Chapter 3 B

According to legend, the Eight Immortals don't need boats when crossing the sea, and each has a set of spells.Later, it is used as a metaphor to compete with each other with their own abilities or methods. The second chapter of "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" by Anonymous in the Ming Dynasty: "The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea of ​​mine have great supernatural powers, which shows that all the saints return to the mountains with strong Dharma, and their reputation will last forever." In the forty-eighth lecture of Wu Yuantai in the Ming Dynasty, the Eight Immortals came to the East China Sea after attending the Peach Blossom Conference, and stopped to watch.I saw the tide was raging and the huge waves were astonishing.Lu Dongbin said: "Today, each of us throws an object into the sea, and crosses the sea on foot, how about showing our own magical powers?" Everyone agreed.So Tieguai Li threw his own Tieguai into the sea, stood on the crutch, and sailed across the wind and waves.Han Zhongli threw his fly whisk into the water, Zhang Guolao threw his paper donkey into the water, Lu Dongbin threw his flute pipe into the water, Han Xiangzi threw a flower basket into the water, and He Xiangu threw a bamboo cover into the water.Lan Caihe threw the clapper board into the water, and Cao Guoshu threw the jade board into the water and crossed.The Eight Immortals each crossed the sea with their own means, showing their magical powers.Unexpectedly, the Dragon King Prince of the East China Sea fell in love with Lan Caihe's decision and forcibly snatched it away, which caused a big battle between the Eight Immortals and the Dragon Palace.

Raise the seedling to help it grow.It is a metaphor to insist on quick success, which is harmful but not beneficial. "Mencius Gongsun Chou 1": "In the Song Dynasty, there was Min Qimiao, who picked up the seedlings before they were not long, and the light came back, saying that the man said: 'I am sick today! Let me help the seedlings grow up!' His son rushed towards him. Look at it, and the seedlings will wither!" When Mencius discussed the relationship between speech and emotion with Gongsun Chou, he said that he was not only good at analyzing other people's speech, but also good at cultivating his own arrogance.Gongsun Chou asked, "What is the aura of grandeur?" Mencius said, "It is difficult to explain it in one or two sentences. This kind of aura is the greatest and strongest. If it is cultivated in a proper way without being damaged, it will be full. Between heaven and earth. This kind of energy must be compatible with justice and morality; Decline. That’s why I say that Gaozi doesn’t understand righteousness, because he regards righteousness as something outside of his mind. Practicing benevolence and righteousness will definitely bring blessings, but you can’t perform benevolence and righteousness just for the sake of blessing; you can’t forget morality in your heart, but you can’t Ignoring the rules and helping them grow cannot be like the people of the Song Dynasty. There was a man in the Song Dynasty who was worried that the seedlings would not grow, so he went to raise them, and then returned home very tired. He said to his family: "I am really tired today. I helped the seedlings grow taller." His son hurried over to see that the seedlings had withered. In fact, people in the world have the mentality of pulling seedlings to encourage growth. Those who think that there is no benefit and do not apply benevolence are like those who do not plow the fields; those who violate the law and enforce benevolence , just like a person who backs up a seedling and encourages it, not only is it not beneficial, but harmful.”

More haste step by step I hope that parents will not violate the laws of children's growth and development, and do stupid things that are counterproductive. The white horse quickly passed through the narrow gap.Describe how time flies. "Zhuangzi · Journey to the North": "The gap between the heaven and the earth in life is like a white horse, and it's just a sudden." Zhuangzi made up a conversation between Confucius and Laozi in "Journey to the North", expressing his views on "Tao".Among them, one day Confucius said to Lao Tzu: "Today, I take the liberty to ask you what is the 'Zhi Dao'." It is only an instant thing to pass through the narrow gap. The law of life is that all will naturally flourish and die, and all will naturally adapt to the change and die. Change and grow, and then change and die.

It is a well-known thing that people change from having no form to having form, and then from having form to disappearing form.Those who understand the Dao will not discuss it, and those who discuss it will not truly understand the Dao.Inspiring teachers to mobilize people to search for the Dao will not truly understand the Dao, and it is better to keep silent than to be eloquent and eloquent.It is impossible to hear the Tao through rumors, and it is better to close your ears than to listen to the rumors if you want to hear the rumors. Only after doing this can you truly understand the mysterious Tao. "

time flies Live like a year The time has passed, and in a blink of an eye we have already arrived at the time of graduation. Cang: Gray black.The white clouds in the sky turned into dark clouds in an instant, like black dogs.A metaphor for the fickleness of the world. Tang Du Fu's "Sigh": "The clouds in the sky are like white clothes, but the silk must change like a gray dog." Wang Jiyou and Du Fu were contemporaries. Ji You's wife Liu Shi thought her husband was poor, so she abandoned him, but people said that Wang Jiyou had an affair.Du Fu complained about Wang Jiyou's grievances, and at the same time he wrote an ancient style poem, "Sigh", which is as follows: "The clouds in the sky are like white clothes, and this must change like a gray dog. From ancient times to the present, there is a time , There is everything in life. Those who are close to her husband, the daughter of Hedong is surnamed Liu. The husband is stern and citing scriptures, and the guest son of Fengcheng, Wang Jiyou. Thousands of books are often recited in secret, and all the filial piety scriptures are in hand. Poor, old and thin When a family sells clogs, a good thing is to bring wine. The grandson of Yuzhang prefect Gaodi has been honored by guests for a long time. Hearing the truth, he has not spoken for three years, so be careful and keep his mouth shut. The prefect is even more suspicious of it, and life is ugly even if you look at it repeatedly. Is it easy for the bright moon to be flawless, and the purple qi is still fighting. The time is dangerous and the real hero is the hero, and the two have to be on the side of the king. The prefect leads the south of the mountain, and the people of the state think more than their parents. Wang Sheng has long worshiped color, beyond the mountains Jie Pei. Use it for Xi and heaven to achieve success, and use flat water for land to be rich. The king also talked about Dao blocking the rivers and lakes, and Li Yecheng was suspicious before and after. Death is the star that will never die, so that Jun Yao and Shun are willing to die. , After the wind, the chief shepherd looks back." The poem begins by saying: "The floating clouds in the sky just looked like white clothes, and in a moment they became like green dogs." It satirizes the society that does not distinguish between good and bad, and reverses black and white.

