou was an important villain in the early Qing Dynasty, but it was not worthy of official publication. It was published and printed, so it was typed and mimeographed to circulate.Although the owners of some genealogy are not very important, there are many historical materials recorded in the genealogy, such as Zhao Shouchun's "Chronicle of Xuehong Mountain Museum", which was originally a manuscript in the library of Sun Yat-sen University.The owner of the spectrum, Zhao Shouchun, was born in Xianfeng, Daoguang, Qing Dynasty. He had been a curtain guest in Daofu, prefecture and county of Jiangsu for many years. The materials related to , Xiaodaohui and Qianqianhui can be used for reference, but there is no need for a large number of publications. Therefore, in 1958, Guangzhou Ancient Books Bookstore copied the manuscripts mimeographed for professional use.
Most of the chronicles are officially published and printed in various ways. There are exquisite engravings, such as the "Yuyangshanren Self-written Chronicle" attached to Wang Shizhen's "Yuyangshanren Essence Record Notes"; Woodcuts are the most numerous; others include wooden movable type, lithographs, and printed books.These prints were distributed in four different forms of circulation.
The published chronicles constitute a book of their own, and those that circulate independently are called monographs.Some of them are printed by the owner himself or his family, which are called family engraved editions or family imprinted editions. There are a lot of them. For example, Zhao Guang’s "Zhao Wenke Gong’s Self-made Chronicle" is a family engraved edition in the 16th year of Guangxu; some are also printed by others and bookstores. For example, "The Chronicle of Mr. Bozhai" edited by Chen Xunzhe for Tang Zhongli was published by Chengdu Fuzhen Bookstore in 1928.
The combined edition is different from the combined score.The joint edition is to publish together several single genealogies with similar or similar deeds of the main genealogy, but still maintain their independence. The single-line scores are published together.This kind of joint journal represents the views of the co-journalists on the authors of the single-spectrum spectrum, at least that they are academically similar or similar.
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the series of books has become more and more prosperous, and some series of books have included various chronicles. For example, in the "Jiayetang Series" in the Qing Dynasty, there are Zha Jizuo, Yan Ermei, Gu Yanwu, Zha Shenxing, Li E, Qu Zhongrong, Li Zhaoluo, Xu Tongbai, Chronicle of Zhang Jinwu et al.Others such as "Jifu Series" and "Shanyou Series" also have more chronicles.
Some chronicles are not single-line, but attached to other albums, genealogies and newspapers.Among them, most of them are attached to the collection of poems and essays. For example, "Chen Xingzhai Chronicle" compiled by Chen Yusheng is attached to "Zizhushanfang Poetry and Prose Collection" compiled by Chen Zhaolun [lun Lun]; Yan Rong's "Mr. Shu'an Chronicle" That is, it is attached to the front volume of "Chunrongtang Collection" written by Wang Chang, the master of the spectrum.Anthologies of poetry and essays published after liberation are often attached with chronicles, such as "Zheng Banqiao Collection" with "Zheng Banqiao Chronicle"; "Pu Songling Collection" with "Mr. Pu Liuquan Chronicle".
The chronology attached to the genealogy has not been noticed by people, but in fact there are often useful chronologies, such as "Zhuang Heng's Self-narrated Chronicle" in Volume 12 of "Pilingzhuang Family Genealogy", the owner of the genealogy is Zhuang Heng. It records the living conditions of the elderly and the changes in their family background; the same volume of "A Brief Chronicle of Xu Yuanfu" is the chronicle of Zhuang Zhaokui, who served as the governor of Guangdong during Qianlong's time.In addition, "The Genealogy of the Tang Family in Piling" contains the "Chronology of Tang Gong, Sima Jimen, the Great Qing Dynasty", and the owner of the genealogy is Tang Zhiyu, the official secretary of the Ministry of Punishment during the Kangxi and Yongyang periods. There are two kinds of "Huating Wang's Genealogy", Wang Xingyao's "Self-reported Chronicle of the Master of Suigao Garden" and Wang Qingrui's "Self-reported Suffering Conditions of the Master of Hexian Thatched Cottage".
As for the chronicles published in newspapers, most of them were written by people after the Revolution of 1911.This batch of chronology is scattered in various newspapers and periodicals, and reference books such as newspaper indexes can be used to seek books.
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