Chapter 18 S

Fortress: frontier fortress.Weng: Old man.It is a metaphor that good and bad depend on each other, and bad things turn into good things. "Huainanzi Human World": "The people near the fortress have good skills, and the horse dies for no reason and enters the Hu... Therefore, blessings turn into disasters, and disasters turn into blessings. The transformation is unpredictable and unfathomable." "Huainanzi Human World" tells such a story: Near the frontier, there lived an old man who was good at calculating and planning.One day, their domestic horse ran to the Hu people outside the border for no reason, and all the villagers came to express their sympathy for him.The old man said: "Let the horse run away. Isn't this a good thing?" After a few months, the horse that ran away came back again, and brought several other horses with it. People were very envious and came to congratulate him.The old man said again: "There are a few more horses, isn't this a disaster?" Because there are a few more good horses in the house, his son likes to gallop on horseback, but once he fell off the horse and broke Broken thigh, became a disabled person.The villagers felt very sorry again, and all came to visit.The old man said again: "Isn't it a good thing to break your thigh and become a lame?" After another year, the barbarians outside the Great Wall attacked on a large scale, and the imperial court recruited soldiers, and all strong adult men raised their knives Take a gun, open a bow and shoot arrows on the battlefield.After the battle, nine out of ten people living near the frontier died on the battlefield, but the old man's son was able to save his life because he did not go to the battlefield because of his lame leg.

After telling this story, "Huainanzi" sighed that disaster and happiness can be transformed into each other, but how to transform is unpredictable.Blessings can turn into disasters, and disasters can also turn into blessings. Their changes cannot be explored, and their depths cannot be exhausted. A blessing in disguise He didn't get into college, but he worked hard and learned by himself, which is really a blessing in disguise. Gu: to visit; to visit.Thatched cottage: thatched cottage.This refers to Liu Bei visiting Zhuge Liang three times and not seeing him until the third time.Later, it is used as a metaphor for a sincere invitation to talents.

"Three Kingdoms Shu Zhi Zhuge Liang Biography": "The minister is a commoner, and he works in Nanyang. Gou Quan lives in troubled times, and does not seek to be famous to the princes. The first emperor did not think that his ministers were despicable, and he was in vain. He paid three visits to his ministers in the cottage, I consulted the affairs of the present, and I was grateful, so Xu Xiandi used it to drive away. Later, when the time was overturned, when the army was defeated, and when I was ordered to be in danger, it has been twenty years since then." Zhuge Liang had outstanding talent and heroic spirit when he was young.He was tall and burly, and people at the time thought he was unusual.At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in turmoil. Zhuge Liang followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan to seek refuge in Jingzhou.At that time, Liu Bei also went into exile in Jingzhou and stationed in Xinye. Hearing about Zhuge Liang's extraordinary talents, he felt a sense of gratitude. He accepted Xu Shu's suggestion and visited him in person. He went there three times before finally meeting him.It was in the middle of winter at that time, Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation of the world for Liu Bei, and pointed out the way for Liu Bei to succeed. This is the famous "Longzhong strategy".Afterwards, Zhuge Liang served the Kingdom of Shu all his life, stabilizing the Kingdom of Shu, uniting Sun Wu, fighting against strong Cao, and revitalizing the Han Dynasty. He became a famous statesman, military strategist and loyal minister during the Three Kingdoms period.After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Chan, the queen master.During a Northern Expedition to Cao Wei, Zhuge Liang wrote a letter to Liu Chan, "Teacher's List", which read: "I was originally an ordinary person, living a life of farming in Nanyang, and only hoped to preserve my life in troubled times. I hope to be appreciated by all the lords. The late emperor Liu Bei didn't feel that my status was low, so he condescended to visit my thatched hut three times to ask for my views on the world's major affairs. As a result, I was moved in my heart and agreed to the late emperor's invitation to follow him here and there. Let’s go and serve our country.” "Being a Teacher" is sincere and touching, and has become a famous article that has been recited through the ages.

Lixian Corporal Reject people thousands of miles The principal visited the thatched cottage three times and sincerely invited Mr. Li to preside over the work of the third grade. order: order.Shen: Warning.Describe repeated orders and warnings. "Historical Records: Biography of Sun Tzu Wuqi": "The restraint is established, but the ax is set up, that is, repeated orders and five orders." Sun Wu was a famous military strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was received by King Helu of Wu because of his proficiency in the art of war.He Lu said: "I have read all the thirteen articles on the art of war you wrote. Can you use them for training?" Sun Wu said: "Yes." He Lu said: "Can you use women to try?" He also said: "Yes." So He Lu asked Sun Wu to train the 180 beauties in his harem.

Sun Wu divided the court ladies into two teams, and let the two concubines favored by King Wu serve as captains respectively, and asked each court lady to hold a halberd.Sun Wu ordered: "Do you know your heart, left and right hands, and your back?" All the court ladies said they knew.Sun Wu also said: "Looking forward, you are looking in the direction of your heart; turning left, you are turning toward your left hand; turning right, you are turning toward your right hand; turning backward, you are turning toward your back." The maids replied: "Yes." After the rules were announced, Sun Wu ordered the ax and other instruments of torture to be placed, and then beat the drums to order to turn right, and the maids laughed.Sun Wu said: "It is the general's fault that the rules and orders are not clear." So he announced the orders and rules again and again, and then ordered them to turn left with drums, and the maids laughed again.Sun Wu said: "The rules and orders have been clearly explained. If you don't obey the orders, it is the fault of the captain and the soldiers." So the two captains were killed.Seeing that Sun Wu wanted to kill his concubine, the King of Wu hurriedly sent someone to convey the order: "I already know that you are good at using soldiers. Without these two concubines, I can't feel the sweetness of my meal. I hope you don't kill them." Sun Wu replied: "Since I have been ordered to be a general, then the general is in the army, and the monarch's order will not be accepted." So he killed the two captains to show the public, and re-elected the captain.At this time, the drums were played again, and the maids advanced and retreated neatly, and their movements met the requirements, and no one dared to make a sound.

