Chapter 17 R

Endure humiliation and take on heavy responsibilities. "Three Kingdoms · Wu Zhi · Lu Xun Biography": "The reason why the country bends the princes and envoys to look after each other is that they can be called servants because they have size and can endure humiliation." After Guan Yu was attacked and killed by Sun Wu, Liu Bei personally led the Shu army and marched by land and water to conquer Sun Wu.On the side of Soochow, Sun Quan ordered Lu Xun to serve as the governor, to lead the troops from all walks of life to fight against Liu Bei.Thus began the famous "Battle of Yiling" in the history of the Three Kingdoms.At the beginning of the war, Liu Bei had the advantage in terms of strength and morale, so Lu Xun adopted a defensive position.The two armies of Wu and Shu held each other for half a year.After entering June, the heat in Wu was unbearable, so Liu Bei had to order the navy to go ashore and set up camp.Lu Xun saw that the Shu army had lost its vigor, and that the advantage of advancing by land and water did not exist; at the same time, the Shu camps were continuous and surrounded by dense forests, so he used fire to attack and defeated the Shu army, thus forming a situation of three kingdoms.

When fighting against Liu Bei, some of Sun Wu's generals were old ministers and old generals, and some were royal relatives, all of whom were arrogant and conceited and did not obey orders.The coach Lu Xun put his sword in his hand and said: "Liu Bei is famous all over the world, even Cao Cao is afraid of him. You have received the favor of the country, and you should live in harmony and destroy this powerful enemy together. Now you are disobedient to each other, which is very wrong. Although I am a scholar , but accepted the appointment of the Lord. The reason why the country wronged you to let you accept my command is because I still have something worthy of praise. Take up your own responsibilities, and you can't shirk any more! The rules of the military order, everyone can't violate it!" At first, everyone was very dissatisfied with being coerced and subdued in this way, but after defeating Liu Bei, everyone saw that most of the strategies came from Lu Xun, so they were convinced.

bear the humiliation Preoccupied Lin Xiangru endured the humiliation and moved Lian Po with his actions. The burden is heavy and the journey is long.Later, it is used as a metaphor to bear a heavy responsibility, and at the same time, it will take a long time to work hard. "The Analects of Confucius Tabor": "Zeng Zi said: 'Scholars must be ambitious, and the responsibilities are heavy and the road is long.'" It is the most important classic of Confucianism. It was compiled by Confucius' disciples and his disciples. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.

Zeng Zi (505-435 B.C.), surnamed Zeng, given name Shen, styled Ziyu.Both Zeng Shen and his father Zeng Xi were disciples of Confucius.Zeng Xi can be regarded as one of the students of Confucius who can appreciate the teacher's mind and ambition.Once, Zeng Xi, Zilu, Ran You, and Gongxihua sat with Confucius.Confucius asked about their ambitions, and Zeng Xi said: "In the late spring and March, put on spring clothes, invite five or six adults, and bring six or seven children, and take a bath in Yishui, and go to Yutai (yu, On the rain praying platform) blow the wind, and then walk back singing songs all the way." It depicts a peaceful and peaceful Datong world, which was appreciated by Confucius.

Zeng Shen's achievements are higher than his father's.At the age of sixteen, he worshiped Confucius as his teacher. He was diligent and studious, and he got the true biography of Confucius. He was the teacher of Confucius' grandson Kong Ji (Zi Si), and Kong Ji was also the teacher of Mencius.Therefore, he once participated in inheriting the way of Confucius and initiating the Simeng school, and played an important role in connecting the past and the future in Confucian culture. Later generations called him, Confucius, Mencius, Yan Hui, and Kong Ji the five great sages of Confucianism.

Zeng Shen once said: "Scholars must be broad-minded and strong-willed, because they shoulder great responsibilities and have a long journey. Why do you say this? Because they regard benevolence as their own responsibility, can this not be important? They don't stop until they die , can this not be far away?" Go far Young people have a long way to go, and what they want to inherit is not property, but the unfinished revolutionary cause left by their predecessors, and carry forward the revolutionary spirit of their predecessors. Thin: approaching.The original meaning means that the sun is about to set.It is a metaphor for an aging person or a rotten thing that is approaching death.