fickle eternal The world is impermanent, like a white cloud and a dog, who would have thought that the remnants of this game are still there, but his people are no longer there. Send: launch.Described as a good archer, with no arrows in vain.It is also a metaphor for predicting things like a god and making accurate judgments. "Warring States Policy · Western Zhou Policy": "There are people in Chu who support you, who are good at shooting. They go to the willow leaves and shoot them with a hundred steps, and they hit a hundred shots." Bai Qi, a famous Qin general, defeated South Korea and Zhao successively, causing panic among the princes and kings of Zhou.Seeing that Bai Qi was planning to attack Daliang, the capital of Wei State, and once Daliang was occupied by Qin, the nearby royal family of Zhou would be in danger, so Su Li said to King Zhou: "If Bai Qi attacks Daliang now, Daliang must not be preserved. If Liang is breached, the Zhou dynasty will be in danger, so you should stop him." The king of Zhou thought he was right, so he sent him to lobby Bai Qi.

When Su Li saw Bai Qi, he said to him: "There is a man named Yang Youji in the state of Chu, who is good at archery. He can shoot willow leaves at a hundred paces. Everyone thinks that he is very good at archery. A passer-by said: "You're good at shooting, but I can still teach you about archery." Yang Youji said, "Everyone says you're good at shooting, but you say you can teach me. Why don't you try shooting two arrows?" The passer-by said: "I can't teach you the specific skills of raising the bow with the left hand and drawing the bow with the right, but I can tell you that even if you can hit the willow leaves with every shot, if you are not good at stopping and resting at the right time, you will lose your strength after a while." If you are tired, your bow is not straight, and your arrows are curled, if you miss an arrow, all the previous efforts will be in vain!' Now you have defeated Han and Zhao, killed their generals, and captured many cities. There are many. Now you lead the Qin soldiers to go out to attack Daliang through the land of King Zhou. If you fail to attack, all the previous military exploits will be in vain! You might as well call yourself sick and stay at home."

Arrows never fail irrelevant He has been in the national shooting team for less than two years, and he has practiced a good marksmanship with every shot. It describes that all the things that have been abandoned are set up and prospered. Song Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower": "In the spring of the fourth year of Qingli, Teng Zijing was relegated to Baling County. In the next year, the government will be smooth and the people will be harmonious, and all waste will be prosperous." Fan Zhongyan was a famous politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and also a pioneer of the poetry innovation movement.When he served as a political adviser (deputy prime minister) in the Northern Song Dynasty, he vigorously promoted the Qingli New Deal, which once changed the political atmosphere of the Northern Song Dynasty.Due to the opposition of conservatives, Song Renzong lost interest in reform after the Xixia military threat was lifted, and the Qingli New Deal failed.After the failure of the New Deal, Fan Zhongyan was relegated to Dengzhou, and his former friend Teng Zijing was also relegated to Baling County, Yuezhou as the magistrate.Teng Zijing rebuilt Yueyang Tower in the spring of the second year after he took office, and then wrote to Fan Zhongyan in June, hoping that he would write a note for the rebuilt Yueyang Tower and attach a picture of "Dongting Late Autumn", and Fan Zhongyan agreed.In September of the sixth year of Qingli (June 1046 A.D.), Fan Zhongyan wrote the famous "Yueyang Tower" in his residence in Dengzhou. It shows that although he is far away from the court, he is worried about state affairs and will not give up his ideal despite being persecuted. , and at the same time expressed encouragement and comfort to the friends who were demoted.

The opening chapter of "Yueyang Tower" directly explains the reason for writing this article.He said: "In the spring of the fourth year of Qingli, Teng Zijing was relegated to garrison Baling County. Under his governance, after only one year, the political affairs went smoothly, the people were happy, and all the abolished things began to start and prosper again." After that, the article transitioned from describing the grand view of Yueyang Tower to the mood of climbing the tower and viewing the objects, and compared the description of the sorrow and joy caused by climbing and viewing.Then, Fan Zhongyan denied both of these two feelings of looking at things. He said: "I have explored the mentality of those people with high morals in ancient times, which is different from the above two moods. Their sorrow and joy are not affected by the objective environment. And the influence of the scene does not change because of personal gain or loss. When you are high in the temple and an official, you worry about the people, lest the people have hunger and cold; , for fear that the ruler may be lacking. In this way, they are worried no matter whether they advance or retreat, so when will they be happy? They must answer this way: worry when the people in the world are not worried, and after the people in the world are happy. That's why I'm happy."

To bend: to bend, extended to yield.Unyielding and wavering despite numerous setbacks.Described as strong-willed and resolute. Eastern Han Dynasty · Cai Yong's "Taiwei Bridge Xuanbei": "Its nature is strong, its disease is simple, and it is indomitable, and it is invincible when it comes to the festival." Grandpa Qiaoxuan was born in Suiyang, Liang State at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was born in a family of officials and officials, and showed extraordinary talents since he was a child.When Qiao Xuan grew up, he saw problems brilliantly and uniquely, and was recognized by everyone as a hero.He had an upright personality, hated evil like a vengeful, once exposed the evil deeds of Chen Guoguo's minister Yang Chang, and executed Huang Fuzhen, the corrupt Shangling who broke the law.He also wrote to Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty to impeach Gai Sheng, a doctor in Taizhong, for seizing people's wealth.

