Chapter 8 G

Gan: Willing.Bai: Goodbye.下风: Below the direction of the wind, it is a metaphor for inferiority or inferiority.This means that I am willing to pay my respects to the next person.Later, it is used as a metaphor for sincere admiration and self-awareness. "Zhuangzi Zaiyou": "Guangchengzi lay down with his head in the south, and the Yellow Emperor went downwind, walked on his knees and then asked Jishou." This is a story told by Zhuangzi, intending to illustrate the principle of freedom and tolerance.After being the son of heaven for 19 years, the Yellow Emperor heard that Guang Chengzi knew the way of life in heaven and earth, so he went to visit and asked: "I want to get the aura of heaven and earth to help the growth of grains and nourish the people. I also hope to be able to rule over Yin and Yang." , so that the living beings can grow as they wish. What should I do about this?" Guang Chengzi said: "What you want to ask is the root of all things; what you want to dominate is the residue of all things. It rains when people gather together, the grass and trees wither before they wither, the light of the sun and the moon gradually dims, and the heart of the villain is still so small. How can we talk about the Dao together in this situation?" After hearing this, the Yellow Emperor stepped back. , Abandoning the government, living alone in a quiet room, concentrating on meditation, and going to ask for advice again three months later.

This time, Guangchengzi was lying there with his head facing south. The Yellow Emperor walked up to him on his knees, kowtowed, and then asked for advice: "How can I cultivate myself and live a long life?" Guangchengzi said happily: "This time Good question. Let me tell you, the essence of the Dao is to keep quiet, not to fatigue the body, not to let the mind be in a trance, so that you can live forever." Huang Di saluted again, then kowtowed to the ground, saying: " It can be said that Mister has become one with nature." self-pity not to be outdone Xiao Ming forgot to eat and sleep, raced against time to study hard, and achieved excellent results, which the students all bowed down.

Metaphor bosom friend or bosom friend.It is also a metaphor for the sublime music. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals · Original Taste": "Bo Ya plays the qin, Zhong Ziqi listens to it, Fang plays the qin and aims at Mount Tai, Zhong Ziqi said: 'It's as good as the drum and qin, as towering as Mount Tai.' Less selection In the middle, but the ambition was in the flowing water, Zhong Ziqi said again: "It's good to play the qin, and the soup is like flowing water." When Zhong Ziqi died, Bo Ya broke the strings of the qin, and he would never play the qin again in his life. For the drummer."

Boya and Zhong Ziqi were from the state of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Boya was good at playing the qin, while Zhong Ziqi was good at appreciating the sound of the qin. They were good friends.It is said that Boya learned the piano with the famous luthier Cheng Lian, but failed in three years.Later, he went to Penglai in the East China Sea with Chenglian. Hearing the surging sea water and the mournful sound of forest birds, he felt something in his heart, so he took the piano and played it.It is also said that when he plays the piano, he can make the horses uncharacteristically raise their heads to eat feed.When Boya played the piano, he thought of Mount Tai in his mind, and he integrated it into the sound of the piano. Zhong Ziqi could understand the sound and understand its meaning, and said, "Well played, it is as majestic as Mount Tai!" After a while, Boya thought of flowing water, and Zhong Ziqi Qi said again: "It's wonderful to play, it's mighty like flowing water!" After Zhong Ziqi's death, Boya broke the guqin and broke the strings, and never played the piano again, thinking that there was no one in the world worthy of playing for him.

The songs sung by bel canto singers are often songs about the motherland or love, which are high mountains and flowing waters.Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a dignified, generous and serious attitude when singing. Build: pass "", dump.Ling: A bottle of water.The original meaning refers to pouring water from a bottle on a high roof.Later used to describe being condescending and unstoppable. "Historical Records Gaozu Benji": "(Qinzhong) has a convenient terrain, and its subordinate soldiers are among the princes, just like living on a high house and building water."

After Han Wang Liu Bang pacified the world, in December of the second year, someone wrote to report Chu Wang Han Xin's rebellion.Liu Bang asked the left and right ministers, and finally adopted Chen Ping's strategy, pretending to go to Yunmengze to go on a tour, gather the princes in Chendi, and arrest Han Xin when he came to greet him. Minister Tian Ken came to congratulate him and persuaded Liu Bang: "Your Majesty, you have captured Han Xin and ruled the Guanzhong Qin. The Kanto region is attacked by a million soldiers, but the Qin region only needs 20,000 troops to resist. This is because of its convenient terrain, when fighting, you can adopt a posture of attacking from a high place to a low place, just like falling from a high house. The water is the same. In Qidi, there are rich Langye and Jimo in the east, the dangerous and solid Mount Tai in the south, the barrier of the Yellow River in the west, and the advantage of the Bohai Sea in the north. When soldiers come to attack, Qi only needs 200,000 troops to resist, so Qin and Qi are actually the Eastern and Western Qins. If he is not a relative of His Majesty, he cannot be allowed to rule Qi." Gaozu Liu Bang believed that his analysis Well done, reward him generously.