"Han Shu Yang Xiong Biography": "When I approach Miluo, I am afraid that the sun will be thinner than Xishan." Yang Xiong was a great writer and dialectist in the Western Han Dynasty. His style name was Ziyun, and he was born in Chengdu, Sichuan.His ancestors themselves lived between the Yellow River and the Fen River. Later, in order to avoid wars and enemies, they gradually moved westward, and finally settled in Pixian County, south of Minshan Mountain. Yang Xiong has been fond of learning since he was a child, and he is forthright, but he stutters and cannot speak fluently, so he likes to be silent and deep in thought.He does not overly pursue wealth and honor, does not worry about being poor and humble, and does not pretend to be clean to gain fame.He has great ambitions, reads the classics of sages and sages, and likes to write poems and Fu.Before Yang Xiong, there was a writer in Sichuan, Sima Xiangru. Yang Xiong admired his literary talents very much and often imitated his works.Later, he felt that Qu Yuan's literary talent surpassed that of Sima Xiangru, and every time he read Qu Yuan's articles, he shed tears.He believes that a person with talent and virtue can fully implement his political ideas when he encounters good times, and he should compromise when encountering bad times. Whether there is a chance is the fate of a person, why throw himself into the water!So he wrote an article, often quoting from "Lisao" and using its meaning instead, throwing it from Minshan into the river to mourn Qu Yuan, titled "Anti-Lisao".There is a passage in it that reads: "Beautiful jade crumbs and autumn chrysanthemums, eating them is to prolong life. People who didn't want to die, came to Miluo and committed suicide; nostalgic for this beloved world, afraid of the sun approaching Xishan Untie the reins tied to the hibiscus tree, and let the horse gallop. Even if the phoenix soars, it can’t catch up, is it the wind god and the cloud god?”

rising sun Many decadent thoughts, some have already entered the museum, and some are dying, and they are about to enter the museum. way: road.The original meaning means that it is getting late and the road has come to an end.It is a metaphor for exhausting one's resources and reaching the end. "Historical Records Biography of Wu Zixu": "Thank Shen Baoxu for me and said: 'My day is not far away, so I will go against it and do it against it.'" Wu Zixu was originally from the state of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. His father, Wu She, was a tutor built by Prince Chu Ping.Prince Jian had another young Fu, Fei Wuji, who was disloyal to the prince and left him to serve King Ping.Fei Wuji was afraid that one day after the death of King Chu Ping, Prince Jian would kill him, so he slandered Prince Jian and planned to rebel.Therefore, King Ping of Chu tortured Wu She, who was the prince's teacher, and Wu She reasoned bluntly, but King Ping of Chu blindly believed in Fei Wuji, and finally killed Wu She and Wu Zixu's brother Wu Shang, and chased and killed the prince and Wu Zixu.Wu Zixu fled to the state of Wu and helped King Helu of Wu win the throne.After that, Wu Zixu led the Wu army to break through the Chu state.

At the beginning, when Wu Zixu fled, he said to his good friend Shen Baoxu: "I must destroy the state of Chu." Shen Baoxu said: "I must defend it." , the succeeding King Chu Zhao fled to another country.Wu Zixu couldn't find King Chu Zhao, so he dug up King Chu Ping's tomb, took out his body, and whipped him three hundred times before it was over.Shen Baoxu fled to the mountains, and sent someone to say to Wu Zixu: "I am afraid your revenge has gone too far. As the old saying goes, a large number of people can conquer the sky, but the sky can also destroy people. You were originally a courtier of King Ping of Chu. I personally faced North and served him. Now it has come to the point of insulting the dead. Isn’t this unreasonable to the extreme?" Wu Zixu said: "Apologize to Shen Baoxu for me. I seem to be a sun that is about to set and the road is still going He is a traveler far away, so he does things that are contrary to common sense." Later, Wu Zixu was ordered to commit suicide because he repeatedly advised Fuchai, the king of Wu, and was slandered.

the end of the mountain Willows are dark and flowers are bright He has reached the end of the day. Tea: White flowers such as Mao and reed.Originally described the grandeur of the military capacity.Now it is mostly used to describe the exuberance and enthusiasm of actions and scenes. "Mandarin Wuyu": "Thousands of people think of a square formation, all of which are white clothes, white flags, plain armor, and white feathers. They are full of hope... The left army is also the same, all of them are red clothes, red guards, Danjia, and red feathers. Look forward to it like a fire."

