Chapter 47 Emperor Renzong of Qing Dynasty Jiaqing——Aixinjueluo Yongyan

① Heart and body, which is a metaphor for the backbone of cronies. "Shangshu Junya": "Today, Er Yuyi is ordered to be the arm, arm, and heart." Also, "Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Zhou Yu": Zhuge Jin and others said: "The minister steals Yu from the past to see the favor, and enters the heart. , go out as a minion, go out to fight under orders, serve as a stone, do your best, and regard death as home."

This is an epic poem.Aixinjueluo Shunyan is good at summing up historical experience and lessons in reading, and often writes down his reading impressions in the form of poems.He has written many articles such as "Han Bitang Self-Police", "Reading "Historical Records", "Reading "Shangshu", "Reading "Tongjian", "Reading "Tongjian Chronicles" and so on.And "Reading" is one of the author's "Reading" series of poems. The poem is in the ancient style of five characters, rhyming with zhe rhyme, and rhyming to the end.However, the whole article can be divided into two parts.The above six sentences from the beginning to "Liu Xiang's success or failure" are the first part, and the title is entered with exclamation.In the first two sentences, the author cleverly uses an allusion to summarize the situation in the world at the end of Qin Dynasty. "Chasing the deer" is published in "Historical Records Huaiyin Marquis Biography": "Kui (Tong) said to him: 'Qin Zhigang is exhausted but Weiwei relaxes, Shandong is disturbed, different surnames come together, and handsome Wuji. Qin loses its deer, and the world chases it together. , So those who are talented and quick-footed will win first." "Historical Records Collection" quoted Zhang Yanyu as saying: "The deer is also used as a metaphor for the emperor's throne." All heroes rose together, and soon there was a struggle between Chu and Han.Who will win?The third sentence answered: "Han prospers and Chu falls." What is the reason?The fifth sentence highlights the whole article: "Knowing people does not know people." In the first part, the narration and discussion are combined, full of emotion, and quickly solve the problem in one go. "Enter the customs first to get the people" and the ten sentences down to the end of the article are the latter part to compare the topics.This is divided into three layers.The first four sentences are written about Liu Bang, and one sentence is one thing.After Liu Bang entered the customs, he "called all the elders and heroes of the counties" to go to Qin's harsh government and the three chapters of the law, and issued a notice for the people: "I came here to eliminate harm for the elders. There is no violence, no fear!" Qin Min was happy and rewarded The sergeant, "I am afraid that Peigong will not be the king of Qin" ("Tongjian Jishi Benmo Gaodi Destroys Chu").The author Yong Yan first grasps Liu Bang's "getting the people", which is really powerful, because "getting the people" is also among the "knowing people", and the support of the people is the key to the success or failure of Liu and Xiang.Emphasizing Liu Bang's solid foundation for victory, the following discussion of the strength of the heart, the words of loyalty and advice, and the hard work of adventures and obstacles have practical significance.This also shows the author's profound skill in structure and management.Then write Xiang Yu in the middle four sentences, which forms a very sharp contrast with Liu Bang written in the previous layer.The author portrays Xiang Yu with only the word "plain husband", and he cherishes ink like gold, but it also appropriately shows the image of Xiang Yu's brave, unplanned, unjust and helpless lonely family.Only by grasping this personality trait can the ending of Xiang Yu's self-reliance, arrogance, and abandonment described below be more convincing.Regarding the reasons for the success or failure of Liu and Xiang, there was an interesting discussion among the monarchs and ministers of the Han Dynasty.According to the "Tongjian Chronicle Benmo Gaodi Destroys Chu", Liu Bang tried to ask one day: "What is the reason why I have the world? What is the reason why the Xiang family lost the world?" Gao Qi and Wang Ling replied: "Your Majesty envoy When a man conquers a city and seizes territory, he benefits the world by giving it to him. Xiang Yu is not the case. Those who have merit will harm him, and the sages will doubt him. This is why he loses the world." However, Liu Bang said unexpectedly: "If you know one, I don’t know the second thing. I’m not as good as Zifang in the midst of planning and winning a decisive victory thousands of miles away; I’m not as good as Xiao He to fill the country, caress the people, give money, and keep food and roads; Attack must be taken, I am not as good as Han Xin. All three are outstanding, I can use them, and this is why I take the world. Xiang Yu has a fan Zeng but can't use it, so I am a bird." Such a comment can be said to be a confidant. The author's excellent summary.The last two sentences are the third layer of the second part, using metaphors to echo the topic. The author naturally let readers see the conclusion in the sharp contrast between Liu and Xiang in the above two layers. "Knowledge is like looking at the torch", a popular and vivid metaphor, it is a matter of course, so that those who "know people" and "don't know people" can be clearly seen in the present.The thesis of the poem has been summarized here, and the structure of the whole article has also been effectively closed.

Although this epic poem is also a discussion poem, it is not boring because it does not deviate from the image principle of literature.From the point of view of the form and technique of the poem, the orderly layout of the plot and the sharp and profound contrasting techniques should be the greatest artistic feature of the poem by the author Yong Yan.