Chapter 45 Emperor Yongzheng of Emperor Shizong of Qing Dynasty——Aixinjueluo·Yinzhen
Aixinshiluo Yinzhen (1678-1735), the fourth son of Kangxi.After Kangxi's death, he obtained the throne by conspiracy.Historical Records: Yinzhen has a majestic appearance and a dignified demeanor.After he ascended the throne, he severely suppressed his brothers who were vying for the throne, imprisoned and killed Kolondo and Nian Gengyao who supported him, and repeatedly launched literary prisons to strengthen ideological rule.In the thirteenth year of his reign, he died and was buried in Tailing (now Taining Town, Yi County, Hebei). The temple name was Shizong, and he was known as Emperor Yongzheng in history.
In the east of Shangyuan is a piece of Fangfei, and the long-term man is located in Huafeng.
① Yunbian, another name for books.The ancients mostly used rue to repel silverworms in their collection of books, so they called bookmarks "Yun stick" and books "Yun compilation".
This is a metrical poem about scenery, about the reading environment, about the spring scenery of the garden.
The author is very much like a landscape photographer, he is very particular about the method of framing and the change of camera angle.The first sentence of the first couplet, "A piece of Fangfei Shangyuan East" uses a wide-angle lens.The scene before people's eyes is verdant herbs and fragrant flowers. The meaning of "Fangfei" is not single, it can refer to the fragrance of flowers and plants, as well as the color of flowers and plants. "One piece" is also not a counting word that stipulates a constant quantity. It can be said to be numerous and full of flowers; it can also be said to be prosperous and colorful. "A piece of fragrance", it is a spring scene.This is the general writing, and only these four characters exaggerate the environment atmosphere of "the garden is full of spring and cannot be closed".This place is particularly attractive, so people cut into a close-up shot before their eyes: a scholar, holding a book in his hand, half-reading, half-reading, half-seeing.The spring scenery of the garden makes him intoxicated, obsessed, and sits for a long time, and the sundial moves without noticing it. He seems to be thinking and listening quietly.The wind didn't move, but he did hear it, the sound of falling red. "The day is long and the person sits in the flower wind", is the poet's reproduction really a state of "the osmanthus flowers fall in leisure"?
It is worth noting that the sitter in the poem is an aesthetic subject, he is carefully observing the things around him, admiring the beautiful and pleasant spring scenery.Therefore, with the continuous movement of his point of view, one by one sub-shots appeared.
"The velvet grass invades the green, and the rich peaches reflect the red of the pavilion." The couplet is about plants.First write the grass, the grass is the image of a person who is constantly making progress, those born in the ancient plains are "lili", and those born in Jiangzhou are "luxuriant". It is just that the courtyards and halls are often unwilling to provide the conditions for the growth of "grass".However, although the "Mengrong" grass is soft and delicate, it is not weak after all.The word "invasion" shows the unyielding personality of the grass's extension and penetration, and the word "green" shows its own reasonable existence. Spirit.Write about Tao again, Tao loves to wear heavy makeup, and is unwilling to be a supporting role.The word "ying" highlights the relationship between the peach and the pavilion as guest and host, and the word "red" shows its advantage of being gorgeous and winning by beauty.The author uses poetic brushes to adjust and apply colors, and indeed received the enlightening effect of "a little red in the green bushes" and "the red apricot branches are full of spring".
The next neck couplet is about animals: "The fragrance makes the bees peek at the seats, and the sunshine dances the butterflies near the curtain." The spring flowers are fragrant, attracting busy bees, and they are looking for the source of spring everywhere; the spring is beautiful and intoxicated. Butterflies, they are nostalgic for any beautiful place.Here, the two verbs "peep" and "beside" perfectly describe the simplicity and cuteness of bees and butterflies—the pair of little angels in the spring garden. "Jixi" and "Lianqiang", two nouns, the former has overlapping rhymes, and the latter has double voices, which endow the poems with a beautiful and clever rhyme rhythm, as if there are a few brisk and moving musical notes sounding from time to time between the shots. .This poem is really a wonderful art of sound and painting!