Once Qiao Xuan's youngest son was kidnapped by a group of robbers, and the robbers used this as a condition to blackmail him.After receiving the news, the garrison officer Yang Qiu immediately sent troops to rescue.Although the officers and soldiers surrounded the bandits, they did not dare to take any further actions because they were afraid that the bandits would hurt Qiao Xuan's son.Qiao Xuan was very angry when he found out. He said: "The bandits are lawless. How can you indulge them for my son?" He urged the officers and soldiers to act quickly.Later the robber was captured, but Qiao Xuan's youngest son was also killed by the robber. Because Qiao Xuan dared to confront the evil forces, he was highly respected by the people at that time.When Cai Yong, a great writer, wrote a stele for him, he praised him for his noble character of "persevering in spite of setbacks and being invincible in the face of major festivals". indomitable quit We persevered and, through arduous efforts, finally drove away the invaders and won the independence of the country and the nation. Stiff: fall down.It is a metaphor that a powerful group or individual is not easy to collapse for a while. Three Kingdoms Wei Cao's "Six Dynasties": "The old saying goes: 'The centipede will not be stiff until death', and there are many people who support it. Although this statement is small, it can be compared to big." Cao Jiong, the initial character, was born in the state of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. He belongs to the same line as Cao Cao and is the ancestor of Wei Shaodi Cao Fang.When Cao Fang succeeded to the throne, she was still young, and Cao Shuang dominated the government and became domineering.Cao Jiong wrote "On the Six Dynasties" to influence Cao Shuang, but Cao Shuang could not accept it.Later, Sima Yi staged a coup when Cao Shuang followed Emperor Shao to visit the tomb of Wei Ming Emperor, closed the city gate, and then listed Cao Shuang's various crimes, and falsely ordered the empress dowager to remove Cao Shuang and his brothers from all official positions.Cao Shuang had no soldiers in his hands, so he blamed him and asked to die.Sima Yi then executed all Cao Shuang brothers and his party members, and took the power into his own hands. Cao Jiong said at the end of "The Six Dynasties": "It has been twenty-four years since the rise of the Great Wei Dynasty. After looking at the rise and fall of the previous generation, I don't know how to learn from it. The children of the clan cannot participate in the country's government. This is not stability. The state, the method of building an immortal inheritance. If the fountain dries up, the water dries up; A lot of worms will not fall down after death', this is because there are many supporters. Although this sentence is simple, it can be used to describe a big truth. I hope you will not be arrogant when you are stable, and when you are peaceful Take precautions and always have a sense of crisis. In this way, even if the world changes, there will be no disaster of overturning and perishing." It should be noted that the enemy has been entrenched and operating there for a long time, although they have been crushed, and the centipedes are dead but not stiff, the work of cleaning up cannot be ignored. Ban: Lu Ban, an ancient craftsman.Playing with an ax in front of Luban's gate.It is a metaphor to show off one's abilities in front of experts and to overestimate oneself. Tang Liu Zongyuan's "Preface to the Poetry Singing and Poems of the Brothers of the Wang Family": "Handling the ax at the gate of Ban and Ying, Si Qiang Yaner." Lu Ban is a native of Lu State in the late Spring and Autumn Period. His surname is Gongshu and his name is Ban, so he is often called Lu Ban.Born in a family of craftsmen, he has accumulated rich practical experience since childhood.Luban made many inventions in machinery, civil engineering, and handicrafts. It is said that he invented the ladder for siege, the saw for logging, the bamboo harrier that can fly, the hook distance for boat warfare, and the curved ruler, ink fountain, plane, chisel, etc. Grind, grind, lock, etc.Due to his outstanding contribution and great influence, Lu Ban was honored as the patriarch by later generations of craftsmen. Lu Ban's family members are also skilled craftsmen.For example, when Lu Ban was doing carpentry work, his mother held the end of the ink thread when he used the ink fountain to let it go. Later, his mother tied a small hook to the end of the thread, so that one person could operate it.Later generations called the small hook at the end of this kind of ink thread "banmu".For another example, it turned out that when Lu Ban was planing wood, his wife supported the wood. Later, his wife invented the bayonet to withstand the wood, which was later called "Ban's wife".It is said that the umbrella was also invented by Lu Ban's wife. "Preface to Wang's Brothers Singing He Poems" is the preface written by Liu Zongyuan, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, for the collection of poems of his family friend Wang.Because they are family friends, the Wang family is called brother-in-law, that is, the relationship between the two is like brothers.In the preface, Liu Zongyuan said modestly that Wang's poems and essays are very well written, and writing a preface for it himself is like an ordinary craftsman showing off with an ax in front of Lu Ban or another skilled craftsman from Chu State. According to one's ability! In front of a top expert like Tanhua, if we started to fight with fists and kicks, wouldn't it be just playing tricks and making people laugh at us. Stop halfway.It is a metaphor for doing things with a beginning and an end. "Book of Rites The Doctrine of the Mean": "A gentleman follows the way, and if he gives up halfway, I am not capable." "The