Chapter 4 C

Only: ability.Dou: An ancient measuring device, ten dou is equal to one stone.Described as particularly talented. Song Anonymous's "Shi Chang Tan · The Talents of the Eight Fighters": "Many articles refer to the talents of the Eight Fighters. Xie Lingyun once said: "There is only one stone in the world. Cao Zijian monopolizes the Eight Fighters. I get one, and the world shares one share." '" Cao Zhi, styled Zijian, is the most talented of Cao Cao's sons.When he was more than ten years old, he was able to recite a large number of classic works, including Chinese and other Fu prose, and he was also good at writing articles.Cao Cao once asked him after reading his article: "Did you ask someone to write it?" Cao Zhi knelt and replied: "What you say is an argumentative essay, and it becomes an article when you write it. You only need to test it in person. But, where do you need someone to write for you?” At that time, Cao Cao’s newly built Tongque Terrace in Yecheng, Henan Province had just been completed, and he took all his sons to the stage to play, and asked them to write an article each.Cao Zhi took the pen and wrote it quickly, and it reads well. Cao Cao felt that he was not easy.Cao Zhi's talent was so outstanding that Xie Lingyun, a famous poet in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, boasted: "If the total amount of literary talents in the world is one stone, Cao Zhi alone has eight, I have one, and the rest of the world have one. "

learning rich five cars lack of talent and learning When discussing articles in the south of the Yangtze River, Tang Bohu was extremely talented, and when discussing Danqing, his brushwork was brilliant. He was really a talented man. The sea becomes farmland, and the farmland becomes the sea.It is a metaphor for the great changes in the world. Eastern Jin·Ge Hong's "Immortal Biography·Wang Yuan": "Magu said to herself: 'Since the reception, I have seen three mulberry fields in the East China Sea.'" It is said that a fairy named Wang Yuan once passed through the land of Wu and lived temporarily in the home of a man named Cai Jing.Cai's family prepared rich food and wine, so Wang Yuan sent someone to invite the fairy Magu to the banquet.After a while, Magu came, she was a beautiful girl of seventeen or eighteen years old.There was a bun on the top of his head, the remaining long hair hung down to his waist, and the clothes he wore were dazzling.Magu said to Wang Yuan: "Since I met you last time, I have seen the East China Sea turn into mulberry fields three times; not long ago, I went to Penglai again. The water in this place is half of what it used to be. How long will it turn into land?" Wang Yuan also sighed: "The ancient sages also said that the sea will be filled with dust."

Seeing that Magu's hands were like bird claws, Cai Jing suddenly thought that if his back was itchy, it must be very comfortable to use those claws to scratch his back.Unexpectedly, Wang Yuan saw through his thoughts immediately, and scolded: "Magu is a god, how dare you want to use her hand to tickle it?" After speaking, he tied up Cai Jing and whipped him.Everyone witnessed Cai Jing being whipped, but they did not see the torturer.Wang Yuan said: "Ordinary people are not blessed to suffer my whipping." Under Wang Yuan's enlightenment, Cai Jing finally attained enlightenment and became immortal.

All: all.Described as terrified and full of doubts. "Book of Jin · Fu Jian Records": "Jian and Fu Rong went to the city and looked at the king's teacher. They saw that the army was in order and the soldiers were elite. They also looked north at the vegetation on Bagong Mountain. They were all humanoid. Gu Zhirong said: 'This is also (Qing) Enemies, what do you mean by few!' There is a look of fear." At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, political corruption and social turmoil caused Chinese history to enter the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.In the south, Sima Rui proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) in 317 AD and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty.In the north, the former Qin State established by the Di people successively destroyed the small countries such as Qianyan and Qianliang, and unified the Yellow River Basin.Later, they captured the two states of Liang (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi) and Yi (now Chengdu, Sichuan) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and expanded their power to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Han River.The former Qin emperor Fu Jian was full of ambition because of this, and planned to smash the Eastern Jin Dynasty and unify China in one fell swoop.In August 383 AD, Fu Jian led an army of nearly one million and marched towards Jiankang.The Eastern Jin Dynasty was under the pressure of powerful enemies and at the critical moment of life and death, the main combat faction headed by Prime Minister Xie An decided to rise up and resist.Recommended by Xie An, Emperor Jin appointed Xie An's younger brother Xie Shi as the governor of the conquest, and Xie An's nephew Xie Xuan as the vanguard, leading 80,000 elite troops westward along the Huaihe River to meet the main force of the Qin army.After the former Qin army captured Shouchun, Yuncheng and other important towns successively, they sent general Liang Cheng and others to station in Luojian to control the Huaihe River and stop the Jin army. In November, Xie Xuan sent the brave general Liu Laozhi to lead five thousand elite soldiers to attack Luojian at night, which opened the prelude to the Feishui War.Liu Laozhi conquered Liang Cheng's camp and beheaded Liang Cheng and his ten generals. The Qin army suffered many casualties.