More than ten days later, Liu Bang pardoned Han Xin, and named him Marquis of Huaiyin, divided his original kingdom into Jing and Chu, and made his prince Liu Fei the king of Qi. condescending Such a magnificent historical biographical film needs such a high-level director's idea. Each acted on its own terms. "Zuo Zhuan Xuangong Two Years": "The sheep in the past were in charge of politics, and today's affairs are in charge of me." In 607 BC, Zheng Guo was assigned by Chu State to attack Song State.Song Guo sent Hua Yuan as the commander-in-chief to lead the Song army to fight.Before the battle between the two armies, Hua Yuan killed sheep to comfort the soldiers in order to boost morale.But in the rush, he forgot to share a portion for his groom Yang, and Yang Zhen held a grudge for not eating the mutton.When it was time to fight, Yang Zhen said to Hua Yuan: "When you ate mutton in the past, you had the final say, but today I have the final say on driving the chariot." Go to Zheng Jun's position.As a result, 250 people headed by coach Hua Yuan were captured alive by Zheng Jun, and Song Jun was defeated.

Later, the people of Song State used 100 military chariots and 400 good horses to go to Zheng State to redeem Hua Yuan.When the things were half handed in, Hua Yuan fled back by himself.When Hua Yuan entered the city gate of Song Dynasty, he first revealed his identity before entering the city.After seeing Yang Zhu, Hua Yuan said: "Your horse doesn't listen to you, isn't it?" go their own way work together All constructions in the reservoir area are arranged and implemented in a unified manner, and various departments are not allowed to work independently. When things were close to success, they were met with failure.Contains regret.

"Book of Jin · Xie An's Biography": "The temple has left behind, but the good plans fail, and the age is not so fast, and the success is on the verge of failure." Xie Xuan is the nephew of Xie An, the prime minister of Emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He once led 80,000 soldiers to resist the southern invasion of the former Qin Fu Jian's million-strong army, and won the battle of Feishui.Immediately afterwards, Xie Xuan led his troops to the Northern Expedition, regaining large areas of northern land one after another, and marching into Hebei.At this time, Xie Xuanshang Shuxiao Wudi thought that he should send people to guard Liang Guo and guard Pengcheng himself, so that the north could firmly guard the border, the west aid Luoyang, and the country protect the imperial court.However, the court discussed that the army should be withdrawn as soon as possible after a long conquest, and Xie Xuan's wish for the Northern Expedition fell through.On the way back to the south of the army, Xie Xuan fell ill and asked to resign. Emperor Xiaowu asked him to serve as Sanqi Changshi, Zuo General, and Kuaiji Internal History. Soon his illness worsened and he died in office. He was only 46 years old.

The author of "Book of Jin" Tang Dynasty Fang Xuanling and others commented on Xie Xuan's life: Xie Xuan was an all-rounder in both literature and military affairs, with a heart for the country. In the battle of Feishui, powerful enemies collapsed when they saw him.He led the army to the Northern Expedition, and the Central Plains responded in groups. He originally planned to go west and north to further recover the country. He had already formulated a battle plan, but the beautiful idea could not be realized, and things failed when they were close to success.Our descendants touch the articles left by him, and once again feel that his strategy is really far-sighted.