Before the summer vacation, the homeroom teacher made repeated orders, asking the students not to go to Internet cafes during the holidays. It is a metaphor that repeating a rumor many times can make people believe it is true. "Han Feizi Nei Chu Shuo 1": "It is clear that there are no tigers in Husband City, but three people talk about it and become a tiger." During the Warring States Period, in order to win the trust of each other, the countries that formed an alliance had to send clan relatives as hostages to each other.After the alliance between Wei State and Zhao State, the king of Wei State wanted to send the prince to Handan, the capital of Zhao State, as a hostage, accompanied by Minister Pang Gong.Pang Gong knew that King Wei was easy to listen to slander, so he hoped to persuade King Wei.Before leaving, he asked King Wei: "If someone said that there are tigers in the market, would you believe it?" King Wei said, "I don't believe it." Do you believe it?" King Wei said, "I still don't believe it." Pang Gong asked again: "If the three people say that there are tigers in the street market, would you believe it?" King Wei said, "I believe it." Pang Gong said: "The street market It is obvious that there are tigers in the world, but when three people say that there are tigers, you will think that there are tigers. Now Handan is much farther away from Wei than it is from the market. There must be more than three people who say bad things about me. I hope you can hear it Analyze their words carefully." The king of Wei said, "I know this, so you can rest assured!" However, as Pang Gong expected, the king of Wei still listened to the slander.Pang Gong never saw the king of Wei after returning from Handan.

All mouths make gold If the government does not release reliable information, three people will become tigers, and rumors will be everywhere. It originally refers to a person who knows etiquette and has a sense of propriety when he is around 30 years old.It is later used to indicate that people should achieve something around the age of thirty. "The Analects of Confucius for Politics": "When I am ten, I am determined to study; at thirty, I stand up; It is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his main students. It was compiled by Confucius' disciples and his disciples. There are 20 chapters from "Xue Er" to "Yao Yue".

In the second chapter "Wei Zheng", Confucius has a passage that roughly describes the various stages of his life, teaching students to have harvests at each stage.He said: "When I was fifteen, I made up my mind to study; when I was thirty, I learned etiquette, and I was able to speak and do things with confidence; when I was forty, I mastered all kinds of knowledge, so I didn't get confused; at fifty At the age of sixty, one understands the mandate of heaven; at the age of sixty, one can distinguish truth from falsehood and judge right from wrong by listening to other people's words; at the age of seventy, one can do as one pleases without transgressing the rules."

They all made contributions in their twenties, and won the Nobel Prize in their thirties. It can be said that they stand in their thirties. It is a metaphor for a person who has lost support, has nowhere to go, or is panic-stricken. "Historical Records: The Family of Confucius": "There are people in the east gate. Their mantles are like Yao, their necks are like Gaoyao, and their shoulders are like sons. However, they are less than three inches below Yu, and they are as numerous as a homeless dog." In the Spring and Autumn Period, the rites collapsed and the music was broken. Confucius took his disciples to travel around the world and spread his benevolent government theory everywhere. Unfortunately, few people accepted his ideas.In the third year of Duke Ai of Lu (492 B.C.), Confucius traveled around to the State of Song after leaving the State of Cao, and practiced Zhou rituals with his disciples under a big tree to promote his ideas.Sima (senior official in charge of military administration and military affairs) Huan Kui of the Song State hated Confucius very much. He was about to kill him, so he sent someone to pull down the big tree first.When Confucius saw that the situation was not good, he hurriedly scattered and fled with his disciples.In the chaos, Confucius and his disciples got separated.Confucius ran to the state of Zheng and stood alone at the east gate of the city wall.Zi Gong, a student of Confucius, inquired about the whereabouts of Confucius, and a man of the state of Zheng told him: "There is a man standing at the east gate. His forehead looks like Tang Yao's, his neck looks like Gao Yao's, and his shoulders look like Zichan's. His feet were three inches shorter than Dayu's. He panicked, like a stray dog ​​that no one wants." Zi Gong knew that this was his teacher, and immediately ran to Confucius.

As soon as the revolution came, the gentlemen immediately became desperate and tied their pigtails on top of their heads. Lost mind, confused.Describe the words and deeds as absurd and hateful. "Song History Fan Rugui Biography": "The public is not insane, what can I do for this? It will leave a bad smell forever!" Fan Rugui was born in Jianyang, Jianzhou (now Fujian) during the Southern Song Dynasty.When I was young, I studied "Spring and Autumn" with my uncle Hu Anguo.Later, he passed the Jinshi examination and entered the official career.When Fan Rugui first arrived in office, the local governor was about to execute the prisoner. Fan Rugui pointed out the mistakes, but the governor believed that the signed documents could not be changed.Fan Rugui said seriously: "How can you despise the lives of several people because you are afraid of changing a word?" The officer suddenly came to his senses under Fan Rugui's enlightenment and followed his advice.From then on, Fan Rugui's opinions had to be consulted on all matters in the government.