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu and Jin competed for supremacy, and the two countries agreed to a decisive battle at noon the next day.In the evening of the same day, Fu Chai, king of Wu, issued an order to let the soldiers have enough food and feed their horses.In the middle of the night, 30,000 troops were ordered to form a phalanx with every 10,000 people, divided into left, middle and right armies.King Wu stood in the middle of the phalanx holding the battle ax himself, with a white military flag standing beside him.The 10,000 people in the Chinese army all wore white trousers, carried white flags, wore white armor, and carried arrows made of white feathers, which looked like white reed flowers from a distance.The left army is also arranged like the central army, but they all wear red trousers, red flags, red armor, and arrows made of red feathers, which look like a bright red flame from a distance.The army on the right is also arranged like the army in the middle, but they all wear black trousers, black flags, black armor, and arrows made of black feathers, which look like a black cloud from a distance.King Wu's three armies marched forward with great momentum, setting up their positions when the cock crowed, only one mile away from the Jin army.As soon as the sky was bright, the King of Wu beat the war drum himself, and the three armies shouted in unison, and the sound shook the world. The Jin army was shocked and did not dare to come out to fight.Frightened by Wu's force, Jin Jun sent an envoy to express his willingness to make concessions and agreed that Fu Chai should be the overlord of the princes, so King Wu withdrew his troops and returned home. in full swing quietly The learning mutual aid group activities organized by the teachers were carried out in full swing in the class, which greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of the students for learning. Running around like frightened birds and beasts. "Han Shu Li Ling Biography": "There are no soldiers to resume the battle today, and the dawn is bound to sit! All the birds and beasts are scattered, and there are still those who can escape and return to the emperor." During the Western Han Dynasty, Li Ling, the grandson of the parachutist Li Guang, led five thousand troops to attack the Xiongnu.The march went smoothly at first, and they went deep into the hinterland of the Xiongnu. They fought against the army of the Xiongnu leader Shanyu for more than ten days, killing and injuring countless soldiers of the Huns, so that the Huns had no time to rescue the dead and help the wounded. Faced with Li Ling's fierce offensive, the ruler of the Huns was greatly shocked.After successive defeats, Shan Yu ordered King Zuoxian and King Youxian to dispatch all of them, and led more than 30,000 people who could draw bows and arrows from all over the Xiongnu to face Li Ling.Due to being outnumbered and lack of reinforcements, Li Ling led his troops to retreat while fighting, and finally ran out of ammunition and food, and was besieged by the Huns in the valley.After several rounds of fierce fighting, Li Ling's men were killed and injured, and not many people could stand up.Li Ling looked at the situation and said, "We don't have any weapons to fight now. We can only sit and wait for capture after dawn. Everyone escapes separately, and there may be some who can escape and report to the emperor." So each of them shared two liters. Grain, a piece of ice.In the middle of the night, Li Ling and a dozen others scattered to break through, and the Huns sent thousands of cavalry in pursuit.On the way, his deputy Han Yannian died in battle.Li Ling said: "I have no face to report to His Majesty the Emperor." So he dismounted and surrendered to the Huns. The People's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtze River, and the Nationalist Government in Nanjing scattered like birds and beasts. It is a metaphor for getting someone who fits well with you, or finding an environment that suits you. "Three Kingdoms · Shu Zhi · Zhuge Liang Biography": "The former master explained it and said: 'There is Kongming in the lonely, just as there is water in the fish.'" At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Bei couldn't find his own political way out for a long time in the warlord melee, so he lived under Liu Biao, the shepherd of Jingzhou, and Liu Biao asked him to live in Xinye County.The famous scholar Xu Shu went to see him and said to him: "Zhuge Liang is Wolong, general, would you like to see him?" Liu Bei said: "You can ask him to come with you." Xu Shu said: "This person can visit, but You can't compromise his integrity and summon him. You should condescend to visit him." Liu Bei followed Xu Shu's suggestion, and finally saw Zhuge Liang after three visits to the thatched cottage. Then in the secret conversation between the two, Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei analyze the general situation of the world, and proposed "Occupy Jingzhou and Yizhou, appease the minorities in the south, make friends with Sun Quan externally, reform politics internally, resist Cao Cao in the north, and revive the Han Dynasty." "Longzhong Countermeasures".The Longzhong strategy has been the guiding program of Shu since then.Liu Bei was very happy to hear these insights, and his relationship with Zhuge Liang became closer day by day.Seeing this situation, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were very unhappy. Liu Bei explained to them: "I have Zhuge Kongming, just like a fish has water. I hope you don't say anything more." Guan Yu, Zhang Fei also The discussion stopped. We came into being as the times require, and living in this era is really like a duck to water! Needle felt: A felt pad with steel needles inside.Metaphor restlessness, fidgeting. "Book of Jin·Du Xi Biography": "Brilliant, straight