Chapter 21 This time I really decided to leave

——Chi Chi, the rogue, hugging Bumaosi Chi Chi, the gangster, holds Bumaosi.The bandits come to Maosi, and when they come, they come to me.Send Zisheqi, as for Dunqiu.The bandits have missed my time, and the son has no good matchmaker.The general is not angry, and autumn is expected. Take the other side of the wall to hope to recover the pass.I don't see it again, and I weep.Seeing the return pass, laughing and talking.There is no blame for Erbur's divination.Come with Erche, bribe with me. The mulberry has not fallen, and its leaves are ferocious.When you are a dove, you have no food for mulberries; when you are a girl, you have nothing to do with scholars.Scholars' procrastination can still be said; women's procrastination cannot be said.

When the mulberry falls, it turns yellow and falls away.Self-proclaimed, poor food at the age of three.Qi water soup soup, gradually car curtains.Women are not happy, and scholars do it differently.Scholars are also extremely poor, and their virtues are two or three. At the age of three, I was a wife, and I was overworked in the house;The words have been fulfilled, as for the violence.The brother didn't know, so he laughed.Think about it quietly, bow yourself in mourning. When you grow old together, it always makes me complain.Qi has shore, and Xi has pan.At the banquet of the chief horn, Yan Yan was laughed at.Make a vow and don't think about it.If you don't think about it, it's too late!

——"Wei Feng · Hooligan" In fact, there are not many long narrative poems in the history of ancient Chinese literature. "The Peacock Flies to the Southeast" bears the brunt of it, and of course there is "The Song of Mulan" which is also known as it, but that has little to do with the relationship between men and women.In fact, nearly a thousand years before the appearance of "Peacock Flying Southeast", "Mug" in "Wei Feng" already had the embryonic form of such a long poem complaining about the tragedy of marriage, but because of its difficulty and age, it was not known to many people.

"Mug" is the leader of abandoned women's poems.The heroine in the poem recalls the sweetness of her love life and the pain of being abused and abandoned by her husband after marriage in a very sad tone. The reading is touching and tears. The poem "Mang" is mainly lyrical, and the story it tells is far less complete and detailed than "The Peacock Flies to the Southeast", but it has truly and meticulously reflected the heroine's experience and fate.Integrate lyrical narratives, sometimes interspersed with lamentative discussions.In these respects, this poem has initially possessed some characteristics of Chinese-style narrative poems.These characteristics more or less influenced the narrative poems of more than 2,000 years later, and it seems that its shadow can be seen in "The Peacock Flies to the Southeast" and "Shuangzhen Pian" by Yao Xie in modern times.

The poem "Mang" has six chapters, with ten sentences in each chapter, which is considered long in this book.But it is not in the form of repeating like other chapters, but it is written naturally according to the order of the development of the characters' fate.It is mainly based on Fu, and also uses Bixing.Empowering narratives and expressing emotions is more important than strengthening narrative and lyrical colors. In the first and second chapters, "Poetry Collection Biography" says: "Fu Ye." It specifically describes the process of a man proposing to the heroine and getting married.It was at a market, a man came to woo a woman in the name of buying silk. "The gangsters come to trade silk, come to me to seek", the writing method is excellent, and the beginning of the chapter points out the man's cunning essence in his memories.Then write that they fell in love: "Send Zi Sheqi, as for Dunqiu."

The man smiled hippiely for a while, and lost his temper for a while, which can be described as both soft and hard.But this simple, love-struck woman can't see through his cunning, changeable, moody nature.Instead, she said very sincerely: "I have missed my date, and I have no good matchmaker. I will not be angry with you, and I hope that autumn will last." It means that someone must be a matchmaker, and finally set the wedding date in autumn.In fact, here, the phrase "the general is not angry" not only expresses the woman's gentle and submissive personality, but also very successfully hints at the violent character hidden under the hippie smiling face of the man.

"Ride on the other side of the wall, looking forward to the return of the pass. If you don't see the return pass, you will cry. When you see the return pass, you will laugh and talk. There is no blame for the body. You come with your car, and I bribe you. From then on, the woman thought about it day and night, and when she couldn't see the man's car, she shed tears of worry; when she saw his car, it was like seeing the person she loved, and she couldn't help smiling.They used divination to predict the good or bad luck of the marriage, and everything went well.When the man sent a car to marry her, she took all the dowry and got married.The narration in these two chapters is vivid and vivid, and the poet's self-image as an innocent girl is also vividly portrayed.Fang Yurun commented on this passage: "If you don't see it, you will be worried, and if you see it, you will be happy. If the husband's love cannot be tolerated, the woman will be infatuated with the lover's ears."Point out the depth of this woman's love.

