Chapter 26 Section 6 Mausoleum of King Liang of the Western Han Dynasty in Mount Mang, Yongcheng, Henan

Liang State, which was enfeoffed in the Western Han Dynasty, was located in Shangqiu, Henan Province today, and its royal family tombs are all on Mount Mangdang, Yongcheng, east of Shangqiu City. Mangdang Mountain is composed of surrounding hills such as Baoan Mountain, Xi Mountain, Huangtu Mountain, Fuzi Mountain, Tiejiao Mountain, Ma Mountain, Tao Mountain and Mo Mountain. From 1987 to 1991, he investigated and excavated in the Liang Wangling area of ​​Mangdang Mountain, Yongcheng, Shangqiu, Henan.The tomb of King Liang Xiao, located in the middle of the mountainside in the eastern part of Baoan, is the largest and most complex stone tomb among the tombs of the Liang kings that have been discovered in Mount Mangdang.It is also the earliest large-scale stone royal tomb discovered in my country.The tomb faces east and was built by digging a mountain. The total length from east to west is nearly 60 meters, and the widest part is about 30 meters.It is composed of tomb passage, guard room, tomb gate, carriage and horse room, enjoyment hall, main room, inner room, suite, corridor, corner room and drainage system.It embodies the symmetry of Chinese palace architecture.

More than 2,000 pieces of gilt [liu liu] gold-bronze chariot and horse ornaments were unearthed from the tomb. Persimmon Garden (in the southeast of Liang Xiaowang's tomb) is a large stone tomb in the Western Han Dynasty.The tomb passage is about 30 meters long, 5.5 meters wide and about 10 meters deep.More than 2,500 yellow sausage stones were used to seal the tomb passages and corridors.There are many characters engraved on the stones, and the word "Zhenwang" is engraved on one of the stones.It provided clues for identifying the owner of the tomb.The tomb consists of three tomb gates, a 22-meter-long ramp, eight ear chambers and one main chamber.There are huge murals painted on the top of the main chamber.A huge dragon is painted in the middle of the mural, and above the dragon, there is a red bird jumping with the dragon.Below the dragon, draw a white tiger.In front of the dragon's head, there is a small animal with a bird's head, a snake's body, and two tails, and the front, back and bottom of the dragon are lined with flowing clouds.It is a relatively large and high-level mural treasure found so far.The whole picture is dominated by red, and the frame is located on the left side of the main room, which reflects the custom of the Chu people to respect red and respect the left.

The tomb has been stolen long ago, and 43 painted figurines of gatekeepers, ladies and horses, and more than 10,000 pieces of gilt-bronze chariot and horse ornaments such as collars and horse titles have been recovered.A money cellar was unearthed on the west side of the tomb gate, containing about 2.25 million pieces of half taels and elm pod coins. Mount Xi, a stone-chambered tomb in the Western Han Dynasty, in which a set of extremely precious gold-threaded jade clothes was unearthed.It shows that it should be the tomb of a certain Liang king. From 1992 to 1994, excavations were carried out in the Mausoleum of Liang Wang in Mangdang Mountain, Yongcheng, and the foundation site of Liang Xiaowang's dormitory was discovered. The plane is rectangular, 110 meters long from north to south, and 60 meters wide from east to west.The seat faces south.It is composed of gate, vestibule, sleeping hall, cloister, front hall, back room, kitchen, surrounding wall and complete drainage system.The front and back two parts are mainly composed of the sleeping hall and the "hall", and the layout is symmetrical.It is the only well-preserved building base of the king's dormitory garden in the Western Han Dynasty found in my country.Building materials such as tiles of the Han Dynasty with the words "Xiaoyuan" were unearthed in the dormitory garden.

The dormitory garden should have been built in the period of Emperor Jing and Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, and was abandoned in the late Western Han Dynasty.