Chapter 73 teaching workshop

An institution established since the Tang Dynasty to manage court music performances and train music talents. There was no Yuefu in the Tang Dynasty. In order to meet their own needs for pleasure, the rulers of the Tang Dynasty vigorously developed folk music, singing, dancing and a hundred operas whose artistic level was far higher than that of elegant music.At the beginning of Tang Gaozu Wude (618-626), he set up a teaching workshop to manage folk music in Taichang Temple, which managed gala music. However, the status of the teaching workshop was not high at that time.In the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (713-741), the national power reached its peak, and the urban and rural areas of the country were singing and dancing everywhere.Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty reformed the Dale Department, separated the musicians who were responsible for performing folk music, and set up five teaching workshops.

The Inner Jiaofang is located next to the Penglai Palace in Da Nei, and it mainly manages Xinsheng, Sanyue and Advocating Youji.These workshops are no longer affiliated with Taichang, but are directly managed by the palace. The female artists with the highest skills and the most beautiful appearance in the teaching workshop are called "insiders", also known as "front people". They live in Yichun Yuan and are treated quite well.The second-class female artists are added from the "Yunshaole" artists during the performance because of the small number of "inners", and they are called "palace people".In addition, there are many common people's women who are selected into the palace because of their beauty, and learn to play pipa, Ruan Xian, konghou, zither and other instruments, and they are called "tanners".

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the scale of the Jiaofang was quite large, and there were as many as 11,400 artists in the Chang'an Jiaofang alone.There are 273 repertoires in Tang Cui Lingqin's "Jiaofang Ji", including the famous "Broken Array", "Lanling King", "Neon Clothes", "Green Waist", "Liangzhou", "Gan State", etc. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was still a Jiaofang, which was divided into four departments: Daqu Department, Faqu Department, Qiucha Department, and Gudi Department.Jiaofang in the Southern Song Dynasty is divided into thirteen divisions, including the 筚篥 Department, the Big Drum Department, the Stick Drum Department, the Clapboard Department, the Flute Color, the Pipa Color, the Zheng Color, the Fang Xiang Color, the Sheng Color, the Wuxuan Color, the Song Ban Color, the Zaju Color, and the Army Color , the scale is also large.In the Ming Dynasty, Jiaofang Division was set up.In the Qing Dynasty, the Sinu music in the abolished teaching workshop was replaced by an internal prison.