The artistic combination and editing of each sub-shot immediately produced a montage effect.This "spring garden" is full of aggressive vitality, full of the beauty of the world, amiable and lovely.Then, there is an imaginary picture at the end of the couplet: "Shaoguang pulses like spring like the sea." "Shaoguang" means a good time, and "Maidai" is tender and beautiful. "Spring is like the sea" is not only an image metaphor, but also a tribute to the spring.If "Shaoguang Maimaichun is like the sea" is the summary of the description of "Spring Garden", then it should be said that "satire and chanting are endless" is the conclusion and sublimation of the theme of the poem.Writing "Satire on Yun Bian" is also writing "Reading in the Spring Garden".The plan for a day lies in the morning, and the plan for a year lies in the spring. Black hair doesn't know how to study early, and white hair regrets studying late.Appreciating the spring in the garden inspired the "sitters" quite a bit, so they satirized and chanted loudly, with boundless interest.The author photographed this exuberant, carefree and enthusiastic last scene, which greatly deepened the theme of "Reading in the Spring Garden".Writing in this way makes the author's description of the scenery of the spring garden more meaningful in life.
The poem "Reading in the Spring Garden" is good at framing scenes, writing objects accurately and vividly, lifelike, and painting and coloring are full of poetic and picturesque flavors. Aesthetic enjoyment is really a masterpiece worthy of satire.
Hibiscus Wanren is inserted into the Dan ladder, and the peaks on the sea are not in the same place.
Mount Tai is known as "the longest of the five mountains" and "the only one of the five mountains", so it is also called Daishan and Daizong.Chinese emperors of all dynasties often came to Taishan to hold the Zen ceremony at the beginning of their ascension to the throne and at the age of Taiping, and offered sacrifices to the heaven and the earth.They are also often amazed and bowed down by the majestic mountains and magnificent scenery of Mount Tai.Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, praised him and said: "It's high, it's extremely, it's big, it's special, it's strong, it's impressive, it's scary, and it's confusing." Although there are as many as eight characteristics of Dai Zong, it's a pity that they are too abstract. .The poem "Wang Dai" by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty mainly grasped the "high" feature of Mount Dai and made a very vivid description.
Poems are seven laws.The first couplet is "Furong Wanren is inserted into the Dan ladder, and the peaks on the sea are not in the same place." "Furong", or Furong City, is said to be the place where immortals live.Su Shi of the Song Dynasty wrote a poem: "The flowers in Furong City are dark, and the masters are Shi and Ding." According to legend, Shi Yannian, Ding Du, and Wang Jiong became the masters of Furong City after their deaths.Naturally, Mount Tai may as well be called "Fairy Mountain". The Taoist classic "Seven Signs of Yunji" classifies "Dongyue Taishan Cave" as one of the "Thirty-six Caves". There are many "fairy traces" on Mount Tai, such as The "Immortal Bridge", the "Wangmu Pond", which was called Qunyu Temple in ancient times, the "Wanxian Building" where "Ran Ran's ancient bamboos are rooted in Taishan", the "Huanghua Cave" where the jade girl cultivates the truth, and the tourist pass Now you can get the "Shengxianfang" where you become a fairy!Wait.Therefore, the author Yinzhen compared Mount Tai with the gods of Penglai, Fangzhang, and Yingzhou on the sea.It is said that Mount Tai is like a ten-thousand-ren Dan ladder, which goes straight up to the nine skys and to the fairyland.
So there is the second couplet: "Look at wild horses at nine o'clock green smoke, and wait for roosters in the red sun at five o'clock." "That's all.Li He's "Mengtian" says: "Looking at Qizhou in the distance, there is a nine-point smoke, and a sea of sea water pours out of the cup." Yinzhen used the sentence here. "Looking at wild horses", this is the language of "Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoyou". Wild horses are like dust. "Heavenly Chicken", the chicken in the sky in mythology.Guo Pu's "Xuanzhongji" records: "There is a big tree in Taodu Mountain called Taodu. The branches are three thousand miles away, and there is a rooster on it. When the sun rises and shines on the tree, the rooster crows immediately, and all the roosters in the world crow." Li Bai's " There was a description in "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yinliu Farewell" that "you can see the sun on half the wall, and you can hear the chicken in the sky". Yinzhen borrowed it here, but the sense of time of "waiting" and "smelling" are different.Judging from the entire second couplet, although the author used the predecessors' sentences one after another, he did not simply follow or borrow, but more concentratedly created the unique magical realm of Daizong.Compared with Xie Lingyun's "Cui Lai piercing the sky" ("Mount Tai Yin") sentence that looks tall and tall on Mount Tai, Yinzhen's couplet not only highlights the emotional image, but is also full of romance.