At that time, Qin Hui strongly advocated peace negotiations with Jin in the court and compromised with Jin.When envoys from the Kingdom of Jin came to the Kingdom of Song and had no place to live, Qin Hui wanted to evacuate the imperial secretary province to let them live.Fan Rugui immediately met Prime Minister Zhao Ding and said: "The Secretary's Office is the place where the emperor's edicts are stored. Can the enemy live there?" Zhao Ding was ashamed and had to change the guest house.Later, the envoys of the Kingdom of Jin were very arrogant, and many of the suggestions they put forward could not be followed. Everyone inside and outside the court felt resentful and depressed.Fan Rugui and more than a dozen colleagues discussed the matter together, preparing to discuss this matter with Shangshu. After writing a draft, most of the colleagues were afraid and quit.Fan Rugui wrote alone to accuse Qin Hui of distorting academic theory, betraying his teacher, and forgetting the crime of insulting the country by the enemy. He also said: "If you were not irrational and insane, how could you do such a thing? You will be infamous forever!" Qin Hui was very angry .In the end, Fan Rugui insisted on drafting the memorial and submitted it to the emperor together with six upright historians, which won everyone's respect. Conscience The Japanese army slaughtered tens of thousands of innocent people frantically. Li: Serious, severe.Eren: weak, cowardly.Tough on the outside but cowardly on the inside. "The Analects of Confucius Yanghuo": "Sharp in appearance but soft on the inside, like villains, is it like a thief who wears clothes?" Confucius said: "A man with a stern look and a cowardly heart, using a villain as a metaphor, is probably like a thief who drills a hole in a wall!" This metaphor of Confucius is very apt.In Confucius' view, a person who is harsh and soft on the inside is like a villain with low moral character.Although the villain may not always do bad things everywhere, his heart is full of anxiety all day long, just like a thief who drills a hole in a wall, behaves sneakily and sneakily, always worried that his secrets will be seen through.If the heart is not right, the behavior will naturally not be generous. Strong outside but dry in the middle Quite a few of the minions of imperialism are vicious. To smear charcoal: fall into the mud, fall into the fire pit.Describe the situation in which the people are in extreme hardship. "Book of Jin Fu Pi Zai Ji": "The first emperor Yan drove the bandit court, the capital Ju was the Rong cave, China was in depression, and the people were in dire straits." During the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Later Yan and Later Qin attacked the former Qin Dynasty. The former Qin Emperor Fu Jian escaped from the capital and was captured by the Later Qin King Yao Chang.Yao Chang forced Fu Jian to hand over the emperor's seal, but Fu Jian refused and was hanged to death.After Fu Jian's death, his subordinate Youzhou Inspector Wang Yong supported his son Fu Pi to succeed him, and Fu Pi appointed Wang Yong as Prime Minister of Zuo.Wang Yong organized an armed crusade against Yao Chang of the Later Qin Dynasty and Murong Chui of the Later Yan Dynasty. He said in the crusade: "The first emperor Fu Jian died in the hands of the enemy, the capital fell, the whole country was in a state of depression, and the people were in dire straits." Described Fu Pi's virtues, reprimanded Yao Chang and Murong Chui's brutality, and called on all princes, prefects and county governors, as well as armed local forces, to care about the country and fight against powerful enemies together.The crusade was relatively smooth at the beginning, but later Wang Yong was defeated and died. Fu Pi was ambushed and killed by the generals of the Eastern Jin Dynasty on the way to escape, and the former Qin Dynasty perished. Years of war and turmoil have shattered the mountains and rivers of Afghanistan, and the lives of the people have been devastated. The people of Li are miserable and yearn for peace. Metaphor blunt plagiarism or mechanical imitation.It also refers to not connecting with reality, and copying other people's theories, experiences, methods, etc. mechanically. Tang Dynasty Liu Su's "New Words of the Tang Dynasty: Humorous": "There is Zhang Huaiqing, the captain of Zaoqiang, who is good at stealing articles from famous scholars... People call it a proverb: 'Slay Wang Changling alive, and swallow Guo Zhengyi alive.'" Li Yifu in the Tang Dynasty once wrote a poem: "Embrace the moon to make a singing fan, and cut the clouds to make a dance dress. Self-pity returns to the snow shadow, so that I can take Luochuan back." At that time, Zhang Huaiqing, the county captain of Zaoqiang County, Hebei, liked to plagiarize the poems and essays of famous people. After changing his appearance, he took it as his own. He modified Li Yifu's poem a little, and added two words before each sentence: "The moon is carved into a singing fan with love, and the clouds are made into dance clothes with intention. Look in the mirror and feel sorry for yourself and return to the snow shadow." , it’s time to take Luochuan back.” In this way, Li Yifu’s five-character poem was changed into a seven-character poem, pretending to be his own. People at the time looked down on Zhang Huaiqing's despicable behavior, and they laughed at him