Doctrine of the Mean" is an important chapter in the "Book of Rites", and it is also called "Four Books" together with "University" and "Mencius", mainly describing the doctrine of the mean.The doctrine of the mean is the political and philosophical thought of Confucianism, which advocates impartiality in dealing with people and things, neither too much nor too little. "The Doctrine of the Mean" records and sorts out Confucius' speeches. There is a passage in which Confucius said: "Some people in the world live in seclusion and behave strangely. Although later generations praise them, I don't want to do such things. Some gentlemen follow Acting according to the golden mean often stops halfway, and I will not stop halfway. Some gentlemen follow the golden mean, even if they are hidden in the world and are not understood by people, they will never regret it. Only a sage can do this. " Beginning and end Beginning and end Doing things can't be done halfway, but should start well and end well. There is an ulterior motive hidden in my heart. "Zuo Zhuan Zhaogong Year": "A small country is innocent, and if it relies on the facts of its crimes, it will rely on the stability of a big country to calm itself, and nothing is to hide evil intentions." During the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Chu broke its promise many times, which left a bad reputation among the vassal states.In 541 BC, Duke Yin (Prime Minister) of Chu State led his troops to visit Zheng State and married the daughter of Gongsun Duan's family at the same time.When they were going to live in an inn in the city, the people of Zheng Guo suspected that they were deceitful and feared that they would launch a surprise attack in the city, so they sent diplomat Ziyu to politely decline them and let them live in a hotel outside the city. After the visit and talks, Gong Ziwei was ready to lead the army into the city to welcome his relatives again. The prime minister of Zheng State, Zi Chan, was still worried, so he sent Zi Yu to decline, saying: "Because our country is too small to accommodate the people who follow us, please allow us Clean up the place outside the city and wait for orders." Prince Wei sent Dazai Bo Zhouli to reply, "I have received the favor from your monarch to give us Ling Yinwei, and said to Wei, 'I will let the Feng family be your wife'. Wei Wei After setting up a sacrificial feast, we greeted the relatives only after worshiping and praying in the ancestral temples of the former emperors of our country, Zhuangwang and Gongwang. If the Feng family is given to Wei in the wild, it is tantamount to throwing the king's reward in the grass, which is tantamount to belittling The status of the son Wei prevents him from being in the ranks of high officials. Not only that, but also because Wei deceived his deceased monarch, he will be demoted and can no longer be the minister of our country, and I am afraid that he will not be able to return to the country. I hope Please think about this, sir." Ziyu said: "A small country is not guilty. If it does not prepare itself, it is really guilty of relying on a big country. It originally planned to rely on a big country to stabilize itself, but I am afraid that the big country has hidden ulterior motives to plot against itself." Gongzi Wei and his men Knowing that Zheng Guo was on guard against himself, he asked to enter the city with an empty bow and arrow bag hanging upside down, and Zheng Guo agreed. malicious Open-minded We must not be insensitive to those bad guys who harbor evil intentions. Salary: Firewood.Holding firewood to fight the fire.It is a metaphor to use the wrong method to eliminate the disaster, but to expand the disaster. "Historical Records Wei Shijia": "Qifu regards the land as a matter of Qin, like holding a salary to put out a fire. If the salary is not exhausted, the fire will not be extinguished." In 276 BC, King Wei Zhao died, and his son King Anli came to the throne.Within three years, Qin State captured eight cities of Wei State.In the fourth year, the Qin State defeated the coalition forces of Han, Zhao, and Wei and killed 150,000 people.General Duan Gan of the State of Wei asked to cede Nanyang again and make peace with Qin.King Anli has blindly compromised and compromised since he ascended the throne, ceding land for peace, and was ready to agree to Duan Gan's request.At this time, Su Qin's younger brother Su Dai said to King Anli: "It is Duan Gan who wants to get the seal (promotion), and Qin who wants to get the land. Now you let those who want to get the land be in charge of the official seal, and those who want to get the official seal are in charge of the land. In this way, the land of Wei State will not end until it is completely lost. Besides, using the land to serve Qin State is like holding firewood to put out a fire. The fire will not go out until the firewood is burned out." add fuel to the fire Drain from the bottom The sufferings of the people have nothing to do with the gentlemen. They are not only insensitive in this regard, but put out their wages to fight the fire. The harm of this kind of bureaucratic rule is simply too profound. The shadow of the crossbow in the wine glass is like a snake.It is a metaphor for being suspicious, disturbing each other, and causing unnecessary panic. Eastern Han Dynasty·Ying Shao's "General Customs · Strange Gods · There are many people who are horrified and self-injured in the world": "The ancestor of Yu Chen is the order to invite the master Du Xuan on the summer solstice. When the wine is given, there is a hanging on the north wall. The red crossbow shines in the cup, its shape is like a snake, and it is said that it is evil, but dare not not drink it. One day, it will be sick, and the cloud snake enters the stomach. Later, the envoy of Chen Xuan set up wine in the old