There are many explanations for "Fuguan" here. Some say that this is the place where men live, while another says that "Fu" means return, and Guan is a checkpoint set up in the suburbs to replace "meng".But there are loopholes in this explanation.Since Fuguan is a fixed place, how can you climb the wall and look at it and you can't see it?Then he said: "Seeing and re-passing."Therefore, there can be another explanation for Fuguan, that is, the car driven by the man.Although he is not a rich man, it can be seen from the first sentence "Baobumaosi" that he is a small handicraft worker and a small businessman who often needs to go out to do business.It is precisely because of such an infatuated woman that seeing cars is like seeing people.I don’t know why, but I still associate complex with the car of a man marrying a woman. Although this connection is not accurate enough in terms of poetry, it easily reminds me of the phrase "Thinking of you makes you old, why is the car late?" A man who is in love with each other is like an emotional destination. If I can't see him for a long time, my heart is naturally anxious.The heart of a daughter to be married has always been fresh, sprouting and weakly uneasy from ancient times to the present.

When I read "Mang" for the first time, I was attracted by the sentence "ride on the other side of the wall to hope to recover the pass" in the second chapter, and thought of the word "immediately above the wall".That is the name of Bai Pu Zaju in the Yuan Dynasty, originally from Bai Juyi's "New Yuefu Well Bottom Citing the Silver Vase". "On the Wall" is adapted accordingly. In "Silver Vase at the Bottom of the Well", Bai Juyi wrote a sad, affectionate and vigilant poem in a woman's tone, which is more vivid and gorgeous than the language in "Mang".There is no way to know whether Bai Juyi drew on "Mang" when he wrote "The Silver Vase at the Bottom of the Well", but there are many similarities between the writing style of "The Silver Pinger at the Bottom of the Well" and "Mang" and the change of the heroine's emotion. Let people associate with each other.

Bai Poetry also describes a young and beautiful woman, "Chan Juan's temples and autumn cicada wings are like two moths in the distant mountains. Laughing and playing in the back garden. At this time, I have not met you at this time." According to Bai Pu's later perfunctory, she is still mature. I got the daughter of a certain official family, the identity card commonly used by beauties in operas.The identity is not important, the important thing is that she, like the woman in "Men", met a man by chance - "The concubine grows green plums and leans on a short wall, and the king rides a white horse and hangs Yang Yang. Immediately look at each other on the wall, and when I see you It's heartbreak."