as "slaying Wang Changling alive and swallowing Guo Zhengyi alive".Wang Changling was a famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty, known as the "Seven Masters".Guo Zhengyi was also a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty. He was very talented when he was young. He later served as the Minister of Zhongshu. "Strip Wang Changling alive and swallow Guo Zhengyi alive" is a vivid portrayal of Zhang Huaiqing's plagiarism and imitation. Mastery When I was not grown up and could read very little, I read novels raw. Reputation: Fame.Messy: messy, unmanageable.Described as misbehaving and having a very bad reputation. "Historical Records: Biography of Meng Tian": "These four monarchs are all big losers, but the world is wrong, and their monarchs are unknown, so they belong to the princes." After Qin Shihuang died during his tour, under the planning of Zhao Gao and Li Si, the original successor Fusu was abolished and Hu Hai succeeded him.As soon as Qin II came to power, Zhao Gao used Hu Hai's hand to order his son to help Su, and the generals Meng Tian and Meng Yi committed suicide.The Montessori brothers didn't believe it and asked for an appeal.Hu Hai sent someone to say to Meng Yi: "The first emperor, the first emperor, wanted to establish a prince, but you criticized him, so that the crime implicated your clan. I can't bear it. It is very lucky that you only committed suicide by yourself. You should consider Take a moment." Meng Yi said, "I have followed the Former Lord for many years, and I understand the former Lord's thoughts very well. Where did I speak against the First Lord when he chose the crown prince? I hope you will investigate carefully and let me die because of the truth. In the past, Qin Mugong killed the prince. Three good ministers were buried for him, but Baili Xi was innocent but imposed a crime on him, so the posthumous title of Duke Mu of Qin was "Miao". King Zhaoxiang killed Bai Qi, King Chu Ping killed Wu She, and King Wu Fu Chai killed Wu Zixu .These four monarchs have all committed serious mistakes, and the whole world criticizes them, thinking that they are not wise enough, so they have a very bad reputation in various countries. I hope you will take this as a lesson and carefully examine it.” The Meng brothers all argued hard, and although the emissary Knowing the secret, but under Hu Hai's order, he was finally killed. notorious respected He became notorious for plagiarizing other people's academic achievements. Division: Army.Originally said to send troops, but there is no legitimate reason.It was later also stated that he acted without valid reason. "Han Shu·Gao Di Ji 1": "Soldiers come out without names, and accidents fail." In the second year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (205 BC), it was the time when Chu and Han were fighting.In March of this year, Liu Bang, king of Han, crossed the Yellow River from Linjin. King Bao of Wei surrendered and led his troops to follow the king of Han.Later, Liu Bang captured Hanoi and established Hanoi County.Immediately afterwards, Chen Ping left Xiang Yu and surrendered to the King of Han.The king of Han talked with Chen Ping and was very happy, so he made him his escort to supervise the generals.The king of Han led his army across the Yellow River to Luoyang. The three elders of the new city Dong Gong stopped the king of Han and said: "I heard that 'those who follow virtue and justice will prosper, and those who violate virtue and righteousness will perish. will not succeed', so it is said that 'if he is a traitor, the enemy can be conquered'. Xiang Yu acted tyrannically and innocently, exiled the monarch who killed him, and was resented by the people of the world. Love does not rely on bravery, justice does not rely on violence, The soldiers of the three armies of the King of Han should wear filial piety for Emperor Yi, and tell the princes to attack Xiang Yu in the east in order to avenge Emperor Yi. In this way, all the people in the world will admire the King of Han for your virtue and righteousness." The King of Han said: "That's great. No. You and I haven’t heard such high opinions.” So the king of Han held a funeral for Emperor Yi, bared his left arm and cried loudly, held a public sacrifice for three days, and announced to the princes that they would join them in attacking Xiang Yu. Because Liu Bang was famous as a teacher, he won the support of various princes and laid the foundation for the final defeat of Xiang Yu. famous teacher It is doomed not to succeed without the support of the masses. Strains: stump.Guard the stump and wait for the rabbit to die on the stump.Later, it is used as a metaphor for sticking to a narrow experience without knowing how to adapt it. "Han Feizi·Five Beetles": "People in the Song Dynasty had plowers, and there were plants in the field. The rabbit ran away, touched the pillar and broke its neck, and died. The country laughs. Today, if you want to govern the people of this world with the government of the previous kings, you are all like sticking to the tree." Han Feizi at the end of the Warring States period said in "Five Beetles" that the sage does not expect to follow the example of the ancient times and not follow the fixed old rules, but to study the contemporary situation and take new measures.When explaining this principle, he gave an example: There was a man plowing