Luojian's great victory greatly boosted the morale of the Jin army.Xie Shi led his army forward by land and water, and reached the east bank of Feishui River. He set up a camp on the edge of Bagong Mountain, and confronted the Qin army in Shouyang across the bank.Standing on the tower of Shouyang City, Fu Jian looked at the Jin army on the other side, neatly lined up, with elite soldiers. Even the vegetation on Bagong Mountain was mistaken for Jin soldiers.He said to his younger brother Fu Rong in horror: "The Jin army is also a brave and powerful army. How can it be impossible?"

The Battle of Feishui finally ended with the defeat of the former Qin Dynasty, and became a famous example in Chinese history of winning more with less. The sound of the wind is jittery, the shadow of the cup bow and snake calm and composed He is often suspicious and overwhelmed, making everyone around him worry. Cars are like flowing water, and horses are like dragons.Describe the bustling and bustling scene of constant traffic and horses. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Empress Jishang Empress Mingdema": "Passing past the Zhuolong Gate, I saw the family and asked the daily life. The cars are like flowing water, the horses are like swimming dragons, the head of the storehouse is green (gou sleeves), and the leader is white. , Gu Shiyu, it’s not too far away.”

The Empress of Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty was surnamed Ma. She was the youngest daughter of General Fubo Ma Yuan. She was very virtuous.After the death of Emperor Ming, Emperor Zhang ascended the throne, and Empress Zunma became the Empress Dowager. At the beginning of Emperor Zhang's accession to the throne, he wanted to reward several of his uncles, but the Empress Dowager disagreed.In the summer of the next year, some officials suggested rewards, so the Queen Mother issued an edict: "All the ministers who reward foreign relatives are just trying to flatter me in order to get blessings. I am the mother of the world, but I wear Coarse cloth, food does not seek beauty, and people on the left and right do not have any luxuries. This is all to set an example and set an example for the officials. I thought my relatives would be ashamed and diligent when they saw me like this. Unexpectedly, they were just laughing at me. I like it Frugality. Not long ago, I passed Zhuolongmen, and I saw people from my natal family who came to the palace to say hello. Cars came and went like flowing water, horses walked like swimming dragons, servants wore green sleeves, and the collars and cuffs of their clothes were clean and white. Look at my coachman, his clothes are far worse than those of the servants. The reason why I did not reprimand them, but cut off their annual rewards, is to imply their self-reflection, but they are still slack, I have no thoughts of worrying about the country and forgetting the family. How can I live up to the will of the late emperor, and lose the virtue of the ancestors, and repeat the disaster of the Western Han Dynasty because of the dictatorship of foreign relatives?" In this way, Empress Ma resolutely refused to give Her brothers knighted.