It would be bad if you broke your heart like this.The secret and quiet thoughts of the daughter's house were completely disturbed by this man.She didn't have the strength to say, "Please don't trample on your private garden."A beautiful woman is always attractive. Next, when a man clings to her, it is conceivable how affectionate and affectionate he is, how much nostalgia he wants. Countless sweet words and vows of eternal love have turned into sugar-coated cannonballs. , normal people can't hold it. "Knowing the king breaks the heart and sharing the king's words, the king guides the pines and cypresses on the mountain. Feeling the pine and cypresses turn into the heart, and secretly cooperating with the two maids to chase the king."-So it is not a man who is unable to extricate himself from the love network, but a woman.Such a process is very clearly written in "Mang": "The leaves of the mulberry are fertile before they fall. When you are a dove, you can't eat mulberry; It can be said, but women's procrastination cannot be said. The mulberry is falling, and it turns yellow and dies. I am a child, and I am poor at the age of three. Qi water soup, gradually wearing clothes. Women are not happy, and scholars are doing their own things. .Scholars are also extremely poor, two or three of them are virtues." The third chapter of "Mang" is "Bi Er Xing Ye", and the fourth chapter "Xing Ye", that is to say, these two chapters are mainly lyrical.Mulberry trees are used in the poems, from the poet's youthful beauty to her physical decline, and at the same time revealing the process of the man's love for her to disgust. "The leaves of the mulberry leaves are fertile before they fall." The lustrous and lustrous mulberry leaves are used as a metaphor for the beauty of a woman's face. "When the mulberry falls, it turns yellow and falls." The withered and yellow falling of mulberry leaves is used as a metaphor for a woman's emaciation and abandonment. "When you are a dove, you don't eat mulberry; when you are a girl, you don't have to hang out with scholars", then use "abstain from doves and don't eat mulberries to make the next sentence abstain from girls and have no time with scholars". ("Biography of Poems") The advantage of the book is that it often speaks what others don't understand and inspires new ideas.We are so used to taking dove poison as love, and saying that infatuation without regret is drinking dove wine with a smile.And Li uses mulberries as a metaphor for love.Mulberries are sweet, and turtledoves tend to get drunk if they eat too much; love is beautiful, but people who are too infatuated are easily deceived.As for the next few sentences: "When you are a girl, you can't be with a scholar. You can still talk about a scholar's delay; you can't talk about a woman's indulgence." A man can still be freed from being addicted to love.Once a woman falls in love, she cannot break free.These few sentences, I have always thought that they are the most reasonable statement of the entanglement between men and women, and they are even the key reason why I am impressed by "Men". It can be seen that the depth of this woman's suffering is not a lesson of blood and tears, nor can she say such a warning reason. From the green mulberry leaves to the yellow and fallen mulberry leaves, it not only shows that the woman grows older and her appearance changes from prosperity to decline, but also implies the passage of time. "Self-sufficiency, poverty at the age of three", it is generally believed that a woman has been married for three years, but there is another explanation: "Three years old, many years. According to 'three' is an imaginary number, it is too much, not actually refers to three years." Regardless of No matter what the explanation is, it is impossible for a woman to grow old. In fact, it means that a woman has been married for several years, and she is exhausted from being busy with a man.The relationship between husband and wife gradually became disharmonious and eventually broke down.The woman had no choice but to take the car again, cross the Qishui River, and return to her natal home.She thought over and over again, she did not make a mistake, but that man's "two or three virtues".Here the woman looks back on her married life in a reflective tone, looking for the reasons for being abandoned, and finally gets a lesson: In a man-centered society, only infatuated women are heartbroken! The fifth chapter of the poem uses Fu to describe the situation before and after being abandoned. The first six sentences are inherited from the previous chapter, "I am self-sufficient, and I was poor at the age of three", supplementing the suffering of being a wife for many years. Due to her hard work, the man has no worries and can work outside with peace of mind.It's a pity that "you change your friends, and you get rich and you change your wife". When you get rich, your husband will be full of warmth and lust, start to love the new and dislike the old, and become violent and cruel. "The words are fulfilled, as for the violence." The word "violence" can make people imagine the ferocious face of the husband and the scene of the heroine being abused. The last four sentences describe how she was ridiculed by her brothers after returning to her natal home. "Shi Ji Zhuan" interprets this passage: "Gai lewdly rushes to follow others, and is not hated by brothers, so he returns after seeing abandonment, and is not sympathized by brothers. If reason is inherent and inevitable, there is nothing to blame, but I mourn for myself. That’s all.” Zhu Xi’s statement that the heroine “runs for sex” is the old-fashioned flavor of Taoism, and we can sneer at it; but other words can help us understand the mental pressure she suffered at that time and the resulting inner conflicts. The experience of women in "Mang" truly reflects the contradiction between love and propriety that existed in the society at that time, as well as the oppression of women by the husband's authority.Ancient rituals believed that when a woman gets married, she must have the orders of her parents and the words of a matchmaker.If you "don't wait for your parents' orders, use the words of a matchmaker, peek at each other through the gaps, and follow each other over the wall, then your parents and the people of the country will be despised." ("Mencius·Teng Wengong Part II") This woman fell in love with a commoner at first sight at the market and made a private engagement for life. Later, she looked at each other on a wall, which was obviously contrary to etiquette, and was finally abandoned by her husband. All ridiculed by brothers.Her ardent pursuit of love had a direct conflict with ethics, which eventually led to her being in a helpless situation. The same is true for the women in Bai Juyi's poems.She followed the man to her husband's house, thinking that she had found support and pursued the happiness she wanted, but unexpectedly she was shameless because she eloped.Her parents-in-law belittled her: "If you hire her, you will be a wife and a concubine", which is straightforward enough and hurtful enough.She even said that she is not worthy to preside over the sacrifice and offer sacrifices to the ancestors, because the ancestors would not like such a shameless woman, and our