the field in the state of Song. There was a tree stump in the field. A rabbit came running, hit the tree stump, broke its neck and died.From then on, he put down his farm tools and guarded the tree stump all day long, hoping to pick up the dead rabbit again.But in the end, he didn't pick up the rabbit, but he was ridiculed by the Song people.Now planning to use the methods of the previous kings to govern the people of the present age belongs to the category of waiting for rabbits! Carve the boat and ask for the sword Adapt to circumstances At present, some luxury stores are keen to do high-priced, high-profit business, and the salespersons are "waiting" in the face of empty stores, ready to catch the "big names" to make a big deal. A mouse's eyes can only see an inch away.short-sighted, short-sighted. Qing Jiang Shiquan's "Guilin Shuang Wanzhong": "My lord is open-minded and tolerant, but you are short-sighted and obsessed." Jiang Shiquan was the most famous dramatist in the Qianlong era. He wrote the legendary "Guilin Shuang" to promote loyalty, filial piety and righteousness. He wrote about the Kangxi era. Ma Xiongzhen, the governor of Guangxi, refused to follow Wu Sangui to plot rebellion. The whole family was imprisoned for four years. killed.In the section "Guilin Shuang Wanzhong", when the rebels persuaded them to surrender, they said: "Our lord is open-minded, but you are short-sighted, stubborn, insisting on mistakes and not understanding the truth." His son was killed at the same time, and more than 20 family members committed suicide at the same time. They were loyal to the country and achieved a generation of heroes. short-sighted Foresight He is not a far-sighted person, and he is short-sighted when looking at problems. Bundle things up and put them high up in the attic.The metaphor is discarded. "Book of Jin Yu Yi Biography": "Jingzhaodu and Chenjun Yinhao are both talented and famous, but Yifu is very important; everyone said: "This generation should be placed in a high cabinet, and when the world is peaceful, then discuss it as an ear .'" Yu Yi, courtesy name Zhigong, was a famous minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Yu Yi has a handsome appearance, and when he was young, he had a general idea of ​​managing the country and helping the world.At that time, Du Yi from Jingzhao and Yin Hao from Chenjun were famous for their talents, but Yu Yi didn't pay much attention to them. He often said to others: "This kind of people should be put aside for the time being. Let's talk about their appointments when the world is at peace." After Yu Yi served as the prefect, he appeased the people and won the hearts of the people.Later, he guarded Wuchang, an important town. Because he was very young and held a high position to take on important responsibilities, everyone paid close attention to him and thought he might be incompetent.But Yu Yi was diligent and courteous, never slack off, strict in military administration, and far-reaching in strategy.In a few years, he managed his jurisdiction in an orderly manner, and everyone praised his talent unanimously.Yu Yi was loyal to the country and took it as his mission to regain the north, but unfortunately died of illness at the age of forty-one. ignore Those outdated books have long been put on the shelf by me. Tube: brush, brush.This refers to holding a brush in each hand and drawing at the same time.Later is often used as a metaphor for two aspects or two things going on at the same time. Song Guo Ruoxu's "Pictures and News Records · Stories Supplements": "Tang Zhang Yuanwai's paintings of mountains, rivers, pine and rocks are famous in the world, especially for his paintings of pine. He can hold two pipes and draw them together at one time. One is for growing branches and the other is for dry , the wind and rain are overwhelming, and the haze is arrogant." Zhang Yu (zao), courtesy name Wentong, was born in Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), a painter in the Tang Dynasty.Because he served as a false post during the Anshi Rebellion, he was politically unhappy.But his level of painting was so high that Bi Hong, a famous painter at that time, was surprised to ask him where he learned it from. Zhang Tan is best at painting landscape paintings, and is especially famous for painting pine stones. His pine stone paintings often reveal unique images.Zhang Yan can paint with two brushes in one hand at the same time. What's even more peculiar is that the two brushes can draw different scenes at the same time. One paints fresh pine branches and the other paints dry tree trunks. Rain and haze.He can also paint directly on white silk with his hands dipped in ink. His paintings are rich in landscapes, heavy on inspiration and full of passion, and are representative of ink landscape paintings in the Tang Dynasty.At the same time, his creative method of "learn from nature, learn from nature" (learn from nature, and at the same time try to figure it out) and his painting idea of ​​unifying objective images and subjective emotions are of great significance in the history of Chinese art. It also has a great influence on the painting theory of later generations. go hand in hand He knocked on the door knocker lightly twice, and then gave a fake cough once or twice in a low voice, in order to do both, so as to attract the attention of the courtyard. The water keeps dripping, and the stone can be dripped through.It is a metaphor that as long as you persevere, you will accomplish unimaginable things for a long time. "Hanshu Meicheng Biography": "Mount Tai slips through the stone, the single pole breaks the dry, the water is not the drill of the stone, and the saw of the Sophie wood, so it is natural." Mei Cheng was a famous writer in the Western Han Dynasty. He was born in Huaiyin, Jiangsu Province.Before Liu Bi launched the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, Mei Cheng wrote a letter to discourage him from raising troops. During the rebellion, he also advised him to stop the army, but the King of Wu refused to listen.Later, King Wu's rebellion was put down, and Mei Cheng became famous. In the memorial to remonstrate Wu Wang Liu Bi's rebellion, Mei Cheng said: "There are foundations for blessings, and roots for disasters. Accept the foundations for blessings and eliminate the roots of disasters. Where did the disasters come from? Mount Tai The water flowing down can drip through the stone, and the rope of the pulley on the well can grind the wooden fence. The water itself is not a drill that can penetrate the hard rock, and the rope itself is not a saw that can cut through the wood. This is the result of gradual wetting and friction.” Mei Cheng hoped that King Wu would accumulate virtue, understand the dangers of abandoning righteousness and etiquette, think twice before acting, and nip mistakes in the bud before they happen.The king of Wu did not take his advice, so Mei Cheng left him and went to Liang. wire sawn wood one exposure ten cold Persistence is the most important thing in learning. After a long period of accumulation, the level will naturally improve. The stones are revealed after the water level drops.Later, it is used as a metaphor for the truth of things to be fully revealed. Song Ouyang Xiu's "Drunken Man's Pavilion": "The wild fragrance is fragrant, the beautiful trees are beautiful and the shade is luxuriant, the wind and frost are noble and clean, the water falls and the stone emerges, these are the four seasons in the mountains." Ouyang Xiu, courtesy name Yongshu, nicknamed Zuiweng, Liuyi Layman, was born in Jizhou (now Jiangxi).As one of the "Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties", a writer and historian of the Northern Song Dynasty.Ouyang Xiu wrote a large number of poems and prose during his more than two years as the magistrate of Chuzhou, Anhui, among which "Drunkard Pavilion" is the most popular. In this beautiful prose, the author wrote: "Chuzhou City is surrounded by green mountains, and the trees and valleys in the southwestern peaks of the city are especially beautiful. Looking from afar, the lush, deep and beautiful place is Langya Mountain. Walking six or seven miles along the mountain, you will gradually hear the gurgling sound of water, which is the brewing spring flowing from the middle of the two peaks. Between the winding mountain and the winding mountain road, there is a pavilion with four corners raised, like The bird spreads its wings and sits high above the spring, which is the Drunken Ong Pavilion. Who built the pavilion? It was the monk Zhixian in the mountain. Who gave it a name? It was the prefect himself. The prefect and the guests arrived Come here to drink, you will get drunk after drinking a little, and you are the oldest, so you call yourself the drunkard. The taste of the drunkard is not in drinking, but in the beautiful mountains and rivers. The fun of the mountains and rivers is pinned on the wine. In the heart." Then the author described the scenery of spring, summer, autumn and winter in the mountains: "The wild flowers are blooming, exuding a quiet fragrance, the trees are luxuriant, forming a rich green shade, the cool breeze is refreshing, the frost is white, the spring water falls, and the stones are revealed. , This is the beauty of the four seasons in the mountains." "The Story of the Drunkard Pavilion" not only describes the beautiful scenery of the Drunken Ong Pavilion, but also outlines a picture of the eunuch having fun with the people, expressing the author's political ambition, and has become a famous article that has been passed down through the ages. the truth came out foggy We must not give up halfway, we must make him clear. It is a metaphor for the extremely difficult and painful life situation. "Mencius · King Hui of Liang": "Is there any other way to eat a pot of pulp to meet the king's teacher? Avoid water and fire. Like water, it gets deeper, like fire, it gets hot. It's just luck." During the Warring States period, Qi State defeated Yan State.King Xuan of Qi asked Mencius: "Some people advised me to annex Yan, and others advised me not to annex it. A big country with tens of thousands of military vehicles attacked an equally strong country, and it took only fifty days to defeat it. I think it is not It’s God’s will that what can be done by manpower alone. If we don’t annex it, God will think that we have violated the will of God and bring down disasters. How about annexing it?” Mencius said: "If the people of Yan are happy to annex it, then annex it. King Wu of Zhou did this. If the people of Yan are not happy after annexing it, then don't annex it. King Wen of Zhou did the same. Take a big country like Qi with tens of thousands of military vehicles to attack Yan, which also