endless stream The house is left out in the cold Just entered the twelfth lunar month, the streets are already full of traffic, a festive scene. Loaded by car and weighed by bucket.It is not surprising that there are many descriptions. "Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi·Wu Zhu Biography" Pei Songzhi's annotation quotes "Wu Shu": "There are eighty or ninety people who are smart and talented, like the ratio of ministers, and the amount of car loads is innumerable." Zhao Zi is a famous scholar in the Three Kingdoms, knowledgeable, quick-witted, and quick-answer.Once, Sun Quan sent him as an envoy to Cao Wei. Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, had heard his name for a long time, so he asked him, "Does your King Wu know how to learn?" Wan Xiongbing, appoint capable men, have the strategy of governing the country in mind, and if you have spare time, read a lot of books and absorb them comprehensively, unlike Confucian scholars who only search for and extract fragments of words." Cao Pi asked again: "Can the country of Wu Was it conquered?" Zhao Zi replied: "Although your big country has powerful troops to conquer, our small country also has a solid defense." Cao Pi asked again: "Is Wu afraid of our great Wei?" Zhao Zi said: "We have millions of troops. What is there to fear from the great soldiers and natural dangers like the Yangtze River and the Han River?" Cao Pi then asked, "How many scholar-bureaucrats like you are there in Wu?" Zhao Zi replied, "There are eight or nine people in Wu who are very intelligent. Ten, as for people like me, there are so many that can be carried in carts and buckets, and the number cannot be counted.” Zhao Zi is like this. He was respected by Cao Wei from top to bottom.

There is a vast sea of ​​sweat and cattle rare Fruits such as oranges and lychees are plentiful in the south, but they are rare and expensive in the north. It originally refers to what people think is beautiful, but fish and birds don't think it is beautiful and avoid it.Now it is mostly used to describe a woman's appearance is extremely beautiful. "Zhuangzi Equality of Things": "Mao Qiang (qiang) and Li Ji are the beauties of people; fish see them deeply, and birds see them soaring." In ancient times, there was a man named nie (nie) who asked Wang Ni how to distinguish between benevolence and righteousness, right and wrong.Wang Ni found it difficult to explain, so he asked him first: "I'd like to ask you first: 'People will suffer from waist disease or even paralysis when they sleep in wet places. Will loaches do this? People live in tall trees. Will the apes be like this? Man, loach, or ape, who knows the standard of living best? Man eats the meat of livestock, elk eats weeds, centipedes eat small snakes, owls and crows eat People, elks, centipedes, owls, and crows love to eat mice. Which of the five animals knows the real delicacy? ) as mates, elk likes to mate with deer, and loach mates with fish. Mao Qiang and Li Ji are the beauties that people praise, but when fish see them, they dive deep into the bottom of the water, and birds see them with joy. The high ground flew to the sky, and the elk fled quickly when they saw them. Man, fish, bird, and elk, who knows the real beauty in the world? From my point of view, the thread of benevolence and righteousness, The paths of right and wrong are so confused, how can I know the difference between them?'”

Biyuexiuhua Ugly Yun Gongsun raised his eyes and took a closer look. This woman really has the appearance of sinking fish and wild goose, and the appearance of closing the moon and shameful flowers. It originally refers to the accumulation of old grains in the granary year by year.Now it is mostly used as a metaphor for being old and lacking in innovation. "Historical Records Ping Zhun Shu": "Taicang's millet, Chen Chen Xiangyin, is full of dew and accumulates outside, until it becomes corrupt and inedible." After Han Gaozu unified the world, he recuperated, rectified the economy, paid attention to agriculture, developed commerce, obeyed the wishes of the people, and did not interfere indiscriminately.By the time of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the country had been peaceful for more than 70 years.If there were no major floods and droughts, the people would be able to live a life of adequate food and clothing. The granaries in all counties and counties would be full, and the government treasury would store a lot of inexhaustible property; The ropes were rotten, so that the coins were scattered and could not be counted; the grain in the granary in the capital could not be eaten up, and the old grain was added to the old grain, so full that it overflowed outside the warehouse, so that it was rotten and could not be eaten.In short, at this time, the common people's families were rich, and the gatekeepers could eat millet and meat, and the officials were rarely transferred.Because the material life is rich, everyone loves himself and does not easily break the law. Everyone puts the practice of benevolence and righteousness as the most important thing, and despises shameful behavior.During the reigns of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing, they rewarded farming, encouraged agriculture and mulberry, advocated frugality, transformed the people with virtue, made the society stable, and the people rich.Historically, the prosperity of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing in the early years of the Han Dynasty was called the "Government of Wen and Jing".