The third couplet writes about the scenic spots and historic sites on the mountain: "The cliffs covered by clouds are full of ancient pines, and the inscriptions on the steles are not lost." The first sentence writes about the ancient pines on the walls.There are many layers of pine trees in Mount Tai, especially in the Songshan area, where the two peaks face each other. The ancient pines grow on the cliffs, and the clouds emerge from them, appearing and disappearing from time to time.This discovery and description of Yongzheng seems to have been confirmed in the later poems of Qianlong: "The best part of Daizong is the wonder of the pines." The latter sentence is written with ancient characters on the stele.There are many steles in Mount Dai, known as the "Forest of Steles", and there are even remnants of Qin II's edict among them.Hao Jing, a native of the Yuan Dynasty, once chanted in a poem: "The fist is like a hairpin and the stock is as straight as a chopstick, and the iron bends the jade to be beautiful and strange. It has been thin and vigorous for a thousand years, and it is even more crazy to look back at Zhujia's fat" ("Tai Ping Ding Reading Qin Stele").Yinzhen's poems are similar to Hao Jing's poems. He said that although the stele remains "moss accumulated", the characters are still "not confused".As far as the "Yunfeng" couplet is concerned, Yinzhen's observations are careful and meticulous, and his descriptions are vivid and lifelike.The quiet and realistic description reveals the poet's yearning and admiration for the magical and ancient Mount Tai.
The last couplet writes about the long cultural history of Mount Tai. "Immortal altar" is the place where immortals live.Tang Yuanjie wrote in a poem: "The second peak of Jiuyi, there is an altar of immortals on it." "Golden mud" is made of mercury and gold powder, which is used to seal jade letters and imperial edicts, more than it is used when enshrining Zen.According to Emperor Daizong, it is the place where "Dongyue Taishan God" is located. It is said that seventy-two monarchs from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties came here to pray for the shrine.Next to the Yunv Pool on the top of Mount Tai, there is a stele inscribed with the imperial edict of Emperor II of Qin in seal script by Li Si.This poem ends with the couplet "Ran Ran's head of the sheng and the crane descended, and the fairy altar once descended from the golden mud", which shows Yongzheng's status as an emperor and his fantasy of seeking immortality.
The poem starts with writing about the majesty and majesty of the mountain, combines historical stories, intersperses myths and legends, and depicts scenic spots and historic sites, successfully creating an ancient and desirable image of Mount Tai.In terms of artistic techniques, the antithesis is strict and neat, the allusions are flexible and appropriate, and the rhyme is smooth, reaching the level of clarity but not shallow.
The wind blows the elms and the Huaihuai trees, and the horns of dawn sing, and the generals who build the altar will be appointed to fight.
①Piercing Yang means that the feathered arrows of a good shooter can penetrate the leaves of willows.The book "Warring States Policy · Western Zhou Dynasty"; "In Chu there are those who support the foundation and are good at shooting. Those who remove the willow leaves can shoot with a hundred steps, and they will hit a hundred shots."
② Lie Lie refers to the sound made by the wind blowing the flag.Li Bai's "East Tour Song of Yongwang": "The thunder and drums are noisy in Wuchang, and the clouds and flags are hunting across Xunyang." Yunshao, "Shao" and "旓" are the same.The hanging ornaments such as ribbons in ancient and modern times can be called "旓 (shao)" or "旒 (liu)". "Selected Works · Zhang Heng": "The kite sings in the habitat, and the cloud tip. "Xue Zong notes: "The tip of the cloud means that the flag of the flag flies like a cloud. "
This Qilu is a majestic picture of "autumn soldiers on the battlefield".
The first sentence at the beginning of the poem catches people's attention: "The wind blows in the elms and the Huaihuai trees call in the dawn." In midsummer's day, just after dawn, the war drums and horns sounded in unison, creating a tense atmosphere of rising smoke and calling the police at the border.This opening is very suspenseful, and it immediately grabs people's hearts.The second sentence went on to explain: "Build the altar and choose the generals to specialize." The ancient generals were allowed to send troops to fight by themselves after special permission, which was called "special conscripts".To obtain this qualification, one must first go through "building an altar and selecting generals", which requires a grand "parade", that is, a military review.