place, and there was a snake in the cup again, because Said Xuan: "This is the ear of the crossbow shadow on the wall, there is no other fault." Then Xuan understood, and I was very happy." Ying Shao's ancestor, Ying Chen, was the county magistrate in Ji County, Henan Province, and he hosted a banquet for Du Xuan, the chief secretary, on the day of the summer solstice.When Ying Chen invited Du Xuan to drink, the shadow of the crossbow hanging on the north wall shone into the cup, like a snake.Du Xuan was afraid, but he dared not stop drinking.Du Xuan fell ill the same day after drinking, saying that he had eaten snakes in his stomach.Later, Ying Chen asked Du Xuan to re-place a glass of wine in the same place where the wine glass was placed last time, and saw a snake inside the glass.So he said to Du Xuan: "This is actually the shadow of the crossbow on the wall, not any other weird things." Du Xuan was relieved all of a sudden, feeling very relaxed and happy. All trees and trees are soldiers Xiaoxin stepped on the rope and thought it was a snake, so frightened she cried, it looked like a snake shadow! Use a small glass of water to put out a fire caused by a large cart of firewood.Metaphors have little power and are useless. "Mencius·Gaozi 1": "A man who is benevolent today is like saving a fire with a glass of water." The promotion of benevolence and love is the consistent position of Confucianism.Mencius believed that "benevolence" must be able to overcome "inhumanity", but in some cases, there is a comparison between the strength of "benevolence" and "inhumanity".Therefore, sometimes when "inhumanity" is dominant, those who practice benevolence and righteousness may temporarily be unable to defeat those who do not practice benevolence and righteousness, but "benevolence" itself cannot be doubted because of this special situation.This point of view of Mencius is recorded in "Mencius·Gaozi 1", Mencius said: "benevolence is better than no benevolence, just like water is better than fire after all. People who exercise benevolence today are like using a small cup of water to save a large cart of firewood. Fire, if the fire cannot be extinguished, it means that the water cannot overcome the fire, and this greatly encourages inhumaneness, which will eventually lead to the loss of benevolence." to no avail The current salary of ordinary people is only one or two thousand a month, and the price of a house can easily be one million or one hundred thousand. Using salary to buy a house is simply a drop in the bucket. Close the door to self-reflection. "Han Shu Biography of Han Yanshou": "Min Youkun's younger brother said to himself, prolonging his life and greatly hurting him... It's because he was sick and didn't listen to things. Because he went to the lying Chuanshe and closed his mind, a county didn't know what he was doing." Han Yanshou was a famous scholar-bureaucrat in the Western Han Dynasty Xuandi period, his official name was Zuo Fengyi (official name, one of the three assistants who defended the capital Chang'an, the other two were Jing Zhaoyin and You Fufeng).When he held office, he focused on morality and enlightenment, and was deeply loved by the people. After Han Yanshou served as Zuo Fengyi for more than a year, he refused to go out to inspect the counties under his jurisdiction.His deputy reported many times: "You should tour the counties, observe the folk customs, and inspect the achievements of the officials." Han Yanshou said: "There are wise chiefs in every county, and my visit to the counties will only increase the annoyance. "The deputies still urged, thinking that it was spring, and they could go out for an inspection to persuade Nongsang.Han Yanshou had no choice but to go out to inspect.When they arrived in Gaoling County, a pair of brothers among the people sued for land, and they each complained and argued to Han Yanshou.Han Yanshou was very sad and said: "I was fortunate to get this position to be an example for a county, but I can't preach and educate, which leads to mutual lawsuits among the people, which not only hurts the customs and enlightenment, but also makes wise officials at all levels suffer. Humiliation, the fault is mine, I should take the blame and resign." For a whole day, Han Yanshou complained that he was sick and ignored his business, and went back to lie in the station, closing the door to reflect on himself.People in the whole county didn't know what he was doing, and all the officials tied themselves up to wait for punishment.So the relatives of the two brothers blamed each other, and the two brothers also regretted it very much. They both shaved off their hair and exposed their upper bodies to apologize, willing to give up the land to each other.Han Yanshou was very happy. He invited the two people to entertain them with wine and food, and encouraged them to commend the people who were good at repenting and doing good.From then on, the people in the county under Han Yanshou's jurisdiction all encouraged each other and did not dare to violate the law. Everyone lived in harmony and had a harmonious relationship. When there is a mistake, instead of just thinking about it behind closed doors, it is better to listen to the opinions of the masses, and it is easier to find the root of the mistake. Soldiers: Weapons.There was no blood on the weapon.Refers to victory without confrontation or fierce fighting. "Xunzi Yibing": "Those who are near are close to him, and those who are far away admire his virtue. Soldiers are bloodless, and those who are far away come to obey." Xunzi's student Chen Xiao asked Xunzi: "Sir, when you talk about the way to use soldiers, you often take benevolence and righteousness as the basis. Ren means loving others, and righteousness means following principles. If this is the case, why use soldiers? Because in our It seems