has tens of thousands of military vehicles, and the people of Yan welcome your army with baskets for food and pots for drinking. Is there anything else? What do you mean? It’s just that you want to escape the miserable life. If the people’s life is more painful and the disaster is more serious in the future, they will lose confidence in you and turn to other Mingjun.” The people are in dire straits Live and work in peace Foreign enemies invaded, warlords fought in melee, and the people were struggling in dire straits. Go into the water to salvage the moon.Metaphor to do something that can't be done at all, it can only be a waste of effort. Volume 7 of "Maha Monk's Law": "At that time, the macaque thought it was the shadow of the moon, and said to the companions: 'The moon died today, fell into the well, and it should come out together. Don't let the night of the world be dark." We made a discussion together, so what It can come out. At that time, the macaque said: "I know the way out, I catch the branch, you catch my tail, twist and connect, and then I can get out."" This is a story that the Buddha told all the monks who listened to him.In the distant past, there was a city of Balonai in the country of Jiashi. A group of macaques lived in a spare place in the city, playing in the woods all day long.One night, when the moon was shining brightly, the group of macaques ran to a well under a tree to play, and saw the shadow of the moon in the well.At this time, the Monkey King said to the group of monkeys: "The moon is falling into the well now and will drown. We should rescue it together, so as not to let the dark night in the world become dark." The monkeys talked a lot, saying what should happen help?The monkey king said again: "I know the way. I will grab the branch, and you will grab my tail. One by one, we can go down to the well to fish it out." So the monkeys followed the monkey king's arrangement, one by one. Grab one by the tail and approach Moonshadow in the well.More and more monkeys were connected, and before reaching the water, the branches were broken, and the monkeys fell into the well.The tree god saw it and said, "You fools who eat wild fruits are really fools following fools. How can the moon in the water be saved? It seems to me that it is asking for trouble. How can such thinking save the whole world?" What about the world?" Finding a needle in a haystack Seeking happiness from material desires is tantamount to fishing for moons in water, and will never achieve the goal. A metaphor for well-known ambition. "Three Kingdoms · Wei Zhi · Gaogui Township Gongji" Pei Songzhi's annotation quoted "Han Jin Chunqiu": "(Emperor) said: 'Sima Zhao's heart is known to passers-by. I can't sit and be humiliated. Today I should go out with Qing and others. Discuss it.'” In the later period of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms, Sima Yi took over the power. After his death, his son Sima Shi succeeded him. After Sima Shi died, Sima Shi's younger brother Sima Zhao succeeded him as the general.After several generations of management, the Sima family controlled the state affairs of Cao Wei, and the emperor basically became a decoration.At that time, the young emperor was called Cao Mao. He was very angry when he saw that the emperor's power and power were declining day by day.He secretly summoned Wang Shen, Shangshu Wangjing, and Sanqi Changshi Wangye, and said to them: "Sima Zhao's thoughts are known even to passers-by on the road. I can't wait for him to depose me and be humiliated. You go out of the palace and attack him together." Wang Jing thought that Sima had been in power for a long time, and the people's hearts had already belonged to him, and the palace guards were too small and weak to compete with him, so the matter of using force to resist should be reconsidered in detail .Cao Mao took out the jade token in his arms and threw it on the ground, swearing: "I have made a decision. I am planning to risk my life, so what's the point of dying? Besides, if you succeed, you don't necessarily have to die." Wang Chen and Wang Ye rushed out to report to Sima Zhao. As soon as Sima Zhao was ready, Cao Mao rushed out of the palace with hundreds of servants shouting.Sima Zhao's troops were reprimanded by the emperor and retreated one after another. Cao Mao, wielding a long sword in his hand, fought bravely with Sima Zhao's subordinate Jia Chong.One of Jia Chong's generals, Cheng Ji, asked Jia Chong what to do, and Jia Chong angrily said, "You people are raised just for today, so why ask?" In Cao Mao, the blade is exposed from the back. After Cao Mao's death, Sima Zhao made Cao Huan emperor and continued to control the Cao Wei regime.Five years later, Sima Yan, the son of Sima Zhao, abolished Cao Huan, proclaimed himself king, and established the Western Jin Dynasty. Close up: close, close.Do not close your eyes when you die.Said that the mind is not over, and there are regrets after death. "Three Kingdoms · Wu Zhi · Sun Jian Biography": "Jian said: 'Zhuo is against the sky and has no way, and he overthrew the royal family. Now he will not bar the three clans of Ru, and the county will show the world, so I will die without regret.'" At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs and relatives took turns ruling, the court was corrupt and the people were in dire straits, and finally the Yellow Turban Uprising