In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), at the age of Jiyou, the Qing Dynasty harassed Khalkha repeatedly because of Gardan Celing, and hid the Qinghai rebel leader Luo Bu Zangdanjin. The court proposed to send troops to conquer.Therefore, "Jiayin in May, go up to review chariots and cavalry battalions in Nanyuan", and build an altar to select generals. "At Chenshi, General Fu Erdan of Jingbian ordered chariots, camp chariots, artillery, shotguns, and sergeants on horseback to line up in front of the Eagle Terrace according to their azimuth and flag colors. , ascended the seat, gave the kings and ministers to sit down, blew the conch, and the conch rang one after another, and went straight to the camp. In the camp, drums were played, and the red flag was raised in the south. All the army units moved forward, and the artillery and shotguns were fired at once. "("Records of the Qing Dynasty" Yongzheng Dynasty) the first couplet of this poem describes exactly this scene and momentum.
"Records of the Qing Dynasty" records the military parade: "Jinming all stopped, from right to east, then west, and north, each according to the color of the flag, and performed in sequence. Two flags were exhibited, distributed on both sides, corresponding from the beginning to the end, like the Great Wall. After the performance, The sergeant shouted triumphantly and returned to the front line. The order of the team is orderly, without losing size, and the military appearance is continuous and clean." (quoted above) This is written in detail, but it is also very trivial.It's better to read the description of the second couplet of Yongzheng's poem: "Swish feather arrows piercing Yang Qiao, hunting clouds to shine on the sun." It's a hundred shots and one hundred hits, and the warrior's superb skill in bending the bow and shooting is a positive expression of the bravery of the strong team. "Hunting" describes the sound of fluttering battle flags, and "Yao Riming" describes the banners and flags fluttering in the formation, competing with the sun for glory, which is a metaphor for morale and military power from the side.The jumping of verses is not the tedious realism of newsreels, but the montage in art films, which is generalized, concentrated and typical. Although it is exaggerated, it is not untrue. Every shot captures the characteristics of things.In particular, the author's use of neat dual syntax is more conducive to exaggerating the unique environment and atmosphere of "building altars and selecting generals", so it is more artistically appealing than historical records.
The third couplet writes the scene in suspense: "Wanli Yuguan Pinglu Cave, Sanqiu Hanhai crossing the heavenly soldiers." "Yuguan", that is, Yumen Pass, is a frontier fortress in the northwest of Dunhuang County, Gansu.The poet's emphasis on Yuguan Wanli is to show the solemnity and sacredness of countering the rebellion. "Pinglu's lair is to go straight to the enemy's nest, so as to reveal the direct goal of this battle. "Hanhai" refers to the desert. Tao Han of the Tang Dynasty said in his poem "Chuxiao Caring for the Ancients": "The lonely city is like a vast sea, and the setting sun shines on Qilian. "The sand and moraine in the vast sea have always symbolized and expressed the hardships of the conditions for recruiting soldiers, but the author used the amazing pen of "Crossing the Heavenly Soldiers" to compare and praise the bravery and magic of the soldiers in battle with the mythical heavenly soldiers and the future. Reading can not but make one's spirit uplifted and encouraged. This couplet also uses antithesis, which is not only skillful but also natural, leaving no traces of chiseling.
The last couplet writes Emperor Yongzheng's exhortations and exhortations: "Take care of the food and armor, and sweep away the dust and atmosphere." The exhortation of "treasure" expresses concern and love for the soldiers in battle. "Sweeping the dust atmosphere" shows the determination and will to completely suppress the rebellion.Yongzheng was deeply alert to Galdan Celing's "cunning and crazy birth", and believed that "if it is not cut off in time, it will be a great harm to all Mongolia, and it may cause hidden worries to the country in the future." Carry out annihilation and suppression, and water will stabilize the frontiers" (quoted above).At the end of the poem, the sentence "sweeping away the dust and atmosphere far away from the Qing Dynasty" just shows Yongzheng's lofty ideal of resolutely unifying the motherland and realizing national unity.
The characteristic of this poem in terms of expression techniques is that the antithesis technique is skillful and smooth, and it is good at using the art of antithesis to capture the characteristic scenery to set off the solemn and majestic atmosphere of the army going out.There are not many allusions in the whole poem and the sentences are simple, but the author's sincere care and deep hope for the soldiers in battle are all contained in it, so the feelings are sincere and unpretentious, and it is an excellent poem.