that the reason for using troops is to compete." Xunzi said: "Benevolence means loving people. Just because you love people, you hate others to harm them; righteousness means following principles. Just because you follow principles, you hate others who mess with them. In this way, the reason for using soldiers is to Prohibiting tyranny and eliminating harm is not for contention. Therefore, the army of benevolent people will be fully governed where it stays, and educated and influenced where it passes, just like timely rain. No one dislikes it. Yao, Shun, Da Yu, Shang Tang, Wen Wang, and Wu Wang, these two emperors and four kings galloped through the world with armies of benevolence and righteousness. Therefore, people who are near love their kindness and admire their righteousness from afar. It’s time to return. The above said: “A gentleman is loyal to benevolence and righteousness, and upholds morality. It is precisely because of this that he has been in charge of the country for a long time.” This is what it said.” win without a fight bloody battle The People's Liberation Army liberated the city without bloodshed. Refers to the use of tactics to confuse the enemy as much as possible when fighting with troops. "Han Feizi Nan Yi": "Duke Wen of Jin was about to fight the people of Chu, and he called his uncle to ask him, saying: 'I will fight against the people of Chu, and I am outnumbered, what should I do?" , A gentleman who is rich in etiquette is not tired of loyalty and trustworthiness, and he is not tired of deceit in battle. The gentleman is just deceitful.'” Duke Wen of Jin was about to fight against the people of Chu. He summoned his uncle and asked him, "I will fight against the people of Chu. They are many and we are few. What should we do?" : A gentleman who pays attention to etiquette will not be too loyal and trustworthy; in war, he will not be too deceived and disguised. You just need to deceive them.” Later Jin Wengong adopted his suggestion as a temporary expedient measure to guide The battle of Jin Chucheng Pu. In the decisive battle, the Jin army adopted the combat policy of attacking the flanks of the Chu army first, and then attacking the central army, aiming at the strength of the Chu army's central army, the weakness of the left and right wings, and the weakness of the Chu army commander Ziyu's pride and underestimation of the enemy.At the beginning of the battle, Xu Chen, the deputy general of the Jin army, covered the horses driving with tiger skins, and unexpectedly attacked the right army with the worst combat effectiveness on the flank of the Chu army.The Chu army's right-wing troops thought it was really a tiger rushing over, and they retreated in fright. The Jin army took advantage of the victory to pursue and defeated it. Then the Jin army used the tactics of luring the enemy to attack, and then dividing and gathering to deal with the left wing of the Chu army.The general of the Jin army, Hu Mao, deliberately erected two large flags on the car, and led the car back, pretending to retreat.At the same time, Luan Zhi, the general of the Jin army, also dragged the branches with a chariot behind the formation, kicked up the dust on the ground, and pretended that the Jin army behind him was also retreating, so as to lure the Chu army to attack.Ziyu, the commander-in-chief of the Chu army, didn't know what to do, and ordered the left-wing army to pursue.Seeing that the Chu army had fallen into a trap, Xian Zhen, the chief general of the Jin army, immediately commanded the most elite central army to attack the left flank of the Chu army.Facing a powerful attack on the left wing of the Chu army, their retreat was cut off again, and they were completely encircled and wiped out soon.Ziyu, the commander-in-chief of the Chu army, saw that both the left and right armies were defeated, and the general situation was over, so he ordered the Chinese army to leave the battlefield quickly, so that the Chinese army could be saved.After the Chu army was defeated, they retreated southwest to Liangu, and Ziyu was forced to commit suicide immediately. The Jin army won the final victory in the battle of Chengpu. Confucius later commented: "Jin Wengong not only knew the short-term workarounds, but also understood the long-term interests of all generations, so it is only natural that he became the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period." Blindness: An ancient medical term, the fat at the apex of the heart is ointment, and the fat between the heart and the diaphragm is called blindness.This is considered to be a place where the power of medicine cannot reach.Refers to a dangerous disease that cannot be cured.Later, it was also used as a metaphor for serious problems and irreparable problems. "Zuo Zhuan Ten Years of Cheng Gong": "The male disease, seek medical treatment from Qin... The doctor came, saying: 'The disease cannot be cured, it is above the blind, under the ointment, it cannot be attacked, it cannot be reached, and the medicine cannot As far as it goes, there is nothing to do.'” During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Jinggong, the king of the state of Jin, fell ill. Soon he dreamed of a big ghost, whose long hair fell to the ground. .I have asked the Emperor of Heaven and obtained his permission to take revenge." The big ghost broke the door and the bedroom door and ran in.Jinggong was frightened and hid in the inner room, but the big ghost broke down the door of the inner room again.After Jinggong woke up, he asked the wizard, and the wizard said: "This dream probably means that you will not be able to eat the new wheat that is about to be harvested, and you will die soon." Jing Gong's condition worsened, and he sought medical treatment from the state of Qin, and the king of the state of Qin sent a doctor.Before the doctor