broke out.Dong Zhuo was a native of Lintao, Gansu in the northwest region. He gradually established his own army in the process of conquering the Yellow Turban Army, entrenched in the Hedong area, and refused to accept the imperial court's dispatch.Later, during the struggle between eunuchs and relatives, Dong Zhuo took the opportunity to lead troops into Beijing and took control of the central government.Since then, Dong Zhuo has messed up the harem, indulged soldiers to disregard human lives, plundered people's wealth, and abused ministers, which aroused the public indignation of the people all over the world. After the death of Emperor Ling of Han, Dong Zhuo was good at government affairs and indulged in arrogance and indulgence in the capital.All the prefectures and counties jointly raised troops, elected Yuan Shu as the leader, and planned to conquer Dong Zhuo, and Sun Jian also responded positively.Sun Jian was Sun Quan's father, and his status was still low at that time. He led his troops to meet Yuan Shu, and Yuan Shu recommended him as General Polu and Inspector of Yuzhou.Afterwards, in the war against Dong Zhuo, Sun Jian was brave and firm. He persisted in fighting despite repeated failures, and finally defeated Dong Zhuo's army at Yangren (place name) and killed Dong Zhuo's governor Hua Xiong. After the victory of the Yang people, Dong Zhuo was very afraid of Sun Jian's bravery and tenacity, and planned to bribe him.So he sent his subordinates over and asked Sun Jian to make a list of his children's cronies, so that the imperial court could assign gifts and rewards according to the list.Sun Jianyi said sternly: "Dong Zhuo violated the destiny, subverted the royal family, and rebelled against the law. If I don't kill your parents and wife's clan today, and don't make your crimes known to the world, I will not close my eyes when I die. How can I get married with you?" What about it?" Sun Jian finally became the founder and pioneer of Wu's cause because of his bravery and determination. Regret for life Entrepreneurs who are known as the "master of turning losses" issued a military order to everyone: if the fertilizer factory is not built up, they will die in peace. Re: again, again.It is a metaphor for a lost person regaining power or something that has ceased to be active again. "Historical Records Biography of Han Changru": "The jailer Tian Jia humiliated Anguo, and Anguo said: 'Dead ashes alone will never return?'" Han Anguo, courtesy name Changru, was born in Cheng'an, Liang State, Western Han Dynasty.他年轻时曾在山东邹平县跟随田生学习《韩子》及杂家学说，后来在梁国梁孝王朝内当中大夫。七国之乱时，韩安国带兵阻击叛军，他沉稳持重、指挥得当，叛军始终被阻挡在梁国之外，因而名扬天下。后来，当梁孝王受到汉景帝猜忌时，又作为梁王的使臣前往长安，疏通了双方的关系，显示了自己出众的交际才能。 韩安国曾因触犯法律被囚禁在梁国蒙县的监狱，狱吏田甲羞辱他。韩安国说：“死灰难道不会再燃烧吗？”田甲说：“如果燃烧起来，我就用尿把他浇灭。”不久，梁国缺乏内史官(西汉时各诸侯国内由朝廷选派的民政官员)的人选，西汉朝廷派使者拜韩安国为梁国内史，韩安国一下从监狱犯人变为年薪两千石的高级官员，田甲吓得逃走了。韩安国说：“田甲你要是不上班，我就诛灭你的家族。”田甲只得袒露身体、负荆请罪。韩安国笑着说：“你现在可撒尿来浇灭我了！不过你们实在不值得我来跟你们计较。”最终没有为难田甲。 韩安国后来担任了御史大夫(地位仅次于丞相，掌管弹劾纠察及图籍秘书)，在和匈奴的斗争中主张和亲政策，得到汉武帝的器重，成为当时著名的政治家。 东山再起 吸毒、赌博等丑恶的现象在新形势下死灰复燃，引起了政府的高度警惕。 辜：罪，罪过。即使死了也不足以抵其罪。形容罪大恶极。 《汉书·路温舒传》：“盖奏当之成，虽咎繇听之，犹以为死有余辜。” 路温舒是东汉巨鹿东里人。他父亲是东里的守门人，让路温舒放羊。路温舒把蒲草编联起来，抄写书籍，逐渐积累了不少学问，得以做了一个管理监狱的小吏。他又专心学习法令，县里遇到疑难事情大家都来问他。太守到县里来视察时，看到路温舒，非常欣赏他，让他担任治理监狱的官佐。后来，路温舒又学习《春秋》，懂得了治理国家的大义。 汉宣帝即位后，路温舒上书，认为应该崇尚德政，宽缓刑罚。他在上呈的奏章中说：“陛下刚刚登上最尊贵的位置，与天意相合，应当改变前代的过失，涤除繁琐的礼仪、政令和刑罚，革除人民的疾苦。我听说秦朝有十个失误，其中一个现在仍然存在，那就是办理狱讼的官吏。秦朝时，耻事文学，爱好勇武，看不起仁义的士人，看重治理监狱的官吏。那时，正直的劝谏称作诽谤，劝谏的忠言叫做妖言，儒生不为世用，忠言淤积于胸，阿谀奉承的声音充满了耳朵，真实的祸患被遮蔽起来，这便是秦朝灭亡的原因。现今天下没有战争和饥寒，父子夫妻能够致力于经营自己的家庭，但是这种太平还没有遍及天下，原因就在于狱讼这一祸患。现在的官吏把苛严当做明断，玩弄法律，使人深陷于罪者获得了公平的名声，真正公平断案的人反倒后患无穷。官吏们害怕案情上奏后被驳回，就对判词精心加以锤炼和罗织。这种情况下，上奏的判词写成后，即使咎繇来审理此案，也仍然会认为嫌犯即使死了也不足以抵罪。所以天下的祸患，没有比狱讼更大的；败坏法令，扰乱政治，离间亲近，堵塞正道，没有比狱吏更厉害的。希望陛下简省法治，宽缓刑罚，革除弊政，那么太平的风气可以在世上兴起，和乐就会像苍天一样没有穷尽。”宣帝认为路温舒说得很好，路温舒因此得以升迁，路家成为显贵的家族。 比喻处于四面受敌、孤立无援的境地。 《史记·项羽本纪》：“项王军壁垓下，兵少食尽，汉军及诸侯兵围之数重。夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌，项王乃大惊曰：'汉皆已得楚乎？是何楚人之多也！'” 项羽、刘邦推翻秦王朝以后，两家之间又进行了长达五年的楚汉战争。由于项羽刚愎自用，错失了多次良机，最后被刘邦打败，退驻在垓下。当时项羽的士兵少，军粮也已吃完，汉军和诸侯的军队把他们包围了好几重。晚上听见汉军军营四面都在唱楚地的民歌，项羽大惊，说：“难道汉军已经把楚国全部占领了吗？为何他们那里有那么多的楚国人呢？”于是项羽就起来在帐中饮酒。看到陪伴自己的美人虞姬和战马乌骓，项羽非常难过，他慷慨悲歌，唱到：“力拔山啊气盖世，天时不利啊骓不跑。骓不跑啊怎么办？虞姬又该怎么办？”项羽唱了好几遍，唱着唱着流下了眼泪，手下的人也都跟着哭了。 随后项羽带领八百多名壮士趁着夜色突出重围，等跑到东城，项羽身边只剩下二十八个骑兵，而汉军追击的骑兵有几千人。一番血战后，项羽自知大势已去，便在乌江边上自刎而死。 cornered 旗开得胜 李陵被匈奴追逼到一个山谷中，孤立无援，四面楚歌，不得已而投降。 四体：四肢。勤：辛劳。本指不参加劳作。后用以比喻好吃懒做。 《论语·微子》：“丈人曰：'四体不勤，五谷不分，孰为夫子？'” 春秋时期，子路跟随老师孔子周游列国。有一天行路时落到了后面，子路正着急，遇到一位老农用手杖挑着农具，于是赶紧问到：“您见到夫子了吗？”老农看了一眼子路，说：“不参加农业劳动，连五谷都分辨不清楚，谁可以称为夫子？”然后把手杖插在地里，开始除草。子路恭敬地站在一边，一直等他干完农活。于是老农请子路到他家里过夜，还杀鸡做饭招待，并让自己的儿子来拜见。 第二天子路赶上孔子，就把昨天的事情告诉了老师。孔子说：“这是一位隐士。”孔子也想和老农谈谈，就叫子路马上回去找他。子路返回那里，老农已经外出，没有找到。孔子就告诫子路说：“不为国家效力，生命就没有意义。像老农这样隐居起来，是独自想在污浊的世界里保持自己一人的清白，但他忘记了为国为君奉献的大道理，这不是道德高尚的君子所追求的事情。” 饭来张口，衣来伸手，造成了孩子四体不勤、自理能力差的恶果。 形容事物似真而实假，或似正确而实错误。 《庄子·山木》：“材与不材之间，似之而非也，故未免乎累。” 庄子在山里行走，看见一棵大树，枝叶繁茂。伐木的人在这棵大树旁边休息却不去砍伐它。庄子问：“为何不伐这棵大树？”伐木的人说：“它没有什么用处。”庄子于是说：“这棵树因为不成材得以活到老。”庄子从山里走出，借住在朋友家里，朋友非常高兴，让儿子杀只鹅来招待他。儿子问：“家里两只鹅，一只会叫，一直不会叫，杀哪一只呢？”主人说：“杀掉那只不会叫的。” 第二天，庄子的学生问庄子说：“昨天咱们在山里遇见的大树，因为自己不成材而不被砍伐，现在主人家的鹅，却因为自己不成材而被杀掉。我们应该怎么对待这些事情？”庄子笑着回答说：“如果是我，我将处于'材'与'不材'之间。处于'材'与'不材'之间，就会既像是什么，其实又不是什么，就好像既合于大道其实却又并非真正与大道相合，这样就不能免于拘束与劳累。假如能顺应自然而自由自在地游乐就不是这样。没有赞誉没有诋毁，时而像龙一样腾飞时而像蛇一样蛰伏，跟随时间的推移而变化，而不愿偏滞于某一方面；时而进取时而退缩，一切以顺和作为度量，优游自得地生活在万物的初始状态；役使外物，却不被外物所役使，那么，怎么会受到外物的拘束和劳累呢？这就是神农、黄帝的处世原则。至于说到万物的真情，人类的传习，就不是这样的。有聚合也就有离析，有成功也就有毁败；棱角锐利就会受到挫折，尊显就会受到倾覆，有为就会受到亏损，贤能就会受到谋算，而无能也会受到欺侮，怎么可以一定要偏滞于某一方面呢！弟子们，你们记住了，最好的选择恐怕还只有归于自然吧！”