Follow the beaten path Introduce the old and bring forth the new A model, "concocted in accordance with the law", Chen Chenxiangyin, "deja vu" and other things are taboos in literature and art. To fulfill the good deeds of others, or to help others achieve their goals. "The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan": "A gentleman is beautiful when he is an adult, but evil when he is not an adult." Yan Yuan was a student of Confucius, and his knowledge and conduct were the first among Confucius, and he was deeply loved by Confucius. Confucius praised him and said that Yan Yuan never blamed others. The same mistake will never be made a second time.Yan Yuan studied hard, but unfortunately he was weak and sick. His hair turned gray when he was twenty-nine, and he died when he was thirty-two.After his death, Confucius was very sad, and sighed loudly: "God prevents my ideals from being passed down!" Do you not grieve for such a man, for whom should you grieve?" "The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan" records a passage of Confucius saying that a gentleman with high morals helps others to do good deeds and does not promote others' bad deeds.The villain with low morality is the opposite, he does not promote the good deeds of others, but only promotes the bad deeds of others. Crazy: stupid.It originally refers to talking nonsense to a fool and the fool will believe it.Later, it is used as a metaphor for absurd people who say unreliable or impossible things based on delusions. Volume 9 of Shi Huihong's "Lengzhai Night Talk" in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Sangha Longshuo's middle reaches between the Jianghuai River and the Huaihe River, its traces are very different. Someone asked: 'What is your surname?' The answer was: 'What is your surname.' Ask again He said, "Where are you from?" He answered, "Where are you from?" Tang Li Yong made a stele, but he didn't know what he said, but he wrote in a book: "What is the master's surname, and he is from what country." This is what is called talking about dream ears to fools." During the Longshuo period of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, there was a monk who wandered around the Jianghuai area, acting very strangely.Someone asked him: "What is your surname (what is your surname)?" He joked: "My surname is He." Then asked him: "Which country are you from?" Ten years later, when Tang Xuanzong's Beihai prefect and calligrapher Li Yong wrote the tombstone for this monk, he no longer understood what the monk said at that time, so he believed it to be true and wrote a biography for him, saying: "What is the master's surname, and what country is he from. Master Hui Hong of the Song Dynasty said that when Li Yong wrote the biography of the monk, he took the monk's jokes seriously, and later generations will take the falsehood as the truth when they see this biography. Believe what is fake. whimsical down to earth "Going to the sky and entering the earth" would have been considered a dream in the distant ancient times, but today's spaceships and underwater exploration have made it a reality. How you treat others is how they will treat you.Hou is often used to refer to contradictory words and deeds before and after, and capricious. "Mencius · King Hui of Liang": "Zengzi said: 'Precept the precepts! Those who come out of you, those who go against you are also.'" During the Warring States Period, the state of Zou clashed with the state of Lu.Zou Mugong, the king of the state of Zou, asked Mencius: "Thirty-three of my officials died in this conflict, but none of the common people was willing to die for them. Kill them, you can't kill so many; don't kill them, they will see you." It is really hateful that one's own chief is killed but not rescued. Tell me, what should we do?" Mencius replied: "In the famine year, your people, the old and the weak starved to death in the gully, and the young and strong fled thousands of people, but your granary was full of grain, and your warehouse was full of treasures. Regarding this situation, none of the relevant officials came to report. This is the arrogance and indifference of the superiors, who harmed the people! Zeng Zi once said: "Be vigilant, be vigilant! How you treat others will be reciprocated to you." Now , your people have a chance to take revenge, so don’t blame them. If you implement a benevolent government, your people will naturally love their superiors and are willing to sacrifice for their leaders.” Pull out: exceed.Cui: People or things gathered together.Described as outstanding and extraordinary. "Mencius·Gongsun Chou": "A sage is like the people. Out of his kind, he is outstanding. Since the birth of the people, he has never been more prosperous than Confucius." Gongsun Chou hoped that his teacher Mencius would tell him