arrived, Duke Jing dreamed of two children again. They said, "That man is very skilled in medicine. He might hurt us. Where should we flee?" One of them said, "Hide above the blind, under the ointment." What can he do to us?" The doctor looked at us when he arrived and said, "This disease cannot be cured. The focus of the disease is above the blindness and under the ointment, and neither acupuncture nor medicine can reach this place." Jinggong said in admiration: " What a brilliant doctor!" After the wheat was harvested in June, Duke Jing wanted to eat new wheat, so he sent a man from Dian (official name) to offer new wheat, and the royal chef cooked it. Then he summoned the wizard, showed him the meal made of new wheat, and killed him .When he was about to eat, Duke Jing suddenly felt his stomach bloated, so he went to the toilet, but fell into it and died. hopeless rejuvenation This man has committed all kinds of bad things, and he is terminally ill, beyond salvation. A metaphor for illusory or unfounded speculation. "Hanshu·Jiaosi Zhixia": "Listen to his words, full of ears, if you will meet, ask for it, swing like the wind to catch the scenery, and you will never get it." In the later years of Emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty, because he had no son, he especially liked ghosts and gods.Many people who wrote letters to talk about sacrifices and alchemy received official positions awaiting imperial edicts.These people spend a lot of money on sacrifices and alchemy, but none of them have obvious effects.Gu Yong persuaded the emperor: "I heard that if you want to understand the nature of heaven and earth, you must not be confused by gods and monsters; if you want to know the nature of all things, you must not be deceived by different types. Those alchemists have abandoned the righteous way of benevolence and justice, and did not abide by the Five Classics. They are all evil people who deceive everyone. They rely on heresy ways and hypocrisy in order to deceive the monarch. Listening to their talks, they talk endlessly, as if they will meet immortals immediately. If you go to Visiting immortals, but empty, like trying to catch the wind and catch the shadow, can't find it. Therefore, the wise monarch stays away from them and will not listen to their nonsense. He once said: "Confucius does not talk about weirdness and ghosts. 'I hope your Majesty will stay away from these things, and don't let evil people have the opportunity to spy on the court." Gu Yong's words were indeed very reasonable, and they were approved by the emperor. hearsay hear and see Fortune-tellers like to say some weird words that no one can understand, and then create some pretentious statements to defraud money by observing words and expressions. To succeed: to fulfill one's wish, to be satisfied.This refers to a disgruntled and misbehaving person.Later, it generally refers to people who violate the law and discipline and do evil. "Zuo Zhuan·Xianggong Ten Years": "At the beginning, Zi Si was Tian Wei, and the Si family, Du family, Hou family, and Zi Shi family all lost Tian Yan. Therefore, those who did not succeed in the five clans gathered together because of the disciples of the son. .” Zisi was a native of Zheng Guo in the Spring and Autumn Period. He supported Zheng Jiangong, killed the opposition, and became the ruling minister.After Zisi presided over the state affairs, he rehabilitated the ditches and ridges in the fields, which damaged the land of the nobles Si, Du, Hou, and Zishi.So these nobles united, gathered a group of disaffected people, and launched a rebellion. The rebel army invaded the capital and the palace, killed Zisi, Sima (the highest military officer) Ziguo, Sikong (the highest engineering construction officer) Zier, and kidnapped the monarch.Zisi's son, Zixi, heard that there was a rebellion, and pursued it without preparation, so he was unsuccessful, and only contained his father's body.When Zichan, son of Ziguo, heard about it, he first arranged for the guards to guard the gate, and then cooperated with the officials in various fields to rectify the defensive equipment.Before the battle, Zichan packed up his father's body first, and then led the troops to break through the rebel's lair in one fell swoop, quelling the riot. Since then, Zichan has served as the ruling minister of Zheng State for a long time by virtue of his outstanding political ability, and has made important contributions to the stability and development of Zheng State.Zichan's rule of the country was supported by the people, so much so that after his death, the middle-aged people in the state of Zheng cried loudly, and the old people cried like children. desperadoes In order to maintain social stability, we must resolutely crack down on those who fail. Ask people who are inferior to you in status and knowledge with an open mind and don't think it is disrespectful. "The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang": "Smart and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask, so it is called literature." Kong Yu was a senior official in the state of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was smart, studious, and very humble.At that time, for a monarch or a person of high social status, after his death, he should be given a title with appraising or derogatory meaning according to his life's contribution and conduct, that is, posthumous title.Kong Yu was given the posthumous title of "Wen" after his death, which meant to praise his conduct throughout his life, and later generations honored him as Kong Wenzi.Zi Gong, a student of Confucius, didn't know much about Kong Yu, so he asked Confucius: "Why did Kong Wenzi get the posthumous title of 'Wen'?" Confucius replied: "He is smart and flexible, loves learning, and is very humble. It is shameful to learn from people whose status is lower than yours, so everyone uses the character 'Wen' as his posthumous title." In fact, Confucius himself was very modest and eager to learn. When he was fifteen years old, he aspired to study and worked hard for it all his life.At the same time, Confucius is good at learning from anyone who is better than himself. He believes that he has no fixed teacher, even if there are three people in the same company, there must be someone worthy of his own learning.