and loyal, repeatedly admonishing the prince, sincere words, the prince suffers. Afterwards, the needle is placed in the felt where Xichang is sitting, and the needle bleeds." Du Xi was a minister in the Western Jin Dynasty and was very famous when he was young.At first, he was the literature writer of Changsha King Sima Ai (official name, equivalent to an instructor, teacher), and later became a Zhongshu Sheren who preached orders and prepared advisors for Prince Minhuai.Prince Minhuai was very smart when he was young, and he was loved by his grandfather Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. After his father Sima Zhong succeeded to the throne, Empress Jian Nanfeng wanted to destroy Prince Minhuai's qualifications to succeed because he was not his own.Empress Jia deliberately instigated the eunuchs around the prince to relax their discipline, and let him become neglected in studies, stubborn and unruly.Du Xi's character is upright and loyal, he advised Prince Minhuai many times, and his words were sincere, so that the prince was worried when he saw him.Later, the prince put steel needles in the felt pad where Du Xi used to sit, and Du Xi bled.The prince was ignorant, he imitated the butcher grandfather to sell meat in the palace, and set up a market in the palace, selling groceries such as vegetables, chicken, duck, rice, noodles, etc., and profited from it.When the time was right, Empress Jia sent someone to lure Prince Minhuai into the palace to get drunk, and asked him to copy the statement of treason that Empress Jia herself had drafted.When Sima Zhong saw the proclamation, he was furious, disqualified Prince Minhuai as the heir to the throne, and expelled him to live in Xuchang.In the second year, Empress Jia sent someone to Xuchang to kill Prince Minhuai. restless be at ease He looked at the telephone for a while, and the door for a while, feeling distracted, as if sitting on pins and needles. Min: A unit of length, one-tenth of an inch.This refers to the strength of the calligraphy pen.Later, it is used as a metaphor to describe or discuss profoundly. Tang Zhanghuai's "Shu Duan Wang Xizhi": "Wang Xizhi's book wished the edition, the workers cut it, and the pen penetrated into wood three points." Wang Xizhi, born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a great calligrapher in ancient my country, and later generations respected him as the "Sage of Calligraphy".Because he became the general of the Youjun, the world also called him "Wang Youjun".His son Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy is also very good, and people collectively call them "two kings".Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is "floating like floating clouds and astounding as a dragon", which is known as "the crown of ancient and modern". Wang Xizhi intensively studied a variety of calligraphy styles. His representative works include regular script "Yue Yi Lun", "Huang Ting Jing", cursive script "Seventeen Tie", cursive script "Quick Snow and Sunny Tie", "Sangluan Tie", Xing Kai "Orchid Pavilion Preface" and so on.Among them, "Orchid Pavilion Preface" is called "the best running script in the world". It is said that Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, cherished it very much during his lifetime, and ordered him to be buried in Zhaoling Mausoleum when he died. There are many legends and stories about Wang Xizhi. Zhang Huaiguan, a calligraphy critic of the Tang Dynasty, recorded in his "Shu Duan" that when the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty offered sacrifices in the northern suburbs (written on the wooden board during the sacrifice, and replaced with a new one each time), The craftsmen were ordered to cut off the previous Zhu Wen, which was written by Wang Xizhi. When the craftsmen cut it off, they found that his handwriting had penetrated into the wood, as deep as three points.He also said that he wrote "Lanting Preface" when he was thirty-three years old, and "Huang Ting Jing" when he was thirty-seven years old. Just after finishing writing, he heard someone in the sky say: "Your calligraphy has even moved me, let alone the earthly world. What about the person?" penetrating understatement The portrayal of the character Wang Xifeng is really penetrating. Ruan Nang: Ruan Fu's money pocket.It is a metaphor for being in short supply and not having much money. Yuan·Yin Shifu's "Yunfu Qunyu·Yangyun·A Money Pouch": "﹝Jin﹞Ruan Fu took a soap pouch and visited Kuaiji. The guest asked: 'What is in the pouch?' Ruan said: 'But there is money Look at the bag, for fear of being shy.'” "Yunfu Qunyu" is a rhyme book compiled by Yin Shifu in the Yuan Dynasty, which is used to select rhymes when writing poems.He included "a money bag" under the rhyme of "Yang", explaining that Ruan Fu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty carried a black bag and traveled around Kuaiji.Someone asked him: "What is in your pocket?" Ruan Fu replied: "There is only a copper coin to guard the pocket. If there is nothing, I am afraid I will be embarrassed." Ruan Fu was a celebrity in the early Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was unkempt, unkempt, and liked to drink and have fun.Although the emperor personally appointed him as an official, he never took royal affairs to heart.Because of his good drinking, he was often impeached by relevant departments, but the emperor treated him very well and often tolerated him.Later, after he became a senior official such as Minister of State or Changshi, Ruan Fu still drank a lot, even refusing to listen to the emperor's persuasion, and once even exchanged the official hat decorated with gold and mink tail for wine.Therefore, Ruan Fu also left a name in the history of Chinese wine culture. cash-strapped The new car must be comfortable to drive, but I am too shy to afford a new one.