the similarities and differences of the three ancient sages, Confucius, Boyi and Yi Yin.Mencius said: "What they have in common is that they can govern the world with benevolence and righteousness, and make the princes come to court; neither will do unreasonable things, and neither will kill innocent people indiscriminately." As for their differences, Mencius Without making a direct comparison, Mencius said: "Among the disciples of Confucianism, Zaiwo, Zigong, and Youruo are very famous. They are smart and wise enough to understand the sages. Therefore, we can see how they praised Confucius. Zai Wo said: "I think the teacher is much better than Yao and Shun." Zigong said: "Seeing the ritual system of a country, you can understand its politics; hearing A country’s music, you know its morality. Even if you evaluate the monarchs of the hundred generations, no one can deviate from the way of Confucius. Since the beginning of human beings, no one can catch up with my teacher.’You Ruo Said: "Not only are human beings different in superiority and inferiority, but unicorns are superior to beasts, phoenixes are to birds, Mount Tai is to mounds of earth, rivers and seas are to creeks, and they are all of the same kind. Sages are of the same kind to common people, but they are far from Far beyond the same kind, greatly higher than the same kind. Since the beginning of human beings, no one has been greater than Confucius.'” Stand out Pretense Among the sea-like people, there are outstanding labor heroes everywhere, and these heroes are themselves bright flowers that bloom among the people. Superior, beyond the average person. Song Ouyang Xiu's "Book with Mei Shengyu": "Reading Shi (Su Shi)'s book, I can't feel sweating. Happy, happy! The old man should avoid the road and let him go." Su Shi, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Meishan, Sichuan, with the style name Zizhan and the nickname Dongpo.Su Shi took part in the imperial examination at the age of 21. At that time, strange and unorthodox writing styles were prevalent in the society. Ouyang Xiu, a great writer as the chief examiner, hoped to save this ill by presiding over the examination to select talents. When he saw Su Shi’s " When I wrote "On Punishment, Reward and Loyalty", I was very pleasantly surprised and wanted to rate this article as the first, but I also suspected that it might be written by my student Zeng Gong, so I finally rated it as the second to avoid suspicion.Su Shi immediately won the first place in the next exam with ""Spring and Autumn" Conversation with Righteousness". Later, Su Shi wrote to Ouyang Xiu to thank him for his kindness.After reading the letter, Ouyang Xiu said to Mei Shengyu: "When I read Su Shi's letter, I couldn't help sweating. I was very happy. I shouldn't block him, make way for him, and let him stand taller than everyone else." People who heard this were not convinced, but Ouyang Xiu still firmly believed in his own opinion, thinking that as long as time passed, Su Shi's articles would become famous all over the world.Sure enough, with the passage of time, Su Shi's articles gradually became famous, and he also became a generation of writers. superior pale in comparison She had already set her ambition in her young heart, and she must stand out and do something earth-shattering when she grows up. Originally said from birth to death.It is later used to describe risking one's life and the possibility of death at any time. "Lao Zi·De Jing" fifty chapters: "From birth to death, there are three out of ten people who live, and three out of ten people who die." "Laozi" is a summary of Laozi's thoughts, one of the most important viewpoints is "inaction".When talking about human life and death, Laozi said: When a person appears in the world, he is born, and when he enters the grave, he is dead.Among all the people, three-tenths are long-lived, three-tenths are short-lived, and three-tenths are those who could have lived a long life, but they are going to die.What is the reason for this last situation?It is because of too much health care.I once heard that a person who is good at caring for life will not encounter rhinos or tigers when walking on land, and will not be harmed in battle in the army; rhinos cannot use its horns, tigers cannot use its claws, and weapons cannot use them. on its edge, why?Because he did not enter the realm of death. In this passage, Laozi believes that there are 6 out of 10 people whose lives and deaths conform to the laws of nature, and 3 out of 10 people who live short lives because of excessive pursuit of health preservation, and only the last one out of ten people, because Emphasize "inaction" and be good at keeping in good health, so you can live forever. go through fire and water greedy for life and afraid of death No one can count how many times you were