family does not recognize such a daughter-in-law.But it was like this, the woman suffered all kinds of grievances, but she didn't have the guts to say anything, she kept enduring until she couldn't bear it anymore.The reason is that she has no place and ability to live without this man—"I know that you can't live in your house, but you have nowhere to go when you go out. Don't you have your parents in the high hall? There are also family affections in the hometown. You can't get any news when you sneak in. Sad and shameful today." Bound by etiquette, once separated from a man, he will be criticized by thousands of people and die without illness.So even if this man is no longer useful, having him is like a fig leaf in front of people - after all, you are a woman who is wanted, not someone who is not wanted.Because of this, we can understand why women at that time would rather stay with a man as a bitter wife for the rest of their lives than be divorced as an abandoned wife, and once divorced, it seemed like a matter of life and death. At the beginning of the white poem, the woman uses a Bixing method to explain that the relationship between herself and her husband is so desperate that it cannot be redeemed-"A silver vase is drawn from the bottom of the well, and the silver vase is about to be cut off. .The bottle is heavy and the hairpin is broken. What can I do? I am like a concubine and say goodbye to you." Then, the woman recalled the good time when she fell in love at first sight when she was young. "Hooligan" puts the reminiscences at the end, and the last chapter is both fuss and metaphors, narrating in a lyrical way, recalling when they fell in love, talking and laughing;But he had resentment in his youth, and it was irretrievable.Two metaphors are used here: the vast Qishui always has banks; the vast and continuous swamp also has boundaries.The implication is, why did my pain not end? It must be praised. "Mang" makes full use of the alternate use of Fu Bixing, and always pays attention to the combination of emotion and scenery. It first allows us to glimpse a side of the ancient market trade, and then lets us feel the simple customs of ancient marriages, especially A piece of Qi water is used as the background throughout the poem, which shows the rigor and ingenuity of the conception.For example, "Sending off the child in Qi, as for Dunqiu", describes the reluctance when they fell in love; "Qi water soup, gradually car curtains" describes the scene of being abandoned and then returning to her mother's home after being abandoned; There is shore, and Xi has pan", and the most impressive scenes in life are used to arouse inner feelings.Crossing the same Qi River, with the different situations of the protagonist before and after, the state of mind changes accordingly.This feeling and this scene correspond to the sentence: "Things are people and things are not everything. If you want to speak, tears will flow first." Generally, the situation of good first and then bad always makes people sigh unbearably.The former young girl turned into a concubine, and was tormented by an unbearable man and an unbearable marriage. Not only was her youth destroyed, but also her confidence in the future was destroyed at the same time. To be honest, in such an era, it is difficult to ask a commoner woman to stand up bravely and break out a new world. "Shi Ji Zhuan" says that this paragraph is "Xing Ye", in fact, it is more accurate to say that it is more prosperous than Zhong Zhong.Using these two metaphors, the poet strongly expressed his resentment and told the boundless pain of the abandoned woman.I don't think "Mang" is completely a poem about an abandoned woman. "Swear firmly, don't think about it. If you don't think about it, it's too late!" In front of a man with two or three virtues, after "scholar's deeds", this woman either swallowed her anger, lowered her eyebrows and pleasing to the eye, or just Sorrowful and repentant, but said, "If you don't think about it, it's too late"——since you have changed your mind, our relationship will be broken.She went resolutely, how staunch and strong she was. But can she really do it?Fang Yurun thought: "Although the mouth has spoken, how can the heart forget it?" ("The Original Book of Songs").Yes, judging from this woman's always affectionate character, it is impossible for her to break up with a man emotionally, at least for a while.What is gratifying is that she is able to understand this way, which is much better than the other abandoned wives in the movie. Since the Han Dynasty, a sincere poem like "Mang" has been disgraced by scholars. Those Confucian scholars who did not care about the suffering of women, but observed this poem with moral norms, thought it was "stabbing and running away". Zhu Xi even said: "This adulteress is abandoned by others, but she narrates her own story to express her regret." He further extended: "A gentleman who loses his life and everything collapses, why is it different? Quiet!" I get angry when I read Zhu Xi’s words. He always loses his old face and looks pious, and “whore” grows up and “whore” falls short. The view of festivals is severe, otherwise it is "sexual mourning".I don't know what kind of stimulation he received during puberty, his thinking is so extreme! Fang Yurun from the Qing Dynasty is more fair, and his "Book of Songs Original" is also well written.He commented that this poem was "written for an abandoned woman", and compared it with "Ancient Poems Written by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife" (that is, "The Peacock Flies to the Southeast"), he believed that "this woman is always a mistake in love", which can be said to hit the nail on the head. "Mang" can top the list of abandoned women's poems, which naturally has its unique features.Its main artistic feature is the use of memory and contrast techniques.In particular, the use of contrasting techniques is extremely prominent.There is a comparison between the personality of a woman and a "rogue", a comparison of words and deeds before and after a "rogue", and a comparison of the changes in thoughts and feelings of a woman before and after. "Rogue" not only highlights the character's personality through contrast, but also writes about the development of the character's character, and outlines two distinct characters.What is particularly valuable is that while showing the tragic fate of the heroine, it can grasp the deep and complex emotions, whether joy or sorrow, love or hate, and create a flesh and blood image of a woman with a distinctive personality.Some people think that it already has a dramatic factor, which is not for nothing.The main factor of drama is to portray the character of the main characters in conflict.Marriage changes have existed since ancient times, and it is rare that "Mug" captures folk customs, writes about civil affairs, and is objective and realistic. There is no need to sum up the tragedy of "Mang" today, and it is not as thorough as Bai Juyi said-"One day of kindness for the king, and a hundred years of concubine's life. Send words to idiots, be careful not to lighten your body to others! " Only when a man sees a man can he catch a glimpse of the crane crest scattered in the hearts, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys.