Chapter 48 Emperor Xuanzong Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty——Aixinjueluo Minning
Aixinjueluo Minning (1782-1850), the second son of Renzong.Historical Records: Min Ning is benevolent, filial, intelligent, valiant and mellow, with a humble disposition and a humble personality.During his reign, the Opium War broke out. He was indecisive, war and peace, and finally suppressed Lin Zexu and other anti-Japanese factions, compromised and surrendered to the outside world, and signed a series of treaties that forfeited power and humiliated the country such as the "Nanjing Treaty".Under internal and external persecution, he died in Yuanmingyuan and was buried in Muling (now Taining Town, Yi County, Hebei).The temple name is Xuanzong, known as Emperor Daoguang in history.
The leopard occupies the eagle plate and the sky is dangerous, and the peaks and mountains are layered according to the Xiongguan.
This is a nostalgic poem.The poem describes a key battle between Nurhachi, the Taizu Nurhachi, and the army of the Ming Dynasty before the Qing soldiers entered the Central Plains - the Battle of Sarhu. In April 1619 (the forty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty and the fourth year of Tianming in the Houjin Dynasty), more than 100,000 Ming troops, known as 470,000 troops, gathered from the east, south, west, and north in an attempt to encircle and annihilate Houjin Liuzhou in one fell swoop. Ten Thousand Banner Soldiers.Nurhachi was discerning and good at making judgments, "I will only go all the way" ("Liao Shi Shu·Liao Zuo Bingduan"), so he personally led the Eight Banners army to block the main force of the Ming army on the west front.
The opening sentence first describes the majestic appearance of the "three passes": "Leopards occupy the sky and set dangers." "Leopard" and "diao" are the names of the three passes.The "Three Passes" in Qing Xu Shichang's "Late Qing Poetry Collection" says: "The first pass is named Yalha, which means "leopard" in Chinese; the second pass is named Daimin, which means "diao" in Han; Its name is Zhaka, which means "border" in Chinese." "Heaven creates danger", which means a natural barrier, which is the so-called "time and place".However, "Leopard" and "Eagle" are not only the pass names that the author comes at hand, but also symbolize the bravery and fighting skills of the post-Golden Banner soldiers.The two verbs "to squat" and "to pan" more vividly describe the awe-inspiring and inviolable power of the Houjin defenders.
The second sentence shows the danger of the "Three Passes": "The peaks and mountains are stacked according to the Xiongguan Pass." The land of the Three Passes is among the lofty mountains, which are easy to defend and difficult to attack.Facing these ridges and peaks, the author can't help but think of the desperate battle that took place here two hundred years ago.At that time, 20,000 troops of the Ming West Route Army were stationed at Sarhu, and 10,000 troops went east to attack Jiefan City.Nurhachi sent Daishan and Huang Taiji to lead the two banners to pass through Zakaguan, one of the three passes, to gather troops to intercept the invading enemy, and led the six banners to attack the Sarhu garrison violently. As a result, the Sarhu guards were wiped out in one fell swoop.The enemy who came to invade Jiefan was cut off by the Houjin Shoujun in the Sanguan area, and fell into heavy siege. The Ming army coach Du Song was also killed here, and the entire army was wiped out. "The dead are all over the mountains and fields, blood flows into canals, and those who rush into the Hun River with weapons and corpses spin down like ice thawing" (Volume 5 of "Manchurian Records").Three passes, the leopard occupying the carved plate, creating miraculous achievements in the battle! "According to Xiongguan" means "Xiongguan Ju", the author uses personification to vividly show the majesty of the three dangerous passes.
The first battle of Sarhu became a favorable opportunity for the late Jin to rule the world. For this great feat of profound historical significance, the third sentence of the poem enthusiastically praised: "Xingjing gates and Wangye." "Xingjing", In the west of today's Xinbin County, Liaoning, Jianzhouwei was established in the Ming Dynasty. Aixinjueluo was conferred by the Ming Dynasty as the commander of Jianzhou Zuowei Capital here, and Nurhachi moved the capital here from Hetuala. In the eighth year of Tiancong (1634) It was renamed Xingjing.Its land is east of Sanguan, and the dangerous offensive and defensive situation of Sanguan happens to be a natural gateway to the west of Xingjing.Therefore, in the battle of Saerhu, Sanguan also made great achievements, which enabled Hou Jindun to open up the great career of the Qing emperor.Today, the poet is in the historical sites of Sanguan, and his heart is agitated, and his infinite reverence for the ancestors who laid the foundation and started a business spontaneously arises.
The sentence "Prospering the Jingmen and Prospering the King's Industry" not only expresses the poet's respect, but also reveals the author's ingenuity in word choice and sentence formation.Generally speaking, metrical poems, especially short quatrains, tend to avoid repetitive words and emphasize simplicity and meaning.However, the poem "Three Passes" does not avoid repetition. The use of two "Xing" characters in a sentence not only does not dilute the poetic flavor, but makes a single object in the poem present multiple meanings. The "Xing" in "Xingjing" is just an additional element in a common noun, and it does not have much real meaning in itself, but the author unexpectedly uses the rhetoric of "Xingwangye" to express it as "Xingwangye". ", turning it into a verb, from a simple reference "symbol" to an earth-shattering "feat", showing the "prosperity" of "king industry", which is a natural and inevitable historical trend.The word "Xing" immediately injects ingenuity and ingenuity into the solemn and solemn nostalgic poems.When the poem is written vividly, the historical heroic image of "Xing Wangye" also comes to life.Therefore, it is necessary and natural to turn to the key description of the characters below.
The fourth sentence "returning relatives, reunification, appearance and number", depicts the heroic demeanor of Qing Taizu Nurhachi's army in battle.At the beginning, Taizu Nurhachi also wrote a poem horizontally when he passed the three passes: "Pass the pass and fight Saarhu, and wipe out 200,000 soldiers of the Ming Dynasty in one fell swoop." The triumphant song of victory sang the pride and might of the entrepreneur. "Pixiu" originally refers to a legendary beast. Here, the author borrows it as a metaphor for the banner soldiers of Houjin, and tries his best to describe the bravery of Nurhachi soldiers.This magical pen skillfully echoes the three majestic postures of "Leopard crouching" and "Diaopan" at the beginning of the chapter.It also powerfully depicts the relief-like image of Nurhachi who fought all his life and established the emperor's achievements in one fell swoop.
The poem "Three Passes" is just a seven-character quatrain, but the author not only arranges it in a compact structure, but also contains rich and profound historical content.The author expresses his feelings for the scenery, and writes about people and events, with a heroic and majestic poetic sentiment.Therefore, this is a masterpiece of nostalgia that can clearly represent the personality and style of a generation of emperors.