born and died under the gunpoint of the enemy agents. Put your heart into it: put your heart into it.Accumulate: Accumulate thoughts.Describe long-term planning and planning. "Gu Liang Zhuan Yin Gong Year": "Why is it so close to Zheng Bo? Even Zheng Bo's deliberate deliberations lead to killing." Zheng Bo was Zheng Zhuanggong, the king of Zheng State in the early Spring and Autumn Period.Zheng Zhuanggong was born with dystocia, which frightened his mother Jiang, so Jiang hated him very much.Three years later, Duke Zhuang had his younger brother Gongshuduan again. Because Gongshuduan was born smoothly, Jiang liked him very much, so he repeatedly asked her husband Zheng Wugong to let Gongshuduan inherit the throne of Zheng in the future, but Zheng Wugong refused. After Zheng Wugong died, Zhuanggong came to the throne.The Jiang family has repeatedly asked for important cities as fiefdoms for Gongshuduan, and Gongshuduan is also secretly developing his own power, winning over the people, expanding his territory, and preparing for a coup d'état.Faced with the actions of the Jiang family and Gong Shuduan, some ministers repeatedly suggested that Zheng Zhuanggong punish him in time, but Zheng Zhuanggong did not adopt these opinions. After Gong Shuduan made all preparations for the rebellion, Jiang also responded positively, planning to open the capital city gate to meet the rebels.Zheng Zhuanggong found out the date of the rebellion, and on the eve of the rebellion, he mobilized troops from all over the country to attack on a large scale.The rebels rushed to the battle and retreated steadily. Zheng Zhuanggong pursued and fought fiercely.Gong Shuduan was finally defeated and fled abroad, and the Jiang family was subsequently imprisoned by Zheng Zhuanggong. "Spring and Autumn" recorded this incident, saying: "Zheng Boke Duan Yuyan." "Gu Liang Biography" explained: "Why didn't "Spring and Autumn" call Zheng Guojun Zheng Zhuanggong as usual, but Zheng Bo? Because the author It is believed that Zheng Bo has not fulfilled his duty as an older brother, and he has not fulfilled his responsibility to guard his younger brother and educate his mistakes early. Instead, he has tried his best to cultivate his younger brother's faults step by step, so that such mistakes will develop to the point of irreparable, It will be wiped out in one fell swoop." "Spring and Autumn" is like this, often embodying profound praise and criticism in simple titles and words. painstaking A small number of Japanese are deliberately trying to falsify history, deny the brutal actions of the Japanese invaders, and try to deceive future generations. Defect: defect.This refers to blowing the fur to find the defects inside.It is now often used as a metaphor for deliberately picking on faults or shortcomings. "Han Feizi General Body": "The one who is the most comprehensive in ancient times...seeks for small flaws without fussing, and finds it hard to know without cleaning up." "Han Feizi · General" discusses that we should focus on the general and grasp the overall situation when doing things.The article said that in ancient times, people who were able to preserve the general body did not interfere with their minds with ingenuity, and did not drag themselves down because of self-interest. on the scale.Don't violate the natural common sense, don't hurt people's true feelings, don't blow hairs to find faults in it, don't harshly investigate the secrets that are difficult to know.If the law of nature is followed and the law of the country is preserved, the gentlemen will be at peace and the bad will stop doing evil.Indifference and few desires, peace and tranquility, conforming to the laws of nature, and grasping the overall situation of things can prevent people from violating the law. In this way, people will not suffer the same disaster as a fish out of water, and there will be few unworkable things in the world. Han Fei was a Korean at the end of the Warring States period. He had quick thinking and superhuman talents. His articles were often passed down by people.Once, his "Say Difficulty" and "Lonely Anger" were passed on to the State of Qin. After reading it, the King of Qin (later Qin Shihuang) said, "Oh! Sorry!" Qin then sent troops to attack Han, and South Korea quickly handed Han Fei over to Qin.Li Si, Prime Minister of the State of Qin, was Han Fei's classmate. He was jealous of Han Fei's talent, so he repeatedly slandered Han Fei, and Han Fei was put in prison.Li Si then sent someone to deliver poison to Han Fei, forcing him to commit suicide.Later generations compiled his articles together, which became the book "Han Feizi". full blame magnanimous He always likes to find fault and confront others. If the lips are missing, the front teeth will be cold.Later, it is used as a metaphor for the close relationship between the two parties and their interests. "Zuo Zhuan Xigong Five Years": "The Marquis of Jin restored the false way to Yu to attack Guo. The strange admonition of the palace said: "Guo is the watch of Yu; when Guo perishes, Yu must follow it. Jin cannot be opened, and invaders cannot ( wan contempt). One is too much, but can it be? The proverb says that "the auxiliary vehicles are dependent on each other, and the lips are dead and the teeth are cold". It is also called Yuguo." In the second year of Duke Xi of Lu (658 BC), the state of Jin was going to attack the state of Guo, but there was a small state of Yu between Guo and Jin.Xun Xi, a minister of the Jin State, proposed to borrow a road from the State of Yu at the cost of famous horses and beautiful jade.Jin Xiangong was a little reluctant, Xun Xi said: "If you borrow the road from Yu State to go to Guo State, then those treasures in Yu State are like storing in Jin State's own warehouse." Later, Jin State succeeded in borrowing the road, and Yu State The state cooperated with the state of Jin to attack the state of Guo and occupied Xiayang, the city of the state of Guo. Two years later, in the autumn of the fifth year of Duke Xi of Lu, Duke Xiang of Jin borrowed a way from Yu State again to attack Guo State.Gong Zhiqi, the Minister of Yu State, advised the King of Yu State: "Guo State is the appearance of Yu State. Once Guo State is destroyed, Yu State will also perish. The road of Jin State's ambition must not be opened again, and foreign enemies must not be underestimated. Borrowing the road once is already too much, can I borrow it a second time? As the saying goes: "The gums and the cheeks depend on each other. If there are no lips, the front teeth will be cold." This probably refers to the relationship between the Yu State and the Guo State. "The king of the state of Yu refused to listen to the advice, and lent the road to the state of Jin for the second time.In December of this winter, the Jin army destroyed Guo State.The Jin army lived in the state of Yu on the way back to the army, so they attacked the state of Yu and destroyed it. Lips and teeth share weal and woe stand by Many countries that are geographically separated by a narrow strip of water are also poor in international relations. Heeding what is right is as swift and smooth as water flowing from a height. "Zuo Zhuan Eight Years of Chenggong": "The master of Chu returned, Jin invaded Shen, won Shen Ziyichu, Congzhi, Fan, and Han Ye. The gentleman said: 'It is advisable to follow the good!'" Luan Shu was a famous general of the state of Jin in the mid-Spring and Autumn period.In the sixth year of Duke Cheng of Lu (585 BC), the State of Chu attacked the State of Zheng, and the State of Jin sent Luan Shu to lead an army to rescue Zheng. The armies of the two countries met at the corner.Before the battle, the Chu army withdrew, and the Jin army invaded Cai Guo by the way.Prince Shen and Prince Cheng of Chu led the armies of Shen and Xi counties to rescue Cai.Luan Shu's two lieutenants asked him to fight, but Luan Shu was about to agree. The other three subordinates, Zhuangzi, Fan Wenzi, and Han Xianzi, advised him, "No way. We came to rescue Zheng. The Chu army left us before the battle. , so we came here. Doing this is tantamount to transferring the killing to others. The killing is not over yet, and the Chu army is angered. The first battle must not be won. Even if we win, it is not a good thing. Our army went out, but we only defeated Chu What glory is there in the strength of the two counties of the country? If you cannot defeat the opponent, you will suffer too much humiliation, and it is better to go back." So the Jin army retreated back to the country. At that time, there were many generals in the Jin army who wanted to fight. Someone said to Luan Shu: "You have the military power, and you should act according to the people's will. Now you have eleven lieutenants, and only three of them don't want to fight. Most of them want to fight." , you should follow the opinions of the majority." Luan Shu said: "A good opinion is the opinion of the masses. Now the three generals agree, which is a good idea of ​​the masses. Isn't it okay to obey them?" Jin Jun After retreating, the Chu army also retreated back to the country.The Jin army took the opportunity to invade Shen State again, and captured the king of Shen State, Yichu. This was also the result of adopting the suggestions of Zhizhuangzi, Fan Wenzi, and Han Xianzi.A person of insight at the time commented: "Luan Shu listens to good opinions as smoothly and swiftly as water, which is really appropriate!" Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao was as good as he was, and the other was headstrong. As a result, Yuan Shao lost the hearts and talents of the people, and was defeated in the end.