同时，他讲究有甄别、有选择地学习，应当学习别人超过自己的好的方面，对于他们的缺点，则应当对照着检查自己，如果自身也存在这些缺点就应该赶快改正。 移樽就教 好为人师 不耻下问是增长知识最为有效的方法。 栗：哆嗦，发抖。不冷而发抖。形容极为恐惧。 《史记·酷吏列传·义纵传》：“是日皆报杀四百余人，其后郡中不寒而栗。” 义纵是汉武帝时以严酷著称的官吏。他少年时曾经和人一起抢劫，结伙为强盗，他姐姐凭借医术得到太后的宠幸，义纵也因此成了官吏。他处理政事非常严酷，很少有宽容的时候。在当县令的时候，他依法办事，不回避权贵和皇亲，因为逮捕审讯皇太后的亲戚，受到皇帝的赏识，而提升他为河内都尉。他一到河内就铲除了那里的豪强，以至于河内郡的人们在路上都不捡拾别人遗失的东西。当他升任为南阳太守的时候，南阳的豪门都逃走，那里的官员和百姓也都非常谨慎、害怕。 因为朝廷军队屡次从定襄出发攻打匈奴，定襄的官员和百姓人心散乱，于是朝廷调派义纵担任定襄太守。义纵到任后，将监狱中关押的二百多名重刑犯，以及私自前去探望他们的兄弟、熟人二百多人一起逮捕，在一天之内判定处死了这四百多人。从此以后定襄郡的人们害怕得即使不冷也会打哆嗦，一方面因为义纵如此严酷的治理手段，另一方面因为有奸猾的人在帮助官吏处理政事。 义纵虽然严酷，但是他缺乏远大的眼光，志趣只在琐屑的小事上，所以在他的治理下，奸邪之事最终越发增多，于是皇帝直接特派的官员开始出现。一次，杨可受皇帝委派处理案件，义纵认为这样会扰乱百姓，就部署官吏捉拿替杨可干事的人。皇帝听说后，派杜式去处理这事。杜式认为义纵废弃了尊敬皇帝的礼节，破坏了天子要办的事情，最后将义纵处死示众。 毛骨悚然 镇定自若 时间已过去好久，但只要一回想起那个恐怖的场面，他就不寒而栗。 胫：小腿。本义表示没有腿却能跑动。后用来形容事物传播迅速，风行一时。 东汉·孔融《论盛孝章书》：“珠玉无胫而自至者，以人好之也，况贤者之有足乎？” 盛宪，字孝章，东汉三国时期吴地的名士，和孔融是好朋友。孙权的哥哥孙策平定东吴后，把对自己构成威胁的英雄豪杰一一铲除。盛宪曾任吴郡太守，在当地很有名望，影响力不小，因此孙策对他非常忌惮。孔融作为好友，时时为他担心，生怕他被孙策杀掉。 于是有一天，孔融给曹操写了一封信，大力推荐盛宪，希望曹操招纳他。孔融在信中写道：“曹公您致力于匡助和恢复汉室，拯救汉家行将灭绝的宗庙社稷。而拯救汉室的方法，实质在于求得贤士。因为人们的爱好，珠宝玉器即使没有腿脚，都能自己到来。何况贤人自己有腿脚，只要真心求贤，哪能得不到呢？如今海内名士，凋零衰落，只有会稽的盛孝章还活着。但孝章现在被孙策压制束缚，妻儿也不在身边，孤单危险，忧愁困苦时刻伴随着他，假如忧愁能让人损伤的话，他恐怕都活不了多长时间了。假如曹公您能派一位使者，拿着您的征召命令，那么不但可以为自己招来一位贤士，而且可以成全我们的朋友之道。” 曹操采纳了孔融的意见，征召盛宪为骑都尉，但命令尚未到达，盛宪就被孙权杀害了。 不翼而飞 鲜为人知 白居易的诗文浅近平易，就连老人和小孩子也都喜欢诵读。因此不胫而走，传遍天下。 救、药：挽救、救治。指病重得无法医治。比喻事态已严重到无法挽救的地步。 《诗经·大雅·板》：“多将，不可救药。” 周厉王姬胡是西周第十位国君，他即位后，昏庸无道，贪财好利，一方面剥夺贵族权力，另一方面加重对劳动人民的剥削，试图将社会财富和资源完全垄断，因此招致了社会各个阶层的不满。针对人们的不满，周厉王又施行高压政策，派人监视民众的言行，谁敢妄加议论，就立即杀死。人民忍无可忍，群起反抗，周王朝的统治越来越不稳固。 面对这种情况，大臣凡伯极力劝谏周厉王改变暴虐的政治，挽救国家。《板》就是凡伯劝谏周厉王的一首长诗，其中一节写道：“上天正在逞威肆虐，不要这样盲目快乐。我的内心一片诚恳，小伙子们却骄傲自得。我所说的并非老昏之言，你们却拿来取笑戏谑。你们荼毒生灵，气焰日渐嚣张，真是病重得不能救治。” 可惜周厉王听不进任何意见，依旧我行我素，人民忍无可忍，于公元前841年发生暴动。平民和奴隶们拿起武器，冲进王宫，周厉王仓皇逃走。西周从此衰落下去，出现了分崩离析的局面。 病入膏肓 rejuvenation 做学问的人，如果患了穿凿的毛病，就将不可救药。 形容在压力和困难面前不屈服，不低头。 《汉书·叙传下》：“乐昌笃实，不桡不诎，遘闵既多，是用废黜。” 王商是西汉有名的大臣，曾任汉成帝的丞相。他为人耿直，作风正派。汉元帝逝世后，汉成帝即位，非常敬重他。可是成帝的舅父王凤利用独揽大权的机会骄横跋扈，经常冒用皇帝的名义行事。王商在议论国政时批评王凤的做法，王凤从此对他心生不满。 汉成帝建始三年(公元前30年)秋天，京城长安忽然谣传要发大水，百姓恐慌，争相逃命，长安城中一片混乱。消息传到宫中，汉成帝亲自召集三公九卿等中央高级官员商议。王凤惊慌失措，认为皇帝、太后及嫔妃们应该赶快坐上船只，其他官吏和民众则赶快躲到城墙上，大臣们都纷纷附和王凤的意见。只有王商坚决反对，他认为这一定是谣言，在这个关键时刻下令登上城墙会更加惊扰百姓，汉成帝采纳了王商的意见。过了几天，城里也逐渐平定下来，调查的结果证实是谣言。汉成帝于是认为王商老成持重，经常称赞他的主张。而王凤非常惭愧，后悔自己说错了话，对王商也更加没有好感。 王凤有个亲戚担任琅邪太守，因为没有尽到管理的职责而出现过失，王商就安排人对他进行审查。王凤代亲戚向王商求情，但王商坚持原则。王凤就更加怨恨王商，千方百计搜寻他的短处，然后派人诬陷。汉成帝平素非常器重王商，并不相信，就下诏不让过分追究。但王凤固执坚持，成帝无奈，最后只得罢免了王商的丞相职务。三天后，王商吐血而亡。 班固在《汉书》中评论说，王商因为淳厚朴实，坚强不屈，才遭遇许多灾祸，最终被废黜。 中国人民，百年以来，不屈不挠、再接再厉的英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国。 解：明白，理解。指读书只求领会要旨，不刻意在字句上花功夫。后指对待学习、工作不认真，不求深入理解。 东晋·陶渊明《五柳先生传》：“不慕利，好读书，不求甚解，每有会意，便欣然忘食。” 东晋大文学家陶渊明辞官归隐后，便过起“躬耕自资”的隐士生活。到了晚年，生活困苦窘迫，但他并不后悔自己选择的生活道路，而是以古代的圣贤颜回自比，清高洒脱，怡然自得。《五柳先生传》是他晚年表明自己心志的一篇作品，文章以“五柳先生”自比，说：先生不知道是什么地方人，也不清楚他的姓名字号。因为住宅边有五棵柳树，就以“五柳”作为称呼。他性格闲静，言语不多，不慕名利。喜欢读书，重在把握主旨、要领，而不钻牛角尖，不过分在字句上进行繁琐考证。每有新的领悟，就高兴得忘了吃饭。天性好酒，但因为家境贫穷不能常常得到。亲戚或老朋友知道这种情况，有时就准备了酒请他来喝。他只要一去总是喝光，想着一定要喝醉才行。喝醉退席后，也并不在乎离开还是留宿。家里四壁空空，遮不住风吹和日晒。短短的粗布衣服破破烂烂，补丁重叠；家里常常断粮，但心里安宁恬淡。他常写文章自娱自乐，显示自己的志趣。他完全忘记了得失，并坚守这种原则，直到生命的结束。 Swallow dates whole 追根究底 如果我们在学习上的态度是不求甚解的话，那么学到的知识是有限的。 不深入到老虎的巢穴，哪里能得到小虎崽呢？比喻不冒风险不实践，就不能取得大的成功。 《后汉书·班超传》：“不入虎穴，不得虎子。当今之计，独有因夜以火攻虏，使彼不知我多少，必大震怖，可殄尽也。” 汉明帝永平十六年(公元73年)，班超奉命出使西域。到达鄯善国后，鄯善国国君广刚开始接待的礼节非常恭敬周到，后来忽然变得粗疏怠慢。细心的班超察觉到了这一点，就对他的随行官员说：“你们是否觉得广的礼仪淡薄了呢？这一定是有北方匈奴的使者来了，使得广犹豫不定，不知道该依附哪一方。”接着，班超又叫来接待服侍他的人诈问：“匈奴的使者来了好几天，现在在哪里？”服侍的人惶恐不安，交代了全部实情，班超就把他关起来，然后召集手下的三十六名军官喝酒。喝到痛快处，班超鼓动他们说：“你我现在都身处绝境，只有建立大功才能求得富贵。现在匈奴的使者才来几天，广把对我们恭敬的礼节就废掉了。假如他把我们抓起来送往匈奴，我们的尸骨将被豺狼吃掉。对此怎么办呢？”所有的人都说：“现处在这样危险的境地，我们死活都跟着您。”班超于是说：“不进入老虎的巢穴，就得不到虎崽。现在的办法，只有趁黑夜火攻匈奴使者的驻地，让他们不知道我们的实情，造成他们的慌乱，我们才可以趁机将他们全部消灭。”在班超的带领下，大家依计行事，趁夜放火进攻，杀死三十多人，其余一百多个全部被烧死。鄯善国举国震恐，从此归附了汉朝。 不下深海，焉得蛟龙 对于新设计、新想法要敢于大胆实践，这正是“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”。 识：懂得、了解。时务：当时的形势。指不了解当前的情势或潮流。 《后汉书·张霸传》：“时皇后兄虎贲中郎将邓骘，当朝贵盛，闻霸名行，欲与为交，霸逡巡不答，众人笑其不识时务。” 张霸是东汉时期四川成都人，从小就懂得孝敬和谦让，后来被推举为孝廉，开始从政。在他任职的地方，选拔那些学有专长、品行优异的人出来任职，所以辖区内的人们都争相磨炼自己的志向和节操，追求上进、喜欢学习，连路上都只听得到读书声。他刚任会稽太守的时候，盗贼尚未清除，郡界并不安定。他就张贴文书，悬赏捉拿，有功必赏，没有动用一兵一卒，就清除了盗贼。以至于当时有童谣唱到：“抛掉我的戟，扔掉我的矛，盗贼都已玩完，官吏没事可干。”后来张霸又得到四次提拔，担任了侍中(侍从皇帝左右，出入宫廷，参与朝政，是皇帝亲信看重的官员)。当时皇后的哥哥邓骘，地位高贵，权势显赫，听到张霸的名声和品行，想和他结交，张霸却避而不答，大家都嘲笑他不懂得人情世故。后来邓骘受人诬陷，被贬低官爵，没收资财，绝食而死。张霸到七十岁时才因病而终。 不识时变 通权达变 恐怖分子妄图在今天的中国搞分裂活动，简直是不识时务。 本指霍光不向古人学习，因此所作所为不合道统。后用来形容不喜欢学习，从而缺乏学问、本领。 《汉书·霍光传》：“然光不学亡术，暗于大理，阴妻邪谋，立女为后，湛溺盈溢之欲，以增颠覆之祸，死财三年，宗族诛夷，哀哉！” 霍光是西汉著名将领霍去病同父异母的弟弟，他跟随汉武帝近三十年，是武帝的重要谋臣。他忠于汉室，老成持重，果敢善断，知人善任。汉武帝死后，他受命为汉昭帝的辅政大臣，执掌汉室最高权力近二十年，为汉室的安定和中兴建立了功勋，成为西汉历史发展中的重要政治人物，位列麒麟阁西汉十一位名臣之首。霍光本人十分注意自身的修养，但他不能教育好自己的妻女宗族，为霍氏家族留下了祸根。 汉昭帝没有儿子，因此他死后霍光将长期生活于民间的汉武帝的曾孙刘病已立为皇帝，这就是汉宣帝。汉宣帝在民间时，已娶了小吏的女儿许平君，即位后，大臣们都建议立霍光的女儿霍成君为皇后，但宣帝坚持立许平君为皇后。霍光的妻子一直想让自己的女儿成为皇后，便买通御医，在宣帝即位三年后毒死了许皇后，立霍成君为皇后。三年后，霍光病死。但霍氏一门依仗皇后和皇太后的关系，一如既往地骄奢放纵。宣帝逐渐剥夺霍氏的权力，引起他们的不满，密谋发动政变，结果计划泄露，霍氏遭到灭族。 班固在评论霍光时说：“他拥立昭帝、宣帝，对汉朝的贡献很大，即使周公、伊尹那样的人，也不能超越他。然而霍光不师法古人，没有策略，不明大理，庇护妻子的邪恶阴谋，立女儿为皇后，沉溺于权力之中，而导致了覆灭的灾祸。他死后才三年，家族就被诛灭，真是可悲啊。” 在现代化的社会里，不学无术、没有专长的人是很难有发展机会的。 遗：剩余。本来指没有剩下多少兵力。后来比喻毫无保留地使出全部力量。 《战国策·赵策三》：“秦之攻我也，不遗余力矣，必以倦而归也。” 战国后期，秦国与赵国在长平大战。赵国战败，牺牲了一名都尉。赵王召来大臣楼昌和虞卿说：“我想命令军队轻装急进，再去攻击敌人，怎么样？”楼昌说：“没有用处，不如派遣重要的使臣去讲和。”虞卿说：“说讲和的人，一定是认为不讲和军队一定会打败，但是现在讲和的主动权在秦国一方。再说大王您分析秦国目前的情况，是想打败您的军队呢，还是不呢？”赵王说：“秦国目前的情况是自己已经没有剩下多少战斗力了，但是一定会打败赵军。”虞卿说：“您姑且听我的，派遣使者带着贵重的宝物去结纳楚国和魏国。楚、魏想得到您的宝物，一定会接纳我们的使者。如果赵国的使者到了楚、魏，秦国一定会怀疑我们将要联合起来对付他，也一定会害怕，这时讲和才能成功。” 赵王没有听从虞卿的建议，和平阳君商量讲和的事，派遣郑朱到秦国，秦国接待了郑朱。赵王召见虞卿说：“我派平阳君和秦国讲和，秦国已经接纳了郑朱，您觉得怎么样？”虞卿说：“大王您讲和一定不能成功，军队一定会大败。因为天下庆贺战争胜利的人都在秦国了。再说郑朱是赵国地位显贵的人，他到秦国，秦王一定会拿这事来张扬。那么楚、魏就会认为赵国已经和秦国讲和，也就不会来救援您。秦国知道天下诸侯不会来救