fall short you're done At that time, the work of the research institute had long been paralyzed, and the major scientific research project "New No. 1", which he had painstakingly managed for many years, could not be carried out and failed. The sable tail was more precious in ancient times, and it was the crown decoration of the officials.In some dynasties, there were too many official titles and the mink tail was not enough, so the dog tail was used instead.It was originally used to satirize too much knighthood.The last metaphor is to continue the good with the bad, and the front and back are not commensurate, and it mostly refers to literary and artistic works. "Book of Jin · Zhao Wanglun Biography": "The slaves are also given titles. Every court meeting, the mink and the cicadas are full, and the people at that time said: 'The mink is not enough, the dog's tail continues.'" In the first year of Taixi in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 290), Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, appointed Yang Jun as the Taifu and the governor of the capital to take charge of the government when he was dying.After the death of Emperor Wu of Jin, Emperor Hui of Jin who succeeded him was an idiot. In order to let his family take power, his queen Jiananfeng conspired with King Sima Wei of Chu in the first year of Yuankang (291 AD) to launch a coup and kill Yang Jun.However, after the coup, the power fell into the hands of Runan King Sima Liang and veteran Wei Guan, and Empress Jia's political ambitions failed to be realized.In June of that year, Empress Jia sent Chu King Sima Wei to kill Sima Liang, and then falsely accused Chu King Sima Wei of forging an edict to kill ministers without authorization, and executed him. Empress Jia then came to power. Later, Zhao Wang Sima Lun, who was in command of the imperial army, joined forces with Qi Wang Sima Jiong to abolish Empress Jia.Immediately afterwards, in the first year of Yongkang (300 A.D.), King Sima Lun of Zhao abolished Emperor Hui and stood on his own.After Sima Lun proclaimed himself emperor, he arbitrarily awarded officials and titles to his party members. Those who had been accomplices all exceeded the normal promotion order.As a result, every time the imperial court gathers, all the people in the audience wear mink tail decorations and official hats with cicada patterns.People at the time sarcastically said: "There are not enough mink tails, so we use dog tails to connect them." dog tail mink perfect match Some people have discussed the beauty of incompleteness, such as the broken arm of Venus, which cannot be continued, and if it is hard to whitewash and restore, it will only show the superficiality of the dog's tail or the vulgarity of the nouveau riche. Scrape: wipe.Scraping: to polish one's eyes, refers to changing old views.Describe looking at people differently, looking at people with new eyes. "Three Kingdoms · Wu Zhi · Lv Meng Biography" Pei Songzhi's commentary quotes "Jiang Biao Biography": "Meng said: 'After three days of farewell, I will treat each other with admiration.'" Lu Meng was a general of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period.When he was young, his family was poor, and he started his military career at the age of fifteen or sixteen, so he didn't study much, and he was only known for his bravery.When he became the sole general, Sun Quan said to him: "Now you should read more books, which will benefit you." Lu Meng said: "The army is busy with affairs, and I am afraid I don't have time to read." Sun Quan said: "I am also I'm not asking you to become an expert in Confucian classics, but I just want you to know more about the past and benefit from it. You said that you are busy with affairs, can you compare with me? When I was young, I read "Shangshu", "Book of Rites", "Zuo "Biography" and "Mandarin Language". After becoming a king, I read a lot of history books and military books, thinking that I still gained a lot. Like you, you are talented and enlightened. If you study, you will definitely gain something. Even when Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu led troops to fight Cao Cao himself said that he likes to study when he is old. Why don't you encourage yourself?" Lu Meng then devoted himself to studying hard without getting tired. He read so many books that even those who used to study full-time could not Can't compare. After Zhou Yu's death, Lu Su stationed in Lukou instead of him, passing through Lu Meng's residence.Lu Su went to visit Lv Meng, and Lv Meng asked: "Now that you have accepted the important task and become neighbors with Guan Yu, what kind of strategies will you use to prevent those unexpected emergencies?" Lu Su always believed that Lv Meng was brave and foolish, I still looked down on him a little in my heart, so I said casually: "But when the time comes, it's all about adapting to the situation." Unexpectedly, Lu Meng said: "Although Wu and Shu have formed an alliance, Guan Yu is really a fierce general who is difficult to deal with. How can we not make plans earlier?" Lu Su planned five strategies.As soon as Lu Su heard this, he immediately bypassed the case, ran to Lu Meng, patted him on the back and said, "Lu Meng, I always thought that you are just brave, brother, but I don't know that your talent and strategy have reached this level." Now, it seems that you are highly knowledgeable and extensive, and you are no longer the original Amon under Wu." Lu Meng replied with a smile: "After three days apart, you should look at it again." Lu Su then became friends with Lu Meng , After paying homage to Lu Meng's mother, he left. Bending over to put on shoes in the melon field, and reaching out to adjust the hat under the plum tree, there is a possibility of being suspected of stealing melons and plums.Later, it is used as a metaphor for places that are likely to arouse suspicion. Volume 41 of "Art and Literature Gathering" quotes Wei Cao Zhi of the Three Kingdoms "Gentleman's Walk": "A gentleman is on the lookout, and is not in doubt. The melon field does not accept shoes, and the plum does not take the crown." Cao Zhi and Cao Pi are both Cao Cao's sons, two brothers, but Cao Zhi's literary talent is better than that of his elder brother Cao Pi.For a while, Cao Cao liked Cao Zhi very much, and even had the idea of ​​making him the prince.But Cao Zhi's political strategy was not as good as Cao Pi's, so Cao Pi finally succeeded to the throne.Because of such an episode, Cao Zhi's situation after Cao Pi succeeded to the throne was very embarrassing.Cao Zhi is well aware of his disadvantaged situation, so he is careful in everything, and this attitude is also reflected in his poems. "A Gentleman's Walk" is said to be an ancient poem written by Cao Zhi.The whole poem reads: "A gentleman takes precautions and stays out of doubts. The melon field does not accept shoes, and Li does not take a crown. Sister-in-law and uncle do not personally teach, and seniors and young are not shoulder to shoulder. It is difficult for Lao Qian to get the handle, and the light is very difficult. Zhou Gong went to the white house , spitting and feeding is not enough to eat. One bath and three hair grips, later generations will be called sages." This poem says: "A gentleman should be good at taking precautions before they happen, and don't put himself in an embarrassing situation. Don't bend down to put on your shoes in the melon field, and don't stretch your hands to adjust your hat under the plum tree. Sister-in-law and uncle should not kiss each other, elders and juniors Can't stand side by side. Diligence and humility are the foundation of one's life, but it is difficult to be talented and not show one's edge. Zhou Gongdan was in a high position but was friendly to the people. called sages." Suspect of Melon and Plum Literary youths curry favor with editors, so it is inevitable that they will be suspected of melon fields and plums. After the metaphor has achieved its goal, it puts aside the people who helped it. "Yuan Shi Biography of Cheri Timur": "Puhua, the official secretary and censor, said to Youren: 'Participating in politics can be said to be a person who crosses the river and demolishes the bridge.'" Xu Youren was a famous writer and statesman in Yuan Dynasty.In the first year of Zhiyuan (AD 1335), Emperor Yuan Huizong appointed Cheri Timur as the political affairs of Zhongshu Pingzhang (equivalent to the deputy prime minister). Cheri Timur, who had just taken office, immediately proposed to stop the imperial examination.Xu Youren entered the court to argue when the imperial edict to suspend the imperial examination was written but had not yet been affixed with the emperor's jade seal. He argued with Taishi Boyan, believing that if the imperial examination was suspended, all talents in the world would be dissatisfied and resentful. Boyan said: "Most of the candidates failed because of corruption, and at the same time they often pretended to be Mongols and Semu people." There are very few people who make mistakes." Boyan said again: "You are the only one who can be appointed. Now the selection of talents through the imperial examination is really a way to hinder the selection of officials." Xu Youren replied: "Except for me, Many candidates can be entrusted with important tasks, and many people's articles and talents are unmatched. Selecting talents through the imperial examination method is much better than other methods such as recommendation, and it only selects a small number of elites, and it will not be harmful to officials. Selection constitutes an obstacle. If the imperial examination is really abolished, it will definitely block the way to select talents and appoint talents." Boyan was finally persuaded and agreed with Xu Youren's words, but because the proposal to stop the imperial examination had already been decided, it could not be stopped halfway.Xu Youwang was very indignant, and said a lot of complaints to Boyan and Cheri Timur present here.The next day, when the imperial edict was officially read, Cheri Timur specially ordered Xu Youwang to stand at the front and obey, in order to humiliate and subdue him.Xu Youwang was worried about disaster, so he reluctantly obeyed.Puhua, a colleague who didn't know where he was, taunted Xu Youren and said, "You can really be called a person who crosses rivers and demolishes bridges." Any office in the field. He can't cross the river and demolish the bridge after making money, harming the interests of his partners! Judah: Like.Refers to doing things too much, just like not doing enough, both are bad. "The Analects of Confucius Advanced": "Zigong asked: 'Which one is better between a teacher and a businessman?' Zi said: 'The teacher has passed, but the business is not as good.' Said: 'But the teacher will be better!' Zi said: 'It is too late.'" Zigong, one of the seventy-two sages of Confucianism, is the favorite student of Confucius, who is 31 years younger than Confucius.In the Spring and Autumn Period, a native of Weiguo, his surname was Duanmu and his name was Ci, and Zigong was his surname.Zigong was well-versed in handling affairs and was good at doing business. When Confucius traveled around the world, he often rescued Confucius from danger and difficulties.Both Shi and Shang were students of Confucius.His teacher was Master Zhuan Sun, styled Zi Zhang, who came from a humble background and had committed crimes. After being educated by Confucius, he became a "distinguished scholar", a model of Confucian loyalty.Shang is Zixia, surnamed Bu, named Shang, styled Zixia, quick thinking, famous for his literature, he is the outstanding student of Confucius in his late period, and is honored as one of the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius" by later generations. Zi Gong once asked Confucius: "Compared with Zi Zhang and Zi Xia, which one is better?" Confucius said: "Zi Zhang often does things too much, and Zi Xia often does not do enough." Zi Gong said: "If this is the case, then it should be Zizhang is slightly better." Confucius shook his head and said, "To do too much is as bad as to not do enough." In the face of the criminals' encroachment, it is wrong not to take precautions, but it is also wrong to be too defensive.